The study identifies a novel sequence type of Escherichia coli (ST-458) responsible for pyelonephritis and bloodstream infection, carrying multiple antibiotic resistance genes and mutations associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and beta-lactams.

The study characterized IncA/C2 plasmids carrying In809-like integrons from Enterobacteriaceae isolates of wildlife origin, identifying several AMR genes including blaIMP-4, blaIMP-26, blaIMP-38, sul2, floR, aac(3)-IId, qnrA1, arr-3, dfrA12, aphA1, aadA16, aadA2, blaOXA-1, blaTEM-1, and blaDHA-1.

The study demonstrates the feasibility of rapid nanopore sequencing for detecting plasmid-borne antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in clinical isolates. It identifies several AMR genes, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, sulfonamide resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, macrolide resistance genes, and phenicol resistance genes, in both Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.

The study identifies several AMR genes in an extensively drug-resistant E. coli ST1642 isolate, including blaKPC-2, blaSHV-11, blaTEM-1, aadA5, strA, strB, aac(3)-IId, mph(A), sul1, sul2, tet(B), dfrA17, and qnrS1, which contribute to resistance against multiple antibiotics.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in E. coli isolates from children with cystic fibrosis, cancer, and healthy controls, highlighting differences in resistance profiles between groups.

The study identified a high prevalence of CTX-M-15-type ESBL-producing E. coli in migratory avian species in Pakistan, highlighting the role of wild birds as reservoirs of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the potential for horizontal gene transfer of resistance determinants.

The study identifies clinically relevant ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae ST307 and E. coli ST38 in an urban West African rat population, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains carrying various resistance genes such as blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-9, and others.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates from pigs and abattoir workers in Cameroon, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1B, bla SHV-28, and others, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains and their potential for zoonotic transmission.

The study identified multiple AMR genes, including blaOXA-48, blaCTX-M-3, blaTEM-1B, blaOXA-1, aac(3)-IId, tet(A), tet(R), and blaCMY-70, in an MDR E. coli isolate. It also detected mutations in gyrA (S83L, D87N) and parC (S80I) contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from different geographic locations, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside resistance genes, fosfomycin resistance, chloramphenicol resistance, sulfonamide resistance, quaternary ammonium compound resistance, tetracycline resistance, and others. Indian eye isolates exhibited a higher diversity of resistance genes compared to Australian isolates.

The study reports the first clinical case of a KPC-3-producing Klebsiella michiganensis isolate in Europe, highlighting the emergence of this multidrug-resistant pathogen and the significance of molecular diagnostics in identifying novel resistance mechanisms.

The study characterizes a carbapenem- and colistin-resistant Enterobacter cloacae strain, PIMB10EC27, which carries multiple resistance genes including blaNDM-1, blaSHV-12, and qnrS1, as well as mutations in pmrB and pmrC that may contribute to colistin resistance.

The study identifies and characterizes several aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms in E. coli, including aac(3)-II, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-Ia, and aac(3)-IId, demonstrating their roles in reducing susceptibility to aminoglycosides such as kanamycin, tobramycin, and amikacin.

The study identifies multiple multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Goldcoast strains in Taiwan, highlighting the emergence of an ST358 clone carrying various resistance genes, including blaCTX-M-55, mcr-1, and others, contributing to the rapid increase in infections.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in E. coli ST131 isolates from a patient with recurrent UTIs, including plasmid-borne resistance genes and chromosomal mutations contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identifies blaKPC-2 as the dominant carbapenemase gene in clinical CRKP isolates, along with various ESBLs and other resistance genes such as blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, aac(3)-IId, rmtB, QnrS1, oqxA, oqxB, fosA, catA1, catA2, dfrA1, and dfrA17.

The study characterized the resistome, mobilome, and virulome of 20 multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from Pretoria, South Africa. Key findings include the identification of various beta-lactamase genes (blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-27, blaOXA-1, blaOXA-10, blaTEM-1B), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IId, aac(6')-Ib-cr, mph(A)), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), dihydrofolate reductase genes (dfrA17, dfrA14, dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA12, dfrA23), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B)), chloramphenicol resistance genes (catB3, catA1), and fluoroquinolone resistance mutations in gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE.

The study analyzed 515 E. coli isolates from pigs using whole genome sequencing to identify AMR genes and mutations. Key findings include the prevalence of blaTEM-1b, tet(A), and tetA(B) genes, along with various mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE that confer resistance to fluoroquinolones. The study highlights the effectiveness of WGS in predicting AMR phenotypes with high concordance to MIC results.

The study identifies known and novel antimicrobial resistance genes using a machine learning approach on pan-genomes of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. Key findings include the detection of resistance genes such as gyrA, parC, ermC, lmrS, aac(6')-aph(2"), dfrG, tetK, and various beta-lactamases.

The study identified several AMR genes in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from LTCF residents, including bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-14, bla TEM-1B, bla IMP-1, and others, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in ESBL-producing E. coli from Nile perch and water samples in Lake Victoria, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1B, aadA2, aac(3)-IId, sul1, sul2, dfrA12, qepA4, tetB, tetD, mphA, mdfA, catA1, strA, strB, nfaE, iss, vat, and lpfA.

