The study characterizes new SCCmec elements and mutations in topoisomerase genes associated with fluoroquinolone and methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius.

The study reports the emergence of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus cohnii subsp. ureolyticus in an ICU in Greece, highlighting the presence of resistance genes mecA, ermA, aac(6')-Ie+aph(2''), and aph(3')-IIIa, along with the G2576T mutation in the 23S rRNA gene associated with linezolid resistance.

The study identifies the aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia gene as responsible for high-level gentamicin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis isolates from humans, pigs, and pork in Denmark.

The study identified a high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the surgical units of Mulago hospital in Kampala, Uganda. It also characterized several AMR genes including mecA, blaZ, and aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes such as aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, and ant(4')-Ia.

The paper discusses the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Enterococcus, particularly focusing on ampicillin resistance mediated by the pbp5R gene in hospital-associated E. faecium isolates.

The bifunctional aminoglycoside acetyltransferase(6′)-Ie/aminoglycoside phosphotransferase(2″)-Ia enzyme primarily phosphorylates 4,6-disubstituted aminoglycosides, providing resistance, while 4,5-disubstituted and atypical aminoglycosides are not substrates.

The study identified high-level gentamicin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis isolates, which was associated with the aac(6')-Ie aph(2")-Ia gene. This gene was found in all high-level gentamicin-resistant isolates.

The study identifies a novel pseudo-staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec element (ψSCCmec57395) in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius CC45, along with various AMR genes such as mecA, blaZ, aac(6')-Ie–aph(2')-Ia, aph(3')-III, ant(6)-Ia, sat4, erm(B), tet(M), dfr(G), and cat pC221. Additionally, fluoroquinolone resistance was linked to specific mutations in gyrA and grlA.

The study identified numerous aminoglycoside and β-lactam resistance gene homologues in the gut microbiota of healthy adults, indicating that the human gut microbiota serves as a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes even in the absence of recent antibiotic exposure.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Enterococcus faecium isolates from wastewater, marine outfalls, and river environments, including pbp5, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2"), ant(6')-Ia, tet(M), and tet(L). Mutations in gyrA (S84R) were associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

The study identified the vanA gene as the primary determinant of vancomycin and teicoplanin resistance in Enterococcus faecium outbreaks. Additional resistance genes such as erm(B), tet(M), aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, and aad6 were also characterized, contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study identified various aminoglycoside and β-lactam resistance genes in the infant gut microbiome, highlighting the presence of a diverse resistance reservoir even in the absence of antibiotic selective pressure.

Nine variants of gentamicin resistance genes were identified in Campylobacter, including six novel ones: aph(2'')-Ib, Ic, If1, If3, Ih, and aac(6')-Ie/aph(2'')-If2. The aph(2'')-Ig gene was shared between human and retail chicken isolates.

Nine variants of gentamicin resistance genes were identified in Campylobacter, including six novel ones: aph(2'')-Ib, Ic, If1, If3, Ih, and aac(6')-Ie/aph(2'')-If2. The aph(2'')-Ig gene was shared between human and retail chicken isolates.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Enterococcus faecalis isolated from retail chicken products in Japan, including aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, ant(6)-Ia, tet(L), tet(M), tet(O), and erm(B). These genes were associated with resistance to various antibiotics such as kanamycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, dihydrostreptomycin, oxytetracycline, and erythromycin.

The study identifies several AMR genes, including aac(6')-aph(2")-Ia, vanA, vanB, tetM, ermB, aph(3')-IIIa, and sat4, which are associated with resistance to aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, and streptothricin in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis.

The study identifies the aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia gene as responsible for high-level gentamicin resistance in Streptococcus agalactiae, which can be transferred via plasmid pIP501.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in enterococci from Turkish cheeses, including ermB, tetM, aph(3')-IIIa, cat, and aac(6')-Ieaph(2")-Ia, which confer resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, tetracycline, kanamycin, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol.

The aac(6')-Ie/aph(2'')-Ia gene, encoding a bifunctional aminoglycoside acetyltransferase/phosphotransferase, was identified as an efficient selectable marker for plastid transformation in tobacco, conferring resistance to tobramycin and gentamicin.

The study identified mecA and mecA Ss genes in methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) from street food in Taiwan, along with several other resistance genes such as ermA, ermC, tet(M), tet(K), tet(O), and aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, which confer resistance to oxacillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and gentamicin.

