Browse AMR Genes
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase AAC(3)-Ii
Overview
| Allele | Database | Papers | Drug Classes | Organisms | Countries | Years | Sequence Accession | Protein Accession |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AAC(3)-Ii | Reference Gene CatalogResFinder DatabaseReslit | 44 | ASTROMICIN, FORTIMICIN +10 | Sphingopyxis alaskensis RB2256 +24 | Toronto, Canada|Vancouver, Canada|India, France, China, Europe, Tunisia, Scotland, Denmark|Spain|France|Netherlands, Switzerland, Korea, Portugal|Spain|France, Shanghai, China, India, Brazil, Iran, Netherlands|Greece|Romania, United States, Philippines, Egypt, Shandong Province|China, Netherlands, Portugal, Jordan, Iraq, Malawi, Bangladesh|Brazil|Greece|Italy|Kenya|South Africa|Thailand|Uganda|Vietnam, Nigeria | 2004, 2005, 2013, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 | CP000356.1 | ABF52347.1 |
| aac(3)-Ii | ResFinder Database | 1 | ASTROMICIN, FORTIMICIN +1 | Sphingopyxis alaskensis RB2256 | - | 2009 | CP000356 | - |
| aac ( 3 )- II | Reslit | 1 | aminoglycosides | Acinetobacter baumannii | Germany | 2013 | - | - |
| aac (3)-II | Reslit | 1 | gentamicin, tobramycin +1 | Escherichia coli +1 | - | 2014 | ADE18890.1|AAS46844.1|AEN02824.1|AEN02817.1|ACV88636.1|AEL87577.1|AEQ55231.1|ABQ14376.1|ADN79104.1|WP_010157942.1|ACI29961.1|AEQ39590.1|AAM22276.1|WP_019405145.1|AEW28787.1|ABY81267.1|AAF74292.1|AFU53026.1|ADE18896.1|AEN02826.1|YP_252228.1|WP_009348253.1|WP_017896153.1|WP_008157744.1|CAJ47138.2|ADU15837.1|AEK80394.1|ABS72351.1|AAP03063.1|AEG79634.1|ABG46354.1|AEZ49563.1|AEZ49551.1|ABG46356.1|ABW06480.1|AAB22638.1|BAD16611.1|YP_003717483.1|ABN09669.1|AAA25680.1|WP_006234103.1|AAS45464.1|WP_002304968.1|WP_001028140.1|WP_001028143.1|WP_010729367.1|AAX82584.1|WP_002417297.1|AFR11868.1|AFM29914.1|AAT77696.1|3SG8_A|3N4T_A|ACJ47203.1|ACA48663.14|AAA16194.1|WP_001642188.1 | - |
| aac(3')II | Reslit | 1 | gentamicin, tobramycin | Escherichia coli | Scotland | 2018 | PRJEB12513 | - |
Complete nucleotide sequence of a 92-kilobase plasmid harboring the CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase involved in an outbreak in long-term-care facilities in Toronto, Canada.
The study reports the complete nucleotide sequence of a 92-kilobase plasmid, pC15-1a, which harbors the CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, along with other resistance genes such as blaOXA-1, blaTEM-1, aac(6')-Ib, aac(3)-II, and tetA. These genes contribute to multidrug resistance in Escherichia coli strains associated with an outbreak in long-term-care facilities in Toronto, Canada.
Mechanisms of resistance in multiple-antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli strains of human, animal, and food origins.
Prolonged outbreak of infection due to TEM-21-producing strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterobacteria in a nursing home.
The study identifies the TEM-21 beta-lactamase and aac(3)-II aminoglycoside acetyltransferase as the primary resistance mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacteriaceae isolates causing a prolonged outbreak in a nursing home.
The genomic basis of trophic strategy in marine bacteria.
A high throughput multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection of seven aminoglycoside-resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae.
The study developed a high-throughput GeXP assay for the simultaneous detection of seven aminoglycoside-resistance genes, including five aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and two 16S rRNA methyltransferases, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity.