The study identified various AMR genes in CTX-M-producing E. coli isolates from peri-urban wild animals in Brazil, including bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-2, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-14, and others, indicating the presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in wildlife.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from pregnant women in low-income countries, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains and the role of environmental factors in their carriage.

The study identified CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli strains isolated from blue mussels in Norway, highlighting the potential for mobility of these resistance genes.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in MDR E. coli strains from captive wild animals, highlighting the presence of CTX-M-8 and CTX-M-65 beta-lactamases, along with various other resistance mechanisms such as aminoglycoside, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolone resistance genes, as well as mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions.

The study identified various AMR genes in multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates, including beta-lactamases (blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-27, blaCTX-M-55, blaOXA-1, blaCMY-2, blaOXA, blaCMY), phenicol resistance genes (catB3, cmlA1, floR, catA1, catA2, oqxA, oqxB), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(6')-Ib-cr5, aac(6')-Ib-cr, oqxA2, qepA1, qnrS1), sulfonamide and trimethoprim resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA12, dfrA7), and tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B), tet(M)).

The study identified two transferrable ARGs, Erm(T) and tcr3, which conferred resistance to macrolide and tetracycline, respectively, in weaned piglets exposed to low-dose antibiotics.

The study identifies various antibiotic resistance genes in commensal E. coli isolates, highlighting the prevalence of resistance genes on F plasmids and the role of mobile genetic elements in their dissemination.

The study identifies a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain carrying several AMR genes, including blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1B, blaSHV-27, aac(3)-IId, aadA1, sul2, tetB, tetD, fosA-like, oqxA, oqxB, and qnrE1, highlighting the potential of native Amazonian fish as reservoirs of clinically relevant AMR genes.

The study identified 13 resistance genes, including beta-lactamases (blaOXA-1, blaTEM-1, blaNDM-1), aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (aphA6, aac(3)-IId, aac(2')-Ia, aac(6')-Ib-cr5), sulfonamide resistance (sul1), chloramphenicol resistance (catB3, catA3), rifampicin resistance (arr3), bleomycin resistance (ble), and tetracycline resistance (tet(B)) in NDM-1-producing Providencia stuartii strains.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in a multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Agona isolate from a silver gull, including bla CTX-M-55, dfrA14, sul3, qnrS1, tet(A), bla TEM-1, and others, indicating the acquisition of multidrug resistance plasmids.

The study identifies the blaCTX-M-15 gene as a major contributor to cephalosporin resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from Malawi, along with other AMR genes such as aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IId, aadA5, ant(3'')-Ih, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(3')-Ia, aph(6)-Id, strA, strB, acrF, emrD, mdtM, blaTEM-1, catA1, catB3, dfrA17, sul2, mph(A), and tet(A).

The study identified various AMR genes in E. coli isolates from bloodstream infections, including genes conferring resistance to beta-lactams, macrolides, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim. Additionally, mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA, parC, and parE were associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

The study identifies the disruption of lpxA, mlaD, and pldA genes by IS Ajo2 and IS Aba13 insertions in colistin-dependent A. baumannii, leading to lipid A deficiency and colistin dependence.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in bacterial isolates from chronic non-healing wounds, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, macrolide resistance genes, and others. These genes were found in various bacterial species such as E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and others.

The study identifies a large multidrug-resistant plasmid in Acinetobacter baumannii AC1633 and Acinetobacter nosocomialis AC1530 carrying the NDM-1 and OXA-58 carbapenemases, along with other resistance genes such as aac(3)-IId, aph(6)-Id, aph(3")-Ib, sul2, msrE, mphE, and tetA(39).

The study identifies epidemic HI2 plasmids harboring the carbapenemase gene bla(IMP-4) in multiple sublineages of Escherichia coli ST216 isolated from Australian silver gulls, highlighting the role of these plasmids in disseminating antibiotic resistance genes.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from chronic wounds in Ghana, including beta-lactamases, fosfomycin resistance genes, chloramphenicol resistance genes, aminoglycoside resistance genes, fluoroquinolone resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, sulfonamide resistance genes, trimethoprim resistance genes, and efflux pumps. Mutations in gyrA, parE, and parC were also found to contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identifies various ESBL and AmpC beta-lactamase genes, including bla SHV-12, bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-2, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-52, and bla CMY-2, along with the mcr-1 gene conferring colistin resistance in E. coli isolates from food animals in Europe.

The study identified armA and multiple aminoglycoside resistance genes (AMEs) on a conjugative IncHI5 plasmid in a high-level aminoglycoside-resistant Klebsiella variicola isolate. The plasmid p2757-346 carried two copies of armA along with six AME genes, highlighting the potential for dissemination of these resistance determinants.

The study identified several AMR genes in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains from Vietnam, including bla OXA-51-like, bla OXA-23, bla TEM-1, and others, highlighting the widespread resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and other antibiotics.

The study identifies 20 top-ranked genetic determinants associated with antibiotic resistance in E. coli, including genes involved in cell wall metabolism, energy metabolism, and iron metabolism, using a combination of machine learning and genome-scale metabolic models.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in high-level ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella Enterica serovar Kentucky ST198 strains isolated from humans in Poland, including blaTEM-1B, qnrS1, aac(3)-Id, aac(3)-IId, aac(6')-Iaa, aac(6')-Iid, aph(3")-Ib, aph(3")-Id, aadA1, sul1, dfrA1, and tetA, along with mutations in gyrA and parC that confer resistance to quinolones and beta-lactams.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella serovars Derby and Rissen from Vietnam, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains along the pig value chain.

