Browse AMR Genes
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
AAC(3)-I family aminoglycoside 3-N-acetyltransferase
Overview
| Allele | Database | Papers | Drug Classes | Organisms | Countries | Years | Sequence Accession | Protein Accession |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aac(3)-I | Reference Gene CatalogResFinder DatabaseReslit | 22 | GENTAMICIN, gentamicin +8 | Pseudomonas aeruginosa +21 | Egypt, Europe|Italy, China, Iran, France|China|Germany|Brazil|Denmark|Japan, United States, Denmark|Spain|France|Netherlands, Norway, India, Kenya, Europe, Ghana, Northwestern Transylvania, Romania | 2005, 2011, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2023, 2024, 2025 | AF318077.1 | AAK12088.1 |
| aac3 | Reslit | 7 | gentamicin, aminoglycosides +1 | Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium +5 | Japan, France, Greece, San Francisco|Seattle|Minnesota|Minneapolis|Sacramento|Dallas|Jackson, United Kingdom, India | 2005, 2006, 2016, 2017, 2019, 2022 | AY224185|AF550415|AF326777 | - |
| aac3'-1 | Reslit | 1 | aminoglycosides | Acinetobacter baumannii | China|Beijing, China | 2013 | CP003846|CP003887|CP003849|CP003850|CP003888|CP003847|CP003848|CP003907|CP003908 | - |
| aac ( 3 )- I | Reslit | 1 | aminoglycosides | Acinetobacter baumannii | Germany | 2013 | - | - |
| aac (3)-I | Reslit | 1 | gentamicin, tobramycin +1 | Escherichia coli +2 | - | 2014 | ADE18890.1|AAS46844.1|AEN02824.1|AEN02817.1|ACV88636.1|AEL87577.1|AEQ55231.1|ABQ14376.1|ADN79104.1|WP_010157942.1|ACI29961.1|AEQ39590.1|AAM22276.1|WP_019405145.1|AEW28787.1|ABY81267.1|AAF74292.1|AFU53026.1|ADE18896.1|AEN02826.1|YP_252228.1|WP_009348253.1|WP_017896153.1|WP_008157744.1|CAJ47138.2|ADU15837.1|AEK80394.1|ABS72351.1|AAP03063.1|AEG79634.1|ABG46354.1|AEZ49563.1|AEZ49551.1|ABG46356.1|ABW06480.1|AAB22638.1|BAD16611.1|YP_003717483.1|ABN09669.1|AAA25680.1|WP_006234103.1|AAS45464.1|WP_002304968.1|WP_001028140.1|WP_001028143.1|WP_010729367.1|AAX82584.1|WP_002417297.1|AFR11868.1|AFM29914.1|AAT77696.1|3SG8_A|3N4T_A|ACJ47203.1|ACA48663.14|AAA16194.1|WP_001642188.1 | - |
| aac-3 | Reslit | 1 | gentamicin | Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium | Yunnan Province | 2020 | - | - |
| aac3- | Reslit | 1 | aminoglycosides | Escherichia coli | Europe | 2021 | - | - |
| aac(3') | Reslit | 3 | aminoglycosides, gentamicin | Bacteroides fragilis +2 | Spain, India|Malaysia|South China, China | 2021, 2022 | JACLQC000000000|JADDIJ000000000 | - |
| aac (3")-i | Reslit | 1 | gentamicin, tobramycin | Acinetobacter baumannii | Inner Mongolia | 2022 | - | - |
| aaC3 | Reslit | 1 | gentamicin | Staphylococcus aureus | Vermont | 2024 | PRJNA983748 | - |
| aac 3 | Reslit | 1 | gentamicin | Escherichia coli | Oregon, USA|Oregon | 2024 | - | - |
| AAC (3) | Reslit | 1 | aminoglycosides | Escherichia coli | - | 2025 | - | - |
The IncP-6 plasmid Rms149 consists of a small mobilizable backbone with multiple large insertions.
The study characterizes the IncP-6 plasmid Rms149, identifying several AMR genes including aac(3)-I, aadA5, intI1, qacEΔ1, and sul1, which confer resistance to gentamicin, streptomycin, spectinomycin, quaternary ammonium compounds, and sulfonamide, respectively.
The IncP-6 plasmid Rms149 consists of a small mobilizable backbone with multiple large insertions.
The IncP-6 plasmid Rms149 consists of a small mobilizable backbone with multiple large insertions.
Characterization of isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium displaying high-level fluoroquinolone resistance in Japan.
The study identifies high-level fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates with mutations in gyrA (S83F, D87N/G) and parC (S80R), along with resistance genes blaOXA-30, aadA1, dhfr12, aadA2, aac3, catA, and tetRA.
Comparative genomics of multidrug resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii.
The study identifies numerous resistance genes in the multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain AYE, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and others, highlighting the complexity of its resistance mechanisms.
Characterization of novel antibiotic resistance genes identified by functional metagenomics on soil samples.
Aminoglycoside resistance rates, phenotypes, and mechanisms of Gram-negative bacteria from infected patients in upper Egypt.
The study identified aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms in Gram-negative bacteria, including aac(3)-I, aac(6')-I, ant(2")-I, and aph(3')-I genes, which confer resistance to various aminoglycosides.
Complete genome analysis of three Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates in China for insight into the diversification of drug resistance elements.
The study identifies multiple AMR genes and resistance islands in three multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, highlighting the role of genomic plasticity in the dissemination of resistance mechanisms.
DNA microarray for genotyping antibiotic resistance determinants in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates.
The study developed a DNA microarray for genotyping antibiotic resistance determinants in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates, identifying numerous resistance genes and mutations associated with carbapenem, aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, and other antibiotic resistances.
A degenerate PCR-based strategy as a means of identifying homologues of aminoglycoside and β-lactam resistance genes in the gut microbiota.
The study identified numerous aminoglycoside and β-lactam resistance gene homologues in the gut microbiota of healthy adults, indicating that the human gut microbiota serves as a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes even in the absence of recent antibiotic exposure.
Positive selection and compensatory adaptation interact to stabilize non-transmissible plasmids.
The study identifies the aac(3)-I gene encoded on the non-transmissible plasmid pNUK73, which confers resistance to kanamycin and neomycin in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Draft Genome Sequence of Proteus mirabilis NO-051/03, Representative of a Multidrug-Resistant Clone Spreading in Europe and Expressing the CMY-16 AmpC-Type β-Lactamase.
The draft genome sequence of Proteus mirabilis NO-051/03 reveals the presence of multiple acquired resistance genes, including blaCMY-16 and blaTEM-1b, which confer resistance to β-lactams, as well as genes for resistance to aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, trimethoprim, and sulfonamides. Additionally, mutations in gyrA, gyrB, and parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.
Streaming algorithms for identification of pathogens and antibiotic resistance potential from real-time MinION(TM) sequencing.
The study presents a real-time analysis framework for MinION sequencing data, demonstrating the ability to identify pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes within a few hours of sequencing. Key resistance genes identified include blaSHV, mphA, strA, strB, blaTEM, sul2, blaOXA, aac3, aac6, blaCMY, blaCFE, blaLAT, blaBIL, QnrB, aadA, oqxA, tetA, oqxB, rmtC, sul1, sul3, fosA, blaNDM, oqxA, blaSHV, oqxB, aadB, sul1, sul3, blaOXA, blaOKP, fosA, blaSHV, blaOKP, blaLEN, oqxA, and oqxB.
Molecular Epidemiology of Multi-Drug Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated in Shandong, China.
The study identified bla OXA-23 as the primary contributor to carbapenem resistance in MDR A. baumannii, armA as a key gene for amikacin resistance, and aac(3)-I as contributing to gentamicin and tobramycin resistance.
Genomic Analysis of Factors Associated with Low Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance in Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Sequence Type 95 Strains.
The study identifies several AMR genes in ST95 E. coli strains, including blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M14, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aac3, strA, strB, tetA, tetB, tetD, sul1, sul2, dfrA5, dfrA12, dfrA17, mphA, and catA1, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, cephalothin, streptomycin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, azithromycin, and chloramphenicol.
The In-Feed Antibiotic Carbadox Induces Phage Gene Transcription in the Swine Gut Microbiome.
Carbadox induces phage gene transcription and affects the expression of antibiotic resistance genes in the swine gut microbiome, including aminoglycoside acetyltransferase (aac3), class A beta-lactamase (bla), and ATP-binding cassette (ABC) efflux pumps.
Frequency of 16S rRNA Methylase and Aminoglycoside-Modifying Enzyme Genes among Clinical Isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in Iran.
The study identified several aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes (aac(6')-Ib, aac(3)-I, ant(3'')-I, aph(3')-I, aac(6')-Id) and 16S rRNA methylase genes (armA, rmtA) in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates in Iran, highlighting their prevalence and contribution to aminoglycoside resistance.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas spp.
The paper discusses the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas spp., focusing on the identification of resistance genes such as blaOXA-23, blaOXA-51, aac(6')-Ib, aac(3')-I, aph(3')-VI, ANT(2'')-I, ArmA, and efflux pumps like MexAB-OprM and MexXY-OprM. It also highlights mutations in gyrA and parC contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance.
