Browse AMR Genes
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
AAC(6')-Ighjkrstuvwx family aminoglycoside N-acetyltransferase
Overview
| Allele | Database | Papers | Drug Classes | Organisms | Countries | Years | Sequence Accession | Protein Accession |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| aac(6')-I | Reference Gene CatalogResFinder DatabaseReslit | 56 | TOBRAMYCIN, KANAMYCIN +11 | Acinetobacter sp. ATCC 27244 +57 | Egypt, Southwest Nigeria, China, Brazil, Stockholm|Sweden, Romania, Europe|Italy, Switzerland | 2000, 2011, 2015, 2016, 2018, 2020, 2021, 2023, 2025 | ABYN01000078.1 | EEH69174.1 |
| aac(6')-II | Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogResFinder DatabaseReslit | 47 | TOBRAMYCIN, SISOMICIN +11 | Pseudomonas fluorescens +25 | China, Europe, Egypt, Portugal, South Korea|Australia|America|The Netherlands|China, Alberta|Canada|Alberta, Canada, United States, Europe|Netherlands, Italy, Turkey, Argentina|Australia|Brazil|China|India|United States, Nigeria, Swiss Canton Tessin|various herds|Switzerland, Greece, South Africa, Chettia Chlef Hospital, UK, Norway, Slovak Republic, Hungary, Bangladesh, Bulgaria, Northwestern Transylvania, Romania, UK|Kuwait, Thailand, Saudi Arabia | 1989, 1993, 1998, 2003, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 | L06163.1 | AAA25680.1 |
| AAC(6')-I-43 | Card Database | 1 | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | - | - | HQ247816.1 | AEA07977.1 |
| AAC(6')-I-48 | Card Database | 1 | - | Pseudomonas aeruginosa | - | - | AB472901.2 | BAN78519.1 |
| AAC(6')-Ir | Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogResFinder DatabaseReslit | 4 | TOBRAMYCIN, KANAMYCIN +2 | Acinetobacter colistiniresistens +1 | Germany|Colombia|Vietnam|Japan|Nicaragua|United States|Canada|Brazil|Thailand|Lebanon|Poland|France|Italy|Spain|Portugal|Mexico|China|South Korea|India | 1999, 2022 | AF031326.1 | AAD03490.1 |
| AAC(6')-Is | Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogResFinder Database | 3 | TOBRAMYCIN, KANAMYCIN +1 | Acinetobacter variabilis | - | 1999 | AF031327.1 | AAD03491.1 |
| AAC(6')-It | Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogResFinder Database | 3 | TOBRAMYCIN, KANAMYCIN +1 | Acinetobacter higginsii | - | 1999 | AF031328.1 | AAD03492.1 |
| AAC(6')-Iu | Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogResFinder Database | 3 | TOBRAMYCIN, KANAMYCIN +1 | Acinetobacter dispersus | - | 1999 | AF031329.1 | AAD03493.1 |
| AAC(6')-Iv | Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogResFinder Database | 3 | TOBRAMYCIN, KANAMYCIN +1 | Acinetobacter sp. 631 | - | 1999 | AF031330.1 | AAD03494.1 |
| AAC(6')-Iw | Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogResFinder Database | 3 | TOBRAMYCIN, KANAMYCIN +1 | Acinetobacter sp. 640 | - | 1999 | AF031331.1 | AAD03495.1 |
| AAC(6')-Ix | Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogResFinder Database | 3 | TOBRAMYCIN, KANAMYCIN +1 | Acinetobacter sp. BM2722 | - | 1999 | AF031332.1 | AAD03496.1 |
| aac(6')-Ir | ResFinder Database | 1 | TOBRAMYCIN, AMIKACIN | Acinetobacter colistiniresistens | - | 1999 | AF031326 | - |
| aac(6')-Is | ResFinder Database | 1 | TOBRAMYCIN, AMIKACIN | Acinetobacter variabilis | - | 1999 | AF031327 | - |
| aac(6')-It | ResFinder Database | 1 | TOBRAMYCIN, AMIKACIN | Acinetobacter higginsii | - | 1999 | AF031328 | - |
| aac(6')-Iu | ResFinder Database | 1 | TOBRAMYCIN, AMIKACIN | Acinetobacter dispersus | - | 1999 | AF031329 | - |
| aac(6')-Iv | ResFinder Database | 1 | TOBRAMYCIN, AMIKACIN | Acinetobacter sp. 631 | - | 1999 | AF031330 | - |
| aac(6')-Iw | ResFinder Database | 1 | TOBRAMYCIN, AMIKACIN | Acinetobacter sp. 640 | - | 1999 | AF031331 | - |
| aac(6')-Ix | ResFinder Database | 1 | TOBRAMYCIN, AMIKACIN | Acinetobacter sp. BM2722 | - | 1999 | AF031332 | - |
| AAC(6')-Iid | Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogResFinder DatabaseReslit | 9 | TOBRAMYCIN, AMIKACIN +9 | Enterococcus hirae +6 | China, Europe|Poland, Alberta, Argentina|Canada|Germany|United States | 2005, 2013, 2017, 2021, 2022, 2025 | AJ584700.2 | CAE50925.1 |
| AAC(6')-Iih | Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogResFinder DatabaseReslit | 4 | TOBRAMYCIN, AMIKACIN +2 | Enterococcus durans | Hungary | 2005, 2024 | AJ584701.2 | CAE50926.1 |
| aac(6')-Iid | ResFinder Database | 1 | TOBRAMYCIN, AMIKACIN | Enterococcus hirae | - | 2005 | AJ584700 | - |