The study identified several aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, including aac(3)-VIa, aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-Id, aac(3)-IVa, aac(3)-IIa, ant(2′′)-Ia, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, aadA2, aadA7, aadA1, ant(3′′)-Ia, aac(6′)-Ib3, and rmtB, as key contributors to gentamicin resistance in Salmonella isolates from both human and chicken sources in Canada.

The study identified 17 unique AMR genes in 53% of the 81 S. enterica isolates, including genes encoding resistance to tetracycline, beta-lactam, sulfonamide, quinolone, aminoglycoside, phenicol, and trimethoprim.

The study identifies and characterizes various AMR genes, including blaCTX-M-55, rmtB, oqxAB, blaTEM-1b, floR, tet(A), strA, strB, sul1, sul2, aac(3)-IId, aadA2, dfrA12, and aph(3′)-IIa, in a multidrug-resistant E. coli strain. These genes contribute to resistance against multiple antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and trimethoprim.

The study reports a pandrug-resistant Acinetobacter pittii isolate (17-84) carrying multiple resistance genes including blaOXA-58, blaPER-1, aph(3')-VIb, aac(3')-IId, sul2, msr(E), and mph(E), along with mutations in gyrA, gyrB, parC, and pmrC contributing to resistance against various antibiotics.

The study characterizes a carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strain that harbors a conjugative virulence plasmid and a bla KPC–2-bearing plasmid. The virulence plasmid contains multiple resistance genes, including bla KPC–2, qnrB4, bla DHA–1, sul1, msr(E), mph(E), bla TEM–1B, aac(3)-IId, bla SHV–12, mph(A), bla CTX–M–65, bla TEM–1B, fosA3, and rmtB. The study also shows that these plasmids can be transferred to other bacterial strains, contributing to the spread of multidrug-resistant and hypervirulent K. pneumoniae.

The study identified bla OXA-23 as the primary cause of carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Afghanistan, along with various other resistance genes for sulfonamides, macrolides, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides.

The study identifies various carbapenemase genes, including bla KPC-2, bla OXA-48, bla VIM-1, bla NDM-5, bla OXA-162, and bla KPC-3, in Citrobacter spp. isolates, highlighting their role in carbapenem resistance.

The study characterizes the first recognized outbreak of NDM-1-producing K. pneumoniae in Portugal, highlighting the introduction of a new ST11 KL105 strain carrying blaNDM-1 in a unique genetic context. Several antibiotic resistance genes, including blaNDM-1, blaCTX-M-15, and others, were identified, along with chromosomal mutations conferring reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and fosfomycin.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in E. coli strains from the urogenital microbiome of healthy women, including blaTEM-30, tet(A), aac(3)-IId, sul1, dfrA12, and a gyrA mutation (S83L) conferring resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified several AMR genes including blaOXA-232, blaNDM-1, blaNDM-5, blaCTX-M-15, blaSHV-1, blaTEM-1B, aac(6')-Ib, aadA2, aph(3')-Ic, aacA4, rmtf, fosA6, fosA5, and uhpT in XDR and PDR Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as carbapenems, cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides. The study also highlighted the effectiveness of fosfomycin in combination with meropenem and amikacin against these resistant strains.

The study identifies bla NDM-5 producing Escherichia coli in Tanzania, highlighting the presence of carbapenem resistance and other resistance genes on various plasmids.

The study identified multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from surface water in north-western Mexico, including international high-risk lineages ST410 and ST617. These isolates carried various AMR genes such as blaTEM-1B, blaCTX-M-15, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IId, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, floR, cmlA1, lnu(F), mdf(A), sul2, sul3, tet(A), tet(B), dfrA12, and dfrA17. Additionally, mutations in gyrA (S83L, D87N), parC (S80I), and parE (S458A) were found to contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in P. aeruginosa isolates from Kenya, including carbapenemases (blaNDM-1, blaVIM-6), fluoroquinolone resistance genes (qnrVC1, crpP), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IId, aph(3')-Ib, ant(3'')-Ia), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetG), phenicol resistance genes (floR, cmlA), sulfonamide resistance gene (sul), trimethoprim resistance gene (dfrB), glycopeptide resistance gene (ble), and macrolide resistance gene (EreA). Additionally, mutations in gyrA and parC were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from wild meso-mammals and environmental sources, including blaTEM-1, tet(A), tet(B), sul1, sul2, aph(3”)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, blaCMY-2, qnrS1, and floR. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, and quinolones.

The study identified several AMR genes in bla NDM-1 -harboring CREC isolates, including bla NDM-1, aac(3)-IId, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA5, aadA16, aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrB6, ARR-3, dfrA17, dfrA27, sul1, sul2, tet(A), mph(A), bla TEM-1C, bla TEM-57, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, and bla CMY-2. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics, including carbapenems, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, rifampicin, trimethoprim, sulfonamides, tetracycline, and macrolides.

