The study identified 123 distinct antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the genus Serratia, including intrinsic and acquired resistance genes, as well as efflux pump-related genes. Key findings include the detection of various beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside resistance genes, quinolone resistance genes, and efflux pumps. Notably, the study highlights the presence of plasmid-borne ARGs in nosocomial strains and the role of efflux pumps in multidrug resistance.

The study identifies the floR gene as a major contributor to florfenicol resistance in Enterobacteriaceae, particularly in Leclercia adecarboxylata strain R25. Other resistance genes such as mdfA, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aadA16, qnrB6, sul1, dfrA27, arr-3, and qacEΔ1 were also characterized.

The study characterizes the recombination events in the conjugative virulence plasmid p15WZ-82_Vir during transmission, identifying multiple antibiotic resistance genes and their roles in the formation of mosaic plasmids that carry both virulence and resistance traits.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from a Red Kangaroo, including beta-lactamases (bla DHA–3, bla SHV–1, bla CTX–M–14, bla TEM–191, bla TEM–1, bla CTX–M–3), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aph(3″)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, aadA16, arr-3), quinolone resistance genes (qnrS1, qnrB2), macrolide resistance gene (mphA), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul3, sul1), dihydrofolate reductase (dfrA3, dfrA27), chloramphenicol resistance gene (floR), tetracycline resistance genes (tetG, tetR), and multidrug efflux pump (qacEΔ1).

The study reports the first carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella michiganensis isolate from South African hospital effluent, harboring multiple resistance genes including blaOXA-181, blaOXY-5-1, qnrB6, qnrS1, aadA16, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(6)-Id, arr-3, sul1, sul2, dfrA14, and dfrA27.

The study identifies carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 16 causing multiple outbreaks in a hospital in Vietnam. Key AMR genes include blaOXA-181, blaOXA-48, and mutations in gyrA and parC contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance. Colistin resistance was due to disruption of the mgrB gene by an IS L3-like element.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including bla NDM-5, bla OXA-10, and bla TEM-1B, in NDM-5-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from an urban river in China. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as carbapenems, cephalosporins, quinolones, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified Klebsiella variicola and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains carrying multiple resistance genes, including bla KPC-2, bla TEM-1A, bla LEN17, aadA16, arr-3, qnrB4, oqxA/B, dfrA27, sul1, tetD, fosA, qacEΔ1, bla CTX-M-3, bla TEM-1B, bla CTX-M-65, bla SHV-27, aac(6')-IIa, rmtB, aph(3')-Ia, aadA16, qnrS1, aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrB91, oqxA/B, mph(A), tet(A), fosA, dfrA27, and two copies of qacEΔ1-sul1.

The study identified several AMR genes in bla NDM-1 -harboring CREC isolates, including bla NDM-1, aac(3)-IId, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA5, aadA16, aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrB6, ARR-3, dfrA17, dfrA27, sul1, sul2, tet(A), mph(A), bla TEM-1C, bla TEM-57, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, and bla CMY-2. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics, including carbapenems, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, rifampicin, trimethoprim, sulfonamides, tetracycline, and macrolides.

The study identifies the multidrug-resistance gene cfr for the first time in Salmonella, highlighting the expansion of the cfr reservoir and potential horizontal spread to other bacteria. It also detects various AMR genes such as floR, sul2, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3”)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aac(6')-Ib-cr, bla CMY−2, bla TEM−1, qnrS1, erm(B), mph(E), msr(E), qepA8, arr-3, sul1, dfrA12, dfrA27, tet(A), tet(D), catB3, aadA16, aac(3)-IV, aph(4)-Ia, aadA2, and fosA7.

The study identifies a novel sequence type 4523 Klebsiella pneumoniae strain, ST4523, which is resistant to multiple antibiotics, including carbapenems, and carries the bla NDM-5 gene on a plasmid. The strain also possesses various other resistance genes on plasmids pSHX180-1 and pSHX180-NDM5.

The study identifies a novel IncHI1B plasmid, pYhe2001, in MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae 200 from swine, along with several resistance genes including blaCTX-M-27, aadA16, dfrA27, arr-6, aac(6')-Ib-cr, sul1, qnrB2, tetA, and floR. These genes contribute to resistance against multiple antibiotics.

The study identified bla DHA-1 as a critical gene for carbapenem resistance in K. quasipneumoniae FK688, and showed that its loss leads to decreased resistance. Other resistance genes such as qnrB4, tetA[B], arr-3, dfrA27, aadA16, qacΔE1, and sul1 were also found on the pNAR1 plasmid.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Klebsiella isolates from neonates in the NICU, including bla NDM-1, bla CTX-M-15, bla SHV-67, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aadA16, aph(3'')-Ib, and others. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as carbapenems, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones. Additionally, the study found a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain carrying several resistance genes and plasmids.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes on plasmids and chromosomes of Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from fresh produce, highlighting the diversity of resistance mechanisms and the potential for horizontal gene transfer.

The study reports the genomic characteristics of a multidrug-resistant ST11 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate SM117 with capsular serotype KL25, co-carrying bla NDM-5, two copies of bla KPC-2, and multiple plasmid-borne virulence genes. The isolate shows resistance to all antibiotics except polymyxin.

The study identified multiple ESBL and AmpC β-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-3, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-65, bla SHV-12, bla SHV-42, bla DHA-1, bla CMY-2, bla CMY-3, bla CMY-46, bla CMY-101, bla ACT-16, bla CMH-like, and bla MIR-9, along with other AMR genes such as mcr-1, qnrS1, aac(6')-Ib-cr5, and various tetracycline, aminoglycoside, sulfonamide, chloramphenicol, macrolide, lincosamide, and rifampicin resistance genes in Enterobacterales isolates from imported healthy reptiles.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates, including blaCTX-M-15, blaKPC-3, and others conferring resistance to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and chloramphenicol.

The study introduces the EZMTT method for enhanced detection of drug-resistant subpopulations in Gram-negative bacteria, showing superior sensitivity compared to conventional methods like BMD and VITEK. It identifies specific resistance genes such as bla in clinical isolates.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations associated with colistin and carbapenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter isolates, including beta-lactamases, fosfomycin resistance genes, and efflux pumps. Mutations in ompK35 were found to contribute to carbapenem resistance.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes, including blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1D, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aadA16, strB, qnrS1, sul2, sul1, catII.2, tet(A), dfrA14, arr-3, and mphA, in ESBL-KpSC isolates from East Africa, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance.