The paper discusses various aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, particularly focusing on AAC(6')-Ib, AAC(6')-Ib-cr, and AAC(6')-Ib 11, which confer resistance to aminoglycosides like amikacin and gentamicin, and in some cases, quinolones.

The paper discusses various aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, particularly focusing on AAC(6')-Ib, AAC(6')-Ib-cr, and AAC(6')-Ib 11, which confer resistance to aminoglycosides like amikacin and gentamicin, and in some cases, quinolones.

The study identifies three new gene cassettes, including a novel aadA variant (aadA17), a gene putatively involved in cell signaling (dcyA), and an open reading frame of unknown function interrupted by a novel insertion sequence (orfER.17::ISAs12). Thirteen different gene cassette arrays were detected, four of which represent novel integrons.

The study developed a high-throughput GeXP assay for the simultaneous detection of seven aminoglycoside-resistance genes, including five aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and two 16S rRNA methyltransferases, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity.

The study developed a DNA microarray for genotyping antibiotic resistance determinants in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates, identifying numerous resistance genes and mutations associated with carbapenem, aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, and other antibiotic resistances.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in the NDM-1-encoding Klebsiella pneumoniae strain, including eight beta-lactamase genes and various other resistance determinants, highlighting the complexity of its resistance profile.

The study identified the sul1 gene duplication as a mechanism for sulfamethoxazole resistance in the spaceflight mutant strain LCT-KP289. Additionally, the ampC, emrE, and ant genes were found to contribute to drug resistance in both strains.

The study identified a diverse array of antibiotic resistance genes in a polluted lake in India, including sul2, qnrD, aph(6)-Id, aph(3′)-Ib, CMY2, qnrS, ant(3′)-Ia, dfrB1/dfrB5/dfrB6/dfrB8, GES, ere(A)/ere(C), qnrC, mph(E), dfrA1/dfrA15/dfrA25/dfrA30, erm(F), ant(2′)-Ia, cmlA, and tet(39). These genes conferred resistance to various classes of antibiotics, highlighting the significant presence of resistance mechanisms in the polluted environment.

The study identified five aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme (AME) genes, including aac(3)-II, aac(6′)-I, aac(6′)-II, ant(2″)-I, and ant(3″)-I, in aminoglycoside-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains. These genes were detected using PCR and gel electrophoresis.

The study identified several aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme genes (aac(6')-Ib, aac(3)-I, ant(3'')-I, aph(3')-I, aac(6')-Id) and 16S rRNA methylase genes (armA, rmtA) in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates in Iran, highlighting their prevalence and contribution to aminoglycoside resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica, including blaTEM-1, strA-strB, sul2, tet(A), qnrS1, aadA2, aadA17, floR, cmlA1, aac(3)-Id, aac(3)-IIa, dfrA12, dfrA1, dfrA14, blaCTX-M-9, blaCTX-M-55, blaSHV-12, blaPSE-1/blaCARB-2, and blaCMY-2, along with mutations in gyrA and parC associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in an XDR-KP strain, including blaKPC-3, blaOXA-9, blaTEM-1A, and various resistance mechanisms involving efflux pumps, porin deficiencies, and fluoroquinolone resistance mutations.

The study predicts 6,095 antibiotic resistance determinants (ARDs) in the human intestinal microbiota using a three-dimensional structure-based method called pairwise comparative modelling (PCM). Experimental validation of 71 predicted ARDs showed that they conferred resistance to various antibiotics, including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, quinolones, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, fosfomycin, and glycopeptides.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes associated with multi-drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella Typhi in sub-Saharan Africa, including genes encoding resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines. It also notes mutations in the gyrA gene associated with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.