The paper characterizes Escherichia coli ST1193 as an emerging multidrug-resistant clone with various AMR determinants, including beta-lactamases (bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-55, bla OXA-1, bla TEM-1, bla CMY-42, bla CMY-2), aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IId, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aph(3′′)-Ib, aph(6)-Id), and other resistance genes (mcr-1, mph(A), erm(B), dfrA8, dfrA12, dfrA17, sul1, sul2, tetA, tetB).

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream isolates, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant and hypervirulent strains in the United States.

The study identified four variants of bla CTX-M (CTX-M-15, CTX-M-55, CTX-M-64, and CTX-M-65) in extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli from livestock and in-contact humans in Southeast Nigeria. Other AMR genes such as bla TEM-1b, aac 3-IId, qnr S1, and sul 2 were also characterized.

The study identified bla CMY-2, bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-15, and bla OXA-1 genes in ESBL- and AmpC-producing E. coli isolates from New Zealand dairy farms, highlighting the presence of plasmid-mediated resistance mechanisms.

The study identified several AMR genes in multi-drug resistant E. coli isolates, including bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-65, bla OXA-1, bla OXA-2, bla CMY-2, bla NDM-1, bla NDM-5, aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-IIe, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aad A5, ant(2′′)-Ia, aph(3′′)-Ib, aph(3′′)-VI, aph(6)-Id, ermB, ermD, fosA3, fosA7, mdtM, emrD, sul1, sul2, sul3, tetA, tetB, tetM, dfrA1, dfrA7, dfrA8, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17, dfrA82, dfrB4, qepA, qepA1, qepA2, qepA4, qnrB19, qnrS1, qacE, catA1, catA2, catB3, cmlA1, mphA.

The study identified multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium ST313 in urban rats in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo, highlighting their potential role as reservoirs of invasive Salmonella. The resistant isolates carried genes such as blaTEM-1, strA, strB, ant(3')-Ia, aac(3')-IId, sul1, sul2, dfrA1, tetB, and catA10, conferring resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes in clinical multidrug-resistant Proteus isolates, including bla CTX-M-65, bla OXA-1, bla KPC-2, bla NDM-1, and others, highlighting the genetic diversity of mobile genetic elements carrying resistance genes.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, including bla NDM-1, bla OXA-48, and various aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, as well as mutations in mgrB, gyrA, parC, and porin genes associated with colistin and fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified several aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, including aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-VIa, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, aac(3)-IVa, ant(2″)-Ia, aadA5, aadA1, aadA2, aph(3″)-Ib, and strA, as key contributors to gentamicin and spectinomycin resistance in Escherichia coli from human and chicken sources in Canada.

The study identifies various AMR genes in ESBL and/or AmpC-producing E. coli from small and medium pig farms in Thailand, highlighting the co-occurrence of resistance genes conferring resistance to critically important antimicrobials.

The study identifies a novel KPC variant, KPC-112, which confers resistance to ceftazidime-avibactam. Additionally, various other resistance genes and mutations were characterized, contributing to multidrug resistance in the isolate.

The study identified ESBL-producing E. coli in river water in northern Thailand, with bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-14, and bla CTX-M-27 being the most prevalent beta-lactamase genes. Additionally, mcr-1.1 and mcr-3.4 genes were found to confer resistance to colistin. Various other resistance genes were also characterized, including aac(3)-IId, aadA5, ant(3″)-Ia, aph(3″)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, qnrS1, mdf(A), erm(B), mph(A), floR, sul2, sul3, tet(A), tet(X), tet(M), dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17, cmlA1, catA2, lnu(F), and erm(42).

The study identifies multiple AMR genes, including bla OXA-181, bla TEM-1B, aac (3)-IId, aad A2, cml A1, dfr A12, mef (B), sul 3, tet (A), tet (M), incX3, incX1, incFII, qnr S1, aph (3″)-Ib, aph (6)-Id, flo R, lnu (F), sul 2, sul 3, tet (B), mph (A), mph (G), qnr B4, rmt B, and fos A3, in OXA-181-producing E. coli isolates from pigs and bovines in Italy. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics, including carbapenems, cephalosporins, penicillins, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, macrolides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and fosfomycin.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes, including bla OXA-181, bla TEM-1B, aac (3)-IId, aad A2, cml A1, dfr A12, mef (B), sul 3, tet (A), tet (M), incX3, incX1, incFII, qnr S1, aph (3″)-Ib, aph (6)-Id, flo R, lnu (F), sul 2, sul 3, tet (B), mph (A), mph (G), qnr B4, rmt B, and fos A3, in OXA-181-producing E. coli isolates from pigs and bovines in Italy. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics, including carbapenems, cephalosporins, penicillins, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, macrolides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and fosfomycin.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Heidelberg, including bla CMY-2, bla TEM-1A, bla TEM-1B, bla TEM-214, mcr -9, and others, highlighting the prevalence of resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and other antimicrobial agents.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Heidelberg, including bla CMY-2, bla TEM-1A, bla TEM-1B, bla TEM-214, mcr -9, and others, highlighting the prevalence of resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and other antimicrobial agents.

The study identifies a diverse array of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes across various plasmid replicon types in enteric pathogens, highlighting the prevalence of resistance genes in plasmids such as IncHI2, IncN, IncA/C, IncP, IncHI1, and IncFIA. Key AMR genes include aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-IIg, aac(6')-Ib3, aadA1, aadA5, aph(3'')-Ib, bla CMY-2, bla CTX-M-27, bla NDM-1, mcr-9.1, and others, which confer resistance to antibiotics such as gentamicin, cephalosporins, carbapenems, colistin, and tetracycline.

