The paper discusses various aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, particularly focusing on AAC(6')-Ib, AAC(6')-Ib-cr, and AAC(6')-Ib 11, which confer resistance to aminoglycosides like amikacin and gentamicin, and in some cases, quinolones.

The study identifies a novel pseudo-staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec element (ψSCCmec57395) in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius CC45, along with various AMR genes such as mecA, blaZ, aac(6')-Ie–aph(2')-Ia, aph(3')-III, ant(6)-Ia, sat4, erm(B), tet(M), dfr(G), and cat pC221. Additionally, fluoroquinolone resistance was linked to specific mutations in gyrA and grlA.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Enterococcus faecium isolates from wastewater, marine outfalls, and river environments, including pbp5, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2"), ant(6')-Ia, tet(M), and tet(L). Mutations in gyrA (S84R) were associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Enterococcus faecalis isolated from retail chicken products in Japan, including aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, ant(6)-Ia, tet(L), tet(M), tet(O), and erm(B). These genes were associated with resistance to various antibiotics such as kanamycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, dihydrostreptomycin, oxytetracycline, and erythromycin.

The study detected antibiotic resistance in probiotic bacteria from dietary supplements, including resistance to streptomycin, gentamycin, aztreonam, and ciprofloxacin. Intrinsic resistance genes such as aac(6')-aph(2"), ant(6), aph(3')-IIIa, and blaZ were identified as potential contributors to the observed resistance profiles.

The study characterizes the AMR genes and mutations in the USA300 CA-MRSA lineage, highlighting the presence of multiple resistance determinants including beta-lactam, aminoglycoside, macrolide, and fluoroquinolone resistance genes, as well as specific mutations in gyrA and parC contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identifies distinct antibiotic resistance gene profiles in Staphylococcus aureus ST59 isolates from the USA and East Asia, with the East Asia clade exhibiting higher resistance to beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, and macrolides.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including tetO, ermB, ant6, aphA, ant9, and lnuB, in Group B Streptococcus CC17 isolates from China, highlighting the emergence of multi-drug resistance in these hypervirulent strains.

The study identified numerous antibiotic resistance genes in Clostridium bolteae and Clostridium clostridioforme, including beta-lactamases, glycopeptide resistance operons, macrolide and lincosamide resistance genes, and efflux pumps. Notably, C. bolteae 90B3 exhibited resistance to linezolid, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and tiamulin due to the presence of the 23S rRNA methyltransferase gene cfr. Additionally, C. clostridioforme 90A8 possessed a VanB-type operon conferring vancomycin resistance.

The study identified several tetracycline, macrolide, and aminoglycoside resistance genes in Lactobacillus isolates from chickens, highlighting the presence of resistance mechanisms in these bacteria.

The study characterizes ICE Sag37, a novel integrative and conjugative element carrying multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including erm(B), tet(O), aadE, aphA, and ant(6), in Streptococcus agalactiae.

The study identified multiple tetracycline, macrolide, lincosamide, and aminoglycoside resistance genes in Streptococcus suis serotype 9 strains, highlighting the widespread presence of antibiotic resistance mechanisms in these isolates.

The study identified two new aminoglycoside phosphotransferase genes (aph(2")-Ii1 and aph(2")-Ii2) associated with gentamicin resistance, a lincosamide nucleotidyltransferase gene (lnu(G)) linked to lincomycin resistance, and new resistance enzymes (apmA and spw) potentially conferring resistance to spectinomycin and gentamicin. Additionally, ant(6)-Ig and ant(6)-If were found to be associated with streptomycin resistance, while ant(9)-Ic was linked to spectinomycin resistance.