The study identified carbapenem-resistant and hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates carrying bla KPC−2, aac(3')-Ia, aac(6')-Ib, ANT(3')-Ia, rmtB, rmtC, qnrB, qnrS, oqxA, bla SHV−11, bla CTX−M−2 group, bla CTX−M−9 group, bla TEM−1, bla CMY−2, and bla DHA genes, contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study identified blaNDM genes as the primary cause of carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from humans, pigs, chickens, and flies in rural China, highlighting the transmission of these resistance genes between humans and backyard animals.

The study identified two extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clones carrying blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-72, which confer resistance to carbapenems. Additional resistance genes such as aac(3')-Ia, ant(3'')-Ia, aph(3')-VIa, strA, strB, armA, blaADC-73, blaADC-74, blaTEM-1D, mph(E), and msr(E) were also detected.

The study identified a wide array of antimicrobial resistance genes in diarrheal fecal samples from Kolkata, including genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, and mobile genetic elements. High prevalence of mphA, mefA, strAB, aadA1, aad2, aac(3), aac(6')-Ib-cr, and tetA genes was observed.

The study developed a multiplex PCR method for the detection of four aminoglycoside modifying enzyme resistance genes (Aac(6′)-Ib, Aac(3)-II, Ant(3″)-Ia, and Aph(3′)-Ia) in clinical strains of Escherichia coli.

The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli isolates from clams and marine sediments, including blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, tet(A), dfrA1, aadA, strA, strB, and ant(3"). These genes were associated with resistance to beta-lactams, tetracycline, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and streptomycin.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including aac(6')-Iaa, mdf(A), sul2, tet(A), blaCMY-2, aph(3')-Ia_1, qnrB19, and ant(3'')-Ia, in Salmonella Minnesota isolates from Brazilian poultry farms, indicating widespread resistance to various antibiotics.

The study highlights the utility of whole genome sequencing (WGS) in monitoring antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trends, particularly in identifying ESBL genes such as bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-15, bla SHV-12, bla CMY-2, and bla DHA-1, along with other resistance genes like sul2, tet(A), dfrA17, aadA5, ant3-1a, strA, strB, and fosA3 in E. coli isolates from pig surveillance.

The study characterizes various AMR genes in plasmids from meat-derived E. coli isolates, highlighting the diversity and clustering of resistance genes such as bla CTX-M-1, aadA5, sul2, and others, along with their association with specific plasmid incompatibility groups.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes in endophytic ESBL-producing Enterobacterales isolated from fresh vegetables, highlighting their potential role in the spread of antibiotic resistance.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in E. coli from free-living birds, highlighting the zoonotic potential of these resistant strains. Key findings include bla CTX-M-15, bla CMY-2, bla SHV-12, bla TEM-1B, qnrS1, qnrB19, mcr-1, fosA7, aac(3)-IIa, ant(3")-Ia, aph(3")-Ib, and aph(6)-Id, as well as mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE.

The study characterizes two XDR Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, NFAb-1 and NFAb-2, obtained from a fatal necrotizing fasciitis case. These isolates exhibit resistance to multiple antibiotics, including carbapenems, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and others, indicating the presence of various AMR genes such as blaOXA-51-like, blaOXA-23-like, blaOXA-58-like, blaADC, blaNDM, blaKPC, aac(6')-Ib, aadA, ant(3'')-Ia, mph(A), erm(B), tet(A), tet(G), qnrS1, mexAB-oprM, acrAB-tolC, oqxAB, cat, cfr, and optrA.

The study identifies various AMR genes in the highly clonal multidrug-resistant monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium ST34, including beta-lactamases, sulfonamide resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, phenicol resistance genes, and polymyxin resistance genes.

The study identified several aminoglycoside-modifying enzyme-encoding genes, including AAC(6')-Ib, AAC(6')-IIa, APH(3')-IIb, ANT(3'')-Ia, and ANT(2'')-Ia, which are associated with resistance to aminoglycosides in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from the north of Iran.