| aac(6')-Iih | ResFinder Database | 1 | TOBRAMYCIN, AMIKACIN | Enterococcus durans | - | 2005 | AJ584701 | - |
| aac6II | Reslit | 1 | gentamicin, tobramycin | Salmonella enterica | Germany | 2012 | NC_003197.1|NC_011149.1|CM001062.1|NC_006905|CM001151.1|NC_011294.1|NC_011274.1|NC_011083.1|NC_011147.1|NC_006511.1|NC_010102.1|NC_012125.1|NC_011094.1|NC_003198.1|NC_004631.1|NC_016856.1|NC_016857.1|FN424405.1|NC_016810.1|NC_016860.1|NC_016863.1|FR775255.1 | - |
| aac ( 6 ′)- I | Reslit | 1 | aminoglycosides | Acinetobacter baumannii | Germany | 2013 | - | - |
| AAC(6')-Ih | Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogResFinder DatabaseReslit | 5 | aminoglycosides, amikacin +8 | Acinetobacter baumannii +2 | East Africa|Kenya | 1994, 2013, 2016 | HQ141279|HQ148722|HQ258925 | AAC41391.1 |
| aac (6′)-II | Reslit | 2 | gentamicin, tobramycin +2 | Escherichia coli +1 | Pakistan | 2014, 2021 | ADE18890.1|AAS46844.1|AEN02824.1|AEN02817.1|ACV88636.1|AEL87577.1|AEQ55231.1|ABQ14376.1|ADN79104.1|WP_010157942.1|ACI29961.1|AEQ39590.1|AAM22276.1|WP_019405145.1|AEW28787.1|ABY81267.1|AAF74292.1|AFU53026.1|ADE18896.1|AEN02826.1|YP_252228.1|WP_009348253.1|WP_017896153.1|WP_008157744.1|CAJ47138.2|ADU15837.1|AEK80394.1|ABS72351.1|AAP03063.1|AEG79634.1|ABG46354.1|AEZ49563.1|AEZ49551.1|ABG46356.1|ABW06480.1|AAB22638.1|BAD16611.1|YP_003717483.1|ABN09669.1|AAA25680.1|WP_006234103.1|AAS45464.1|WP_002304968.1|WP_001028140.1|WP_001028143.1|WP_010729367.1|AAX82584.1|WP_002417297.1|AFR11868.1|AFM29914.1|AAT77696.1|3SG8_A|3N4T_A|ACJ47203.1|ACA48663.14|AAA16194.1|WP_001642188.1 | - |
| AAC (6')-IId | Reslit | 1 | gentamicin, tobramycin +1 | Klebsiella pneumoniae | China | 2019 | CP033900|CP033901 | - |
| AAC(6')-Ij | Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogResFinder DatabaseReslit | 5 | aminoglycosides, TOBRAMYCIN +2 | Acinetobacter colistiniresistens +1 | Malaysia, Japan | 1994, 2023, 2024 | CP102099 | AAC41392.1 |
| aac6-I | Reslit | 1 | aminoglycosides | Stenotrophomonas pigmentata sp. nov. | China | 2024 | CP130832.1|OR936313 | - |
| aac6'-Ii | Reslit | 1 | gentamicin, kanamycin +1 | Enterococcus faecium | Latvia | 2024 | - | - |
| aac(6')-Ij | ResFinder Database | 1 | TOBRAMYCIN, AMIKACIN | Acinetobacter genomosp. 13 | - | 1994 | L29045 | - |
| aac(6')-Ih | ResFinder Database | 1 | TOBRAMYCIN, AMIKACIN +4 | Acinetobacter baumannii, Acinetobacter gyllenbergii | - | 1994 | L29044, KT778788 | - |
| AAC(6')-Ik | Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogResFinder Database | 3 | TOBRAMYCIN, KANAMYCIN +1 | Acinetobacter sp. CIP-A165 | - | 1994 | L29510.1 | AAA87229.1 |
| aac(6')-Ik | ResFinder Database | 1 | TOBRAMYCIN, AMIKACIN | Acinetobacter sp. CIP-A165 | - | 1994 | L29510 | - |
| AAC(6')-Ii | Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogResFinder Database | 3 | TOBRAMYCIN, AMINOGLYCOSIDE +4 | Enterococcus faecium | - | 1993 | L12710.1 | AAB63533.1 |
| aac(6')-Ii | ResFinder Database | 1 | TOBRAMYCIN, SISOMICIN +3 | Enterococcus faecium | - | 1993 | L12710 | - |
| AAC(6')-Ig | Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogResFinder DatabaseReslit | 4 | amikacin, TOBRAMYCIN +5 | Acinetobacter haemolyticus | - | 1993 | L09246.1 | AAA21889.1 |
| aac(6')-Ig | ResFinder Database | 1 | TOBRAMYCIN, AMIKACIN +3 | Acinetobacter haemolyticus | - | 1993 | L09246 | - |
Phylogenetic analysis of proteolytic Acinetobacter strains based on the sequence of genes encoding aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferases.
Phylogenetic analysis of proteolytic Acinetobacter strains based on the sequence of genes encoding aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferases.
Phylogenetic analysis of proteolytic Acinetobacter strains based on the sequence of genes encoding aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferases.
Phylogenetic analysis of proteolytic Acinetobacter strains based on the sequence of genes encoding aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferases.
Phylogenetic analysis of proteolytic Acinetobacter strains based on the sequence of genes encoding aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferases.
Phylogenetic analysis of proteolytic Acinetobacter strains based on the sequence of genes encoding aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferases.
Phylogenetic analysis of proteolytic Acinetobacter strains based on the sequence of genes encoding aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferases.