DNA microarray for genotyping antibiotic resistance determinants in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates.
The study developed a DNA microarray for genotyping antibiotic resistance determinants in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates, identifying numerous resistance genes and mutations associated with carbapenem, aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, and other antibiotic resistances.
A degenerate PCR-based strategy as a means of identifying homologues of aminoglycoside and β-lactam resistance genes in the gut microbiota.
The study identified numerous aminoglycoside and β-lactam resistance gene homologues in the gut microbiota of healthy adults, indicating that the human gut microbiota serves as a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes even in the absence of recent antibiotic exposure.
In vivo selection of a multidrug-resistant Aeromonas salmonicida during medicinal leech therapy.
The study identifies 13 antibiotic resistance genes in a multidrug-resistant Aeromonas salmonicida strain, including the ESBL CTX-M-3, TEM-1, and the unusual β-lactamase SCO-1, along with other resistance mechanisms such as aminoglycoside modification, sulfonamide resistance, tetracycline efflux, and chloramphenicol acetylation.
Application of protein typing in molecular epidemiological investigation of nosocomial infection outbreak of aminoglycoside-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
The study identified five aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme (AME) genes, including aac(3)-II, aac(6′)-I, aac(6′)-II, ant(2″)-I, and ant(3″)-I, in aminoglycoside-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. These genes were detected using PCR and gel electrophoresis.
Detection of CTX-M-15 harboring Escherichia coli isolated from wild birds in Tunisia.
The study identifies CTX-M-15-harboring Escherichia coli in wild birds in Tunisia, highlighting the presence of multidrug resistance genes such as bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1b, tetA, qnrA1, qnrB1, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aac(3)-II, and sul3.
Genetic analysis of invasive Escherichia coli in Scotland reveals determinants of healthcare-associated versus community-acquired infections.
The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli isolates, including blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-9, aac(3)-II, aac(6')-Ib, aadA1, dfrA1, sul1, sul2, mphA, and mrxA, which contribute to resistance against various antibiotics such as third-generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, sulfonamides, and macrolides.
Genetic analysis of invasive Escherichia coli in Scotland reveals determinants of healthcare-associated versus community-acquired infections.
The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli isolates, including blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-9, aac(3)-II, aac(6')-Ib, aadA1, dfrA1, sul1, sul2, mphA, and mrxA, which contribute to resistance against various antibiotics such as third-generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, sulfonamides, and macrolides.
Prediction of the intestinal resistome by a three-dimensional structure-based method.
The study predicts 6,095 antibiotic resistance determinants (ARDs) in the human intestinal microbiota using a three-dimensional structure-based method called pairwise comparative modelling (PCM). Experimental validation of 71 predicted ARDs showed that they conferred resistance to various antibiotics, including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, quinolones, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, fosfomycin, and glycopeptides.
Population-based inference of aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms in Escherichia coli.
The study identifies and characterizes several aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms in E. coli, including aac(3)-II, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-Ia, and aac(3)-IId, demonstrating their roles in reducing susceptibility to aminoglycosides such as kanamycin, tobramycin, and amikacin.
Molecular characterization of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli from broiler chickens with colibacillosis.
The study identified several AMR genes in APEC isolates, including beta-lactamases (bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-15), aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (aac(3)-II), plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes (qnrA, qnrS), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul2), and chloramphenicol resistance genes (catA1, cmlA).
Putative Protein Biomarkers of Escherichia coli Antibiotic Multiresistance Identified by MALDI Mass Spectrometry.
The study identifies several AMR genes in E. coli isolates, including tet(A), tet(B), blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, sul1, sul2, sul3, cmlA, aac(3)-II, aac(3)-IV, aadA, and strA-strB, which confer resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, cefoxitin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and streptomycin.
A rapid and accurate method for the detection of four aminoglycoside modifying enzyme drug resistance gene in clinical strains of Escherichia coli by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction.