The study identified two new aminoglycoside phosphotransferase genes (aph(2")-Ii1 and aph(2")-Ii2) associated with gentamicin resistance, a lincosamide nucleotidyltransferase gene (lnu(G)) linked to lincomycin resistance, and new resistance enzymes (apmA and spw) potentially conferring resistance to spectinomycin and gentamicin. Additionally, ant(6)-Ig and ant(6)-If were found to be associated with streptomycin resistance, while ant(9)-Ic was linked to spectinomycin resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in feedlot lactobacilli, including ermB, tet(S), aadA, ant(6), bla, and aph(3''-III), which confer resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, kanamycin, and ampicillin. These genes were detected through PCR analysis and correlate with phenotypic resistance in some strains.

The study identifies various tetracycline, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, and aminoglycoside resistance genes in Lactobacillus species, highlighting their potential role in antimicrobial resistance and horizontal gene transfer.

The study identified several tetracycline, macrolide, and lincosamide resistance genes in turkey-derived lactobacilli, including tetL, tetM, tetW, ermB, ermC, lnuA, aadE, ant(6)-Ia, cat, and lsaE. These genes were associated with resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, lincomycin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and tiamulin.

The study identifies ant(6)-Ie as a novel aminoglycoside O-nucleotidyltransferase gene contributing to streptomycin resistance in Campylobacter coli, while ant(6)-Ie in C. jejuni is non-functional due to truncation.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Bacteroides ovatus ELH-B2, including those conferring resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and other antibiotics. These genes were validated through minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tests.

The study identified six resistance genes (aph3', ant6, bla, sat4, and two ermB) on the plasmid pEC369, along with a vanC-2 gene cluster on the chromosome, contributing to resistance against erythromycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and vancomycin in Enterococcus casseliflavus EC369.

The study reports the draft genome sequence of Enterococcus faecalis 24FS, highlighting its multiple-antibiotic resistance traits, including resistance to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, erythromycin, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim, streptothricin, and streptomycin, along with potential virulence factors.

The study identified several AMR genes in enterococcal isolates, including aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, ant(6')-Ia, ermB, msrA/B, tetK, tetL, tetM, vanB, vanC1, and optrA, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as gentamicin, streptomycin, macrolides, lincosamides, tetracyclines, vancomycin, and linezolid.

The study identified various AMR genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) isolates from Argentina, including mecA, blaZ, ermB, dfrG, aph(3')-III, ant(6)-Ia, tetM, and aac(6')-Ie-aph(2')-Ia. Mutations in gyrA (S84L) and grlA (S80I) were associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

The study identified several tetracycline, macrolide, aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, sulfonamide, mercury, and biocide resistance genes in beef feedlots, catch basin water, soil, and urban sewage influent. Tetracycline resistance was predominant in beef production systems, while urban sewage influent showed a diverse resistome with resistance to multiple antimicrobial classes.

The study identified several aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, ant(3")-III, aph(3')-IIIa, ant(6')-Ia) and the vancomycin resistance gene vanA in enterococci isolated from hospitalized patients in Northwest Iran. These genes were found to confer resistance to gentamicin and vancomycin, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant enterococci in the region.

The study identified antimicrobial resistance genes such as ant(6)-Ia, blaZ, dfrA, and dfrG in Staphylococcus aureus isolates, along with the equine-adapted leukocidin gene lukPQ and the complement inhibitor gene scn-eq. These findings highlight the presence of virulence and resistance determinants in S. aureus isolates from horses.

The study characterizes the first mecA-positive multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolate from an Argentinean patient, identifying several AMR genes and mutations associated with resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study identifies numerous antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in migratory birds, highlighting the presence of mcr-1, beta-lactamases, tetracycline resistance genes, and other resistance mechanisms. These findings suggest that migratory birds could serve as reservoirs and potential vectors for spreading ARGs into the environment.

The study identified several AMR genes in Enterococcus spp., including erm(B), tet(M), optrA, dfrE, lsa(A), aac(6')-Ib, eat(A), ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, sat4, tet(L), bcrB, bcrC, dfrF, and dfrG, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as macrolides, tetracyclines, oxazolidinones, trimethoprim, and aminoglycosides.