The study identified bla KPC-2 and bla NDM-5 as the main carbapenem resistance genes in carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CREC) isolates. Additionally, various other resistance genes were detected, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (CTX-M-14, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-27, CTX-M-3, OXA-1, OXA-10, TEM-1), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-Iva, aac(6′)-Ib-AKT, aac(6′)-Ib-D181Y, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aph(3″)-Ib, aph(3′)-Ia, aph(4)-Ia, aph(6)-Id), quinolone resistance genes (qnrS1, qnrS2), tetracycline resistance genes (oqxA10, oqxB17), fosfomycin resistance gene (fosA3), and chloramphenicol resistance genes (cmlA1, cmlA5).

Extensively drug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky ST198 isolates from chicken meat products in Xuancheng, China, were characterized. These isolates carried multiple resistance genes, including bla CTX-M-55, bla TEM-1B, aac(3)-IId, aadA17, rmtB, tet(A), floR, lnu(F), arr-2, qnrS1, sul1, mph(A), and fosA3, and mutations in gyrA (S83F, D87N) and parC (S80I), leading to resistance against several antimicrobial agents.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from chicken meat, including aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, quinolone, tetracycline, sulfonamide, and phenicol resistance genes. These genes were detected using whole genome sequencing and correlated with phenotypic resistance profiles.

The study identified blaOXA-23 and blaNDM-1 as the most common carbapenem resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Nigerian hospitals, along with several other AMR genes and mutations contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study identified multiple AMR genes, including aac(6')-IIa, aac(6')-Ib4, aac(6')-Ib7, aac(6')-Ib9, aac(6')-Ib10, aac(3)-IId, aadA, aadA2, aadA3, aadA7, aadA13, bla OXA-50-Like, bla OXA-1-Like, bla OXA-10-Like, bla OXA-21-Like, bla VIM-2, bla IMP-9, bla IMP-45, bla KPC-2, bla CTX-M-13, bla CARB-1, bla CARB-3, qnrVC1, qnrVC6, bla PDC-3, and bla PDC-5, in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Guangdong, China, highlighting the high prevalence of multidrug-resistant and carbapenem-resistant strains.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates, including bla CTX-M-14, qnrS1, mcr-1.1, and others, highlighting the role of plasmids in the transfer of resistance genes between species.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in porcine ETEC/STEC strains, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-1A, blaTEM-1B, blaTEM-106), polymyxin resistance genes (mcr-1.1, mcr-2.1, mcr-5.1), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-IV, aac(3)-IVa, aph(3')-Ia, aadA1, aadA10, aadA12), florfenicol resistance gene (floR), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B)), quinolone resistance gene (qnrS1), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance genes (dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA36).

The study identified bla CTX-M-15 and bla TEM-1b as the primary genes responsible for third-generation cephalosporin resistance in E. coli isolates from European soldiers in Mali. Additionally, several quinolone resistance genes including qnrS1, gyrA S83L, gyrA D87N, parE S458T, parE S458A, and parC S80I were found. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance was mediated by sul1, sul2, dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA14, and dfrA17. Gentamicin resistance was associated with aph6-Id, aph3-Ib, aac3-IId, aadA5, and aac6-Ib-cr5. Tetracycline resistance was conferred by tetA, tetB, and tetD.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Shigella isolates from Taiyuan City, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-1, blaOXA-1, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-55), quinolone resistance genes (qnrS1), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IId), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB), macrolide resistance genes (mphA, ermB), and chloramphenicol resistance gene (catI). Mutations in gyrA and parC were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identifies several AMR genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-1, bla GES-5, bla OXA-244, qnrS1, qnrB4, aac(3)-IId, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, catA1, cmlA1, and bla TEM-1, which confer resistance to various antibiotics in multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from hospital and environmental sources.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in E. coli isolates from Australian urine samples, including blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-14, blaTEM-28, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA17, dfrA5, dfrA1, dfrB4, tetA, tetB, mphA, cmlA1, cmlA5, catB3, sat2, qnrD1, fosA7, aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-IIe, aph(3')-IIa, aph(6)-Id, ant(3'')-IIa, intI1, and intI2. These genes were associated with resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, tetracycline, macrolides, chloramphenicol, streptothricin, quinolones, fosfomycin, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified beta-lactamase genes (blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M-55, blaCTX-M-27), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetC), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IId, aadA5, ant(3")-Ia, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3")-lb, aph(6)-ld), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), amphenicol resistance gene (floR), trimethoprim resistance genes (dfrA1, dfrA17), and MLS resistance genes (Inu(F), erm(B), mph(A)) in E. coli isolates from coyotes and wild hogs. Additionally, chromosomal mutations in ampC, gyrA, parC, and parE were found to confer resistance to beta-lactam and quinolone antibiotics.