Phylogenetic analysis of proteolytic Acinetobacter strains based on the sequence of genes encoding aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferases.
Phylogenetic analysis of proteolytic Acinetobacter strains based on the sequence of genes encoding aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferases.
Phylogenetic analysis of proteolytic Acinetobacter strains based on the sequence of genes encoding aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferases.
Phylogenetic analysis of proteolytic Acinetobacter strains based on the sequence of genes encoding aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferases.
Phylogenetic analysis of proteolytic Acinetobacter strains based on the sequence of genes encoding aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferases.
Phylogenetic analysis of proteolytic Acinetobacter strains based on the sequence of genes encoding aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferases.
Phylogenetic analysis of proteolytic Acinetobacter strains based on the sequence of genes encoding aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferases.
Phylogenetic analysis of proteolytic Acinetobacter strains based on the sequence of genes encoding aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferases.
Phylogenetic analysis of proteolytic Acinetobacter strains based on the sequence of genes encoding aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferases.
Phylogenetic analysis of proteolytic Acinetobacter strains based on the sequence of genes encoding aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferases.
Phylogenetic analysis of proteolytic Acinetobacter strains based on the sequence of genes encoding aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferases.
Phylogenetic analysis of proteolytic Acinetobacter strains based on the sequence of genes encoding aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferases.
Phylogenetic analysis of proteolytic Acinetobacter strains based on the sequence of genes encoding aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferases.
Phylogenetic analysis of proteolytic Acinetobacter strains based on the sequence of genes encoding aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferases.
Phylogenetic analysis of proteolytic Acinetobacter strains based on the sequence of genes encoding aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferases.
Phylogenetic analysis of proteolytic Acinetobacter strains based on the sequence of genes encoding aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferases.
Phylogenetic analysis of proteolytic Acinetobacter strains based on the sequence of genes encoding aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferases.
Phylogenetic analysis of proteolytic Acinetobacter strains based on the sequence of genes encoding aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferases.
Phylogenetic analysis of proteolytic Acinetobacter strains based on the sequence of genes encoding aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferases.
Phylogenetic analysis of proteolytic Acinetobacter strains based on the sequence of genes encoding aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferases.
Phylogenetic analysis of proteolytic Acinetobacter strains based on the sequence of genes encoding aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferases.
Aminoglycoside Resistance in Mycobacterium kansasii, Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare, and Mycobacterium fortuitum: Are Aminoglycoside-Modifying Enzymes Responsible?
The study found that aminoglycoside acetyltransferase was detected in Mycobacterium kansasii and M. fortuitum but not in M. avium-M. intracellulare. The enzymes exhibited low affinities for aminoglycosides, suggesting they do not significantly contribute to resistance.
X-ray structure of the AAC(6′)-Ii antibiotic resistance enzyme at 1.8 A resolution; examination of oligomeric arrangements in GNAT superfamily members.
The study reports the high-resolution structure of the aminoglycoside acetyltransferase AAC(6′)-Ii in complex with coenzyme A, providing insights into its structure and mechanism of action in conferring resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics such as kanamycin and gentamicin.
New aac(6')-I genes in Enterococcus hirae and Enterococcus durans: effect on {beta}-lactam/aminoglycoside synergy.
New aac(6')-I genes in Enterococcus hirae and Enterococcus durans: effect on {beta}-lactam/aminoglycoside synergy.
New aac(6')-I genes in Enterococcus hirae and Enterococcus durans: effect on {beta}-lactam/aminoglycoside synergy.
New aac(6')-I genes in Enterococcus hirae and Enterococcus durans: effect on {beta}-lactam/aminoglycoside synergy.
New aac(6')-I genes in Enterococcus hirae and Enterococcus durans: effect on {beta}-lactam/aminoglycoside synergy.
New aac(6')-I genes in Enterococcus hirae and Enterococcus durans: effect on {beta}-lactam/aminoglycoside synergy.
New aac(6')-I genes in Enterococcus hirae and Enterococcus durans: effect on {beta}-lactam/aminoglycoside synergy.
New aac(6')-I genes in Enterococcus hirae and Enterococcus durans: effect on {beta}-lactam/aminoglycoside synergy.
Aminoglycoside resistance rates, phenotypes, and mechanisms of Gram-negative bacteria from infected patients in upper Egypt.
The study identified aminoglycoside resistance mechanisms in Gram-negative bacteria, including aac(3)-I, aac(6')-I, ant(2")-I, and aph(3')-I genes, which confer resistance to various aminoglycosides.
Inhibitors of aminoglycoside resistance activated in cells.
The study identifies aminoglycoside N-6'-acetyltransferase (AAC(6')-Ii) as a key enzyme responsible for resistance to kanamycin A in Enterococcus faecium and reports the development of prodrug compounds that can potentiate the antibacterial activity of kanamycin A against resistant strains.
Development and Evaluation of a Microarray-Based Serogenotyping Assay for Salmonella
The study presents a microarray-based serogenotyping assay for Salmonella, demonstrating high correlation between genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. Several AMR genes were identified and validated, showing strong association with AMR phenotypes.
Domain dissection and characterization of the aminoglycoside resistance enzyme ANT(3")-Ii/AAC(6')-IId from Serratia marcescens.
The study characterizes the bifunctional aminoglycoside resistance enzyme ANT(3")-Ii/AAC(6')-IId from Serratia marcescens, identifying its nucleotidyltransferase and acetyltransferase activities against various aminoglycosides.
A high throughput multiplex PCR assay for simultaneous detection of seven aminoglycoside-resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae.