The study identifies a vanA-type vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium ST78 strain carrying a rep2-type plasmid with a Tn1546-like element. The strain exhibits resistance to multiple antibiotics, including vancomycin, teicoplanin, and aminoglycosides, due to the presence of the vanA, ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-III, aac(6')-Ii, and msr(C) genes.

The study identified twelve antimicrobial resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Enterococcus isolates from freshwater, including genes conferring resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, tylosin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and ciprofloxacin. These genes were detected through PCR and sequencing, highlighting the diversity of resistance mechanisms in environmental Enterococcus.

The study identified seven resistance genes and several mutations associated with antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter jejuni isolates, demonstrating the effectiveness of whole-genome sequencing in predicting resistance.

The study identified 15 acquired genes associated with resistance to five distinct antibiotic classes in Campylobacter spp., including novel beta-lactamase genes blaOXA-493 and blaOXA-576, and characterized mutations in gyrA, rpsL, and 23S rRNA that confer resistance to fluoroquinolones, streptomycin, and macrolides, respectively.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) isolates, including blaZ, erm(B), erm(C), aph(3'), ant(6), aad(6), SAT-4, cat(pc221), dfr(G), tet(K), and tet(M). These genes were associated with resistance to beta-lactams, macrolides, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, and tetracycline.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in bacterial isolates from chronic non-healing wounds, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, macrolide resistance genes, and others. These genes were found in various bacterial species such as E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and others.

The study identified various AMR genes including aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and beta-lactamases in Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli isolates from ruminants. Mutations in gyrA and rpsL were linked to quinolone and streptomycin resistance, respectively. The presence of specific genetic determinants correlated with phenotypic resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations associated with resistance to quinolones, tetracyclines, and macrolides in Campylobacter isolates from various sources. Key findings include the prevalence of blaOXA-61, tet(O), and mutations in gyrA and 23S rRNA genes.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in three multi-drug resistant L. innocua isolates, including tet(M), optrA, fexA, dfrG, lnu(B), lsa(E), ant(6)-Ia, erm(B), aph(3')-IIIa, catA8, lnu(A), msr(D), and mef(A). These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as tetracycline, oxazolidinones, fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim, lincomycin, macrolides, aminoglycosides, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from coastal beaches and rivers on the island of Hawai'i, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains.

The study identified several AMR genes in Streptococcus suis serotype 7 strains, including tetracycline resistance genes (tet(O), tet(M), tet(W)), macrolide/lincosamide/streptogramin resistance gene (erm(B)), aminoglycoside resistance genes (ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia), trimethoprim resistance gene (dfrF), and chloramphenicol resistance gene (cat-TC).

The study identified several AMR genes in Streptococcus suis serotype 7 strains, including tetracycline resistance genes (tet(O), tet(M), tet(W)), macrolide/lincosamide/streptogramin resistance gene (erm(B)), aminoglycoside resistance genes (ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia), trimethoprim resistance gene (dfrF), and chloramphenicol resistance gene (cat-TC).

The study identifies the integrative and conjugative element ICE Csp POL2 in the multi-antibiotic-resistant strain Chryseobacterium sp. POL2, which carries several antibiotic resistance genes including those conferring resistance to carbapenems, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, macrolides, tetracycline, and aminoglycosides. The element was found to transfer horizontally to Elizabethkingia species, contributing to the spread of multiple antibiotic resistance genes.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Ib/CC12 Streptococcus agalactiae strains, including genes conferring resistance to macrolides, clindamycin, aminoglycosides, tetracycline, and other antibiotics.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from commercial swine and cattle probiotics, including aac(6')-Ii, aph(3')-III, ant(6)-Ia, tet(L), tet(M), msrC, and cat-(pc194). These genes confer resistance to aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, and phenicols.

The study identifies the presence of the bla KPC gene in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates using long-read sequencing, highlighting its role in carbapenem resistance.