The study identified several aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, including aac(3)-VIa, aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-Id, aac(3)-IVa, aac(3)-IIa, ant(2′′)-Ia, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, aadA2, aadA7, aadA1, ant(3′′)-Ia, aac(6′)-Ib3, and rmtB, as key contributors to gentamicin resistance in Salmonella isolates from both human and chicken sources in Canada.

The study analyzed 22,102 Salmonella genomes from public databases to track antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trends in food animals in the United States. It found that the prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) decreased in bovines and swine but increased in poultry. Key AMR genes identified include bla CMY-2, bla CTX-M-65, floR, tetA, sul2, aadA2, aac(3)-VIa, qnrB19, qnrB2, bla SHV-12, bla TEM-1, bla CARB-2, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aph(3')-Ia, ant(3")-Ia, aph(4)-Ia, and aac(3)-IVa. A significant mutation, gyrA D87Y, was associated with quinolone resistance in poultry.

The study identified a novel allelic variant of aac(6')-Ib called aac(6')-SL and three novel mutations in the sul1 gene among Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates in Saudi Arabia.

The study identified several AMR genes, including novel bla ADC-257, and mutations in gyrA and parC associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in extensively drug-resistant NDM-producing Acinetobacter baumannii isolates.

The study identified various AMR genes in E. coli isolates from a low antimicrobial usage pig farm, highlighting the persistence of multidrug-resistant strains despite minimal selective pressure.

The study identified various AMR genes in E. coli isolates from a low antimicrobial usage pig farm, highlighting the persistence of multidrug-resistant strains despite minimal selective pressure.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in P. aeruginosa isolates from Kenya, including carbapenemases (blaNDM-1, blaVIM-6), fluoroquinolone resistance genes (qnrVC1, crpP), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IId, aph(3')-Ib, ant(3'')-Ia), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetG), phenicol resistance genes (floR, cmlA), sulfonamide resistance gene (sul), trimethoprim resistance gene (dfrB), glycopeptide resistance gene (ble), and macrolide resistance gene (EreA). Additionally, mutations in gyrA and parC were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from wild meso-mammals and environmental sources, including blaTEM-1, tet(A), tet(B), sul1, sul2, aph(3”)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, blaCMY-2, qnrS1, and floR. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, and quinolones.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in fecal samples from dogs and their owners, highlighting the presence of tetracycline, MLS, aminoglycoside, and sulfonamide resistance genes. Dogs exhibited a higher diversity of aminoglycoside resistance genes compared to owners.

The study identified extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) KPC- and OXA-48-producing Enterobacteriaceae in coastal marine environments, highlighting the presence of various AMR genes including bla KPC-2, bla OXA-48, and others.

The study identified four variants of bla CTX-M (CTX-M-15, CTX-M-55, CTX-M-64, and CTX-M-65) in extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli from livestock and in-contact humans in Southeast Nigeria. Other AMR genes such as bla TEM-1b, aac 3-IId, qnr S1, and sul 2 were also characterized.

The study identified four variants of bla CTX-M (CTX-M-15, CTX-M-55, CTX-M-64, and CTX-M-65) in extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli from livestock and in-contact humans in Southeast Nigeria. Other AMR genes such as bla TEM-1b, aac 3-IId, qnr S1, and sul 2 were also characterized.

The study identifies bla KPC-3 and bla CTX-M-15 as the primary carbapenem and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase resistance genes, respectively, in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Portugal. Other notable AMR genes include aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrB, aac(3)-II, APH(3')-I, ANT(3'')-I, and APH(6)-I, which contribute to resistance against fluoroquinolones and aminoglycosides.

The study identified multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium ST313 in urban rats in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo, highlighting their potential role as reservoirs of invasive Salmonella. The resistant isolates carried genes such as blaTEM-1, strA, strB, ant(3')-Ia, aac(3')-IId, sul1, sul2, dfrA1, tetB, and catA10, conferring resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study identified eight antimicrobial resistance gene cassettes (ARCs) in 14 isolates, with streptomycin resistance genes (aadA1, aadA2, ant(3'')-Ia, and aph(3'')-Ib) being the most prevalent. Other resistance genes included sul1, sul2, tet(A), tet(B), and beta-lactam resistance genes (blaTEM-1B and blaTEM-1C).

