The study characterizes In53, a unique class 1 integron in Escherichia coli that carries multiple antibiotic resistance gene cassettes, including aadB, arr-2, cmlA5, qacI, aacA1b/orfG, oxa10, and aadA1, each contributing to resistance against various antibiotics.

The study identifies class 1 integrons in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolates, including the aadA, aadA1, aadA2, and dfrXII genes, which confer resistance to streptomycin, spectinomycin, and trimethoprim.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including aadB, catB3, aadA1, and oxa1, carried by IncFI plasmids in Salmonella enterica Typhimurium, highlighting the role of integrons in expanding drug resistance.

The study characterizes the class 1 integrons In28 and In1, identifying the genes blaP1, cmlA1, and aadA1 as conferring resistance to carbenicillin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and spectinomycin.

The study characterizes the class 1 integron In33 (Tn2521) and identifies the genes blaP1a and aadA1, which confer resistance to carbenicillin, ampicillin, streptomycin, and spectinomycin.

The study characterizes the multiresistance plasmid pJHCMW1 from Klebsiella pneumoniae, identifying four antibiotic resistance genes: aac(6')-Ib, aadA1, blaOXA-9, and blaTEM-1.

The study identified the aadA1 gene cassette within class I integrons in pre-O139 Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor strains, which confers resistance to aminoglycosides, streptomycin, and spectinomycin. The SXT element was prevalent in post-O139 strains and contributed to resistance against streptomycin and trimethoprim.

The study identifies the presence of a class I integron with the aadA1 gene cassette and an SXT constin in Vibrio cholerae O1 strains from Laos, which confer resistance to multiple antibiotics including streptomycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole.

The study identifies a novel trimethoprim resistance gene, dfrA23, on a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium virulence plasmid, along with other resistance genes such as aadB, blaOXA-30, and aadA1.

The study identifies high-level fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates with mutations in gyrA (S83F, D87N/G) and parC (S80R), along with resistance genes blaOXA-30, aadA1, dhfr12, aadA2, aac3, catA, and tetRA.

The study identified various gene cassettes within class 1 integrons in multiple antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria from the River Torsa in India, including dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA12, dfrA17, aac(6')-Ib, aadA1, aadA6, and a novel ORF with homology to dfrA1.

The study identifies several tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(C), tet(33)) and gene cassettes (aadA1, aadA2, aadA9, aadA11, dfrA1, dfrB2a) associated with class 1 integrons in various bacterial species isolated from pigsties and manured soil.

The study identifies numerous resistance genes in the multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain AYE, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and others, highlighting the complexity of its resistance mechanisms.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter sp. isolates, including bla ADC, bla OXA-69-like, bla OXA-23-like, bla OXA-58-like, bla TEM, bla PER, aacC1, aacC2, aadA1, aadB, and aphA6, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as ceftazidime, cefepime, imipenem, meropenem, ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, gentamicin, tobramycin, streptomycin, spectinomycin, amikacin, kanamycin, and neomycin.

The study identified the aadA1 gene as a major contributor to streptomycin resistance in commensal E. coli strains from broiler chickens, highlighting the impact of antimicrobial usage on resistance development.

The study identified various acquired antibiotic resistance genes in commensal E. coli isolates from a remote community with minimal antibiotic exposure, including blaTEM, catI, cmlA6, tet(A), tet(B), dfrA1, dfrA7, dfrA8, dfrA17, sul1, sul2, aphA1, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aadB, and sat-1. These genes were found to be similar to those seen in antibiotic-exposed settings, indicating the dissemination of resistant bacteria and resistance genes from such environments.

The study identifies blaOXA-30 and aadA1 as key genes contributing to antibiotic resistance in Shigella spp., highlighting the role of integrons in multidrug resistance.

The study characterizes the multiresistance plasmid pMET1 from Klebsiella pneumoniae, identifying several AMR genes including bla TEM-1, aac(6')-Ib, aadA1, and bla OXA-9, which confer resistance to beta-lactams and aminoglycosides.