The study developed a multiplex PCR method for the detection of four aminoglycoside modifying enzyme resistance genes (Aac(6′)-Ib, Aac(3)-II, Ant(3″)-Ia, and Aph(3′)-Ia) in clinical strains of Escherichia coli.
Host dependent maintenance of a bla(NDM-1)-encoding plasmid in clinical Escherichia coli isolates.
The study characterizes a blaNDM-1-encoding plasmid in clinical E. coli isolates, highlighting its ability to transfer between different genetic backgrounds and its association with carbapenem resistance.
Genomic analyses of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Indiana, Typhimurium, and Enteritidis isolates using MinION and MiSeq sequencing technologies.
The study identified various AMR genes in multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates, including beta-lactamases (blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-27, blaCTX-M-55, blaOXA-1, blaCMY-2, blaOXA, blaCMY), phenicol resistance genes (catB3, cmlA1, floR, catA1, catA2, oqxA, oqxB), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(6')-Ib-cr5, aac(6')-Ib-cr, oqxA2, qepA1, qnrS1), sulfonamide and trimethoprim resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA12, dfrA7), and tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B), tet(M)).
Molecular characteristics of fluoroquinolone-resistant avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from broiler chickens.
The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in fluoroquinolone-resistant avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates, including qnrA, qnrS, blaCTX-1, blaCTX-15, blaTEM-1, aac(3)-II, tetA, sul1, sul2, and catA1, along with mutations in gyrA and parC that confer fluoroquinolone resistance.
Spectrum of Aminoglycoside Modifying Enzymes in Gram-Negative Bacteria Causing Human Infections.
The study identifies various aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (AMEs) in gram-negative bacteria causing human infections, including aac(6′)-lb, aac(3′)-I, aph(3′)-VI, aac(3′)-II, ant(2′)-I, ant(4′)-IIb, aph(2′)-Ib, aph(2′)-Ic, aph(2′)-Id, aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2′)-Ia, and aph(3′)-IIIa. These AMEs confer resistance to multiple aminoglycosides such as amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, and netilmicin.
Endophytic Lifestyle of Global Clones of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Priority Pathogens in Fresh Vegetables: a Trojan Horse Strategy Favoring Human Colonization?
The study identifies multiple AMR genes in endophytic ESBL-producing Enterobacterales isolated from fresh vegetables, highlighting their potential role in the spread of antibiotic resistance.
Rapid and Accurate Detection of Aminoglycoside-Modifying Enzymes and 16S rRNA Methyltransferases by Targeted Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.
The study developed a targeted LC-MS/MS assay for the rapid and accurate detection of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and 16S rRNA methyltransferases in E. coli and K. pneumoniae, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity for detecting resistance mechanisms to gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin.
Molecular survey of aminoglycoside-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolated from tertiary hospitals in Qazvin, Iran.
The study identified several aminoglycoside resistance genes, including aph(3')-VI, aac(6')-Ib, aac(3)-II, aph(3')-Ia, and armA, in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Qazvin, Iran. These genes were associated with high levels of resistance to aminoglycosides such as gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin.
Exploring antimicrobial resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones in E. coli and K. pneumoniae using proteogenomics.
The study identifies several beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, and efflux pumps involved in resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones in E. coli and K. pneumoniae using proteogenomics.
Comparative analysis of genetic characterization of β-lactam-resistant Escherichia coli from bulk tank milk in Korea.
The study identified blaOXA-1 and blaTEM-1 as the dominant β-lactamase genes in β-lactam-resistant E. coli isolates from bulk tank milk in Korea. Additionally, aac(6')-Ib, aac(3)-II, and aph(3'')-Ib were found to confer resistance to aminoglycosides.
Aminoglycoside-resistance gene signatures are predictive of aminoglycoside MICs for carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.
The study identifies aminoglycoside-resistance genes such as aac(6')-Ib, aac(6')-Ib', aac(3)-II, aac(3)-IV, ant(2'')-I, aph(3')-I, and rmtF as significant predictors of aminoglycoside MICs in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Comparison of antimicrobial resistance and molecular characterization of Escherichia coli isolates from layer breeder farms in Korea.
