Browse AMR Genes
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
aminoglycoside acetyltransferase
Overview
| Allele | Database | Papers | Drug Classes | Organisms | Countries | Years | Sequence Accession | Protein Accession |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aac(3)-Vb | Reslit | 1 | gentamicin, netilmicin +1 | Serratia marcescens | - | 1992 | PMC245480 | - |
| aac(3)-lld | Reslit | 3 | gentamicin, kanamycin +1 | Escherichia coli +1 | Singapore, Brazil, North Carolina | 2021, 2022, 2024 | PRJNA398288 | - |
| aac(3)-VIb | Reslit | 1 | aminoglycosides | Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli | China | 2021 | - | - |
| Aac3-Ik | Reslit | 1 | aminoglycosides | Staphylococcus aureus | - | 2021 | - | - |
| aac(3)-IId_1 | Reslit | 2 | aminoglycosides | Salmonella enterica | Europe|Denmark|France|Germany|United Kingdom, Hanoi, Vietnam | 2021, 2023 | MF684783.1|CP055956.1|CP057682.1|CP055697.1|KF152885|HQ023861|KC853435.1|CP039562.1|MF543359.1 | - |
| aac(3)-Vla | Reslit | 3 | amikacin, gentamicin +1 | Escherichia coli B2C +1 | Brazil, North Carolina, Denmark|Finland|Germany | 2022, 2024 | JACSWD000000000.1 | - |
| aac(3)-Ila | Reslit | 2 | amikacin, gentamicin +1 | Escherichia coli +2 | Italy, Nigeria | 2022, 2023 | PRJNA816063|SAMN26656496 | - |
| aac 3-pEK516 | Reslit | 1 | streptomycin | Escherichia coli | Southeast Nigeria | 2022 | PRJEB43719 | - |
| aac(3)-lla | Reslit | 2 | gentamicin, kanamycin +1 | Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium +2 | Brazil, South America|Australia|France|Vietnam|China | 2022 | JAEDYP000000000 | - |
| aac(3)-IIa(aacC2) | Reslit | 1 | gentamicin | Listeria monocytogenes | Poland | 2022 | - | - |
| aac3-Ik | Reslit | 1 | aminoglycosides | Escherichia coli | Bangladesh | 2023 | - | - |
| aac(3)-Ile | Reslit | 2 | amikacin, aminoglycosides | Klebsiella aerogenes +2 | Bangladesh, southwestern Nigeria | 2023, 2025 | JAQQRH000000000 | - |
| AAC(3)-C1264 | Reference Gene Catalog | 1 | KANAMYCIN, TOBRAMYCIN +1 | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | - | 2023 | ABKGBU040000026.1 | EPL0130829.1 |
| aac(3')-lla | Reslit | 1 | gentamicin, amikacin | Klebsiella pneumoniae | Wales|Nigeria | 2023 | OR224963|OR224962 | - |
| aac(3)-lId | Reslit | 1 | aminoglycosides | Klebsiella pneumoniae | Oman | 2023 | - | - |
| AAC(3')-la | Reslit | 1 | aminoglycosides | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | Namib Desert | 2024 | PRJNA592367 | - |
| aac(3)-XIa | Reslit | 1 | kanamycin, tobramycin +2 | Corynebacterium striatum +1 | - | 2025 | WP_063840259.1|CAA39184.1|NG_050595 | - |
| AAC(3)-XIa | Reslit | 1 | gentamicin, sisomicin | Escherichia coli | - | 2025 | WP_063840259.1|CAA39184.1|NG_050595 | - |
| aac(3)-IVa_1 | Reslit | 1 | amikacin | Proteus mirabilis | China|North America|Asia|Europe|Africa|Other | 2025 | CP137085|CP137086|CP137084|CP137087|CP137335|CP137337|CP137336|CP137214|CP137215|CP137216|CP137220|CP137736|CP137217|CP137218|CP137219|JAWQKU000000000|CP137228|CP137229|CP137230|CP137233|CP137234|CP137235|CP192503|CP192504|CP192505|CP191542|CP191543|JBMERJ000000000|JBMERK000000000|JBMERL000000000|JBMERM000000000|CP071123|CP071124|CP071125|CP071126|CP071127|CP071128|CP071129|CP071130|CP071131|CP071132 | - |
| aac(3)-iid_iia | Reslit | 1 | aminoglycosides | Enterobacterales | Lebanon | 2025 | PRJNA1179688 | - |
Cloning and DNA sequence analysis of an aac(3)-Vb gene from Serratia marcescens.
The aac(3)-Vb gene from Serratia marcescens was cloned and characterized, conferring resistance to several aminoglycosides including gentamicin, netilmicin, 2'-N-ethylnetilmicin, 6'-N-ethylnetilmicin, and moderate resistance to tobramycin.