The study identified vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) strains carrying the vanA gene, along with multiple resistance genes such as mecA, ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA, msrB, tetM, ant(4')-Ia, aac(6')-Ie/aph(2'')-Ia, and aph(3')-IIIa. These strains exhibited high-level resistance to vancomycin and other antibiotics.

The study identified several tetracycline, macrolide, and aminoglycoside resistance genes in Lactobacillus isolates from chickens, highlighting the presence of resistance mechanisms in these bacteria.

The study identified aac(6')-Ie-aph(2"), aph(3')-IIIa, ant(4')-Ia, tetK, and tetM as the primary genes responsible for aminoglycoside and tetracycline resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the Southwest of Iran.

The study identified aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia as the predominant gene responsible for high-level gentamicin resistance, while aph(3')-IIIa was found in 40% of high-level streptomycin-resistant isolates.

The study identified several AMR genes in S. aureus isolates from nurses, including ermC, msrA, tetK, aac(6')-Ie/aph(2')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, and ant(4')-Ia, which conferred resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, and gentamicin.

The study identified multiple methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) strains in two Italian kennels, highlighting the presence of various resistance mechanisms including beta-lactam, aminoglycoside, macrolide, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol resistance genes.

The study highlights the spread of high-level gentamicin resistance in enterococci, primarily mediated by the aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia gene, which confers resistance to most aminoglycosides except streptomycin.

The paper discusses various bacterial enzymes involved in antibiotic resistance, including bifunctional enzymes that can inactivate multiple classes of antibiotics. It highlights the importance of beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, and other resistance mechanisms.

The study identified various AMR genes in MRSA isolates from Iranian ICUs, including genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracycline, and mupirocin.

The study identified several AMR genes in enterococcal isolates, including aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, ant(6')-Ia, ermB, msrA/B, tetK, tetL, tetM, vanB, vanC1, and optrA, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as gentamicin, streptomycin, macrolides, lincosamides, tetracyclines, vancomycin, and linezolid.

The study identified the aminoglycoside acetyltransferase AAC(6')-Ie-APH(2'')-Ia as a contributor to gentamicin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cystic fibrosis patients.

The study identified several AMR genes in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CNS) isolates from poultry in Poland, including blaZ, mecA, tetK, tetL, ermA, ermB, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, msrA/B, and cfr. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, methicillin, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, aminoglycosides, phenicols, oxazolidinones, pleuromutilins, and streptogramin A.

The study identified various AMR genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) isolates from Argentina, including mecA, blaZ, ermB, dfrG, aph(3')-III, ant(6)-Ia, tetM, and aac(6')-Ie-aph(2')-Ia. Mutations in gyrA (S84L) and grlA (S80I) were associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in multidrug-resistant staphylococci from high-frequency touched surfaces in London, including blaZ, qacA/B, dfrC, norA, ant(4')-Ib, AAC(6')-Ie-APH(2")-Ia, fusB, msrA, ermC, mphC, tetK, mupA, cat, dfrG, lnuA, fusC, aph3-IIIa, sat4A, vgaA, and others. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as penicillin, fusidic acid, mupirocin, tetracycline, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified several aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, ant(3")-III, aph(3')-IIIa, ant(6')-Ia) and the vancomycin resistance gene vanA in enterococci isolated from hospitalized patients in Northwest Iran. These genes were found to confer resistance to gentamicin and vancomycin, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant enterococci in the region.

The study identified several AMR genes in lactic acid bacteria isolated from dairy systems, including vanC2, vanA, ermB, aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia, tet(S), ant(4′)-Ia, tdc, cpd, int, mur-2ed, asa1, ccf, and hyl. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as vancomycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified several AMR genes in multidrug-resistant Enterococcus spp. isolated from wastewater treatment plants, including vancomycin resistance genes (vanA, vanM, vanG, vanC), macrolide resistance genes (ermB, msrC), tetracycline resistance genes (tetL), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aad(6'), aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, ant(9')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, SAT-4, ant(6')-Ia), chloramphenicol resistance gene (cat), dihydrofolate reductase genes (dfrE, dfrF, dfrG), and lincosamide resistance genes (InuB, InuG).