The study developed a high-throughput GeXP assay for the simultaneous detection of seven aminoglycoside-resistance genes, including five aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and two 16S rRNA methyltransferases, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity.
DNA microarray for genotyping antibiotic resistance determinants in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates.
The study developed a DNA microarray for genotyping antibiotic resistance determinants in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates, identifying numerous resistance genes and mutations associated with carbapenem, aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, and other antibiotic resistances.
First report of NDM-1-producing Acinetobacter baumannii in East Africa.
The study reports the first identification of NDM-1-producing Acinetobacter baumannii in East Africa, highlighting the presence of various resistance genes including bla(NDM-1), bla(OXA-23), bla(OXA-51-like), bla(ADC), armA, aadB, aac(6')-Ib, and aph(3')-VI.
A degenerate PCR-based strategy as a means of identifying homologues of aminoglycoside and β-lactam resistance genes in the gut microbiota.
The study identified numerous aminoglycoside and β-lactam resistance gene homologues in the gut microbiota of healthy adults, indicating that the human gut microbiota serves as a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes even in the absence of recent antibiotic exposure.
Isolation, characterization, and DNA sequence analysis of an AAC(6')-II gene from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
The AAC(6')-II gene from Pseudomonas aeruginosa was cloned and shown to confer resistance to gentamicin, tobramycin, and netilmicin but not amikacin or isepamicin.
Investigating the mobilome in clinically important lineages of Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis.
The study identifies several AMR genes, including aac(6')-aph(2")-Ia, vanA, vanB, tetM, ermB, aph(3')-IIIa, and sat4, which are associated with resistance to aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, and streptothricin in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis.
Origin in Acinetobacter gyllenbergii and dissemination of aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme AAC(6′)-Ih.
The aac(6')-Ih gene, originally found in Acinetobacter baumannii, was discovered to be intrinsic to Acinetobacter gyllenbergii. The gene confers resistance to amikacin, netilmicin, and tobramycin and is disseminated within the Acinetobacter genus.
Origin in Acinetobacter gyllenbergii and dissemination of aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme AAC(6')-Ih.
Origin in Acinetobacter gyllenbergii and dissemination of aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme AAC(6')-Ih.
Occurrence of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes genes (aac(6′)-I and ant(2″)-I) in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Southwest Nigeria.
The study identified aac(6')-I and ant(2")-I genes in 12 out of 54 Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, with aac(6')-I being the most prevalent. These genes were associated with resistance to amikacin and gentamicin, highlighting the importance of monitoring aminoglycoside resistance in clinical settings.
Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms
The paper discusses various mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, including beta-lactamases like blaKPC, blaNDM, blaIMP, and blaVIM, which confer resistance to carbapenems. It also covers aminoglycoside modifying enzymes such as aac(6')-Ib and aac(6')-I, quinolone resistance proteins like qnr, tetracycline resistance genes such as tet(M) and tet(O), macrolide resistance genes like erm, mefA, and mefE, and efflux pump systems like mexAB-oprM and acrAB-tolC.
Genomic insights into the pathogenicity and environmental adaptability of Enterococcus hirae R17 isolated from pork offered for retail sale.
The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Enterococcus hirae R17, including genes conferring resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, lincosamides, streptogramins, pleuromutilins, polymyxins, tetracyclines, and others. Notably, the strain exhibited resistance to bacitracin, ciprofloxacin, daptomycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline.
Comparative gut microbiota and resistome profiling of intensive care patients receiving selective digestive tract decontamination and healthy subjects.
Four resistance genes (aac(6')-Ii, ermC, qacA, tetQ) were significantly more abundant in ICU patients than in healthy subjects, while catA and tetW were more abundant in healthy subjects.
Transcriptional Response of Resistome to Composting and Its Implications for Antimicrobial Resistance Dissemination
The study identifies several tetracycline resistance genes (tetM, tetW, tetO, tetS), sulfonamide resistance genes (sulI, sulII), and others, showing their expression dynamics during composting and their association with microbial community shifts.
Application of protein typing in molecular epidemiological investigation of nosocomial infection outbreak of aminoglycoside-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
The study identified five aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme (AME) genes, including aac(3)-II, aac(6′)-I, aac(6′)-II, ant(2″)-I, and ant(3″)-I, in aminoglycoside-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. These genes were detected using PCR and gel electrophoresis.
Application of protein typing in molecular epidemiological investigation of nosocomial infection outbreak of aminoglycoside-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
The study identified five aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme (AME) genes, including aac(3)-II, aac(6′)-I, aac(6′)-II, ant(2″)-I, and ant(3″)-I, in aminoglycoside-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. These genes were detected using PCR and gel electrophoresis.
Co-outbreak of multidrug resistance and a novel ST3006 Klebsiella pneumoniae in a neonatal intensive care unit: A retrospective study.
The study identified two clones of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, ST37 and ST3006, in a neonatal intensive care unit. ST37 harbored multiple resistance genes, including OXA-33, TEM-1, SHV-11, and others, while ST3006 carried fewer resistance genes. Whole-genome sequencing revealed the presence of various antibiotic resistance genes and genomic islands.
In Vitro Pharmacodynamic Analyses Help Guide the Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Enterococcus faecium and Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacter cloacae Bacteremia in a Liver Transplant Patient.
The study identifies various AMR genes and mutations in Enterococcus faecium and Enterobacter hormaechei isolates from a liver transplant patient, highlighting their roles in resistance to multiple antibiotics.
Emergence of vanA-Type Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium ST 78 Strain with a rep2-Type Plasmid Carrying a Tn1546-Like Element Isolated from a Urinary Tract Infection in China.
