Browse AMR Genes
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase AAC(3)-Ia
Overview
| Allele | Database | Papers | Drug Classes | Organisms | Countries | Years | Sequence Accession | Protein Accession |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AAC(3)-Ia | Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogReslit | 46 | GENTAMICIN, aminoglycosides +6 | Klebsiella pneumoniae +14 | Athens, Greece, Denmark, Iran, United States, Algeria, South Korea, China, Lebanon, Europe|Italy, Egypt, Italy, Arizona, USA, Sweden, Nigeria, Australia|USA|Romania|Austria, Netherlands, Thailand, Bangladesh, Germany, Central Greece, Manitoba, Canada, Terengganu, Malaysia|Malaysia, Kano, Nigeria|Nigeria | 1989, 1991, 1997, 2003, 2006, 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 | AF207065.1 | AAF68257.1 |
| aac(3)-Ia | ResFinder Database | 1 | ASTROMICIN, FORTIMICIN +1 | Plasmid R1033 | - | 1989 | X15852 | - |
| aac(3)-Ia-like | Reslit | 1 | gentamicin | Acinetobacter baumannii | Afghanistan | 2021 | PRJEB47537 | - |
| aac (3′)-Ia | Reslit | 1 | aminoglycosides | Klebsiella pneumoniae | Northern China | 2022 | - | - |
Molecular epidemiology of acquired-metallo-beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in Poland.
Characterization of two aminoglycoside-(3)-N-acetyltransferase genes and assay as epidemiological probes.
Occurrence of integron-associated resistance gene cassettes located on antibiotic resistance plasmids isolated from a wastewater treatment plant.
Aminoglycoside modifying enzymes.
The paper discusses various aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, particularly focusing on AAC(6')-Ib, AAC(6')-Ib-cr, and AAC(6')-Ib 11, which confer resistance to aminoglycosides like amikacin and gentamicin, and in some cases, quinolones.
Local dissemination of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clones in a Thai hospital.
Activity of plazomicin (ACHN-490) against MDR clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter spp. from Athens, Greece.
Plazomicin retained activity against all MDR isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Enterobacter spp., including those with ESBL, KPC, and VIM-MBL resistance mechanisms. Aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes such as aac(6')-Ib, aac(3')-Ia, and aac(3')-IIa were detected in some isolates but did not correlate with plazomicin resistance.
Comparative genomic analysis of rapid evolution of an extreme-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clone.
The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in the EDR A. baumannii 53264 strain, including aac(6')-Iaf, aac(3)-Ia, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-Ic, strA/aph(3'')-Ib, blaOXA-23, blaTEM-1, sul1, sul3, and tet(B). Additionally, mutations in ampC, gyrB, parC, and qseC contribute to resistance against various antibiotics.
On the evolution of Tn21-like multiresistance transposons: sequence analysis of the gene (aacC1) for gentamicin acetyltransferase-3-I(AAC(3)-I), another member of the Tn21-based expression cassette.
On the evolution of Tn21-like multiresistance transposons: sequence analysis of the gene (aacC1) for gentamicin acetyltransferase-3-I(AAC(3)-I), another member of the Tn21-based expression cassette.
On the evolution of Tn21-like multiresistance transposons: sequence analysis of the gene (aacC1) for gentamicin acetyltransferase-3-I(AAC(3)-I), another member of the Tn21-based expression cassette.
Study of aminoglycoside resistance genes in enterococcus and salmonella strains isolated from ilam and milad hospitals, iran.
The study identified aac(3)-Ia, aac(3)-IIa, and aac(6')-Ib genes as significant contributors to aminoglycoside resistance in Enterococcus isolates, whereas no aminoglycoside resistance genes were found in Salmonella isolates.
Whole-Genome Sequencing for Detecting Antimicrobial Resistance in Nontyphoidal Salmonella.
The study identified 65 unique resistance genes in nontyphoidal Salmonella, including bla CTX-M1 and bla SHV2a, which were first reported in retail meat isolates in the United States. The research highlights the effectiveness of whole-genome sequencing in detecting antimicrobial resistance genes and correlating them with phenotypic resistance.
Rapid Aminoglycoside NP Test for Rapid Detection of Multiple Aminoglycoside Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae.
The study presents a rapid colorimetric test for detecting multiple aminoglycoside resistance in Enterobacteriaceae, focusing on the identification of 16S rRNA methylases (armA, rmtB, rmtC, rmtF, rmtG, npmA) and aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (aac(3)-IV, aac(3)-Ia, aac(3)-V, aph(3')-I, aph(3')-Ib, ant(2'')).
A pan-genome-based machine learning approach for predicting antimicrobial resistance activities of the Escherichia coli strains.