The study identified 16 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in silage samples, highlighting their potential to spread through the food chain and contribute to antimicrobial resistance.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the gut microbiome of Bangladeshi children, including bla CTX-M, mph(A), qnrS1, mdf(A), tet(A), sul2, aadA5, tet(X), erm(X), nimE, dfrA17, bla TEM, and ant(6’)-Ia. These genes were associated with resistance to various antibiotics such as third-generation cephalosporins, azithromycin, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, streptomycin, spectinomycin, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, nitroimidazoles, trimethoprim, penicillins, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified ermA, ermB, and mefE genes associated with macrolide resistance in Streptococcus agalactiae isolates from nonpregnant adults, along with tetM for tetracycline resistance and aph(3')-IIIa and ant(6)-Ia for streptomycin resistance.

The study identifies that prior exposure to microcystin-LR alters the gut resistome, increasing the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes such as mefA, msrD, mel, tet40, and ant6, which are associated with resistance to macrolides, tetracycline, and aminoglycosides.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Enterococcus faecium UC7251, including aac(6')-Ia, ermB, tetM, tetL, pbp5, aad6, aadE, aph(3')-III, ant(6')-Ia, satA, lnuB, and isaE, highlighting the risk of antimicrobial resistance in the food chain.

The study identified several AMR genes in Enterococcus hirae isolates from beef cattle feedlots, including tetracycline resistance genes (tet(L), tet(M), tet(O), tet(S/M), tet(O/32/O)), macrolide resistance gene erm(B), and aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(6')-Iid, ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-III, sat4).

The study identified 18 AMR genes in Limosilactobacillus species, primarily in L. reuteri from animal sources, including tetracycline, aminoglycoside, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin, and lincomycin resistance genes.

The study identified aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, ant(6')-Ia, and tet(M) as key genes contributing to aminoglycoside and tetracycline resistance in Enterococcus spp. isolated from wild birds.

The study identifies various AMR genes in Enterococcus faecium, including vanA, vanB, ermB, ermT, ermA, aad(6), aph(3')-IIIa, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2')-Ia, sat-4, tetM, tet(W/N/W), dfrG, dfrF, lnuB, optrA, and lsaE, which are associated with different habitats and geographic locations.

The study identifies several AMR genes, including ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-III, blaZ, mecA, ermC, and tetK, which contribute to resistance against aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, macrolides, and tetracyclines in VISA DAP-R CA-MRSA. Additionally, a mutation in mprF (Thr345Ala) is linked to daptomycin and glycopeptide resistance.

The study identified 18 AMR genes in non-serotype 2 Streptococcus suis isolates from healthy pigs, including genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, macrolides, lincosamides, tetracyclines, oxazolidinones, nucleosides, and phenicols.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in C. difficile isolates from spinach and soil samples, including vanB, tet(M), ant(6)-Ia, qacG, cdeA, SAT-4, vanXY, vanR, D19aph(3')-III_1, tet(40), and CDD-1, indicating resistance to vancomycin, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, disinfectants, fluoroquinolones, nucleosides, and beta-lactams.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in C. difficile isolates from spinach and soil samples, including vanB, tet(M), ant(6)-Ia, qacG, cdeA, SAT-4, vanXY, vanR, D19aph(3')-III_1, tet(40), and CDD-1, indicating resistance to vancomycin, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, disinfectants, fluoroquinolones, nucleosides, and beta-lactams.

The study characterizes various AMR genes and mutations in Streptococcus suis, highlighting resistance to beta-lactams, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, amphenicols, pleuromutilins, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, and fluoroquinolones.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in manure samples from a swine finishing facility, highlighting the prevalence of resistance to tetracyclines, macrolides, aminoglycosides, and other antibiotics. Key genes included tet(M), lnuA, erm(35), aadS, mphB, dfrG, vga-type ABC-F, lsa-type ABC-F, msr-type ABC-F, optrA, and others, primarily found in Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidota. These genes were associated with resistance mechanisms such as target alteration, antibiotic inactivation, and efflux pumps.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in Streptococcus suis isolates from the United States, including ble, tetO, ermB, lsaE, lnuB, ant(9)-Ia, and ant(6)-Ia, which confer resistance to glycopeptides, tetracyclines, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B, pleuromutilins, and aminoglycosides respectively.

