The study identified the overexpression of AcrAB and/or OqxAB efflux pumps, along with the upregulation of RamA and/or RarA, as key mechanisms contributing to tigecycline nonsusceptibility in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Additionally, overexpression of kpgA was noted in some isolates.

The study identified a truncated mgrB gene as a potential mechanism for polymyxin B resistance in a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain.

TCDD exposure leads to an increase in antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in the murine gut microbiome, particularly in Enterobacteriaceae, with specific genes like blaCMY2, ampC, and various MDR genes being significantly enriched.

The study identifies the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump and the SOS response proteins RecA and RecC as potential targets for reversing ciprofloxacin resistance in E. coli strains with intermediate susceptibility.

The study identifies sll0180 and slr2131 as genes involved in antibiotic resistance and free fatty acid efflux in Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Their deletion leads to decreased antibiotic tolerance and altered FFA concentrations, which can be partially restored by complementation with E. coli acrA or acrB.

The study shows that colonization of the gut of breastfed infants by B. infantis EVC001 leads to a significant reduction in antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) compared to controls. The ARGs identified were mainly associated with Escherichia, Clostridium, and Staphylococcus, and conferred resistance to beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and multiple drug classes.

Tigecycline resistance in K. pneumoniae ST147 was linked to AcrAB efflux pump overproduction due to a promoter replacement in the ramA gene, leading to increased expression of acrA and ramA.

The study identified Salmonella Bredeney resistant to third-generation cephalosporins in Saudi Arabia, highlighting the presence of 13 cephalosporin resistance-associated genes, including a novel gene LEN-23.

The study identifies the critical residues in AcrA and AcrE that enable their interaction with the RND efflux pump AcrB, explaining their functional promiscuity and role in antimicrobial resistance. Mutations in these binding sites significantly affect efflux function and antimicrobial susceptibility.

The study identified that mutations in acrA, acrB, marR, acrR, and fabI contribute to cross-resistance to benzalkonium chloride, chloramphenicol, and triclosan in E. coli. These findings highlight the role of efflux pumps and regulatory mutations in mediating resistance across different antibacterial agents.

The study identified several AMR genes in a culture-negative sample from a patient with severe pneumonia, including bla SHV-12, bla KPC-2, bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M-65, aac(3)-IIa, aadA1, dfrA1, sul1, aph(3')-Ia, catA1, fosA, acrA, and rmtB, which confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified several genes involved in fluoroquinolone susceptibility in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, including efflux pumps (acrA, acrB, tolC), regulatory genes (marA, phoP), and DNA repair genes (uvrD, xseA).

The study identifies AcrA, a periplasmic component of the RND efflux pump, as a necrosignal that enhances antibiotic resistance in bacterial swarms by binding to TolC on live cells and stimulating efflux mechanisms.

The study identified a Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strain isolated from a red panda that exhibited resistance to multiple antibiotics, including aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, and macrolides. The strain possessed 20 resistance genes, such as acra, acrb, mdte, mdtf, mdtn, mdto, mdtp, tolc, arna, baca, bcr, bl1_ec, emre, ksga, macb, mdfa, mdtg, mdth, mdtk, and mdtl, which contribute to multidrug resistance.

The study identifies 18 genes involved in E. coli persistence to tosufloxacin, including surA and lpcA, which show significant defects in persistence. These genes are periplasmic proteins and enzymes, and their mutants exhibit increased susceptibility to tosufloxacin and other stresses.

The study shows that the SUF machinery is required for E. coli to resist PMS stress and that SoxR maturation under PMS stress is primarily mediated by the SUF system. Additionally, the study identifies the role of the AcrAB efflux pump in PMS-mediated protection against fluoroquinolones.

The study identified 25 antibiotic resistance genes in 80 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, primarily encoding efflux pumps and inactivating enzymes. Notably, blaSHV, emrB, emrR, marA, marR, msbA, ompK37, oqxA, oqxB, acrA, vgaC, fosA, tet(D), APH(3")-Ib, APH(6)-Id, aadA, qnrS2, rpoB2, mexF, and oprN were found to confer resistance to various antibiotics.

This review discusses how biofilms contribute to bacterial antibiotic resistance and tolerance through mechanisms such as the extracellular matrix (ECM) barrier, physiological heterogeneity, and efflux pumps. It highlights the role of biofilms in protecting bacteria from antibiotics by creating heterogeneous environments and facilitating horizontal gene transfer.

The study identifies membrane fusion protein AcrA and glutamyl-tRNA synthetase as potentially involved in amikacin resistance in Proteus mirabilis through proteomic analysis of outer membrane proteins in resistant variants.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Pseudomonas spp. isolated from chicken meat in Norway, including beta-lactamases, efflux pumps, and genes involved in resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and colistin.

The paper discusses the mechanisms of biocide tolerance and antibiotic resistance in bacteria, highlighting the role of mutations, horizontal gene transfer, efflux pumps, membrane alterations, and biofilms in developing resistance to disinfectants and antibiotics. It emphasizes the risks posed by the extensive use of disinfectants during the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential for increased antimicrobial resistance.

The study identified OXA-48 and NDM-1 as the most prevalent carbapenemase genes, and highlighted the role of AcrA/B and OqxAB efflux pumps in carbapenem resistance among Enterobacteriaceae in Iran.

