Browse AMR Genes
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
APH(2'')
Overview
| Allele | Database | Papers | Drug Classes | Organisms | Countries | Years | Sequence Accession | Protein Accession |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| APH(2'')-Ie | Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogResFinder Database | 4 | TOBRAMYCIN, KANAMYCIN +3 | Enterococcus casseliflavus +1 | - | 2006 | AY939911.1 | AAX38178.1 |
| aph(2'')-Ie | ResFinder Database | 1 | TOBRAMYCIN, SPECTINOMYCIN +2 | Enterococcus faecium | - | 2005 | AY743255 | - |
| aph(2) | Reslit | 1 | gentamicin | Staphylococcus aureus | Russia | 2020 | WIPL00000000|WIPM00000000|WIPN00000000|WIPO00000000|WIPP00000000|WIPQ00000000|WIPR00000000|WIPS00000000|WIPT00000000|WIPU00000000|WIPV00000000|WIPW00000000|WIPX00000000|WIPY00000000|WIPZ00000000|WIQA00000000|WIQB00000000|WIQC00000000|WIQD00000000|WOUL00000000|WNKR00000000 | - |
| aph2 | Reslit | 2 | kanamycin, gentamicin +1 | Halomonas socia CKY01 +2 | High Arctic Svalbard | 2021, 2022 | CP053929 | - |
| aph(2") | Reslit | 3 | aminoglycosides, tobramycin +1 | Porcine +2 | Minnesota, Russia | 2022, 2025 | - | - |
| aph(2'')-I | Reslit | 1 | kanamycin, gentamicin +2 | Escherichia coli | - | 2023 | - | - |
| APH(2") | Reslit | 2 | aminoglycosides, gentamicin | Firmicutes | - | 2025, 2026 | - | - |
| aph(2'') | Reslit | 2 | tobramycin, aminoglycosides | Nocardia farcinica +2 | Europe | 2025 | - | - |
| APH(2'') | Reslit | 1 | aminoglycosides | Pseudomonas aeruginosa +5 | - | 2025 | - | - |
| APH(2")-I | Reslit | 1 | gentamicin | Enterococcus spp. | United States | 1998 | - | - |
Detection of a novel aph(2") allele (aph[2"]-Ie) conferring high-level gentamicin resistance and a spectinomycin resistance gene ant(9)-Ia (aad 9) in clinical isolates of enterococci.
Insertion sequence ISEcp1-like element connected with a novel aph(2'') allele [aph(2'')-Ie] conferring high-level gentamicin resistance and a novel streptomycin adenylyltransferase gene in Enterococcus.
Insertion sequence ISEcp1-like element connected with a novel aph(2'') allele [aph(2'')-Ie] conferring high-level gentamicin resistance and a novel streptomycin adenylyltransferase gene in Enterococcus.
Insertion sequence ISEcp1-like element connected with a novel aph(2'') allele [aph(2'')-Ie] conferring high-level gentamicin resistance and a novel streptomycin adenylyltransferase gene in Enterococcus.
Virulence Factors and Phylogeny of Staphylococcus aureus Associated With Bovine Mastitis in Russia Based on Genome Sequences.
The study identified antibiotic resistance genes blaZ, ermC, aac(3), aph(2), and norA in Staphylococcus aureus isolates associated with bovine mastitis in Russia. These genes conferred resistance to penicillin, erythromycin, and gentamicin.
NaCl Concentration-Dependent Aminoglycoside Resistance of Halomonas socia CKY01 and Identification of Related Genes.
The study identifies the aph2 gene as a key contributor to aminoglycoside resistance in Halomonas socia CKY01, which shows increased expression under high NaCl conditions. Overexpression of aph2 in E. coli conferred resistance to kanamycin, gentamicin, and apramycin.
The impacts of viral infection and subsequent antimicrobials on the microbiome-resistome of growing pigs.
The study identified ermG as a gene that increased in abundance in the feces of treated pigs compared to those that did not receive post-PRRS antimicrobials, indicating its role in macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B resistance.
Arctic Psychrotolerant Pseudomonas sp. B14-6 Exhibits Temperature-Dependent Susceptibility to Aminoglycosides.
The study identifies two aminoglycoside phosphotransferase genes, aph1 and aph2, as the primary contributors to streptomycin resistance in the psychrotolerant bacterium Pseudomonas sp. B14-6. These genes were experimentally validated through whole-genome sequencing and RT-PCR.
Distribution Patterns of Antibiotic Resistance Genes and Their Bacterial Hosts in a Manure Lagoon of a Large-Scale Swine Finishing Facility.
The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in manure samples from a swine finishing facility, highlighting the prevalence of resistance to tetracyclines, macrolides, aminoglycosides, and other antibiotics. Key genes included tet(M), lnuA, erm(35), aadS, mphB, dfrG, vga-type ABC-F, lsa-type ABC-F, msr-type ABC-F, optrA, and others, primarily found in Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidota. These genes were associated with resistance mechanisms such as target alteration, antibiotic inactivation, and efflux pumps.
Extensive screening reveals previously undiscovered aminoglycoside resistance genes in human pathogens.
The study identifies numerous novel aminoglycoside resistance genes (AMEs) in human pathogens through extensive computational screening of bacterial genomes. Twenty-four out of twenty-eight experimentally tested AMEs conferred resistance to aminoglycosides in E. coli, with seventeen exceeding clinical breakpoints.
The transfer of antibiotic resistance genes between evolutionarily distant bacteria.
The study identifies numerous inter-phylum transfers of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) across various bacterial phyla, highlighting the widespread nature of these transfers and their potential implications for the spread of multidrug resistance.
Genomic and phenotypic characterization of antimicrobial resistance in clinical Nocardia species isolates.
Genomic and phenotypic characterization of antimicrobial resistance in clinical Nocardia species isolates.
Nanopore targeted sequencing in lower respiratory infections: a retrospective study on diagnostic applications, clinical characterization, and antimicrobial guidance.
The study identified 16 distinct AMR genes in 15 patients using NTS, highlighting the effectiveness of NTS in detecting resistance genes in ESKAPE pathogens.
Temporal dynamics of the resistome in gilts raised in an organic operation in which semen used for artificial insemination is the primary source of antimicrobial exposure.
The study identified several tetracycline, aminoglycoside, and MLS resistance genes in the fecal microbiome of gilts, with no significant increases in ARG abundance following exposure to semen extenders containing antibiotics.
Effect of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis duration for colic surgery on complications and resistome.
The study found that extending surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis beyond 24 hours did not increase postoperative complications but led to a higher abundance of beta-lactam resistance genes, including TEM, BlaZ, SHV, CfxA, and PBP2, as well as aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes like AAC(6'), ANT(3"), ANT(6), APH(2"), APH(3'), APH(3"), and APH(6) in the fecal resistome of horses.
Use of molecular and reference susceptibility testing methods in a multicenter evaluation of MicroScan dried overnight gram-positive MIC panels for detection of vancomycin and high-level aminoglycoside resistances in enterococci.
The study evaluated the ability of MicroScan PM-8 panels to detect vancomycin resistance (VR) and high-level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) in enterococci, comparing them to reference methods. It identified and validated several AMR genes including vanA, vanB, vanC1, vanC2-3, ANT(6)-I, AAC(6')-Ib, and APH(2")-I.
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