The study identified ESBL-producing E. coli in river water in northern Thailand, with bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-14, and bla CTX-M-27 being the most prevalent beta-lactamase genes. Additionally, mcr-1.1 and mcr-3.4 genes were found to confer resistance to colistin. Various other resistance genes were also characterized, including aac(3)-IId, aadA5, ant(3″)-Ia, aph(3″)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, qnrS1, mdf(A), erm(B), mph(A), floR, sul2, sul3, tet(A), tet(X), tet(M), dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17, cmlA1, catA2, lnu(F), and erm(42).

The review discusses various molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and efflux pumps, highlighting their roles in conferring resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study identified bla KPC-2, bla GES, bla NDM-1, and bla IMP as the main carbapenemase genes in CRKP isolates. Additionally, various ESBL genes, aminoglycoside resistance genes, and PMQR genes were detected.

The study identified a diverse array of antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) in the horse gut microbiome, highlighting the widespread use of antibiotics in horse management. The resistome characteristics were analyzed alongside the identification of microbes associated with athletic performance.

The study identified 40 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in 19 Trueperella pyogenes strains, including genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, phenicols, sulfonamides, and macrolides.

The study identified several carbapenem resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii, including adc, oxa-51, oxa-23, qace delta 1-sull, intl1, ant (3")-i, aac (3")-i, and tem. These genes contribute to resistance against various antibiotics, particularly carbapenems and beta-lactams.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes, including blaNDM-1, blaOXA-10, blaPER-4, aph(3')-VI, ant(2'')-Ia, ant(3')-Ia, sul1, catB8, catA1, mph(E), and tet, in a multidrug-resistant Providencia rettgeri strain. These genes contribute to resistance against various antibiotics, including carbapenems, beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, chloramphenicol, macrolides, and tetracyclines.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Heidelberg, including bla CMY-2, bla TEM-1A, bla TEM-1B, bla TEM-214, mcr -9, and others, highlighting the prevalence of resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and other antimicrobial agents.

The study identifies various antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and their dissemination patterns across the global plasmidome using %GC content analysis. Key findings include the identification of genes such as sul, dfrA, qnr, CTX-M, OXA, APH(3'), ANT(3''), AAC(6'), mcr, erm, tet, and qac, which are associated with resistance to sulfonamides, trimethoprim, quinolones, beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, polymyxins, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, tetracyclines, and quaternary ammonium compounds.

The study identifies various tetracycline resistance genes (tetC, tetE, tetG, tetM, tetO, tetQ, tetW, tetX), sulfonamide resistance gene (sulI), aminoglycoside resistance genes (ant(2')-Ia, ant(3')-Ia, aph(6')-Id, aph(33')-Ib, aac(6')-Ib), beta-lactam resistance genes (blaGES, blaVEB), chloramphenicol resistance gene (catB3), MLS resistance genes (ereA, ermB), and multidrug resistance genes (acrB, mexB, mexF) in municipal sewage treatment plants, highlighting their association with mobile genetic elements and microbial communities.

Extensively drug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky ST198 isolates from chicken meat products in Xuancheng, China, were characterized. These isolates carried multiple resistance genes, including bla CTX-M-55, bla TEM-1B, aac(3)-IId, aadA17, rmtB, tet(A), floR, lnu(F), arr-2, qnrS1, sul1, mph(A), and fosA3, and mutations in gyrA (S83F, D87N) and parC (S80I), leading to resistance against several antimicrobial agents.

The study identified 43 antibiotic resistance genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from duck carcasses in Hanoi, Vietnam, including genes conferring resistance to multiple antibiotic classes such as aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, quinolones, and tetracyclines.