The paper discusses the presence of various antibiotic resistance genes in Vibrio species, including strB, sul2, tetA, blaTEM, qnrA, ermB, floR, aac(3)-IIa, blaNDM-1, blaCMY, blaP1, catB3, and others, which confer resistance to antibiotics such as streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, ampicillin, fluoroquinolones, erythromycin, florfenicol, gentamicin, carbapenems, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim.

The study shows that AcrE can form a functional complex with AcrD, indicating interchangeability between AcrA and AcrE in forming efflux pumps. Mutations in specific residues of AcrA and AcrE impair AcrD-mediated efflux.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from bovine mastitis, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-1, blaCARB-3, blaCMY-59), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetC), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aph(3')-Ia, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA2), and multidrug efflux pump genes (acrA, acrB, acrD, tolC, baeR, emrA, emrB).

The study identifies genes such as acrA, tolC, recA, and fnr that, when knocked out or inhibited, potentiate the efficacy of antibiotics like ampicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim in E. coli and Salmonella enterica.

The study identified the carbapenemase gene blaKPC-2 and blaKPC-24, along with fosfomycin resistance gene fosA6, and various extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes such as blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-65, and blaCTX-M-27 in KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strains. Additionally, genes associated with fluoroquinolone, macrolide, aminoglycoside, and sulfonamide resistance were also characterized.

The study reports the draft genome sequences of seven multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strains isolated from river water, identifying various antibiotic resistance genes and mutations associated with resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella isolates from waterfowl in Sichuan, China, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, tetracycline efflux pumps, and quinolone resistance genes. Mutations in gyrA and gyrB were associated with nalidixic acid resistance.

The study demonstrates that sequence-specific gene silencing of acrA in the AcrAB efflux system induces sensitivity in drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae towards ciprofloxacin and co-trimoxazole.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes, including CRP, ACT-1, baeR, acrA, H-NS, and oqxB, in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from shopping mall surfaces, highlighting the presence of multidrug efflux systems and antibiotic target alterations as key resistance mechanisms.

The study identifies specific antibacterial resistance (ABR) genes that may contribute to exponential cell division in the presence of antibiotics for various pathogens, including Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Veillonella parvula, and Clostridium perfringens.

This review discusses proteomic approaches for diagnosing antibiotic resistance in ESKAPE pathogens, highlighting the importance of proteomic techniques in understanding resistance mechanisms and improving diagnostic accuracy.

The study characterizes Brevundimonas brasiliensis sp. nov., a novel species isolated from a neonatal intensive care unit, and identifies several antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations associated with resistance to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and colistin.

The study identifies several genes involved in Salmonella biofilm-associated antibiotic resistance, including efflux pumps, porins, and stress response proteins, highlighting their role in multidrug resistance and biofilm formation.

The study identifies several AMR genes in a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella aerogenes strain, including genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and others. The strain was found to be susceptible to carbapenems and polymyxins.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in staphylococcal isolates from food samples, including genes conferring resistance to tetracycline, gentamicin, methicillin, erythromycin, and vancomycin. High prevalence of multidrug resistance was observed, highlighting the potential health risks associated with food-borne staphylococci.

The study identified specific mutations in the ftsI, acrA, acrB, and acrR genes associated with imipenem heteroresistance in Haemophilus influenzae strains isolated from COPD patients.

The study identified several carbapenemase and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes, including bla NDM-1, bla NDM-4, bla NDM-5, bla NDM-7, bla OXA-181, bla OXA-232, bla KPC-3, bla CTX-M-15, bla SFO-1, bla ACT, and bla CMH-3, in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex isolates from Kolkata, India. Novel integrons (In180, In4874, In4887, and In4888) were also discovered.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli WG5D, including multidrug efflux pumps and genes conferring resistance to various antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones, cephalosporins, and glycopeptides.

The review discusses the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in pathotypes of E. coli, focusing on the role of beta-lactamases, carbapenemases, and other resistance genes. It highlights the importance of understanding these mechanisms to combat the growing problem of antibiotic resistance.

The study identified several genes involved in intrinsic macrolide resistance in E. coli, including surA, waaG, acrA, acrB, tolC, lptC, bamB, lpp, tolA, tolB, tolR, waaQ, gmhB, galU, waaP, lapC, prc, nlpI, hrpA, and pgm. These genes are associated with outer membrane integrity, efflux pumps, LPS biosynthesis, and peptidoglycan metabolism.

The study found that indole produced by Escherichia coli downregulated the expression of RND efflux pump genes (acrA, acrB, oqxA, and oqxB) in Klebsiella pneumoniae, leading to reduced antibiotic resistance.

The study identifies multiple efflux pump-encoding genes in the E. coli strain EC092, which contribute to its resistance against several antibiotics including tetracycline, trimethoprim, streptomycin, and sulfamethoxazole.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Bordetella pseudohinzii, including efflux pumps and inactivating enzymes, leading to resistance against several cephalosporins.

The study identified aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrS, and the AcrAB efflux system as key contributors to fluoroquinolone resistance in E. coli isolates from Thai UTI patients, alongside specific mutations in gyrA and parC genes.

The study identified the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump genes as a significant contributor to ciprofloxacin resistance in E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates in Nepal.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in E. coli under potentiated sulphonamide pressure, highlighting the role of efflux pumps and folate pathway modifications in resistance development.