The study identifies the presence of class 2 integrons carrying dfrA1, sat, and aadA1 cassettes in Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates from Accra, Ghana, which confer resistance to trimethoprim and streptomycin.

The paper describes a DNA microarray for genotyping antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, identifying several resistance genes and mutations associated with various antibiotics.

The study identified a high prevalence of multidrug-tolerant bacteria and various antimicrobial resistance genes in ornamental fish and their carriage water, highlighting the potential risk of resistance gene spread through the aquatic environment.

The study identifies several antibiotic resistance genes in the enteroaggregative E. coli strain 042, including cat, tetA, aadA1, suI, and emrE, which contribute to resistance against chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin, spectinomycin, sulfonamide, and ethidium bromide.

The paper discusses various aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, particularly focusing on AAC(6')-Ib, AAC(6')-Ib-cr, and AAC(6')-Ib 11, which confer resistance to aminoglycosides like amikacin and gentamicin, and in some cases, quinolones.

The study identified class 1 integrons carrying aadA1 and dfrA1 gene cassettes in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) isolates from retail meat products, contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study characterizes various AbaR genomic resistance islands in Acinetobacter baumannii strains of European clone I, identifying multiple AMR genes such as blaTEM-1, aacC1, aadA1, aacA4, dfrA1, catA1, sul1, and tetA, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from pets and horses in Switzerland, including blaOXA-66, blaADC-25, blaTEM-1, aacC2, aadA1, aacC1, IS1133, ISAb1, and mutations in gyrA and parC genes associated with resistance to carbapenems, cephalosporins, piperacillin/tazobactam, gentamicin, and ciprofloxacin.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in a multidrug-resistant E. coli strain, including blaNDM-1, blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M-15, and others, along with chromosomal mutations in gyrA, parC, ompC, and ompF contributing to resistance.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations in the multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain MDR-ZJ06, including bla oxa-23, armA, and various efflux pumps, contributing to resistance against multiple antibiotics.

The study identified QRDR mutations in gyrA and parC, as well as the aac(6')-Ib-cr gene, class 1 and class 2 integrons, and various resistance genes including blaTEM-1, catA1, dfrA1, dfrA17, aadA1, aadA5, strA, tet, and aphA1-Ia in ETEC strains, contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from poultry meat in Tunisia, including blaTEM, aadA1, aadA2, dfrA1, sul1, sul2, sul3, strA-strB, cmlA, and tet(A). These genes contribute to resistance against multiple antibiotics such as ampicillin, sulfonamides, streptomycin, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline.

The study identifies several beta-lactamase genes (blaOXA-20, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-58, blaOXA-72) and other resistance genes (aadA1, satR, dhfr, merRCAD, feoAB, czc, ars) associated with multidrug resistance in epidemic Acinetobacter baumannii strains.

This paper characterizes several beta-lactamases, including TEM-1, SHV-1, CTX-M-15, and NDM-1, which confer resistance to various beta-lactam antibiotics. It also identifies erm(B) and mef(A) as mechanisms of macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B resistance. Additionally, aadA1 and aac(6')-Ib are noted for aminoglycoside resistance, while catA1 and floR contribute to chloramphenicol resistance. The vanA gene is associated with glycopeptide resistance, and mcr-1 is linked to polymyxin resistance.

The study identifies a 21.4 kb plasmid pECTm80 carrying a class 2 integron with gene cassettes dfrA1, sat2, and ΔaadA1, which confer resistance to trimethoprim, streptothricin, and streptomycin/spectinomycin respectively.

The study demonstrates that natural transformation facilitates the transfer of transposons, integrons, and gene cassettes between bacterial species, leading to the acquisition of antibiotic resistance traits. Specific resistance genes such as aadB, blaIMP-5, blaOXA-30, dfrA12, aadA2, and aacA4 were identified and characterized.