Characterization of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Jurong Lake, Singapore with Whole-Genome-Sequencing.
The study identified several extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-8, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-14, and bla CTX-M-55, along with mcr-1.1 and mcr-3.1 for colistin resistance. Additionally, various other resistance genes such as qnrS1, mdf(A), mph(A), and others were found in the isolates, indicating multidrug resistance.
Effects of in ovo probiotic administration on the incidence of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli in broilers and an evaluation on its virulence and antimicrobial resistance properties.
The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in APEC isolates, including blaTEM, aac(3)-VIa, aac(3)-VIb, aadA, tetA, tetB, dfr7, qacEΔ, qnr, sul1, intl1, arsC, and merA. These genes conferred resistance to multiple antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, quinolones, sulfonamides, and heavy metals.
Full pathogen characterisation: species identification including the detection of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes via multiplex DNA-assays.
The study presents a DNA microarray-based assay for the simultaneous detection of 44 sepsis-relevant bacterial pathogens, 360 virulence factors, and 409 antibiotic resistance genes. The assay was evaluated with 14 multidrug-resistant strains, including all ESKAPE pathogens.
The Spatiotemporal Dynamics and Microevolution Events That Favored the Success of the Highly Clonal Multidrug-Resistant Monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium Circulating in Europe.
The study identifies various AMR genes in the highly clonal multidrug-resistant monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium ST34, including beta-lactamases, sulfonamide resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, phenicol resistance genes, and polymyxin resistance genes.
Genomic features of a multidrug-resistant and mercury-tolerant environmental Escherichia coli recovered after a mining dam disaster in South America.
The study identifies a multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strain (B2C) carrying the bla CTX-M-2 ESBL gene, qacE∆1 efflux pump, and the mer operon, indicating resistance to antibiotics, heavy metals, and disinfectants.
Genomic Characterization of an O101:H9-ST167 NDM-5-Producing Escherichia coli Strain from a Kitten in Italy.
The study characterizes an NDM-5-producing Escherichia coli ST167 strain from a kitten in Italy, highlighting the presence of multiple AMR genes including blaNDM-5, bla_ble, blaAmpH, blaAmpC1, and others, along with mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance.
Molecular characterization of extended spectrum cephalosporin resistant Escherichia coli isolated from livestock and in-contact humans in Southeast Nigeria.
The study identified four variants of bla CTX-M (CTX-M-15, CTX-M-55, CTX-M-64, and CTX-M-65) in extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli from livestock and in-contact humans in Southeast Nigeria. Other AMR genes such as bla TEM-1b, aac 3-IId, qnr S1, and sul 2 were also characterized.
Emergence, Dissemination and Antimicrobial Resistance of the Main Poultry-Associated Salmonella Serovars in Brazil.
The study characterizes antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and mutations in various Salmonella serovars associated with poultry in Brazil, emphasizing the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Key findings include the identification of AMR genes such as blaCTX-M-2, blaTEM-1B, aac(3)-lla, aac(3)-lld, aadA1, aadA2, aph(6)-ld, dfrA1, floR, mrc-1, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, tet(A), tet(B), and others, which confer resistance to multiple antibiotics.
Emergence, Dissemination and Antimicrobial Resistance of the Main Poultry-Associated Salmonella Serovars in Brazil.
The study characterizes antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and mutations in various Salmonella serovars associated with poultry in Brazil, emphasizing the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Key findings include the identification of AMR genes such as blaCTX-M-2, blaTEM-1B, aac(3)-lla, aac(3)-lld, aadA1, aadA2, aph(6)-ld, dfrA1, floR, mrc-1, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, tet(A), tet(B), and others, which confer resistance to multiple antibiotics.
Human pandemic K27-ST392 CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum β-lactamase-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae: A one health clone threatening companion animals.
The study identifies a multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae strain (LCKp01) carrying the bla CTX-M-15 gene and other clinically important AMR genes, highlighting the global spread of this clone in both human and animal populations.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Characterization of Listeria monocytogenes Strains Isolated from Food and Food Processing Environments.
The study identified several AMR genes in L. monocytogenes strains, including Lde, aadB, aac(3)-IIa(aacC2), sulI, sulII, lnuA, lnuB, and mefA, which confer resistance to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and clindamycin.
A multicentre study reveals dysbiosis in the microbial co-infection and antimicrobial resistance gene profile in the nasopharynx of COVID-19 patients.
The study identified a variety of antimicrobial resistance genes in the nasopharynx of COVID-19 patients, including beta-lactamases, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, and others. These genes were found to be prevalent in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, highlighting the importance of monitoring antimicrobial resistance in the context of the pandemic.