The study identifies and characterizes several AMR genes in E. coli, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-1, blaOXA-1, blaCMY-2, ampC), aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (aac(3')-Ia, aac(3')-VI), dihydrofolate reductases (dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA12, dfrA15), quinolone resistance proteins (qnrB2, qnrB6, qnrS2), and others. These genes were validated through computational and wet lab methods, showing their roles in conferring resistance to various antibiotics.
Co-occurrence of carbapenemase encoding genes in Acinetobacter baumannii, a dream or reality?
The study demonstrates the co-occurrence of different carbapenemase encoding genes in single isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii, highlighting the presence of multiple clones within a single sample.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Acinetobacter spp. Panel Strains: A Cornerstone to Facilitate Antimicrobial Development.
The study characterized various AMR genes in Acinetobacter spp. including blaPER-1, blaTEM-1D, blaADC-31, blaOXA-82, aac(3')-Ia, aac(6')-Il, aph(3')-Ic, strAB, and others. Mutations in gyrA and parC were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance. Overexpression of efflux pumps like adeB and adeJ contributed to multidrug resistance.
An Outbreak of Carbapenem-Resistant and Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae in an Intensive Care Unit of a Major Teaching Hospital in Wenzhou, China.
The study identified carbapenem-resistant and hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates carrying bla KPC−2, aac(3')-Ia, aac(6')-Ib, ANT(3')-Ia, rmtB, rmtC, qnrB, qnrS, oqxA, bla SHV−11, bla CTX−M−2 group, bla CTX−M−9 group, bla TEM−1, bla CMY−2, and bla DHA genes, contributing to multidrug resistance.
Whole-Genome-Sequence-Based Characterization of Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Hospital Outbreak.
The study identified two extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clones carrying blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-72, which confer resistance to carbapenems. Additional resistance genes such as aac(3')-Ia, ant(3'')-Ia, aph(3')-VIa, strA, strB, armA, blaADC-73, blaADC-74, blaTEM-1D, mph(E), and msr(E) were also detected.
High-resolution characterisation of ESBL/pAmpC-producing Escherichia coli isolated from the broiler production pyramid.
The study identified multiple AMR genes, including bla CTX-M-55, bla CMY-2, bla CTX-M-1, bla SHV-12, sul2, aac(3)-Ia, aadA, strA, strB, tet(A), tet(B), dfrA14, floR, cmlA1, catA1, catB3, qnrS1, qnrS2, qnrB19, mph(A), mph(B), arr-3, and aac(6')Ib-cr, in ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli isolates from broiler production.
Efficacy of Acacia nilotica aqueous extract in treating biofilm-forming and multidrug resistant uropathogens isolated from patients with UTI syndrome.
The study identified several AMR genes including blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX, qnrS, aac(3)-Ia, and mexR in multidrug-resistant uropathogens. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, and piperacillin.
Diffusion and Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Aminoglycoside Resistance in an Italian Regional Cystic Fibrosis Centre.
The study identified aac(3)-Ia and ant(2")-Ia as important aminoglycoside resistance genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from a cystic fibrosis center, highlighting the role of these genes in resistance to gentamicin and tobramycin.
Bacterial Genome Wide Association Studies (bGWAS) and Transcriptomics Identifies Cryptic Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms in Acinetobacter baumannii.
The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Acinetobacter baumannii, including beta-lactamases like blaOXA-23, blaOXA-64, and blaOXA-235, as well as aminoglycoside resistance genes like aadA1 and AAC(3)-Ia. It also found a gyrA S82L mutation associated with quinolone resistance.
Colistin Dependence in Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Strain Is Associated with ISAjo2 and ISAba13 Insertions and Multiple Cellular Responses.
The study identifies the disruption of lpxA, mlaD, and pldA genes by IS Ajo2 and IS Aba13 insertions in colistin-dependent A. baumannii, leading to lipid A deficiency and colistin dependence.
Genomic Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance and Resistance Plasmids in Salmonella Serovars from Poultry in Nigeria.
The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella isolates from Nigerian poultry, including aac(6')-Ia, aac(6')-Ib, aadA7, aph(3")-Ia, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6')-Id, aph(6')-Ic, aac(3)-Ia, aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IVa, aac(6')-IIa, aac(3)-Id, sul1, sul2, sul3, tet(A), tet(M), qnrS1, qnrB19, blaTEM, dfrA14, dfrA15, dfrA17, catA1, cmlA1, and floR. Mutations in gyrA (Ser83Phe, Asp87Tyr) and parC (Thr57Ser, Ser80Ile) were also associated with resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin.
Full pathogen characterisation: species identification including the detection of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes via multiplex DNA-assays.
The study presents a DNA microarray-based assay for the simultaneous detection of 44 sepsis-relevant bacterial pathogens, 360 virulence factors, and 409 antibiotic resistance genes. The assay was evaluated with 14 multidrug-resistant strains, including all ESKAPE pathogens.