The study identified several AMR genes including mecA, vanA, vanB, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, ant(4')-Ia, and aph(3')-IIIa in staphylococci isolated from healthy children in Eastern Uganda. These genes were associated with resistance to methicillin, vancomycin, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified multidrug-resistant MRSA strains in farm rabbits, with resistance to tetracycline mediated by the tet(K) gene and resistance to gentamicin mediated by the aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia gene.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Glaesserella parasuis, including bla ROB−1, aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia, sul2, aph(3′)-Ib, norA, bacA, ksgA, and bcr, which contribute to resistance against beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, and multiple antibiotics.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in MRSA isolates from bloodstream infections, including blaZ, ermA, ermC, msrA/B, mphC, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, and ant(4')-Ia, which conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, and aminoglycosides.

The study identifies mutations in the rpoB gene leading to rifampicin resistance in Staphylococcus capitis, along with changes in aminoglycoside susceptibility due to mutations in aac(6')-Ie, ant(4')-Ib, and a hypothetical protein. These mutations were experimentally validated and linked to altered resistance profiles and fitness advantages.

The study identified high prevalence of multidrug-resistant ST239 isolates with strong biofilm-producing ability. Key AMR genes included mupA, fusC, erm(A), erm(C), ant(4')-Ia, aac(6')-Ie/aph(2''), aph(3')-IIIa, tetM, and tetK.

The study identifies various aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (AMEs) in gram-negative bacteria causing human infections, including aac(6′)-lb, aac(3′)-I, aph(3′)-VI, aac(3′)-II, ant(2′)-I, ant(4′)-IIb, aph(2′)-Ib, aph(2′)-Ic, aph(2′)-Id, aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2′)-Ia, and aph(3′)-IIIa. These AMEs confer resistance to multiple aminoglycosides such as amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, and netilmicin.

The study identified the oxazolidinone resistance gene optrA in Enterococcus faecalis isolates from Bangladesh, along with other resistance genes such as erm(B), aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, tet(M), and tet(L). Mutations in gyrA and parC were associated with levofloxacin resistance.

The study identifies a novel integrative conjugative element, ICE Hpa1, carrying seven distinct resistance genes in Haemophilus parasuis, highlighting its role in multidrug resistance.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in bacterial isolates from chronic non-healing wounds, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, macrolide resistance genes, and others. These genes were found in various bacterial species such as E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and others.

The study identifies multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST188 and various Klebsiella pneumoniae strains with distinct resistance mechanisms, highlighting the role of colonization in causing infections in ICU patients.

The study identifies multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST188 and various Klebsiella pneumoniae strains with distinct resistance mechanisms, highlighting the role of colonization in causing infections in ICU patients.

All 31 MRSP isolates were multidrug-resistant, showing resistance to penicillin, macrolides, lincosamides, aminoglycosides, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Key resistance genes identified include blaZ, ermB, msr(A/B), aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, ant(4')-Ia, tetM, tetK, and dfrG.

The study characterizes the antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in Staphylococcus argenteus isolates from North America, highlighting the presence of mecA, mgrA, arlR, mepR, blaZ, fosB, lmrS, and aac(6')-Ie-APH(2')-Ia, which confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in ESKAPEE pathogens, including vanA, vanB, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaOXA, blaVEB, blaVIM, blaNDM, aac(6')-Ib, aadB, ermC, qnrS1, and gyrA mutations, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance in these isolates.

The study identified tetracycline, erythromycin, streptomycin, and gentamicin resistance genes in Enterococcus spp. isolated from intensive pig farming in South Africa, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains and the potential for transmission to humans.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in Campylobacter spp. isolated from a yellow-feathered broiler slaughterhouse, highlighting high levels of multidrug resistance.

The study identified tetracycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, and penicillin resistance genes in enterococci from broilers, with no vancomycin-resistant isolates found.

The study identified several AMR genes in Streptococcus suis serotype 7 strains, including tetracycline resistance genes (tet(O), tet(M), tet(W)), macrolide/lincosamide/streptogramin resistance gene (erm(B)), aminoglycoside resistance genes (ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia), trimethoprim resistance gene (dfrF), and chloramphenicol resistance gene (cat-TC).

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Enterococcus faecium isolates, including pbp5, vanA, vanB, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, gyrA, parC, tet(L), tet(M), tet(S), and 23S rRNA. These genes and mutations were validated experimentally and showed high accuracy in predicting antimicrobial resistance.