The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes in Salmonella plasmids, including beta-lactamases (bla CTX, bla CMY, bla TEM), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA1, aadA2, strA, strB), tetracycline resistance gene (tetA), chloramphenicol resistance gene (cmlA), sulfonamide resistance gene (sul2), and genes conferring resistance to heavy metals and disinfectants (sugE, arsR, cusR, silE, qacH).

The study presents a microarray-based serogenotyping assay for Salmonella, demonstrating high correlation between genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. Several AMR genes were identified and validated, showing strong association with AMR phenotypes.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes in the multidrug-resistant plasmid pR148 from Aeromonas hydrophila, including blaOXA-10, aadA1, sul1, catA2, and tetA, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, chloramphenicol, and tetracyclines, respectively.

The study identifies and characterizes the aacA3, arr3, and aadA1 genes within class 1 integrons in Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, which confer resistance to various aminoglycosides and rifampicin.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including aadA1, floR, dfrA14, sulI, and tetA, in Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and Infantis from broilers in Iran. These genes were associated with resistance to streptomycin, florfenicol, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline, respectively. Additionally, a single mutation in the gyrA gene was found to confer resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin.

The study identified aadA1 and qnr as the most prevalent antibiotic resistance genes in UPEC strains, with high resistance to penicillin and tetracycline.

Class 1 integrons containing gene cassettes encoding resistance to streptomycin, spectinomycin, and trimethoprim were detected in captive brush-tailed rock wallabies, suggesting acquisition from human or domestic animal sources.

The study identified the emergence of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis isolates carrying blaTEM-52, blaTEM-20, blaCTX-M-25, and blaCMY-2 genes, which confer resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and other beta-lactams. Additionally, non-beta-lactam resistance genes such as aadA1, sul1, tet(A), and aphA1-Iab were prevalent.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and resistance islands in three multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, highlighting the role of genomic plasticity in the dissemination of resistance mechanisms.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in soil and on vegetables, including genes conferring resistance to tetracycline, aminoglycosides, erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole, and beta-lactams. The presence of these genes was influenced by manure fertilization, with certain genes more frequently detected in manured soils.

The study identifies the presence of multiple antibiotic resistance genes in the multidrug-resistant Enterobacter cloacae strain EC_38VIM1, including the metallo-beta-lactamase gene blaVIM-1, aadA1, aacA4, qnrA1, catB2, and dfrB1.

The study identifies multidrug-resistant Providencia rettgeri clinical isolates in Nepal carrying bla NDM-1, bla OXA-72, and armA genes, which confer resistance to carbapenems and aminoglycosides.

The study identifies various AMR genes in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium monophasic variant 4,[5],12:i:- strains, including aac(3)-IV, bla TEM-1, cmlA1, aadA1, aadA2, strA, sul1, sul2, sul3, tet(A), tet(B), and dfrA12, which confer resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli isolates from diarrheic calves in Iran, including aadA1, sul1, aac[3]-IV, dfrA1, tetA, and tetB, which confer resistance to streptomycin, sulfonamide, gentamicin, trimethoprim, and tetracycline.

The study identified several AMR genes in Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A, including blaTEM-1, catA, sul1, sul2, dfrA15, aadA1, strA, strB, and intI1, which contribute to resistance against various antibiotics such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, streptomycin, and others.

The study identified various AMR genes, including bla TEM, dfr, strB, tet(A), and tet(B), in Gram-negative fecal bacteria from volunteers treated with amoxicillin, minocycline, or placebo. The prevalence of these genes increased significantly in the amoxicillin-treated group.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in commensal E. coli from dairy and beef cattle, including blaTEM, blaSHV, aadA1, tetA, tetB, and tetC. These genes conferred resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, and tetracycline. Dairy cattle isolates showed higher resistance rates compared to beef cattle.

The study identified IncP-1ε plasmids carrying genes such as tet(A), sul1, qacEΔ1, intI1, and aadA1, which confer resistance to tetracycline, sulfadiazine, quaternary ammonium compounds, and streptomycin.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Choleraesuis strains, including blaTEM, strA, strB, aadA1, aadA2, aphA1, aacC2, tetB, sul1, sul2, dhfrXII, and dhfrXIII. Additionally, mutations in the QRDRs of gyrA and parC were associated with quinolone resistance.