Rapid and Accurate Detection of Aminoglycoside-Modifying Enzymes and 16S rRNA Methyltransferases by Targeted Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.
The study developed a targeted LC-MS/MS assay for the rapid and accurate detection of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and 16S rRNA methyltransferases in E. coli and K. pneumoniae, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity for detecting resistance mechanisms to gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin.
Deciphering Multidrug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from a Pediatric Cancer Hospital in Egypt.
The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from a pediatric cancer hospital in Egypt, highlighting the presence of bla NDM, bla OXA-23-like, bla OXA-51-like, and other resistance genes, along with mutations in pmrA and lptF contributing to colistin resistance.
Colistin Resistance Onset Strategies and Genomic Mosaicism in Clinical Acinetobacter baumannii Lineages.
The study identifies various AMR genes and mutations associated with colistin resistance in clinical Acinetobacter baumannii strains, highlighting the genomic diversity and mosaicism in resistance mechanisms.
Molecular Epidemiology of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Strains Isolated at the German Military Field Laboratory in Mazar-e Sharif, Afghanistan.
The study identified bla OXA-23 as the primary cause of carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Afghanistan, along with various other resistance genes for sulfonamides, macrolides, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides.
Genetic Diversity of Antimicrobial Resistance and Key Virulence Features in Two Extensively Drug-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates.
The study identified various AMR genes in two extensively drug-resistant A. baumannii isolates, including aminoglycoside resistance genes, sulfonamide resistance genes, beta-lactamase genes, and efflux pump genes, highlighting the complexity of their resistance mechanisms.
Healthcare-associated infections caused by chlorhexidine-tolerant Serratia marcescens carrying a promiscuous IncHI2 multi-drug resistance plasmid in a veterinary hospital.
The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Serratia spp. isolates from hospitalized animals, highlighting the presence of a promiscuous IncHI2 plasmid carrying resistance genes against several high-importance antimicrobials.
Using Targeted Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry to Rapidly Detect β-Lactam, Aminoglycoside, and Fluoroquinolone Resistance Mechanisms in Blood Cultures Growing E. coli or K. pneumoniae.
The study developed and validated a targeted LC-MS/MS assay for the rapid detection of β-lactam, aminoglycoside, and fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms in blood cultures growing E. coli or K. pneumoniae. The assay successfully detected various resistance genes including β-lactamases (SHV, TEM, CTX-M-1-like, OXA-1, CMY-2-like, cAmpC, KPC, OXA-48, NDM, VIM), aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AAC(3)-Ia, AAC(3)-II, AAC(3)-IV, AAC(3)-VI, AAC(6′)-Ib, ANT(2′′)-I, APH(3′)-VI), 16S-RMTases (ArmA, RmtB, RmtC, RmtF), and quinolone resistance mechanisms (QnrA, QnrB, AAC(6′)-Ib-cr, and wildtype QRDR of GyrA).
Emergence and multi-lineages of carbapenemase-producing Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex from canine and feline origins.
The study identifies blaOXA-23 as a prevalent carbapenemase gene in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii-calcoaceticus complex isolates from dogs and cats in Thailand. Additionally, several tetracycline and aminoglycoside resistance genes, including tet(B), tet(39), strA, strB, aac(3)-Ia, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Im, aac(6')-Ib, ant(2'')-Ia, and aph(3')-VI, were detected.
Genomic landscape of prominent XDR Acinetobacter clonal complexes from Dhaka, Bangladesh.
The study identified multiple beta-lactamase genes, including bla OXA-23, bla OXA-66, bla NDM-1, and others, as well as aminoglycoside resistance genes such as aac(3)-Ia, aadA1, and dfrA1, which contribute to the extensive drug resistance in Acinetobacter strains from Bangladesh.
Molecular Epidemiology of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Tertiary Hospital in Northern China.
The study identified bla KPC-2, bla GES, bla NDM-1, and bla IMP as the main carbapenemase genes in CRKP isolates. Additionally, various ESBL genes, aminoglycoside resistance genes, and PMQR genes were detected.
Genomic Diversity, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Biofilm Formation of Clinical Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from Horses.
The study identified multiple AMR genes in equine Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, including beta-lactamases (bla OXA-51-like, bla ADC-25, bla TEM-1D), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2), chloramphenicol resistance genes (catA1, ABUW 0982), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B), tet(39)), and aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (aph(3′)-Ia, aph(3`)-Ic, aph(6)-Id, aac(3)-Ia). Additionally, eight novel OXA-51-like variants (OXA-970 to OXA-977) were characterized.
High Genetic Diversity of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates Recovered in Nigerian Hospitals in 2016 to 2020.