The study found that the CRISPR-Cas system is associated with reduced antibiotic resistance and virulence in Enterococcus isolates. Specific resistance genes such as ermB, aadE, ant(6), aac(6')-aph(2"), tetM, and vanA were identified in the isolates.

The study identifies the presence of the integrative and conjugative element ICE Sag37 in type Ib ST12 GBS isolates, which carries multiple antibiotic resistance genes such as erm(B), tet(O), aadE, aphA, ant-6, lsa(E), and lun(B), contributing to high resistance rates to erythromycin and clindamycin. Additionally, the virulence gene pezT was found in these isolates.

The study identified several AMR genes in Arcobacter spp., including beta-lactamase genes (blaOXA464, blaOXA491), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(L), tet(H), tet(M)), a macrolide resistance gene (ere(A)), and aminoglycoside resistance genes (APH(3')-IIIa, ant(6)-Ia, SAT-4). Additionally, a mutation in the gyrA gene (C254T) was found to confer fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes, including ermB, tetM, tetL, optrA, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-la, ant(6')-Ia, and Int-Tn, in high-level erythromycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolates from bulk tank milk in Korea.

The study identified tetracycline resistance gene tet(O), aminoglycoside resistance genes ant(6)-Ia and aph(3')-III, and chloramphenicol resistance gene cat in Campylobacter jejuni isolates from Toyama, Japan. Additionally, blaOXA-184 was found in ampicillin-resistant isolates.

The study found that organic and alternative pig farming practices are associated with reduced antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) compared to conventional farming. Specific AMR genes such as mecA, blaZ, blaPC1, and others were more prevalent in conventional farms, while organic farms showed lower levels of AMR genes for aminoglycosides, phenicols, and tetracyclines.

The study identified several acquired and intrinsic antimicrobial resistance genes in lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria, including tetW, ANT(6)-Ia, aac(6')-Ie-APH(2'')-Ia, erm(B), erm(49), cat, dfrG, arr-4, and fosXCC. Additionally, mutations in S12, rsmG, Lsa(A), MsrC, and PBP5 were associated with resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in pig manure samples from different regions of Shanxi, China, highlighting the prevalence of tetracycline, aminoglycoside, macrolide, and phenicol resistance genes. Key ARGs included tet(W), tet(40), tet(Q), erm(B), erm(F), mef(A), aph(3')-III, ant(6)-Ia, cfr(C), floR, blaACI-1, optrA, cat, cfxA4, cfxA5, blaCTX-M-105, blaCTX-M-65, fexB, erm(T), mdf(A), and ole(B).

Oral trimethoprim-sulfadiazine (TMS) administration leads to a significant and long-lasting increase in the relative abundance of resistance genes sul2, tetQ, ant6-1a, aph(3"-lb, and lnuC in the equine faecal microbiome.

The study identifies the chromosomal integration of the vanA locus in vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) isolates, highlighting the role of plasmid pWC79 in multidrug resistance and the genetic mechanisms behind the emergence of VRSA.

The study identifies pELF1-like plasmids in Enterococcus faecium that carry multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including vancomycin resistance determinants, aminoglycoside resistance genes, macrolide resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, and oxazolidinone resistance genes. These plasmids are associated with multidrug-resistant clades and demonstrate high stability and self-transmissibility.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in probiotic bacteria, highlighting the presence of mobile genetic elements and the potential for horizontal gene transfer.