The study identified 43 antibiotic resistance genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from duck carcasses in Hanoi, Vietnam, including genes conferring resistance to multiple antibiotic classes such as aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, quinolones, and tetracyclines.

The paper discusses the mechanisms of antibiotic actions and bacterial resistance strategies, highlighting the challenges posed by multidrug-resistant microbes and the need for new antimicrobial agents.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella isolates from a poultry production line, highlighting the role of mobile genetic elements in the spread of multidrug resistance.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Desulfovibrio vulgaris L2, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and mercury resistance genes, highlighting its potential role in spreading antibiotic resistance in agricultural environments.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in porcine ETEC/STEC strains, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-1A, blaTEM-1B, blaTEM-106), polymyxin resistance genes (mcr-1.1, mcr-2.1, mcr-5.1), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-IV, aac(3)-IVa, aph(3')-Ia, aadA1, aadA10, aadA12), florfenicol resistance gene (floR), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B)), quinolone resistance gene (qnrS1), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance genes (dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA36).

The study identified multiple drug resistance genes in R. anatipestifer strains, including high prevalence of tetracycline resistance gene tet X (95.9%), macrolide resistance gene ermF (77%), and others. The strains exhibited multidrug resistance, with the highest resistance to gentamicin (77%) and enrofloxacin (73%).

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes including mcr-1, tet(A), aadA2, dfrA12, sul1, sul3, and ant(3")-Ia, along with mutations in gyrA that confer resistance to various antibiotics in Salmonella isolates from the Comunitat Valenciana, Spain.

The study identified Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST3495 isolated from a wild Burmese python with suppurative pneumonia and bacteremia, highlighting its resistance genes catB, blaTEM, ant(3'')-I, and tetA, along with virulence factors.

The study identified beta-lactamase genes (blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M-55, blaCTX-M-27), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetC), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IId, aadA5, ant(3")-Ia, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3")-lb, aph(6)-ld), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), amphenicol resistance gene (floR), trimethoprim resistance genes (dfrA1, dfrA17), and MLS resistance genes (Inu(F), erm(B), mph(A)) in E. coli isolates from coyotes and wild hogs. Additionally, chromosomal mutations in ampC, gyrA, parC, and parE were found to confer resistance to beta-lactam and quinolone antibiotics.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in extraintestinal E. coli populations from broilers treated with enrofloxacin. Key findings include the presence of qnrB19 and qnrS1 genes, which confer fluoroquinolone resistance, and mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE genes associated with fluoroquinolone resistance. Additionally, multiple other AMR genes were detected, indicating multidrug resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes in 37 A. baumannii strains causing nosocomial meningitis, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, macrolide resistance genes, phenicol resistance genes, sulfonamide resistance genes, rifamycin resistance genes, and antiseptic resistance genes.

The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from Kuwait's marine environment, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, fluoroquinolone resistance genes, sulfonamide resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, and macrolide resistance genes. Additionally, the MFS-type drug efflux gene mdfA was commonly found in E. coli isolates.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Alcaligenes species, particularly in clinical isolates, highlighting the presence of genes conferring resistance to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and other antibiotics.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Salmonella Isangi isolates, including ESBL genes like bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-22, bla CTX-M-3, and others, as well as plasmid-mediated AmpC genes like bla DHA-1 and bla NDM-1. Resistance to multiple antibiotics was observed, highlighting the need for continued monitoring of AMR in this serovar.

The paper discusses various antibiotic resistance mechanisms in Gram-negative bacteria, highlighting the role of beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, and efflux pumps in conferring resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study characterizes various AMR genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1B, bla OXA-1, qnrB1, qnrS1, aph(6)-Id, aph(3”)-Ib, aac(3)-IIa, ant(3”)-Ia, dfrA14, dfrA1, aac(6’)-Ib-cr, tet(A), tet(D), sul2, sul1, fosA6, fosA_5, fosA_3, bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-14b, bla CTX-M-8, bla CMY-2, bla TEM-190, aac(3)-IVa, aph(4)-Ia, and catB3_2, in ESBL-producing Enterobacterales isolates from long-term colonized patients.