The study reports a case of fatal neonatal meningoencephalitis caused by a multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli serotype O75. The isolate was resistant to various antibiotics except cefoperazone/sulbactam and imipenem, highlighting the challenges in treating neonatal bacterial infections with multidrug-resistant strains.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes in the E. coli ST167 isolate ECO3183, including bla_NDM-5, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3")-Ib, aac(3)-IId, sul1, sul2, dfrA27, tet(A), floR, mph(A), and arr-3, which contribute to its multidrug-resistant phenotype. Additionally, a chromosomal gyrA mutation (p.S83L) was associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified multidrug-resistant, hydrogen sulfide-producing variants of Escherichia coli from Bangladesh, highlighting the presence of various AMR genes such as bla TEM1B, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-65, bla CTX-M-123, aadA1, aadA2, aph (3')-Ia, aph (3'')-Ib, aph (6)-Id, tet(A), tet(M), sul3, sul2, dfrA12, mph(A), floR, cmlA1, qacL, and qnrS1.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky ST198.2-2, including blaCTX-M-14b, blaCTX-M-55, blaTEM-1B, aadA7, aph(3')-Ia, aac(3)-IId, rmtB, tet(A), sul1, dfrA14, floR, lnu(F), mph(A), arr-2, and fosA3, which confer resistance to various antibiotics. Mutations in gyrA and parC also contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in extraintestinal E. coli populations from broilers treated with enrofloxacin. Key findings include the presence of qnrB19 and qnrS1 genes, which confer fluoroquinolone resistance, and mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE genes associated with fluoroquinolone resistance. Additionally, multiple other AMR genes were detected, indicating multidrug resistance.

The study identifies multiple acquired antibiotic resistance genes in the Pseudomonas fluorescens strain GXZC, including those conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides. The strain exhibits multidrug resistance and poses a risk in boar semen preservation.

The study reports the first mcr-1 positive multidrug-resistant E. coli strain isolated from pigs in Croatia. The strain was resistant to colistin, gentamicin, ampicillin, cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, and ciprofloxacin. The mcr-1 gene was located on an IncX4 plasmid, along with other resistance genes such as bla TEM-1B, bla CTX-M-1, aac(3)-IId, aph(3’)-Ia, aadA5, sul2, and catA1. Mutations in gyrA (S83L, D87N) and parC (A56T, S80I) were also identified, contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified a pandrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain (Kp196) with a complex resistome comprising numerous acquired and intrinsic resistance mechanisms, including multiple beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, quinolone resistance proteins, and mutations in genes involved in colistin, tigecycline, and fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes carried on IncF plasmids in MDR ExPEC strains, including bla TEM-1, aac(3)-IId, tet(A), aph(6)-Id, aph(3')-Ib, mphA, sul1, sul2, aadA5, dfrA17, strAB, qacEdelta1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, catB3, bla OXA-1, bla CTX-M-27, and aac(6')-Ib-cr5. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified several β-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-55, bla SHV12, bla CMY-2, bla TEM-1B, bla TEM-106, and bla TEM-126, which confer resistance to various β-lactam antibiotics. Other resistance genes such as aac(6′)-Ib-cr, qnrS1, tet(A), tet(B), tet(M), aadA5, aadA2b, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA17, dfrA5, dfrA14, dfrA12, mph(A), cmlA1, catA2, aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IId, and lnu(F) were also characterized, providing insights into the multidrug resistance profiles of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from clams in the Central Adriatic.

The study identifies a unique IncN[pMLST15] plasmid variant harboring a novel non-transposable element (NTE KPC-Y) that carries the bla KPC-2 gene along with other antibiotic resistance genes, contributing to the widespread transmission of KPC-2 carbapenemase in Germany.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in bacterial positive blood cultures using nanopore sequencing, demonstrating the effectiveness of this method in detecting resistance mechanisms and pathogens quickly.

The study identifies blaIMP-4 and blaIMP-26 as carbapenemase genes responsible for carbapenem resistance in Enterobacterales. Additionally, various other AMR genes such as aac(6')-lb3, armAC, aph(3'')-lb, aph(6)-ld, aadA5, aac(6')-llc, aac(3)-IId, dfrA19, dfrA1, sul1, tet(D), tet(A), qnrS1, qnrB4, msr(E), mph(E), ere(A), mph(A), mcr-9, and ARR-3 were characterized for their roles in resistance to different antibiotics.

The study found no significant increase in clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance gene burden in critically ill children treated with SDD-enhanced infection control compared to standard care.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations in ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from a rural environmental water body in India, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains with genes such as bla VEB-6, bla SHV-12, bla NDM-1, bla CTX-M, and mcr-9, along with mutations in ompK 36 and gyrA.

The study identified three bla CTX-M variants (bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, and bla CTX-M-65) and a broad resistome in ESBL-producing E. coli strains isolated from non-human primates in the Peruvian Amazon.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis isolates from humans and animals in Spain, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains and the role of plasmids in the dissemination of resistance mechanisms.

The study identifies blaKPC-2 as a key gene in carbapenem resistance among CRKP isolates, along with other resistance genes such as rmtB, APH(3')-Ia, and QnrB4. It also highlights the prevalence of ST11-KL47-OL101 clones and the role of plasmid pKpnR03_2 in the spread of resistance.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in carbapenem-resistant and ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from Australian wastewater, highlighting the presence of resistance mechanisms such as bla NDM-5, bla CMY-42, and mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE.