The study identifies a vanA-type vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium ST78 strain carrying a rep2-type plasmid with a Tn1546-like element. The strain exhibits resistance to multiple antibiotics, including vancomycin, teicoplanin, and aminoglycosides, due to the presence of the vanA, ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-III, aac(6')-Ii, and msr(C) genes.
Emergence of a Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacter hormaechei Clinical Isolate from Egypt Co-Harboring mcr-9 and bla(VIM-4).
The study reports the first complete genomic sequence of an mcr-9 and bla VIM-4 -carrying multidrug-resistant Enterobacter hormaechei clinical isolate from Egypt, highlighting the coexistence of these resistance genes on an IncHI2 plasmid and their potential for dissemination.
Next-Generation Sequencing and MALDI Mass Spectrometry in the Study of Multiresistant Processed Meat Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE).
The study identified multiple AMR genes in vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) isolated from processed meat, including vanA, vanC1, erm(B), aac(6')-Ii, aadE, ant(9)-Ia, lsa(E), msr(C), lnu(B), tet(M)+tet(L), dfrG, dfrK, adeC, and efmA, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as vancomycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, aminoglycosides, and trimethoprim.
Characterization of a SPM-1 metallo-beta-lactamase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa by comparative genomics and phenotypic analysis.
The study characterizes the multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate CCBH4851, identifying several AMR genes including blaSPM-1, sul1, rmtD, blaOXA-56, aac(6')-I, aadA7, cmx, and bcr, as well as mutations in oprD and mexZ contributing to resistance.
Revealing antimicrobial resistance in stormwater with MinION.
The study identified several AMR genes in stormwater samples from Stockholm, including aac(3)-X, aac(6')-I, aph(3')-I, aph(3')-IIb, bacA, chloramphenicol, rosA, ermO, abeS, major facilitator superfamily transporter, mexE, mexX, ompR, opcM, oprA, oprN, qacG, puromycin, ADP-ribosylating, dfrA12, vanH, vanR, and vanS, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, fosmidomycin, MLS, multidrug, puromycin, rifamycin, trimethoprim, and vancomycin.
Full pathogen characterisation: species identification including the detection of virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes via multiplex DNA-assays.
The study presents a DNA microarray-based assay for the simultaneous detection of 44 sepsis-relevant bacterial pathogens, 360 virulence factors, and 409 antibiotic resistance genes. The assay was evaluated with 14 multidrug-resistant strains, including all ESKAPE pathogens.
New Insights into the Virulence Traits and Antibiotic Resistance of Enterococci Isolated from Diverse Probiotic Products.
The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including msrC, lsaA, aac(6')-Ii, vanC, and tetM, in enterococci isolated from probiotic products, highlighting the potential risk of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors in these isolates.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Whole-Genome Characterisation of High-Level Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Salmonella Enterica Serovar Kentucky ST 198 Strains Isolated from Human in Poland.
The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in high-level ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella Enterica serovar Kentucky ST198 strains isolated from humans in Poland, including blaTEM-1B, qnrS1, aac(3)-Id, aac(3)-IId, aac(6')-Iaa, aac(6')-Iid, aph(3")-Ib, aph(3")-Id, aadA1, sul1, dfrA1, and tetA, along with mutations in gyrA and parC that confer resistance to quinolones and beta-lactams.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Enterococcus Spp. Isolated from a Beef Processing Plant and Retail Ground Beef.
The study identified several AMR genes, including tet(M), erm(B), msrC, aac(6')-Ii, and optrA, in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates from a beef processing plant and retail ground beef.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Genomic Characterization of Six New Sequence Types in Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates from Pakistan.
The study identified 13 acquired antibiotic resistance genes in six new sequence types of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Pakistan, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, and others. Mutations in the pmrA gene were also found to contribute to colistin resistance.
A Snapshot of the Genetic Diversity of Salmonella Enteritidis Population Involved in Human Infections in Romania Taken in the European Epidemiological Context.
The study identified the aac(6')-I gene as a determinant of aminoglycoside resistance and a single gyrA mutation at codon 87 as a cause of reduced susceptibility to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin in Salmonella Enteritidis strains from Romania.
Whole genome sequence analyses-based assessment of virulence potential and antimicrobial susceptibilities and resistance of Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from commercial swine and cattle probiotic products.
The study identified several antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from commercial swine and cattle probiotics, including aac(6')-Ii, aph(3')-III, ant(6)-Ia, tet(L), tet(M), msrC, and cat-(pc194). These genes confer resistance to aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, and phenicols.
Effects of early-life antibiotics on the developing infant gut microbiome and resistome: a randomized trial.
Early-life broad-spectrum antibiotics alter the infant gut microbiome and resistome, with amoxicillin + cefotaxime having the most significant impact on AMR gene profiles.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Acinetobacter spp. Isolated from Pet Reptiles
The study identified various AMR genes in Acinetobacter spp. isolated from pet reptiles, including tetracycline, sulfonamide, and aminoglycoside resistance genes, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains in these animals.
Genomic Insights of Enterococcus faecium UC7251, a Multi-Drug Resistant Strain From Ready-to-Eat Food, Highlight the Risk of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Food Chain.
The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Enterococcus faecium UC7251, including aac(6')-Ia, ermB, tetM, tetL, pbp5, aad6, aadE, aph(3')-III, ant(6')-Ia, satA, lnuB, and isaE, highlighting the risk of antimicrobial resistance in the food chain.
Genomic Characterization of Enterococcus hirae From Beef Cattle Feedlots and Associated Environmental Continuum.