The study identified bla CTX-M-15, aac (3)-IIa, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, qnrB4, qnrS1, aac (6')-Ib-cr, bla OXA-1, bla TEM-1B, bla SHV-12, bla CMY-42, bla DHA-1, mphA, ermB, catA1, catB3, sul1, sul2, dfrA12, dfrA17, dfrA1, dfrA5, tetA, tetB, and tetD as key AMR genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates in Nepal, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance.

The study characterizes various antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) in Aeromonas strains, highlighting the presence of beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and others. These genes are often located on plasmids and contribute to multidrug resistance.

The study reports the draft genome sequence of MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain VRFPA09, identifying several AMR genes including blaVeb-1, blaOXA-10, aadA1, aph(3')Iib, Sul1, CatB7, TetG, dfrB5, and fosA, which contribute to resistance against various antibiotics.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, including beta-lactamases (bla SHV, bla TEM, bla CTX-M), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aacC1, aacC4, aadA1, strB), carbapenemase (bla KPC-2), and quinolone resistance gene (qnrB). Additionally, a gyrA mutation (S83L) was found to confer quinolone resistance.

The study reports the first description of a class 1 integron in an environmental isolate of Rahnella aquatilis, harboring the dfrA1-aadA1 gene cassette array and the blaTEM gene, contributing to resistance against trimethoprim, streptomycin, spectinomycin, ampicillin, and piperacillin.

The study identifies several AMR genes in the A320 strain of Acinetobacter baumannii, including blaTEM, aacC1, aadA1, sul1, catA1, and aphA1b, which confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified blaOXA-23 and blaAmpC genes contributing to carbapenem and extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance, and mutations in pmrA, pmrB, lpxD, lpxC, and lpsB genes linked to polymyxin resistance in A. baumannii AC30.

The study characterizes the multidrug-resistant plasmid pEC302/04 from an extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli strain, identifying several AMR genes including blaTEM-1, aadA1, aadB, cmlA, and sul1, which confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified various aminoglycoside resistance genes and novel transposons, including Tn6279, ΔTn6279, and Tn1548-like structures, contributing to the resistance of carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates.

The draft genome sequence of Proteus mirabilis NO-051/03 reveals the presence of multiple acquired resistance genes, including blaCMY-16 and blaTEM-1b, which confer resistance to β-lactams, as well as genes for resistance to aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, trimethoprim, and sulfonamides. Additionally, mutations in gyrA, gyrB, and parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study presents SSTAR, a software tool for identifying antimicrobial resistance (AR) genes from whole-genome sequencing data. It detects known AR genes and potential new variants, including truncated forms. The tool was applied to analyze resistance genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae ST437 and Escherichia coli ST44, revealing various beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside resistance genes, and porin mutations contributing to resistance.

The study identified 65 unique resistance genes in nontyphoidal Salmonella, including bla CTX-M1 and bla SHV2a, which were first reported in retail meat isolates in the United States. The research highlights the effectiveness of whole-genome sequencing in detecting antimicrobial resistance genes and correlating them with phenotypic resistance.

The study identifies antibiotic resistance genes and genomic islands in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, highlighting the role of horizontal gene transfer in the acquisition of multidrug resistance and fitness-related genes.

The study identifies the bla NDM-1 gene as a major cause of carbapenem resistance in Vibrio fluvialis isolates from Kolkata, India. Several additional resistance genes, including aadA1, aadB, aac(6')-Ib-cr, sul1, sul3, floR, bla OXA-1, bla OXA-7, bla OXA-9, bla TEM-9, bla CTX-M-3, strA, and tetB, were also characterized.

The study identified numerous antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from river water, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant and extraintestinal pathogenic strains. Key resistance genes included blaTEM-1, aac(3)-IId, qnrB7, and others.