Using Machine Learning To Predict Antimicrobial MICs and Associated Genomic Features for Nontyphoidal Salmonella.
The study presents a machine learning model capable of predicting antimicrobial MICs for nontyphoidal Salmonella using whole-genome sequence data, identifying key genomic features associated with resistance.
Prediction of the intestinal resistome by a three-dimensional structure-based method.
The study predicts 6,095 antibiotic resistance determinants (ARDs) in the human intestinal microbiota using a three-dimensional structure-based method called pairwise comparative modelling (PCM). Experimental validation of 71 predicted ARDs showed that they conferred resistance to various antibiotics, including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, quinolones, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, fosfomycin, and glycopeptides.
Nationwide Stepwise Emergence and Evolution of Multidrug-Resistant Campylobacter jejuni Sequence Type 5136, United Kingdom.
The study identifies the emergence of multidrug-resistant Campylobacter jejuni sequence type 5136 in the UK, highlighting the role of specific AMR genes and mutations such as blaOXA-193, tet(O/32/O), aac3, and gyrA C257T in conferring resistance to various antibiotics.
Whole Genome Sequencing and Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Bacterial Strains Isolated From a Norwegian University Campus Pond.
The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in ESBL-producing bacteria from Norwegian freshwater environments, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains with resistance to various antibiotics including beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and sulfonamides.
Molecular Relatedness of Salmonella enterica Typhimurium Isolates from Feces and an Infected Surgical Wound.
The study identified the presence of blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1, qnrS-1, qnrB, aac-3, and blaCMY-2 in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates SM043 and SM080, which conferred resistance to third- and fourth-generation cephalosporins and other antibiotics.
Spectrum of Aminoglycoside Modifying Enzymes in Gram-Negative Bacteria Causing Human Infections.
The study identifies various aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (AMEs) in gram-negative bacteria causing human infections, including aac(6′)-lb, aac(3′)-I, aph(3′)-VI, aac(3′)-II, ant(2′)-I, ant(4′)-IIb, aph(2′)-Ib, aph(2′)-Ic, aph(2′)-Id, aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2′)-Ia, and aph(3′)-IIIa. These AMEs confer resistance to multiple aminoglycosides such as amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, and netilmicin.
A Biological Inventory of Prophages in A. baumannii Genomes Reveal Distinct Distributions in Classes, Length, and Genomic Positions.
The study identifies several antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes encoded in prophages within Acinetobacter baumannii genomes, including blaOXA-23, blaNDM-1, blaADC-5, blaOXA-67, blaOXA-115, blaTEM-12, aac(3)-I, aac(3)-Id, aacA16, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-VI, aph(6)-Id, aph(3'')-Ib, msr(E), mph(E), and sul2. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as carbapenems, penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and sulfonamides.
Antibiotic resistance plasmid composition and architecture in Escherichia coli isolates from meat.
The study characterizes various AMR genes in plasmids from meat-derived E. coli isolates, highlighting the diversity and clustering of resistance genes such as bla CTX-M-1, aadA5, sul2, and others, along with their association with specific plasmid incompatibility groups.
Detection of diverse carbapenem and multidrug resistance genes and high-risk strain types among carbapenem non-susceptible clinical isolates of target gram-negative bacteria in Kenya.
The study identified various carbapenemase genes (blaNDM-1, blaNDM-5, blaVIM-1, blaVIM-6, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-58, blaOXA-66, blaOXA-69, blaOXA-91, blaOXA-181, blaOXA-50) and other resistance genes (such as armA, rmtC, rmtF, aac(3)-I, aadA1, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-VI, aph(3')-Via, aph(6')-Id, mphE, msrE, mphA, ereA, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17, dfrA20, sul1, sul2, tetB, tetD, tetG, tet39, qnrVC1, qnrS1, qnrB4, floR, catA1, catA2, catB3, catB7, cmlA1, cmlA5, arr-3, arr-2, sat2, acrF, mdtM, emrD, mexA, mexE, mexX, kdeA, oxa-10, oxa-395, oxa-396, oxa-846, adc-25, dha-1, act-16, cmY, ctx-m-15, shv-67, tem-1b) in carbapenem non-susceptible clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria in Kenya, highlighting the diversity and prevalence of multidrug resistance.
Molecular Detection of Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli Isolated from Different Sources.
The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) isolates, including aadA1, aac(3)-I, ere(A), ampC, blaSHV, blaCMY, and tet(A), which conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as streptomycin, gentamicin, erythromycin, ampicillin, penicillin, cephalosporin, and tetracycline.
Genomic Background and Phylogeny of cfiA-Positive Bacteroides fragilis Strains Resistant to Meropenem-EDTA.