Whole-Genome Analysis of Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonella enterica Isolated from Duck Carcasses in Hanoi, Vietnam.
The study identified 43 antibiotic resistance genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from duck carcasses in Hanoi, Vietnam, including genes conferring resistance to multiple antibiotic classes such as aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, quinolones, and tetracyclines.
Case report: A successfully treated case of community-acquired urinary tract infection due to Klebsiella aerogenes in Bangladesh.
The study identifies several AMR genes in a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella aerogenes strain, including genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and others. The strain was found to be susceptible to carbapenems and polymyxins.
Extensive screening reveals previously undiscovered aminoglycoside resistance genes in human pathogens.
Clonal expansion and rapid characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae ST1788, an otherwise uncommon strain spreading in Wales, UK.
The study identified several AMR genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae ST1788, including blaSHV-232, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-266, blaOXA-1, blaTEM-1, aac(3')-lla, aac(6')-lb-cr, strA, strB, qnrB1, dfrA14, sul2, and blaOXA-48. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, and carbapenems.
Comparative Genomic Analysis Reveals the Emergence of ST-231 and ST-395 Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Associated with the High Transmissibility of bla(KPC) Plasmids.
The study identifies multiple AMR genes, including blaOXA-232, blaCTX-M-15, dfrA14, aac(6')-Ib-cr, and others, in K. pneumoniae isolates, highlighting the role of integrons and plasmids in the dissemination of resistance.
Characterization of the soil resistome and mobilome in Namib Desert soils.
The study identified two horizontally acquired antibiotic resistance genes, AAC(3')-la and blaTEM-116, in Namib Desert soils, highlighting the presence of resistance mechanisms against aminoglycosides and beta-lactam antibiotics.
Characteristics of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from retail meat products in North Carolina.
The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from retail meat products in North Carolina, including aac(3)-IV, aadA1, aph(3'')-lb, blaTEM-1, tetB, and others, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant E. coli in ground turkey.
Characteristics of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from retail meat products in North Carolina.
The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from retail meat products in North Carolina, including aac(3)-IV, aadA1, aph(3'')-lb, blaTEM-1, tetB, and others, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant E. coli in ground turkey.
Comparison of IncK-bla(CMY-2) Plasmids in Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Poultry and Humans in Denmark, Finland, and Germany.
The study characterizes IncK-bla(CMY-2) plasmids in extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant E. coli isolates from poultry and humans in Denmark, Finland, and Germany, identifying multiple resistance genes including bla(CMY-2), aadA1, aac(3)-Vla, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aac(3)-IId, aadA5, aph(3′)-Ia, sul1, sul2, tet(A), tet(B), and bla TEM-1B.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Nigeria: A Comprehensive Review of Environmental, Food, and Clinical Impacts
The study identifies several AMR genes, including bla CTX-M-15, floR, and various tetracycline and sulfonamide resistance genes, highlighting the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria in Nigeria's environment, food supply chain, and clinical settings.
Enzyme-mediated aminoglycoside resistance without target mimicry.
The study identifies AAC(3)-Ia and AAC(3)-XIa as aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes that do not use target mimicry, binding aminoglycosides in a non-canonical boat conformation. These enzymes confer resistance to several aminoglycosides, including gentamicin, sisomicin, and others.
Enzyme-mediated aminoglycoside resistance without target mimicry.
The study identifies AAC(3)-Ia and AAC(3)-XIa as aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes that do not use target mimicry, binding aminoglycosides in a non-canonical boat conformation. These enzymes confer resistance to several aminoglycosides, including gentamicin, sisomicin, and others.
Global phylogeography and genomic characterization of bla(NDM-1)-positive clinical Proteus mirabilis isolates from China.
The study identifies blaNDM-1 as a key determinant of carbapenem resistance in Proteus mirabilis isolates from China, along with other resistance genes such as blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-65, and blaTEM-1. It also characterizes the genomic context of blaNDM-1, including its integration into SGI1 and plasmid-borne elements.
Whole-genome sequencing reveals Enterobacter hormaechei as a key bloodstream pathogen in six tertiary care hospitals in southwestern Nigeria.
The study identifies several AMR genes in Enterobacter hormaechei and Enterobacter cloacae, including bla ACT-45, bla CTX-M-15, bla NDM-1, dfrA14, mcr10.1, aac(3)-Ile, aph(3′)-Ib, qnrB1, sul1, sul2, tet(A), catA1, and mphA, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance in these species.
A quantitative characterization of antibiotic resistance and its influencing factors in hospital wastewaters across Lebanon.
The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in hospital wastewaters across Lebanon, highlighting the prevalence of resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and glycopeptides.
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