The study identified several AMR genes in Enterococcus hirae isolates from beef cattle feedlots, including tetracycline resistance genes (tet(L), tet(M), tet(O), tet(S/M), tet(O/32/O)), macrolide resistance gene erm(B), and aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(6')-Iid, ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-III, sat4).
Whole-genome sequencing-based characteristics of Escherichia coli Rize-53 isolate from Turkey.
The study identified ten antibiotic resistance genes in the E. coli Rize-53 isolate, including blaOXA-1, blaOXA-2, aac(6')-II, aac(6')-Ib-cr, tetB, catB3, qacE, sitABCD, mdfA, and sul2, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, and quaternary ammonium compounds.
Longitudinal Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance among Enterococcus Species Isolated from Australian Beef Cattle Faeces at Feedlot Entry and Exit.
In silico analyses of diversity and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes and mobile genetics elements, for plasmids of enteric pathogens.
The study identifies a diverse array of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes across various plasmid replicon types in enteric pathogens, highlighting the prevalence of resistance genes in plasmids such as IncHI2, IncN, IncA/C, IncP, IncHI1, and IncFIA. Key AMR genes include aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-IIg, aac(6')-Ib3, aadA1, aadA5, aph(3'')-Ib, bla CMY-2, bla CTX-M-27, bla NDM-1, mcr-9.1, and others, which confer resistance to antibiotics such as gentamicin, cephalosporins, carbapenems, colistin, and tetracycline.
A survey on antimicrobial resistance genes of frequently used probiotic bacteria, 1901 to 2022.
The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in probiotic bacteria, highlighting the presence of mobile genetic elements and the potential for horizontal gene transfer.
Antibiotic resistance in potential probiotic lactic acid bacteria of fermented foods and human origin from Nigeria.
The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes including aac(6')-Ii, ermB, ermC, tetM, vanE, and parC in lactic acid bacteria from Nigerian fermented foods and human sources.
Genomic and phenotypic characterization of Acinetobacter colistiniresistens isolated from the feces of a healthy member of the community.
The study identified several AMR genes in the Acinetobacter colistiniresistens strain C-214, including blaOXA302, tet39, ANT(3'')-IIc, AAC(6')-Ij, and adeB, which contribute to resistance against beta-lactams, tetracycline, aminoglycosides, and multiple antibiotics.
Extensive screening reveals previously undiscovered aminoglycoside resistance genes in human pathogens.
The study identifies numerous novel aminoglycoside resistance genes (AMEs) in human pathogens through extensive computational screening of bacterial genomes. Twenty-four out of twenty-eight experimentally tested AMEs conferred resistance to aminoglycosides in E. coli, with seventeen exceeding clinical breakpoints.
Elucidation of the Bovine Intramammary Bacteriome and Resistome from healthy cows of Swiss dairy farms in the Canton Tessin.
The study identified the presence of the tetracycline resistance gene tetK in Mammaliicoccus sciuri isolates, which was associated with tetracycline resistance. The gene was found on small plasmids, suggesting a potential mechanism for horizontal gene transfer.
First Detection and Molecular Characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bla(NDM-1) ST308 in Greece.
The study reports the first detection of blaNDM-1-positive Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST308 in Greece, highlighting the presence of multiple resistance genes including blaNDM-1, blaPAO, blaOXA-10, blaOXA-488, and others, indicating multidrug resistance.
Antimicrobial resistance and whole genome sequencing of novel sequence types of Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus durans isolated from livestock.
The study identifies several antimicrobial resistance genes in Enterococcus species isolated from livestock in South Africa, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains and emphasizing the need for genomic surveillance to monitor the spread of antimicrobial resistance in food chain animals.
Safety assessment of Enterococcus lactis strains complemented with comparative genomics analysis reveals probiotic and safety characteristics of the entire species.
The study found that the two E. lactis strains 10NA and 50NA showed resistance to bile salts and acid tolerance with antibacterial activity against several pathogens. They were sensitive to vancomycin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol. Whole-genome analysis revealed no transferable antibiotic resistance genes, confirming the safety of the E. lactis species.
Draft genome sequencing data of Enterococcus faecium BT22, a vancomycin-resistant opportunistic pathogen isolated from hospital effluents.
The study identified 12 antibiotic resistance genes and one virulence gene in strain BT22, including genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines, and vancomycin.
Short-duration selective decontamination of the digestive tract infection control does not contribute to increased antimicrobial resistance burden in a pilot cluster randomised trial (the ARCTIC Study).
The study found no significant increase in clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance gene burden in critically ill children treated with SDD-enhanced infection control compared to standard care.
Multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains enter the Norwegian marine environment through treated sewage.
The study identified multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains carrying resistance genes such as aac(6')-Ii, erm(B), erm(T), tet(L), tet(M), and msr(C), as well as mutations in gyrA and parC contributing to ciprofloxacin resistance.
Gut diversity and the resistome as biomarkers of febrile neutropenia outcome in paediatric oncology patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.
The study identifies several antibiotic-resistance genes associated with febrile neutropenia in pediatric oncology patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, including msr(C), dfrG, erm(T), VanHAX, aac(6')-Ib, aph(3')-III, ant(6)-Ia, and aac(6')-Ii.
A novel pathogenic species of genus Stenotrophomonas: Stenotrophomonas pigmentata sp. nov.
The study identifies a novel pathogenic species, Stenotrophomonas pigmentata sp. nov., which exhibits resistance to multiple antibiotics, including β-lactams, carbapenems, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Several multidrug resistance efflux pump and antibiotic resistance genes were found in its genome.
Monitoring Changes in the Antimicrobial-Resistance Gene Set (ARG) of Raw Milk and Dairy Products in a Cattle Farm, from Production to Consumption.