The study identified blaOXA-23 and blaNDM-1 as the most common carbapenem resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Nigerian hospitals, along with several other AMR genes and mutations contributing to multidrug resistance.
The Molecular Characterization of bla(NDM-1)-Positive Acinetobacter baumannii Isolated in Central Greece.
The study identifies multiple AMR genes in blaNDM-1-positive Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, sulfonamide resistance genes, macrolide resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, trimethoprim resistance genes, and quaternary ammonium resistance genes.
Bacterial diversity and resistome analysis of drinking water stored in cisterns from two First Nations communities in Manitoba, Canada.
The study identified a diverse array of antimicrobial resistance genes in drinking water stored in cisterns from two First Nations communities in Manitoba, Canada. Key findings include the presence of genes such as aac(3')-Ia, aac(6')-Iia, aac(6')-Iic, aph(3')-Ia, acrD, smeB, smeR, FEZ-1, rm3, SPG-1, OXA-21, OXA-119, OXA-205, dfrA14, dfrB6, acrB, acrF, adeF, ceoB, emrA, mexE, mexF, mexI, oprN, oqxB, BRP(MBL), vanSO, axyY, CRP, efrB, macB, mexB, mexC, mexD, mexK, mexQ, mexW, mexY, mtrA, muxB, muxC, oleB, oleC, ompB, oprM, smeD, smeE, golS, mdsB, PER-2, TEM-126, msbA, arnA, bacA, bcrA, MCR-5, rosA, rosB, rpoB2, ugd, mexN, taeA, efpA, rphA, rphB, otr(A), otrC, tetA(48 ), ompH, and triC, which confer resistance to various antibiotics including aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, cephalosporins, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, macrolides, monobactams, nitroimidazoles, peptides, phenicols, pleuromutilins, rifamycins, tetracyclines, and triclosan.
Neural network-based predictions of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii from whole genome sequencing and gene expression.
The study presents a deep neural network model capable of predicting antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii using whole genome sequencing and gene expression data. The model achieves high accuracy in predicting resistance to various antibiotics, including β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and carbapenems.
Genomic and virulent characterization of a duck-associated Salmonella serovar Potsdam from China.
The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in Salmonella serovar Potsdam isolated from duck embryos, including aac(3')-Ia, aac(4')-IIa, aph(3')-IIa, aph(3')'-Ib, aph(6')-Id, blaTEM-116, blaTEM-1B, and tet(A), as well as gyrA and parC mutations associated with quinolone resistance.
Whole-genome sequencing of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from a tertiary hospital in Terengganu, Malaysia (2011-2020), revealed the predominance of the Global Clone 2 lineage.
The study identified the predominance of the Global Clone 2 lineage of Acinetobacter baumannii in Terengganu, Malaysia, with a focus on the detection of various antimicrobial resistance genes, including bla OXA-23, bla ADC, bla NDM-1, and others, contributing to multidrug resistance.
Acinetobacter baumannii infection in critically ill patients with COVID-19 from Tehran, Iran: the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance patterns and molecular characteristics of isolates.
The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from COVID-19 patients, including aac(6')-Ib, aac(3)-Ia, ant(2")-Ia, aph(3')-Ia, blaTEM, blaNDM, blaOXA-23-like, and blaOXA-24-like. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics, highlighting the challenge of treating multidrug-resistant infections.
AmrProfiler: A Comprehensive Tool for Antimicrobial Resistance Gene Detection and Analysis
AmrProfiler identifies a wide range of AMR genes and mutations across multiple bacterial species, demonstrating high accuracy and broader species coverage compared to existing tools.
Local Genomic Epidemiology of Acinetobacter baumannii Circulating in Hospital and Non-hospital Environments in Kano, Northwest Nigeria.
The study identifies various AMR genes in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from hospital and non-hospital environments in Kano, Nigeria, including bla OXA-66, bla OXA-180, bla ADC-25, aadA1, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3'' )-Ib, aac(3)-Ia, aph(6)-Id, tetB, sul1, and sul2, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides.
Enzyme-mediated aminoglycoside resistance without target mimicry.
The study identifies AAC(3)-Ia and AAC(3)-XIa as aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes that do not use target mimicry, binding aminoglycosides in a non-canonical boat conformation. These enzymes confer resistance to several aminoglycosides, including gentamicin, sisomicin, and others.
Enzyme-mediated aminoglycoside resistance without target mimicry.
The study identifies AAC(3)-Ia and AAC(3)-XIa as aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes that do not use target mimicry, binding aminoglycosides in a non-canonical boat conformation. These enzymes confer resistance to several aminoglycosides, including gentamicin, sisomicin, and others.
The resistance and integrase genes of pACM1, a conjugative multiple-resistance plasmid, from Klebsiella oxytoca.
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