The study identified several aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in K. pneumoniae isolates from northern Jordan, including aac(6')-Ib, aac(3')-II, ant(3")-I, aph(3')-VI, armA, rmtB, qnrS, qnrB, oqxAB, and aac(6')-Ib-cr. These genes were significantly associated with non-susceptibility to aminoglycosides, quinolones, and beta-lactams.

The study identified several AMR genes in Aeromonas isolates from freshwater fish in Hebei Province, including TEM, tetA, floR, sul2, Ant(3")-I, and qacEΔ1, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as penicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, sulfonamide, aminoglycoside, and quinolone.

The study identified various beta-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1b, bla OXA-1, and carbapenem resistance genes like bla NDM-5, bla NDM-7, and bla NDM-1, in ESBL-producing and carbapenem-resistant E. coli isolates from Bangladesh.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in Escherichia coli isolates from Italian artisanal food products, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, trimethoprim resistance genes, macrolide resistance genes, quinolone resistance proteins, sulfonamide resistance proteins, and tetracycline resistance genes. These genes were primarily carried on plasmids and contributed to multidrug resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from irrigation water and fresh produce in South Africa, including bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, aph(6)-Id, ant(3″)-Ia, aadA2, aph(3″)-Ib, sul2, sul3, dfrA1, fosA3, cmlA1, and floR.

The study identified numerous antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in uropathogenic E. coli isolates, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and quinolone resistance genes. Mutations in gyrA, parC, parE, and marR were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance, while mutations in PmrB, CyaA, GlpT, PtsI, and UhpT were linked to fosfomycin resistance.

This study identified 17 distinct antibiotic resistance genes across 53 P-type T4SS-encoding plasmids in Acinetobacter species, including various beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, and others, highlighting the significant diversity of resistance determinants carried by these plasmids.

The study identifies several AMR genes in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, including bla OXA-23-like, bla OXA-24/40-like, bla NDM, ArmA, ant(3")-I, and sul1, which are associated with resistance to carbapenems, aminoglycosides, and sulfonamides.

The study identified the predominance of the Global Clone 2 lineage of Acinetobacter baumannii in Terengganu, Malaysia, with a focus on the detection of various antimicrobial resistance genes, including bla OXA-23, bla ADC, bla NDM-1, and others, contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes, including bla OXA-48, bla NDM-1, bla CTX-M-15, and bla SHV, in K. pneumoniae strains from two hospitals in Calabria, Italy, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant clones.

The study identified various AMR genes in ESKAPE pathogens, including vanA and vanC for vancomycin resistance, blaKPC and blaOXA-48 for carbapenem resistance, and others related to tetracycline, sulfonamide, quinolone, and aminoglycoside resistance. Additionally, biofilm-related genes such as icaA, icaD, gelE, asa1, and esp were detected in Staphylococcus and Enterococcus spp. Quorum sensing genes LasI and LasR were found in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and biofilm production genes like mrkA, wbbM, wzm, and luxS were identified in Klebsiella pneumoniae.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in uropathogenic E. coli strains from companion animals, including blaTEM-1b, sul1, sul2, dfrA1_10, dfrA17_1, dfrA1_8, dfrA7_5, gyrA_S83L, tetA, tetB, aph(6)-Id, aph(3'')-Ib, ant(3'')-Ia, blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-106, blaSHV-102, and blaCMY-2. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as penicillins, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, quinolones, tetracyclines, streptomycin, and cephalosporins.

The study identified several AMR genes, including vanA, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, ant(6')-Ia, and ant(3'')-Ia, which confer resistance to vancomycin, gentamicin, and streptomycin in Enterococcus isolates. High levels of multidrug resistance and biofilm formation were also observed.