The study identified 112 antibiotic-resistance genes in raw milk and dairy products, with a significant increase in resistant genes in aged cheese compared to raw milk. Key genes included OXA-662 and OXA-309, which confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, and several efflux pump genes like abaQ, emrA, and acrAB-tolC, which contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance. The findings highlight the dynamic changes in the resistome during food processing and the potential public health risks associated with the spread of antibiotic resistance genes through raw dairy products.
Monitoring Changes in the Antimicrobial-Resistance Gene Set (ARG) of Raw Milk and Dairy Products in a Cattle Farm, from Production to Consumption.
The study identified 112 antibiotic-resistance genes in raw milk and dairy products, with a significant increase in resistant genes in aged cheese compared to raw milk. Key genes included OXA-662 and OXA-309, which confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, and several efflux pump genes like abaQ, emrA, and acrAB-tolC, which contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance. The findings highlight the dynamic changes in the resistome during food processing and the potential public health risks associated with the spread of antibiotic resistance genes through raw dairy products.
Evaluation of Antimicrobial Resistancein Clinical Isolates of Enterococcus spp. Obtained from Hospital Patients in Latvia.
The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations in Enterococcus isolates, including vanB for vancomycin resistance, lsaA, lsaE, lnuB for lincosamide resistance, tetM and tetL for tetracycline resistance, aac6'-Ii, aac6'-aph2'', aph3'-III, and ant6-Ia for aminoglycoside resistance, msrC, ermB, and ermT for macrolide resistance, and mutations in gyrA, parC, pbp5, and 23S rRNA for fluoroquinolone, penicillin, and linezolid resistance.
Genomic diversity, antibiotic resistance, and virulence in South African Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus lactis isolates.
The study identifies several antibiotic resistance genes in South African Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus lactis isolates, including dfrE, vanW, vanT, efrA, tet(M), AAC(6')-Ii, msrC, and vanY, which confer resistance to trimethoprim, glycopeptides, tetracycline, macrolides, and aminoglycosides.
Community use of oral antibiotics transiently reprofiles the intestinal microbiome in young Bangladeshi children.
The study identifies the aac(6')-Ii gene, which confers aminoglycoside resistance, in Enterococcus faecium in children who received antibiotics within the previous 7 days.
Biofilm enhanced the mitigations of antibiotics and resistome in sulfadiazine and trimethoprim co-contaminated soils.
The study identifies several AMR genes, including aadA7, aac(6')-II, aac(3)-iid, aadD, tetA, tetM, tetX, and sul2, in Arthrobacter sp. D2, which are involved in resistance to aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides. These genes were experimentally validated using high-throughput qPCR analysis.
Genomic Insights into Vietnamese Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-9-Producing Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates Belonging to the High-Risk Clone ST357 Obtained from Bulgarian Intensive Care Unit Patients.
The study identified multiple AMR genes, including blaVEB-9, blaPDC-3, blaOXA-10, blaOXA-50, and others, in two extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Bulgaria. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics, including β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones.
Identification and characterisation of colistin-resistant Acinetobacter colistiniresistens co-producing IMP-1 and OXA-58 carbapenemases.
The study identifies and characterizes a colistin-resistant Acinetobacter colistiniresistens isolate co-producing IMP-1 and OXA-58 carbapenemases. The isolate exhibits resistance to multiple antibiotics, including carbapenems, cephalosporins, and polymyxins, and harbors several resistance genes such as blaIMP-1, blaOXA-58, and eptA-like, which contribute to its multidrug-resistant phenotype.
The Difference a Year Can Make: How Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Have Changed in Northwestern Transylvania.
The study identified an increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Northwestern Transylvania, Romania, between 2022 and 2023. Key AMR genes included bla OXA-50, sul1, ermB, mexA, mexB, bla VIM-1, aac(6′)-II, ant(4′)-Ia, aac(3)-I, aac(6′)-Im, aph(2″)-Ib, tetA, tetC, tetK, qnrB, ermC, mphC, fosA, nfsA, nfsB, ampC, and TEM-1.
Genotypic and phenotypic analyses of two distinct sets of Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract isolates.
The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in P. aeruginosa UTI isolates from the UK and Kuwait, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains, especially in Kuwaiti isolates. Key AMR genes included aac(3)-IV, aph(3')-Ib, aph(3')-IIb, aph(4)-Ia, aph(6)-Id, crpP, dfrB1, aac(6')-Ib7, aac(6')-ii, aaA61, blaPDC, and blaVIM-28. Mutations in gyrA were also found to contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.
Genotypic and phenotypic analyses of two distinct sets of Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract isolates.
The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in P. aeruginosa UTI isolates from the UK and Kuwait, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains, especially in Kuwaiti isolates. Key AMR genes included aac(3)-IV, aph(3')-Ib, aph(3')-IIb, aph(4)-Ia, aph(6)-Id, crpP, dfrB1, aac(6')-Ib7, aac(6')-ii, aaA61, blaPDC, and blaVIM-28. Mutations in gyrA were also found to contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.
Next-generation diagnostics of bloodstream infections enabled by rapid whole-genome sequencing of bacterial cells purified from blood cultures.
The study presents a rapid whole-genome sequencing workflow (LC-WGS) for diagnosing bloodstream infections, demonstrating accurate identification of bacterial pathogens and detection of clinically relevant resistance markers within 4.2 hours. The workflow successfully identified various AMR genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla DHA-1, bla KPC-2, bla KPC-3, bla NDM-1, bla OXA-23, armA, mecA, vanRSHAXYZ, aac(6')-Ie/aph(2'')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, aac(6')-I, sul1, and dfrA17.