The study identified mecC-positive MRSA strains ST425-t742 and ST130-t843 in surface waters, along with various AMR genes such as mecC, blaZ, ermT, msr(A/B), vgaA, tetL, mecA, mph(C), aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, dfrA, fusB, and catpC221 in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Staphylococcus epidermidis, including norA, dfrC, mecA, mecR1, qacA, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, msrA, and mgrA, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones, methicillin, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified several AMR genes in Staphylococcus isolates from Novosibirsk, Russia, including mecA, blaZ, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, ant(4')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, ermA, ermC, msrA, norA, dfrC, fosB, and mphC, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, quinolones, and other antibiotics.

The study identified vanA and vanB genes in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates, along with tet(M) and erm(B) genes associated with tetracycline and macrolide resistance, respectively. Aminoglycoside resistance was mediated by aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2′)-Ia and aph(3′)-IIIa genes.

The study characterizes various tetracycline and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus genetic lineages circulating in Spanish hospitals, identifying multiple AMR genes including blaZ, tetK, tetL, tetM, ermC, ermB, ant(4')-Ia, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, mupA, and fusB.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in C. difficile isolates from Mexico, including cfrE, ermB, aadE, aadA27, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, catP, blaCDD2, blaCCD1, tetM, tetO, tetB, tetA, and cdeA, along with mutations in rpoB, rpoC, fusA, and pbp2 associated with resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identifies the presence of the aminoglycoside resistance gene aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, the plasmid-associated gene erm(C) conferring resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins, and the methicillin resistance gene mecA in the PVL-positive ST22 CA-MRSA strain Lr2 from Pakistan.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cattle, farm workers, and their environment, highlighting the potential for transmission between hosts and the need for monitoring AMR in One Health contexts.

The paper reviews antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods for Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, highlighting the roles of various AMR genes such as aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, vanA, vanB, cfr, optrA, and poxtA in conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, vancomycin, and oxazolidinones.

The study identifies the aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia gene as the principal contributor to high-level gentamicin resistance in Enterococcus species isolated in Northern India.

The study identified aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, ant(6')-Ia, and tet(M) as key genes contributing to aminoglycoside and tetracycline resistance in Enterococcus spp. isolated from wild birds.

The review discusses various mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in bacteria, including resistance genes such as blaCTX-M, ermB, tet(O), vanA, vanB, and aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, as well as mutations in gyrA, gyrB, and 23S rRNA associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and other antibiotics.

The study identifies four novel ICEHpa1 variants (ICE Gpa1818, ICE Gpa1808, ICE Gpa1807, and ICE Gpa1815) carrying diverse resistance genes, including tetracycline, streptomycin, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim, florfenicol, and amoxicillin resistance genes.

The study identifies various AMR genes in Enterococcus faecium, including vanA, vanB, ermB, ermT, ermA, aad(6), aph(3')-IIIa, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2')-Ia, sat-4, tetM, tet(W/N/W), dfrG, dfrF, lnuB, optrA, and lsaE, which are associated with different habitats and geographic locations.

The study identifies various AMR genes in Enterococcus faecium, including vanA, vanB, ermB, ermT, ermA, aad(6), aph(3')-IIIa, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2')-Ia, sat-4, tetM, tet(W/N/W), dfrG, dfrF, lnuB, optrA, and lsaE, which are associated with different habitats and geographic locations.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Enterococcus isolates from various aquatic environments, highlighting the role of anthropogenic pressure in the spread of antibiotic-resistant enterococci.

The study identified several AMR genes in Enterococcus, Pseudomonas, and Staphylococcus sp. strains, including beta-lactamases, chloramphenicol acetyltransferases, macrolide resistance determinants, efflux pump genes, and sulfonamide resistance proteins. These genes contribute to resistance against various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides.

The study identified several AMR genes, including ermB, tetM, tetL, optrA, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-la, ant(6')-Ia, and Int-Tn, in high-level erythromycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolates from bulk tank milk in Korea.

The study found that organic and alternative pig farming practices are associated with reduced antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) compared to conventional farming. Specific AMR genes such as mecA, blaZ, blaPC1, and others were more prevalent in conventional farms, while organic farms showed lower levels of AMR genes for aminoglycosides, phenicols, and tetracyclines.

The study identified several acquired and intrinsic antimicrobial resistance genes in lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria, including tetW, ANT(6)-Ia, aac(6')-Ie-APH(2'')-Ia, erm(B), erm(49), cat, dfrG, arr-4, and fosXCC. Additionally, mutations in S12, rsmG, Lsa(A), MsrC, and PBP5 were associated with resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from retail poultry meat in Edo, Nigeria, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant MRSA and the presence of virulence factors that pose a public health concern.