The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from layer breeder farms in Korea, including bla TEM-1, tetA, tetB, qnrB, qnrS, sul1, sul2, aac(3)-II, and aac(6')-Ib. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, tetracyclines, quinolones, sulfonamides, and aminoglycosides.
Genome Sequencing Identifies Previously Unrecognized Klebsiella pneumoniae Outbreaks in Neonatal Intensive Care Units in the Philippines.
The study identified several AMR genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla NDM-1, rmtC, aac(6')-Ib, aac(3)-II, aph(3′′)-Ib, oqxA, oqxB, qnrB1, qnrS1, sul1, sul2, and dfrA, which were associated with resistance to various antibiotics in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from the Philippines.
Gut Commensal Escherichia coli, a High-Risk Reservoir of Transferable Plasmid-Mediated Antimicrobial Resistance Traits.
The study identified multiple plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance genes in gut commensal Escherichia coli isolates from healthy individuals, highlighting the potential risk of these bacteria as reservoirs of resistance traits.
Epidemiological investigation on drug resistance of Salmonella isolates from duck breeding farms in Shandong Province and surrounding areas, China.
The study identified 12 types of antibiotic resistance genes in 110 Salmonella isolates from duck farms in Shandong Province, China, including beta-lactam, aminoglycoside, tetracycline, macrolide, and quinolone resistance genes. The most prevalent resistance genes were blaTEM, aac(6')-Ib-cr, and tetA. The study also found that class I integrons and plasmids play a significant role in the dissemination of these resistance genes.
Using Targeted Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry to Rapidly Detect β-Lactam, Aminoglycoside, and Fluoroquinolone Resistance Mechanisms in Blood Cultures Growing E. coli or K. pneumoniae.
The study developed and validated a targeted LC-MS/MS assay for the rapid detection of β-lactam, aminoglycoside, and fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms in blood cultures growing E. coli or K. pneumoniae. The assay successfully detected various resistance genes including β-lactamases (SHV, TEM, CTX-M-1-like, OXA-1, CMY-2-like, cAmpC, KPC, OXA-48, NDM, VIM), aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AAC(3)-Ia, AAC(3)-II, AAC(3)-IV, AAC(3)-VI, AAC(6′)-Ib, ANT(2′′)-I, APH(3′)-VI), 16S-RMTases (ArmA, RmtB, RmtC, RmtF), and quinolone resistance mechanisms (QnrA, QnrB, AAC(6′)-Ib-cr, and wildtype QRDR of GyrA).
Genomic epidemiological analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Portuguese hospitals reveals insights into circulating antimicrobial resistance.
The study identifies bla KPC-3 and bla CTX-M-15 as the primary carbapenem and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase resistance genes, respectively, in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Portugal. Other notable AMR genes include aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrB, aac(3)-II, APH(3')-I, ANT(3'')-I, and APH(6)-I, which contribute to resistance against fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides.
Artemisinin derivative DHA27 enhances the antibacterial effect of aminoglycosides against Pseudomonas aeruginosa by inhibiting mRNA expression of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes.
DHA27 enhances the antibacterial effect of aminoglycosides against Pseudomonas aeruginosa by inhibiting the mRNA expression of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, particularly aac(3)-II.
Extensive screening reveals previously undiscovered aminoglycoside resistance genes in human pathogens.
The study identifies numerous novel aminoglycoside resistance genes (AMEs) in human pathogens through extensive computational screening of bacterial genomes. Twenty-four out of twenty-eight experimentally tested AMEs conferred resistance to aminoglycosides in E. coli, with seventeen exceeding clinical breakpoints.
Determination of Antimicrobial Resistance and the Impact of Imipenem + Cilastatin Synergy with Tetracycline in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Sepsis.