The study identified novel variants of aminoglycoside and beta-lactam resistance genes, including aph(3')-IIc, aph(6), ant(6), IND-17, and CHM, which confer resistance to kanamycin, streptomycin, and various beta-lactam antibiotics.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in human isolates of Streptococcus suis, including ant(6)-Ia, tet(O), and erm(B), which confer resistance to streptomycin, tetracycline, and erythromycin/clindamycin respectively.

This scoping review identifies various antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in bacteria isolated from peridomestic Rattus species, including beta-lactamases (bla TEM, bla CTX-M, bla SHV, bla VIM, bla IMP, bla NDM-1), aminoglycoside resistance genes (strA, strB, aadA, aphA), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tet34), trimethoprim resistance genes (dfrA1, dfrA17, dfr14), quinolone resistance genes (qnrB1), and others.

The study identified multiple antibiotic-resistant genes in Enterococcus isolates from bovine colostrum, including tet(K), tet(L), tet(M), erm(B), and ant(6)-Ia, which confer resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, and streptomycin. High rates of multidrug resistance were observed.

The study characterizes antimicrobial resistance genes in Enterococcus raffinosus strains Er676 and ATCC49464, identifying genes such as tetM, ant(9)-Ia, ant(6)-Ia, ermA, efrA, efrB, optrA, and fexA, which confer resistance to tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, macrolides, oxazolidinones, and phenicols.

The study identified a high genetic diversity among C. jejuni strains and detected mutations in the gyrA gene associated with fluoroquinolone resistance. No macrolide-resistance determinants were found, but tetracycline resistance genes (tetO) and beta-lactamase genes (blaOXA-61, blaOXA-193, blaOXA-450, blaOXA-605) were prevalent. Aminoglycoside resistance genes (aph(2")-If, aac(6')-Im, ant(6)-Ia) and multidrug efflux pump genes (cmeABC) were also detected in a multi-resistant strain.

The study identifies the presence of vanA and vanB genes, along with poxtA, fexB, tet(M), and tet(L) in a multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolate, highlighting the coexistence of multiple resistance mechanisms.

The study identifies the presence of vanA and vanB genes, along with poxtA, fexB, tet(M), and tet(L) in a multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolate, highlighting the coexistence of multiple resistance mechanisms.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in C. difficile isolates from environmental sources, including gyrA, gyrB, blaCDD-1, blaCDD-2, tet(M), tet(40), aph(3')-IIIa, ant(6)-la, sat-4, and ermB, which confer resistance to fluoroquinolones, beta-lactams, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and MLS B antibiotics.

The study identifies several antimicrobial resistance genes in Enterococcus species isolated from livestock in South Africa, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains and emphasizing the need for genomic surveillance to monitor the spread of antimicrobial resistance in food chain animals.

The study identified 21 resistance determinants in MRSP and MSSP strains of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, including genes such as blaZ, sdrM, norA, fosB, ykkcd, sepA, aac(6')-aph(2''), dfrG, aph(3')-III, ant(6)-Ia, sat4, erm(B), aad(6), tet(M), cat(pC221), qacG, tet(K), and qacJ, which confer resistance to various antimicrobials.

The study identified various AMR genes in Staphylococcaceae strains isolated from dogs in a Kenyan animal shelter, including tetracycline, beta-lactam, and aminoglycoside resistance genes.

The study found that Neolamarckia cadamba leaves extract (NCLE) reduced the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in cecal contents of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced broilers by maintaining microbial balance.

The study found no significant increase in clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance gene burden in critically ill children treated with SDD-enhanced infection control compared to standard care.

The study identifies several antibiotic-resistance genes associated with febrile neutropenia in pediatric oncology patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, including msr(C), dfrG, erm(T), VanHAX, aac(6')-Ib, aph(3')-III, ant(6)-Ia, and aac(6')-Ii.