The study identified 31 AMR genes in 97 Salmonella enterica isolates from poultry, including aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-IVa, aac(3)-VIa, aac(6′)-Ib4, ant(2′′)-Ia, grdA, aph(3′)-Ia, aph(3′)-IIa, aadA1, aadA2, aadA7, aadA13, aph(3′)-Ib, aph(6)-Ic, aph(6)-Id, aph(4)-Ia, blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M-1, blaHER-3, blaTEM-1, floR, tetA, tetB, tetC, dfrA12, sul1, sul2, fosA7, qnrB19, ble, and mcr-9.

The study characterizes three ciprofloxacin-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky ST198 strains from a single patient with inflammatory bowel disease, highlighting their multidrug-resistant profile and potential epidemiological links to strains from chicken meat.

The study characterizes IncK-bla(CMY-2) plasmids in extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant E. coli isolates from poultry and humans in Denmark, Finland, and Germany, identifying multiple resistance genes including bla(CMY-2), aadA1, aac(3)-Vla, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aac(3)-IId, aadA5, aph(3′)-Ia, sul1, sul2, tet(A), tet(B), and bla TEM-1B.

The study identifies three mechanisms (tandem amplification, increased plasmid copy number, and transposition of resistance genes) that generate gene copy number variation and transient antibiotic heteroresistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli.

The study identified several carbapenem-resistant genes, including bla OXA-23, bla OXA-66, bla NDM-1, bla OXA-50, bla OXA-395, bla NDM-7, and bla NDM-5, in various bacterial species in Fiji.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from patients and the hospital environment, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1B, bla OXA-1, and various aminoglycoside, macrolide, tetracycline, sulfonamide, and trimethoprim resistance genes. Additionally, PMQR genes like qnrS1, qnrB19, qnrB4, and qepA4 were detected, contributing to quinolone resistance.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in a carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli ST410 isolate, including blaTEM-1B, blaCTX-M-15, blaNDM-5, armA, aac(3)-IId, and gyrA mutations (p.S83L and p.D87N), which confer resistance to beta-lactams, cephalosporins, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones.

The study identified a carbapenem-resistant and hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strain (CR-HVKP) carrying various resistance genes including bla KPC-2, bla SHV-145, bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M-3, fosA6, oqxA5, oqxB26, and aac(3)-IId. This strain also exhibited high virulence characteristics such as biofilm formation and serum resistance.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in pan-drug resistant Proteus mirabilis isolates, including genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and others. These genes were found on the chromosome and contributed to the isolates' resistance to various antibiotic classes.

The study identifies several AMR genes, including aadA7, aac(6')-II, aac(3)-iid, aadD, tetA, tetM, tetX, and sul2, in Arthrobacter sp. D2, which are involved in resistance to aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides. These genes were experimentally validated using high-throughput qPCR analysis.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in the E. coli APEC 36 strain, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, fluoroquinolone resistance genes, and efflux pumps, indicating a high level of multidrug resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes in Shigella isolates from Fujian Province, including beta-lactamases (bla TEM-1, bla OXA-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-64), macrolide resistance genes (mphA, ermB), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA, aph(3')-Ib, aac(3)-IId), chloramphenicol resistance gene (catA1), and sulfonamide/trimethoprim resistance genes (sul1, sul2, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17).

The study characterized the phenotypic and genotypic features of one IMP-8-producing and four NDM-1-producing plasmids in Acinetobacter spp. strains isolated in 2010, highlighting the presence of various resistance genes including blaIMP-8, blaNDM-1, aac(6')-Ib, aac(3)-IId, msr(E), mph(E), sul1, sul2, tet(39), and aph(3')-VI.

The study identified multiple ESBL and AmpC β-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-3, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-65, bla SHV-12, bla SHV-42, bla DHA-1, bla CMY-2, bla CMY-3, bla CMY-46, bla CMY-101, bla ACT-16, bla CMH-like, and bla MIR-9, along with other AMR genes such as mcr-1, qnrS1, aac(6')-Ib-cr5, and various tetracycline, aminoglycoside, sulfonamide, chloramphenicol, macrolide, lincosamide, and rifampicin resistance genes in Enterobacterales isolates from imported healthy reptiles.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in K. pneumoniae isolates from Armenia, highlighting the presence of XDR and MDR strains with resistance to various antibiotics, including carbapenems, aminoglycosides, and quinolones.

The study identified the predominance of the Global Clone 2 lineage of Acinetobacter baumannii in Terengganu, Malaysia, with a focus on the detection of various antimicrobial resistance genes, including bla OXA-23, bla ADC, bla NDM-1, and others, contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from Taihe Black-Boned Silky Fowl farms, including blaTEM, blaOXA-10, tetA, tetR, floR, cmlA, qnrS, strA, strB, aadA, aac(3)-IId, sul, and dfrA. These genes were associated with resistance to beta-lactams, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and sulfonamides.

MultiSeq-AMR is a rapid and modular nanopore amplicon-sequencing workflow that accurately detects bacterial and fungal species and a comprehensive set of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes from various infection sources. It exhibits high accuracy in identifying AMR genes, with 99.4% categorical agreement with whole-genome sequencing and 97.4% accuracy for AMR gene prediction in BACT/ALERT positive samples.