The study identifies several AMR genes in CRKP strains, including bla KPC-2, bla NDM-1, bla VIM, bla SHV-12, bla TEM-1b, aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrS, qnrB, rmtB, ant(3'')-I, armA, sul1, sul2, iucA, iutA, iroN, ybtS, mrkD, fimH, and p rmpA. These genes confer resistance to carbapenems, quinolones, aminoglycosides, and sulfonamides. Additionally, the study highlights the transferability of these genes through conjugation.

The study established tentative CLSI M45 antimicrobial susceptibility testing breakpoints for Pseudomonas other than Pseudomonas aeruginosa (POPA). It identified various beta-lactamase genes, including metallo-beta-lactamases (MBLs) such as bla POM-1, bla POM-2, bla PAM-1, bla PST-1, bla VIM-2, bla CARB-2, bla DHA-1, and bla IMP-13, which confer resistance to carbapenems. Additionally, multidrug-resistant efflux pumps like ttgABC and tmexCD-toprJ were found to contribute to carbapenem resistance. Other resistance genes for aminoglycosides, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, quaternary ammonium compounds, chloramphenicol, and fluoroquinolones were also detected.

The study identified multiple beta-lactamase genes, including blaNDM-1, blaVIM-2, blaPER-1, blaCTX-M, blaOXA-1, and blaOXA-48, as well as efflux pump genes like mexA, mexC, and mexE, contributing to multidrug resistance in P. aeruginosa isolates from burn wound infections in Bangladesh.

The study identified 50 acquired resistance genes and seven chromosomal-mediated gene mutations in Salmonella populations from Thai canal water, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains and the diversity of resistance mechanisms.

The study characterizes several AMR genes, including blaIPM-4, blaOXA-1, blaOXA-10, aacA4, blaOXA-101, aadA11, aadA9, qacEΔ1, sat2-aadA1, and others, highlighting their role in conferring resistance to various antibiotics in different bacterial species.

The study identifies several carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa lineages with specific resistance genes, including blaOXA-10, blaVIM-2, and others, highlighting the role of plasmids in the spread of resistance.

The study identified VIM-1, AAC(6')-Ib, APH(3')-Ia, ANT(3'')-Ia, Sul1, and DfrA1 as genes with significant differential abundance in a carbapenem-resistant K. pneumoniae strain exposed to sublethal concentrations of ertapenem, indicating their roles in antibiotic resistance.

The study identified several high-risk AMR genes in salmon and broiler processing environments, including multidrug resistance genes TolC and mdtE, tetracycline genes tet(L) and tet(M), aminoglycoside genes APH(3′)-IIIa and APH(6)-Id, and beta-lactam genes mecA and mecR1. Additionally, the study found quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli (QREC) in waste discharges from two broiler processing plants and multidrug resistant (MDR) E. coli in one plant.

The paper discusses the multidrug resistance mechanisms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, efflux pumps, and mutations in porin genes. It highlights the role of these mechanisms in antibiotic resistance and the challenges they pose in treating infections.

The study characterizes MBL-producing Enterobacterales strains, identifying NDM-1, NDM-5, and VIM-1 as the most prevalent metallo-beta-lactamases. It also identifies various aminoglycoside, quinolone, and sulfonamide resistance genes, highlighting the multidrug-resistant nature of these isolates.

The study identified nine clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in plasmid-like assemblies from marine Enterobacterales, including blaKPC, blaTEM, aacA4, folP, and tetA, highlighting the potential for horizontal gene transfer in coastal environments.

PanARGMiner effectively identifies key resistance genes from pan-genomic datasets, including both known and novel AMR genes, across multiple bacterial species.

The study identifies the aminoglycoside resistance gene cassette ant(3")-Ia in Vibrio cholerae O1 strains, which confers resistance to streptomycin and spectinomycin. Class I integrons containing this gene were found in sulfamethoxazole-resistant strains.