The study identified various plasmid-borne antimicrobial resistance genes in Malaysian MRSA isolates, including ermC, cat, tetK, tetL, aadD, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, lnuA, cadAC, cadDX, copB, mco, arsB, arsC, and qacA, contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study identified various plasmid-borne antimicrobial resistance genes in Malaysian MRSA isolates, including ermC, cat, tetK, tetL, aadD, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, lnuA, cadAC, cadDX, copB, mco, arsB, arsC, and qacA, contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study identifies vancomycin intermediate-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus SH-1 carrying multiple drug resistance genes and novel mutations in WalK gene associated with vancomycin resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes in Clostridium perfringens isolates from China, including mprF, tetA(P), tetB(P), ErmQ, LnuP, AAC(6′)-Ie-APH(2″)-Ia, ANT(6)-Ib, tet44, and ErmB, which confer resistance to antibiotics such as penicillin, tetracycline, clindamycin, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in MRSA isolates from Benin, including mecA, aac(6')-Ie/aph(2")-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, blaI, blaR1, blaZ, mecI, mecR1, fosB, erm(C), mph(C), msr(A), qacC, dfrG, and dfrS1, along with mutations in glpT, murA, gyrA, and parC associated with resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bovine mastitis in Thuringia, Germany, including blaZ, blaI, blaR, blaPC, mecA, tetM, tetK, ermA, dfrG, dfrK, ant(6)-Ia, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2"), aadD1, ant(9)-Ia, ant(4')-Ia, aph(2")-Ih, gyrA_S84L, and parC_S80F/Y.

The study focuses on the discovery and development of inhibitors targeting the acetyltransferase Eis, which is responsible for aminoglycoside resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Eis was shown to confer resistance to kanamycin and amikacin.

The study identified vancomycin resistance genes (vanA), erythromycin resistance genes (ermC), beta-lactam resistance gene (pbp5), aminoglycoside resistance gene (aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia), and penicillin resistance gene (blaZ) in Enterococcus isolates from cheese. These isolates also showed multidrug resistance and biofilm formation capabilities.

The study identified various AMR genes in Staphylococcaceae strains isolated from dogs in a Kenyan animal shelter, including tetracycline, beta-lactam, and aminoglycoside resistance genes.

The study found no significant increase in clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance gene burden in critically ill children treated with SDD-enhanced infection control compared to standard care.

The study identifies various antimicrobial resistance genes in Clostridioides difficile isolates from children, including those conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, glycopeptides, lincosamides, tetracyclines, and others. Notably, the pCD-METRO plasmid and vanA/B were not detected, indicating alternative resistance mechanisms.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in Campylobacter isolates from retail chicken in Hanoi, Vietnam, including aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadE, aadA9, aph(2'')-If, aac(6')-Ie/aph(2'')-Ia), erythromycin resistance gene ermB, tetracycline resistance gene tet(O), beta-lactam resistance gene blaOXA-193, and a quinolone resistance mutation (T86I) in gyrA.

The study identified 22 different resistance genes and gene variants, including erm(B), aph(3')-IIIa, aadE, catA, lnu(C), blaOXA, sat4, tet(O), and point mutations in gyrA, 23S rRNA, and rpsL, associated with antimicrobial resistance in thermotolerant Campylobacter spp.

The study identifies the aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia gene as a novel aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme responsible for high-level gentamicin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis PJI isolates.

The study identified multiple AMR genes including aac(6')-Ie/aph(2'')-Ia, tetM, dfrK, ermC, and dfrC in MRSA isolates from horses, staff, and the environment. Additionally, mutations in folP, gyrA, and rpoB were found to confer resistance to sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, and rifampicin respectively.

The study identified tetracycline resistance gene tet(L), aminoglycoside resistance gene aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-la, and macrolide/lincosamide/streptogramin B resistance gene ermB in Enterococcus isolates from meat samples.

The study identified aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia and aph(3')-IIIa genes contributing to aminoglycoside resistance, along with vanA gene causing vancomycin resistance in VRE isolates. Linezolid and tigecycline resistance were also observed.