The study identified several AMR genes in P. aeruginosa isolates, including aac(3)-II, aac(3)-III, blaOXA-48, blaSPM, blaIMP, blaNDM, blaPER, blaVIM, and oprD, which confer resistance to various antibiotics. These genes were detected using PCR and are associated with resistance mechanisms such as enzymatic modification and reduced antibiotic uptake.
Resistance to aminoglycoside and quinolone drugs among Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from northern Jordan.
The study identified several aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in K. pneumoniae isolates from northern Jordan, including aac(6')-Ib, aac(3')-II, ant(3")-I, aph(3')-VI, armA, rmtB, qnrS, qnrB, oqxAB, and aac(6')-Ib-cr. These genes were significantly associated with non-susceptibility to aminoglycosides, quinolones, and beta-lactams.
Relationship between antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors in uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from Ramadi, Iraq: phenotype and genotype identification.
The study identified blaTEM, aac(3)-II, sul2, fimH, and hlyA as the most prevalent genes in UPEC isolates, with strong correlations between aac(3)-II and gentamicin resistance, sul2 and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance, and fimH with antibiotic resistance.
Inter-plasmid transfer of antibiotic resistance genes accelerates antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens.
The study identifies numerous antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) that are transferred between plasmids, particularly beta-lactamases (bla TEM-1, bla NDM-4, bla KPC-2, bla SHV-1), aminoglycoside resistance gene aacC1, and colistin resistance gene mcr-1. These genes are shown to transfer between compatible plasmids in clinical pathogens, accelerating the spread of antibiotic resistance.
Activity of Epsilon-poly-L-lysine against Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates of Urinary Tract Infections.
The study identified various beta-lactamase genes, including blaSPM, blaKPC, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaOXA, blaTEM, blaPER, blaVIM, and blaVIM-2 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaKPC, blaNDM, and blaOXA in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Additionally, aac(3)-IV, aadA1, aac(3)-II, sul2, sul1, sul3, dfrA, cmlA, and tetA were found to confer resistance to aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, and tetracyclines.
Longitudinal analysis within one hospital in sub-Saharan Africa over 20Â years reveals repeated replacements of dominant clones of Klebsiella pneumoniae and stresses the importance to include temporal patterns for vaccine design considerations.
The study identifies the widespread presence of blaCTX-M-15, catA1, catA2, aac(6')-Ib, aac(3)-II, and aadB genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, contributing to resistance against beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, and aminoglycosides.
Assessment of three antibiotic combination regimens against Gram-negative bacteria causing neonatal sepsis in low- and middle-income countries.
The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in Gram-negative bacteria causing neonatal sepsis in LMICs, including ESBLs, carbapenemases, and aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, highlighting the high prevalence of multidrug resistance and the need for effective antibiotic combinations.
Unveiling the silent threat: A comprehensive review of Riemerella anatipestifer - From pathogenesis to drug resistance.
This review highlights the pathogenesis, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance genes of Riemerella anatipestifer, emphasizing its significance in poultry farming and the need for further research on its resistance mechanisms.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Nigeria: A Comprehensive Review of Environmental, Food, and Clinical Impacts
The study identifies several AMR genes, including bla CTX-M-15, floR, and various tetracycline and sulfonamide resistance genes, highlighting the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria in Nigeria's environment, food supply chain, and clinical settings.
A Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Caused the Death of the Chinese Soft-Shelled Turtle (Pelodiscus sinensis).
The study identifies a multidrug-resistant E. coli strain (HD-593) isolated from diseased Chinese soft-shelled turtles, which exhibits resistance to 14 antibiotics and carries several resistance genes including quinolone, aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, and acylaminol resistance genes.
Bloodstream infection with NDM-1/5 Enterobacter cloacae complex in China: diverse STs, multi-virulence systems and carbapenem resistance.
The study identifies blaNDM-1 and blaNDM-5 as the primary carbapenemases in CRECC isolates, along with additional resistance genes such as aac(6')-Ib-cr, aac(3)-II, qnrB1, qnrA1, sul1, and mcr-9.
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