The study identifies several antibiotic-resistance genes associated with febrile neutropenia in pediatric oncology patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, including msr(C), dfrG, erm(T), VanHAX, aac(6')-Ib, aph(3')-III, ant(6)-Ia, and aac(6')-Ii.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates from Taiwan, including aminoglycoside, tetracycline, beta-lactam, macrolide, and phenicol resistance genes, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Streptococcus suis serotype 4, including genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, aminoglycosides, oxazolidinones, and chloramphenicol. Prophages were identified as the primary vehicle for the dissemination of these resistance genes.

The study identifies AMR genes such as ermB, tetM, aac(6')-Ib, sat4A, ant6-Ia, and aph3-III in Clostridioides difficile strains, particularly in RT014/020. Mutations in gyrA and gyrB contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance. AMR is uncommon, with limited evidence of clonal transmission.

The study identifies the presence of resistance genes erm47 and ermB in Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae strains from domestic geese in Poland, along with other resistance genes such as tetM, lnuB, lsaE, ant(6)-Ia, and spw. It also highlights the role of integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) and prophage DNA in the spread of these resistance genes.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations in Enterococcus isolates, including vanB for vancomycin resistance, lsaA, lsaE, lnuB for lincosamide resistance, tetM and tetL for tetracycline resistance, aac6'-Ii, aac6'-aph2'', aph3'-III, and ant6-Ia for aminoglycoside resistance, msrC, ermB, and ermT for macrolide resistance, and mutations in gyrA, parC, pbp5, and 23S rRNA for fluoroquinolone, penicillin, and linezolid resistance.

The study identified high resistance rates to ciprofloxacin (90.3%) and tetracycline (66.7%) in human Campylobacter jejuni isolates from southern Spain. Key resistance mechanisms included the T86I mutation in gyrA, the tet(O) gene, blaOXA-61, ant(6)-Ia, cmeABC, and the RE-cmeABC variant. These findings highlight the urgent need for improved surveillance and management strategies for Campylobacter infections.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in CoNS isolates from various hosts, highlighting the spread of multidrug resistance and the role of mobile genetic elements in the dissemination of resistance traits.

The study identified 14 resistance genes in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates, including genes conferring resistance to tetracycline, beta-lactams, and aminoglycosides. Mutations in gyrA, rplV, 23S rRNA, and rpsL were also associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified high frequencies of tetracycline and macrolide resistance genes, specifically tetO and ermB, in European Streptococcus suis isolates.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in enterococci isolated from wild birds, including genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, erythromycin, tetracycline, and streptogramins.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in odontogenic abscesses using NGS, including genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, penicillins, and others. Notably, Fusobacterium showed resistance to clindamycin.

The study identifies linezolid resistance genes optrA and poxtA in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus thailandicus isolates, along with a vancomycin-variable E. faecium strain. It also reveals the increasing prevalence of E. lactis in the healthy human gut and the complex interplay of bacteriocin gene profiles among Enterococcus species.

The study identified and characterized integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) carrying the erm(B) and tet(O) resistance genes in Streptococcus uberis isolates from bovine milk in Japan. These genes confer resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, and tetracyclines.

The study presents a comprehensive meta-analysis of antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from mammalian wild game, highlighting the prevalence of various AMR genes and mutations across different bacterial species.

The study identified the vanA gene as the primary determinant of vancomycin resistance in all 29 VREfm isolates. Additional resistance genes such as aac(6')-Ii, ant(6')-Ia, erm(B), msr(C), tet(L), tet(M), aph(3')-III, aph(2'')-Ia, and inu(B) were also characterized, contributing to resistance against a variety of antibiotics.

AmrProfiler identifies a wide range of AMR genes and mutations across multiple bacterial species, demonstrating high accuracy and broader species coverage compared to existing tools.