The study identified a bovine isolate carrying the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase gene blaTEM-116, highlighting concerns about antimicrobial resistance in dairy farm environments. Multiple antimicrobial resistance genes were detected in both bovine and human isolates, including genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines, penicillins, fosfomycin, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in odontogenic abscesses using NGS, including genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, penicillins, and others. Notably, Fusobacterium showed resistance to clindamycin.

The study presents a comprehensive meta-analysis of antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from mammalian wild game, highlighting the prevalence of various AMR genes and mutations across different bacterial species.

The study identified aac(6')-Ie-aph(2''), aph(2'')-Ib, and ant(4')-Ia genes as the most prevalent aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes in MRSA and MSSA isolates from Ardabil, Iran.

The study presents a rapid whole-genome sequencing workflow (LC-WGS) for diagnosing bloodstream infections, demonstrating accurate identification of bacterial pathogens and detection of clinically relevant resistance markers within 4.2 hours. The workflow successfully identified various AMR genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla DHA-1, bla KPC-2, bla KPC-3, bla NDM-1, bla OXA-23, armA, mecA, vanRSHAXYZ, aac(6')-Ie/aph(2'')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, aac(6')-I, sul1, and dfrA17.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations in C. difficile PCR ribotype 176, including a novel 23S rRNA methyltransferase mrmA associated with high-level erythromycin resistance. It also characterizes mutations in gyrA, rpoB, pbp1, and pbp3 contributing to resistance against fluoroquinolones, rifampicin, and carbapenems, along with the aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia gene and ermB gene for aminoglycoside and macrolide resistance, respectively.

The study identified bla SHV and aac(6')-Ie-aph(2')-Ia genes in non-cholera Vibrio strains from Guanabara Bay, Brazil, contributing to beta-lactam and aminoglycoside resistance.

The study identifies the first linezolid-resistant Enterococcus cecorum strain (2023EC-GS-SDAU-1) in China carrying the optrA/fexA resistance gene cluster, highlighting the emergence of oxazolidinone resistance in poultry and the need for enhanced surveillance.

The study identifies the first linezolid-resistant Enterococcus cecorum strain (2023EC-GS-SDAU-1) in China carrying the optrA/fexA resistance gene cluster, highlighting the emergence of oxazolidinone resistance in poultry and the need for enhanced surveillance.

The study identified aac(6)-Ie-aph(2)-Ia, ant(6)-Ia, and ant(4′)-Ia genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides in Lactobacillaceae strains, along with a rpsL mutation causing streptomycin resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes, including vanA, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, ant(6')-Ia, and ant(3'')-Ia, which confer resistance to vancomycin, gentamicin, and streptomycin in Enterococcus isolates. High levels of multidrug resistance and biofilm formation were also observed.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Enterococcus faecalis isolates from rabbit carcasses, including aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, ermB, tetM, and tetL, which were consistent with the observed phenotypic resistance patterns.

The study identified a PnimB promoter mutation associated with reduced metronidazole susceptibility in ST1 strains, a Thr82Ile mutation in gyrA linked to fluoroquinolone resistance, and various efflux pump and resistance genes such as qacG, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, ermB, tetM, and CDD-1/CDD-2. High multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in ST1 and ST37 strains.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Staphylococcus isolates from small- to medium-scale and large-scale dairy farms in Thailand, highlighting differences in resistance profiles between farm types.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes in ST965-MRSA, including blaI-blaR-blaZ, erm(B), erm(C), aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, mepA, mepR, cadD, cadC, and the plasmid pYF965, which contribute to multidrug resistance and hospital adaptation.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci associated with mastitis, including blaZ, mecA, tetK, tetM, aphA3, aacA-aphD, aadD, ermA, msrA, mphC, lnuB, and vanA, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as β-lactams, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and glycopeptides.

The study identified several aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(6')-Ie+aph(2"), ant(4')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, ant(6)-Ia) and quaternary ammonium compound resistance genes (qacA/B, qacC, qacD, smr) in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cockroaches in hospital environments. Additionally, the vanA gene was detected in one isolate, indicating vancomycin resistance.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in four multidrug-resistant Mammaliicoccus sciuri isolates from farm ruminants in Peninsular Malaysia, including mecA, ermY, mphC, msrA, tetL, tetS, aadD, ant(6)-Ia, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, fexA, icaA, icaB, icaC, icaD, icaR, sspA, ndk, and lgt. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics, including β-lactams, macrolides, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and chloramphenicol.