The study identifies carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter indicus-like isolates from cattle carrying the blaOXA-23 gene, along with various other AMR genes such as aac(3)-IIa, strA/B, aph(3')-Ic, sul2, floR, tet(A), tet(Y), aadA1, aadB, sul1, and tet(X).

The study identifies several AMR genes in ST95 E. coli strains, including blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M14, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aac3, strA, strB, tetA, tetB, tetD, sul1, sul2, dfrA5, dfrA12, dfrA17, mphA, and catA1, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, cephalothin, streptomycin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, azithromycin, and chloramphenicol.

The study reports the first identification of Salmonella genomic island 1 (SGI1) in a multidrug-resistant clinical isolate of Morganella morganii subsp. morganii, carrying resistance genes dfrA15, floR, tetA(G), blaCARB-2, and sul1, conferring resistance to trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ticarcillin, and sulfonamides, respectively.

The study identified various AMR genes including dfrA1, dfrA7, dfrA12, aadA1, aadA2, sul1, tetA, aacC1, TEM, SHV, CTX-M, OXA, NDM-1, IMP, VIM, ACT, DHA, and CMY in E. coli isolates from children in Delhi, India. These genes were associated with resistance to multiple antibiotics such as trimethoprim, streptomycin, sulfonamides, tetracycline, gentamicin, and various beta-lactams.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in the multidrug-resistant, heat-resistant E. coli strain FAM21845, including beta-lactamase blaTEM-1, aminoglycoside resistance genes strA, strB, aadA1, aph(3')-Ic, aph(4)-Ia, aac(3)-IVa, sulfonamide resistance gene sul1, trimethoprim resistance gene dfrA1, tetracycline resistance gene tet(B), disinfectant resistance gene qacEΔ1, and biofilm-related genes mrkABCDF. Additionally, the strain carried genes for resistance to arsenic, silver, and copper.

The study characterized a large antibiotic resistance plasmid, pB171_90, from EPEC strain B171, identifying several AMR genes including aadA1, sul1, tetA, tetR, qacE Δ 1, csi, hha, and traI.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from raw meat, including blaCMY, tet(A), and sul1, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides, respectively.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including sul1, sul2, floR, aadA1, aac(6')-Ib, blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaPSE, blaNDM-1, qacEΔ1, pcoA/copA, chrB, and pcoR, in bacterial isolates from seafood. These genes conferred resistance to sulfonamides, phenicols, aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, and heavy metals.

The study demonstrates the feasibility of rapid nanopore sequencing for detecting plasmid-borne antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in clinical isolates. It identifies several AMR genes, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, sulfonamide resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, macrolide resistance genes, and phenicol resistance genes, in both Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.

The study identifies a VIM-1 carbapenemase-producing E. coli isolate from retail seafood in Germany, highlighting the presence of multiple resistance genes including blaVIM-1, aacA4, aadA1, aph(3')-XV, catB2, qnrS1, blaSHV-12, blaACC-1, strA-like, strB-like, dfrA14-like, mph(A), sul1, and sul2.

The study identified 18 antibiotic resistance genes in the multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii DMS06669 strain, including eight novel genes not previously reported in A. baumannii. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotic classes, including aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, phenicols, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, and rifampicins.

The study identifies a novel IncA/C1 conjugative plasmid, pIncAC_KP4898, which carries the blaVIM-1 gene and other resistance genes, mediating carbapenem resistance in ST104 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from neonates in the NICU of V. Monaldi Hospital in Naples.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in marine fish isolates, including blaTEM, Class I integron, tetA, aph(3')-IIIa, ermB, aadA, and sul1, indicating a potential risk of antibiotic resistance transmission to humans through the food chain.

The study identified aadA1 and dfrA1 genes in Salmonella isolates, which confer resistance to streptomycin, spectinomycin, and trimethoprim. These genes were found in Infantis and Dublin isolates, respectively.

The study identified a high prevalence of CTX-M-15-type ESBL-producing E. coli in migratory avian species in Pakistan, highlighting the role of wild birds as reservoirs of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the potential for horizontal gene transfer of resistance determinants.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations contributing to multidrug resistance in Vibrio fluvialis BD146, including blaOXA10, arr3, aadA1, cmlA, dfrVI, qnrVC5, and BDint, as well as mutations in gyrA and parC.