The study identified aac(6)-Ie-aph(2)-Ia, ant(6)-Ia, and ant(4′)-Ia genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides in Lactobacillaceae strains, along with a rpsL mutation causing streptomycin resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes, including vanA, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, ant(6')-Ia, and ant(3'')-Ia, which confer resistance to vancomycin, gentamicin, and streptomycin in Enterococcus isolates. High levels of multidrug resistance and biofilm formation were also observed.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Enterococcus faecalis isolates from rabbit carcasses, including aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, ermB, tetM, and tetL, which were consistent with the observed phenotypic resistance patterns.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Campylobacter jejuni isolates, including gyrA mutations (T86I and T86V) associated with quinolone resistance, tet(O) for tetracycline resistance, and various beta-lactamase genes (blaOXA-61, blaOXA-193, blaOXA-450, blaOXA-451, blaOXA-452, blaOXA-453, blaOXA-489) linked to beta-lactam resistance. Additionally, aminoglycoside resistance genes APH(3')-IIIa and ant(6)-Ia were found in some isolates.

The study identified 35% of S. uberis isolates carrying acquired antimicrobial resistance genes, including ant(6)-la, aph(3')-lla, tetL, tetM, tetS, lnuC, and lnuD. Additionally, mutations in penicillin-binding proteins pbp2b (N366I, T402I) and pbp2x (E381K, Q554E, V590A, G600E) were associated with reduced penicillin susceptibility.

The study identified the optrA gene as the primary mechanism of linezolid resistance in Enterococcus species from cancer patients in China, along with other resistance genes such as tet(M), erm(A), and erm(B).

Three Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates from dogs and humans in Egypt were characterized. The isolates showed resistance to various antibiotics, including penicillin, tetracycline, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, fusidic acid, macrolides, streptothricin, and trimethoprim. None of the isolates carried the mecA gene, which is associated with methicillin resistance.

The study identified high rates of tetracycline (89.1%) and clindamycin (55.1%) resistance in GBS strains from Haikou, China. Key resistance genes included mreA, ermB, tetM, catQ, cat(pC194), ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-III, and aac(6')-aph(2'').

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in UK E. cecorum isolates, including tet(L), tet(M), ant(6)-la, ermB, NarA/NarB, and lnuC, as well as mutations in pbp2x and gyrA that confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci associated with mastitis, including blaZ, mecA, tetK, tetM, aphA3, aacA-aphD, aadD, ermA, msrA, mphC, lnuB, and vanA, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as β-lactams, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and glycopeptides.

The study reports the first detection of livestock-associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 in wild birds in Brazil, highlighting the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant S. aureus in a protected Atlantic Forest fragment. The MRSA isolates exhibited a broad resistome, including genes for resistance to multiple antimicrobial classes.

The study identifies several AMR genes, including aph(6)-id_2, mef(c), mef(b), mph(e), mph(g), msr(d), lnu(b), lnu(d), aadA, ant(6)-Ia, blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA, qnrS1, mcr-1, and vanA, which are associated with resistance to various antibiotics such as aminoglycosides, macrolides, lincosamides, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, polymyxins, and glycopeptides.

The study identified several tetracycline, aminoglycoside, and MLS resistance genes in the fecal microbiome of gilts, with no significant increases in ARG abundance following exposure to semen extenders containing antibiotics.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in four multidrug-resistant Mammaliicoccus sciuri isolates from farm ruminants in Peninsular Malaysia, including mecA, ermY, mphC, msrA, tetL, tetS, aadD, ant(6)-Ia, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, fexA, icaA, icaB, icaC, icaD, icaR, sspA, ndk, and lgt. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics, including β-lactams, macrolides, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and chloramphenicol.

The study identifies the prophage φEr670 carrying lnuB and lsaE genes, and the genomic island GI_Er147 carrying ant(6)-Ia, spw, lnu(J), and vat family genes in E. rhusiopathiae strains. These genes confer resistance to lincomycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, and spectinomycin.

The study evaluated the ability of MicroScan PM-8 panels to detect vancomycin resistance (VR) and high-level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) in enterococci, comparing them to reference methods. It identified and validated several AMR genes including vanA, vanB, vanC1, vanC2-3, ANT(6)-I, AAC(6')-Ib, and APH(2")-I.