The study identifies bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-1, bla CMY-2, and bla DHA-1 as the most prevalent extended-spectrum β-lactamase genes in E. coli isolates from chickens and humans in Lombok, Indonesia. Additionally, the study characterizes a 200 kb IncHI1 plasmid carrying multiple resistance genes, including aac(3)-IId, aph(6)-Id, aph(3’’)-Ib, aadA17, mph(A), Inu(F), qnrS1, sul2, and dfrA14, contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study characterizes the presence of mcr-1.1, mcr-3.5, blaCTX-M-55, and tet(X4) genes in clinical isolates of Enterobacterales from Thailand, highlighting their role in multidrug resistance and the potential for horizontal gene transfer.

The study identifies the presence of mcr-1.1, bla TEM, bla CTX-M−15, bla CTX-M−55, and other resistance genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from the Jehai community in Malaysia, highlighting the co-occurrence of multiple antibiotic resistance mechanisms.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from household water in Ibadan, Nigeria, including blaTEM-1B, dfrA14, tetA, qnrS1, and mcr-1, highlighting the potential for horizontal gene transfer and the risk of AMR spread in the environment.

The study identifies the presence of multiple AMR genes, including blaKPC-2, aac(3)-IId, blaTEM-1, and blaCTX-M-15, in ST65 carbapenem-resistant and hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. It also characterizes virulence genes such as iucABCD-iutA, iroBCD-iroN, rmpA, and rmpA2. The research highlights the role of IncM2 plasmids in mobilizing non-conjugative virulence plasmids and the occurrence of IS 26-mediated plasmid fusion.

The study identifies various acquired antibiotic resistance genes in Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter spp. in the Western Balkans and Hungary, including beta-lactamases like bla VIM-2-like, bla NDM-1, bla OXA-23, and bla OXA-66, aminoglycoside resistance genes such as aacA4, aadA2, and aphA, sulfonamide resistance gene sul1, and others. These genes confer resistance to multiple antibiotics, highlighting the complexity of antimicrobial resistance in the region.

The study identified 30 different resistance determinants in 14 whole genome sequenced E. coli isolates from poultry farms in Abeokuta, Nigeria. These included genes such as blaTEM-1B, blaCARB-2, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, floR, sul1, sul2, tet(A), and tet(B), among others, which conferred resistance to various antimicrobial classes.

The study identifies a novel Acinetobacter species co-harboring chromosomal tet(X3) and plasmid-associated bla(NDM-1) genes, demonstrating resistance to multiple antibiotics including carbapenems and tetracyclines.

The study identified 50 acquired resistance genes and seven chromosomal-mediated gene mutations in Salmonella populations from Thai canal water, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains and the diversity of resistance mechanisms.

The study reports an outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Proteus mirabilis in a psychiatric hospital in Zagreb, Croatia, characterized by the presence of VIM-1 and VIM-4 carbapenemases, along with other resistance genes such as bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM, and aminoglycoside resistance genes.

The study identifies blaNDM-1 as a key determinant of carbapenem resistance in Proteus mirabilis isolates from China, along with other resistance genes such as blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-65, and blaTEM-1. It also characterizes the genomic context of blaNDM-1, including its integration into SGI1 and plasmid-borne elements.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in E. coli isolates from both humans and pets, including blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1B, and mutations in gyrA and parC. These findings highlight the presence of multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales in healthy individuals and their companion animals.

The study identifies the persistent dissemination of armA-carrying IncR plasmids among clinical and environmental bacterial populations in a Spanish veterinary hospital, highlighting the role of these plasmids in the spread of aminoglycoside resistance.

The study identified high levels of antimicrobial resistance in bacterial isolates from finfish aquaculture in Thailand, with particular emphasis on beta-lactam, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolone resistance in Gram-negative bacteria, and beta-lactam, macrolide, fluoroquinolone, and peptide resistance in Gram-positive bacteria. Unique resistance gene families, such as the SMR efflux pump and OXA beta-lactamase, were found in Aeromonas spp. and V. vulnificus.

The study characterizes carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex isolates, highlighting the roles of the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump over-expression and the bla NDM-1 carbapenemase in conferring resistance. Multiple resistance genes, including bla NDM-1, acrAB-tolC, and various beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, and sulfonamide resistance genes, were identified and validated.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in UPEC strains, including aac(3)-IId, AAC(6')-Ib-cr, APH(3')-Ib, APH(6')-Ib, sul2, dfrA17, tet(B), TEM-1, OXA-1, and SHV-12, which confer resistance to aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, tetracycline, and beta-lactams.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from human and animal hosts in Central China, highlighting the role of plasmid-borne resistance genes and genetic variations affecting virulence.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from environmental water samples, including bla NDM-5, bla CTX-M-27, bla DHA-1, and others, indicating the presence of carbapenem-resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in the Vietnamese VAC ecosystem.

The study identified bla TEM and bla CTX-M as the most common β-lactam resistance genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from broiler farms in the UAE, with bla CTX-M-55 and bla CTX-M-15 being the prevalent variants. Additionally, the mcr-1.1 gene was detected in 10.3% of isolates, indicating colistin resistance.

The study identified mcr-1.1-harboring multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from chicken in the UAE, highlighting the presence of various AMR genes and mutations contributing to resistance against multiple antibiotics, including colistin, beta-lactams, quinolones, and aminoglycosides.