The IncHI2 plasmid pSTM6-275 from Salmonella enterica carries multiple antibiotic and heavy-metal resistance genes, including blaTEM, strA, strB, sul3, aadA1, aadA2, cmlA, aphA2, tetA, mejB, silESRCFBAGP, and pcoGE1ABCDRSE2, which confer resistance to various antibiotics and metals. The plasmid exhibits temperature-dependent resistance to silver and copper, highlighting its adaptability under changing physiological conditions.

The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes within integron gene cassettes in wastewater treatment plants, including aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, blaOXA-1, blaOXA-10, blaOXA-101, blaOXA-129, blaOXA-21, blaOXA-28, catB8, dfrA14, erm, qacE2, sul1, tet, orfD, and orfA, which confer resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and quaternary ammonium compounds.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Haemophilus parasuis isolates from pigs in China, including blaTEM-1, blaROB-1, ermB, ermA, flor, catl, tetB, tetC, rmtB, rmtD, aadA1, aac(3′)-IIc, sul1, and sul2. Additionally, mutations in the gyrA and parC genes were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in STEC O117:H7 isolates, including the azithromycin resistance gene mphA, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, blaTEM-1B, blaTEM-1C, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA, dfrA5, ermB, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, tet(A), tet(B), qnrs1, and a mutation in gyrA (S83L) associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identifies and characterizes the multidrug resistance plasmid p3PS10 in Piscirickettsia salmonis, which carries genes conferring resistance to chloramphenicol (cat2), tetracyclines (tetA(t31)), aminoglycosides (aadA1, sat1), and sulfonamides (sul2).

The study identified several AMR genes in Salmonella isolates from Ghana, including blaTEM-1B, blaTEM-52B, blaCTX-M-15, tet(A), dfrA15, sul1, sul2, catA1, strA, strB, aadA1, catB3, qnrB1, aac(6')Ib-cr, and blaOXA-1. These genes were found on various plasmids, highlighting the diversity of resistance mechanisms in the studied isolates.

The study identified several gene cassettes associated with antimicrobial resistance in multidrug-resistant Citrobacter isolates, including aadA1, aadA2, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA15, dfrA1-aadA1, and dfrA12-orfF-aadA2.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli isolates, including blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-9, aac(3)-II, aac(6')-Ib, aadA1, dfrA1, sul1, sul2, mphA, and mrxA, which contribute to resistance against various antibiotics such as third-generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, sulfonamides, and macrolides.

The study characterized NDM-encoding plasmids from Enterobacteriaceae isolates in Czech hospitals, identifying blaNDM-1, blaNDM-4, and blaNDM-5 genes as the primary resistance determinants.

The study identified multidrug-resistant bacteria in irrigation water and chive, highlighting the role of water quality in the transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Key resistance genes included blaCTX-M-15, mphA, and tet(A).

The study identified aadA1, aadA2, aadB, and bla CTX-M-1 as the primary AMR genes in commensal E. coli from pigs and pork, with higher prevalence in farms using in-feed antimicrobials.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in pathogenic E. coli isolates from broiler chickens in Egypt, including CITM, ere, aac(3)-(IV), tet(A), tet(B), dfr(A1), and aad(A1). These genes were associated with resistance to various antibiotics, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant E. coli in poultry.

High levels of Bifidobacterium in early life are associated with reduced levels of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the gut microbiome. Specifically, the gene ermX, encoding a 23S rRNA methyltransferase, was found to be significantly enriched in high-Bifidobacterium samples and is associated with resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in Riemerella anatipestifer, including aac(6')-Ib, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aac(3')-IIc, aac(3')-IV, aph(3')-VII, aph(2')-Ib, bla TEM, bla OXA, tet(A), tet(B), sul1, sul2, sul3, cat2, cmlA, floR, emrF, qnrS, and qnrD. Additionally, mutations in gyrA and parC were found to confer fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified tetracycline resistance genes tet(A) and tet(B) as the most common in commensal E. coli isolates from cattle farms, along with gene cassettes such as aadA1, dfrA1, dfrA12, sul1, cat1, and floR associated with class 1 integrons.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in the extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain Ab33405, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, and efflux pumps, highlighting the genetic basis of its multidrug resistance.