The study identifies two new metallo-beta-lactamase genes, cfiA14b and cfiA28, in Bacteroides fragilis strains resistant to meropenem-EDTA. Additionally, various other AMR genes such as aadS, aac(3'), ermF, lnu(AN2), vatA, mef(En2), tetX, tetQ, cat, bexA, bexB, qacE, cusR, mexAB-oprM, mexJK-oprM, mexXY-oprM, acrEF-tolC, and mdtEF-tolC were characterized.
Outbreak of NDM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in the intensive care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic: Another nightmare.
The study reports an outbreak of NDM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in an ICU during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the presence of multiple AMR genes including blaNDM-1, blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, blaCMY-4, and others, along with mutations in ParC and GyrA contributing to quinolone resistance.
Foodborne Pathogenic Vibrios: Antimicrobial Resistance.
The paper discusses the presence of various antibiotic resistance genes in Vibrio species, including strB, sul2, tetA, blaTEM, qnrA, ermB, floR, aac(3)-IIa, blaNDM-1, blaCMY, blaP1, catB3, and others, which confer resistance to antibiotics such as streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, ampicillin, fluoroquinolones, erythromycin, florfenicol, gentamicin, carbapenems, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim.
Epidemiological and genetic characteristics of clinical carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains collected countrywide from hospital intensive care units (ICUs) in China.
The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) strains, highlighting the prevalence of bla OXA-23 and bla OXA-66 as key determinants of carbapenem resistance, along with other resistance mechanisms such as mutations in efflux pump genes and modifications in lipopolysaccharide synthesis.
Diversity of resistant determinants, virulence factors, and mobile genetic elements in Acinetobacter baumannii from India: A comprehensive in silico genome analysis.
The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in 47 Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from India, including blaOXA-23, blaADC-73, aac(3)-I, aadA, aph(3')-Ib, sul1, sul2, and lpsB. These genes contribute to resistance against carbapenems, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and polymyxins.
Detection and homology analysis of carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii resistance gene.
The study identified several carbapenem resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii, including adc, oxa-51, oxa-23, qace delta 1-sull, intl1, ant (3")-i, aac (3")-i, and tem. These genes contribute to resistance against various antibiotics, particularly carbapenems and beta-lactams.
Dynamics of antimicrobial resistance and virulence of staphylococcal species isolated from foods traded in the Cape Coast metropolitan and Elmina municipality of Ghana.
The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in staphylococcal isolates from food samples, including genes conferring resistance to tetracycline, gentamicin, methicillin, erythromycin, and vancomycin. High prevalence of multidrug resistance was observed, highlighting the potential health risks associated with food-borne staphylococci.
Hybrid Illumina-Nanopore assembly improves identification of multilocus sequence types and antimicrobial resistance genes of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Vermont dairy farms: comparison to Illumina-only and R9.4.1 nanopore-only assemblies.
The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Vermont dairy farms, including beta-lactam resistance genes (blaZ, blaI, blaR), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(K), tet(38)), erythromycin resistance genes (erm(T), erm(A)), lincomycin resistance gene (lnu(G)), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aaC3, ant(9)-la), multidrug resistance efflux pumps (lmrS, mepA, mepR, mepB, norA, norB, arlS, arlR, mgrA), and fosfomycin resistance gene (fosB).
Resolved genomes of wastewater ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and metagenomic analysis of source wastewater samples.
The study identified several beta-lactam resistance genes, including bla CTX-M-55, bla TEM-1, and bla SHV-2A, along with aminoglycoside, tetracycline, and sulfonamide resistance genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from wastewater samples.
The Difference a Year Can Make: How Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Have Changed in Northwestern Transylvania.
The study identified an increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Northwestern Transylvania, Romania, between 2022 and 2023. Key AMR genes included bla OXA-50, sul1, ermB, mexA, mexB, bla VIM-1, aac(6′)-II, ant(4′)-Ia, aac(3)-I, aac(6′)-Im, aph(2″)-Ib, tetA, tetC, tetK, qnrB, ermC, mphC, fosA, nfsA, nfsB, ampC, and TEM-1.
Emerging threat of antimicrobial resistance determinants and plasmid replicon types acquisition by Escherichia coli of poultry and other food-producing animal origin in China: local findings with global implications.
The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli from poultry and other food-producing animals in China, highlighting the prevalence of beta-lactamases, tetracycline resistance genes, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, quinolone resistance genes, and sulfonamide resistance genes.
PanARGMiner (Pan-Genomic Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Miner): An advanced feature selection framework for extracting key resistance genes from pan-genomic datasets.
PanARGMiner effectively identifies key resistance genes from pan-genomic datasets, including both known and novel AMR genes, across multiple bacterial species.
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