High-Risk VREfm Clones and Resistance Determinants in a Thai Hospital.
The study identified the vanA gene as the primary determinant of vancomycin resistance in all 29 VREfm isolates. Additional resistance genes such as aac(6')-Ii, ant(6')-Ia, erm(B), msr(C), tet(L), tet(M), aph(3')-III, aph(2'')-Ia, and inu(B) were also characterized, contributing to resistance against a variety of antibiotics.
Genomic characterization of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in Norwegian poultry.
The study identified vanA and narAB genes on pVEF-like plasmids in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium and E. hirae isolates from Norwegian poultry, along with additional resistance genes such as ermB, tetM, and aac(6')-Ii.
Comparative genomics of Pseudomonas paraeruginosa.
The study identifies various AMR genes and mutations in Pseudomonas paraeruginosa, including carbapenemases like blaVIM-2, blaVIM-6, blaVIM-28, and blaKPC-2, as well as efflux pump genes (mexAB-oprM, mexCD-oprJ, etc.), and mutations in oprD, mexS, mexR, mexZ, lasR, mvfR, and vqsM that contribute to antibiotic resistance.
Probiotic potential and antimicrobial efficacy of a dairy isolate, Enterococcus faecium MBBL3.
E. faecium MBBL3 exhibits antimicrobial activity against bovine mastitis pathogens, with Enterolysin_A showing strong molecular interactions with virulence-associated proteins.
High-resolution genomic and molecular characterization of vancomycin-resistant enterococci from hospitalized patients in a tertiary care center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
The study identified vanA, tet(M), erm(B), aac(6')-Ii, and aad(6) as key vancomycin-resistant genes in E. faecium, along with liaR and liaS mutations linked to daptomycin resistance.
Emergence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium vanA ST612 with reduced daptomycin susceptibility, Switzerland, 2018 to 2024.
The study identifies mutations in liaR (W73C) and liaS (T120A) associated with reduced daptomycin susceptibility in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium vanA ST612. It also characterizes resistance genes including vanA, aac(6')-I, msr(C), and ant(6)-Ia.
Characterization of the chromosomal aac(6')-Ij gene of Acinetobacter sp. 13 and the aac(6')-Ih plasmid gene of Acinetobacter baumannii.
Characterization of the chromosomal aac(6')-Ij gene of Acinetobacter sp. 13 and the aac(6')-Ih plasmid gene of Acinetobacter baumannii.
Characterization of the chromosomal aac(6')-Ij gene of Acinetobacter sp. 13 and the aac(6')-Ih plasmid gene of Acinetobacter baumannii.
Characterization of the chromosomal aac(6')-Ij gene of Acinetobacter sp. 13 and the aac(6')-Ih plasmid gene of Acinetobacter baumannii.
Characterization of the chromosomal aac(6')-Ij gene of Acinetobacter sp. 13 and the aac(6')-Ih plasmid gene of Acinetobacter baumannii.
Characterization of the chromosomal aac(6')-Ij gene of Acinetobacter sp. 13 and the aac(6')-Ih plasmid gene of Acinetobacter baumannii.
Characterization of the chromosomal aac(6')-Ij gene of Acinetobacter sp. 13 and the aac(6')-Ih plasmid gene of Acinetobacter baumannii.
Characterization of the chromosomal aac(6')-Ij gene of Acinetobacter sp. 13 and the aac(6')-Ih plasmid gene of Acinetobacter baumannii., Origin in Acinetobacter gyllenbergii and dissemination of aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme AAC(6')-Ih.
Characterization of the aac(6')-Ik gene of Acinetobacter sp. 6.
Characterization of the aac(6')-Ik gene of Acinetobacter sp. 6.
Characterization of the aac(6')-Ik gene of Acinetobacter sp. 6.
Characterization of the aac(6')-Ik gene of Acinetobacter sp. 6.
Characterization of the chromosomal aac(6')-Ii gene specific for Enterococcus faecium.
The chromosomal aac(6')-Ii gene in Enterococcus faecium CIP 54-32 encodes a 6'-N-aminoglycoside acetyltransferase that confers resistance to aminoglycosides, particularly gentamicin. Insertional inactivation of this gene resulted in increased susceptibility to aminoglycosides.
Characterization of the chromosomal aac(6')-Ii gene specific for Enterococcus faecium.
Characterization of the chromosomal aac(6')-Ii gene specific for Enterococcus faecium.
Characterization of the chromosomal aac(6')-Ii gene specific for Enterococcus faecium.
Characterization of the chromosomal aac(6')-Ii gene specific for Enterococcus faecium.
Characterization of Acinetobacter haemolyticus aac(6')-Ig gene encoding an aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase which modifies amikacin.
The study characterizes the aac(6')-Ig gene from Acinetobacter haemolyticus, which encodes an aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase that modifies amikacin, leading to resistance.
Characterization of Acinetobacter haemolyticus aac(6')-Ig gene encoding an aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase which modifies amikacin.
Characterization of Acinetobacter haemolyticus aac(6')-Ig gene encoding an aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase which modifies amikacin.
Characterization of Acinetobacter haemolyticus aac(6')-Ig gene encoding an aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase which modifies amikacin.
Characterization of Acinetobacter haemolyticus aac(6')-Ig gene encoding an aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase which modifies amikacin.
Characterization of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates from the United States and their susceptibility in vitro to dalfopristin-quinupristin.
The study characterizes vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates and identifies the aac(6')-Ii gene as a determinant of high-level aminoglycoside resistance.
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