The study identified the carbapenemase gene blaOXA-237 and intrinsic blaOXA-66 as responsible for carbapenem resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii. Aminoglycoside resistance was mediated by aadA1, aph(3')-Ia, armA, strA, and strB. Quinolone resistance was due to mutations in GyrA (Ser-83-Leu) and ParC (Ser-80-Leu).

The study identified high abundances of class 1 integrase (intI1) and sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1 and sul2) in urban wetlands in Nigeria, along with various gene cassettes in class 1 integrons that confer resistance to trimethoprim, aminoglycosides, rifampicin, and fluoroquinolones.

The study shows that Acinetobacter baumannii A118 can acquire antibiotic resistance genes from other species through natural transformation, leading to increased resistance to various antibiotics such as meropenem, imipenem, and sulfamethoxazole.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella Choleraesuis isolates, including aadA1, catA1, cmlA1, floR, mph(B), strA, strB, sul1, sul2, sul3, tet(A), tet(B), dfrA1, aph(3')-Ia, lnu(B), and blaTEM-1. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as streptomycin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, trimethoprim, gentamicin, lincomycin, and ampicillin.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including aadA1, sul1, and blaOXA-1, in ST73 isolates from a hospital in Sydney, highlighting the diversity of resistance mechanisms in these strains.

The study identified the presence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella in dog treats in Japan, including the blaTEM gene, aadA1, aadA2, tetB, floR, catA1, dfrA12, and intI1 genes, indicating multidrug resistance.

The study identifies various antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) associated with multidrug resistance, including macrolide, beta-lactam, tetracycline, and methicillin resistance genes, highlighting the presence of these genes in postmortem microbiome samples.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in E. coli isolates from healthy chicken farms in Senegal, including bla CTX-M, bla CMY-2, tetA, dfrA1, dfrA7, aadA1, qnrB, and bla TEM, as well as mutations in gyrA and parC genes contributing to ciprofloxacin resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes in clade F strains of Acinetobacter baumannii, including blaOXA-23, aadB, aadA2, aphA6, aacC1, aadA1, and armA, which confer resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study identified multidrug-resistant ETEC strains from diarrheic calves in Argentina, including the presence of integrons carrying resistance genes such as dhfrA1, aadA1, dhfrA17, aadA5, and sul1.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes including bla OXA-1, bla TEM-1B, qnr S1, dfr A1, aad A1, sul II, tet B, and cat A1 in Shigella isolates. Additionally, novel mutations in gyr A, gyr B, par C, and par E genes were observed, contributing to quinolone resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from Brazil, including qnrE1, qnrB19, qnrS1, blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-8, blaCMY-2, aadA1, aadA2, aac(3)-IVa, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ib, floR, sul1, sul2, tet(A), tet(B), strA, strB, drfA1, inu(F), qacEdelta1, and fosA7. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones, beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, macrolides, quaternary ammonium compounds, and fosfomycin.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in non-O157 E. coli isolates from cattle fecal samples, including tetA, tetB, blaTEM-1, aadA1, and catA1, which were associated with resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, streptomycin, and chloramphenicol.

The study identifies various AMR genes in ST258 K. pneumoniae isolates, including blaKPC-2, blaKPC-3, aadA2, aadA1, blaTEM-1A, blaSHV-11, blaSHV-12, oqxA, oqxB, fosA, dfrA12, dfrA14, sul1, sul2, catA1, cml, and strAB, which confer resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Tetragenococcus halophilus strains isolated from Xuanwei ham, including acrB, blaTEM, AAda1, SulII, and GyrB, which confer resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, sulfonamides, and quinolones.