The study identifies vanA, tet(S), and tet(U) as key genes contributing to vancomycin and tetracycline resistance in VRSA isolates, highlighting the role of plasmid-mediated gene transfer in the emergence of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

The study identified a multidrug-resistant PVL+ CA-MRSA ST59 strain in Taiwan with a novel SCC mec type VII, carrying resistance genes such as tetK, cat, aadE, aph(3')-IIIa, ermB, blaZ, and cadDX.

The study characterizes new SCCmec elements and mutations in topoisomerase genes associated with fluoroquinolone and methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius.

The study reports the emergence of linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus cohnii subsp. ureolyticus in an ICU in Greece, highlighting the presence of resistance genes mecA, ermA, aac(6')-Ie+aph(2''), and aph(3')-IIIa, along with the G2576T mutation in the 23S rRNA gene associated with linezolid resistance.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in MRSA strains causing a skin lesion in a Spanish patient, including mecA, tetK, tetL, tetM, ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA, aph(2')-acc(6'), ant(4')-Ia, aph(3')-III, and dfrK, along with quinolone resistance mutations in grlA and gyrA.

The paper discusses various aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, particularly focusing on AAC(6')-Ib, AAC(6')-Ib-cr, and AAC(6')-Ib 11, which confer resistance to aminoglycosides like amikacin and gentamicin, and in some cases, quinolones.

The study identified a high prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the surgical units of Mulago hospital in Kampala, Uganda. It also characterized several AMR genes including mecA, blaZ, and aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes such as aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, and ant(4')-Ia.

The study characterizes three aminoglycoside resistance-causing enzymes: APH(3')-IIIa, ANT(2'')-Ia, and AAC-(3)-IV, which modify aminoglycoside antibiotics, leading to reduced susceptibility.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in staphylococcal isolates, including mecA for methicillin resistance, aac(6')/aph(2"), aph(3')-IIIa, and ant(4')-Ia for gentamicin resistance, ermA, ermB, ermC, and msrA for erythromycin resistance, tetK and tetM for tetracycline resistance, and blaZ for penicillin resistance.

The study developed a DNA microarray for genotyping antibiotic resistance determinants in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates, identifying numerous resistance genes and mutations associated with carbapenem, aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, and other antibiotic resistances.

The study identifies a novel pseudo-staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec element (ψSCCmec57395) in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius CC45, along with various AMR genes such as mecA, blaZ, aac(6')-Ie–aph(2')-Ia, aph(3')-III, ant(6)-Ia, sat4, erm(B), tet(M), dfr(G), and cat pC221. Additionally, fluoroquinolone resistance was linked to specific mutations in gyrA and grlA.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) isolated from very low birth weight neonates, including mecA, ermC, msrA, aac(6')/aph(2''), and aph(3')-IIIa, which conferred resistance to methicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin, and amikacin.

The study identified the vanA gene as the primary determinant of vancomycin and teicoplanin resistance in Enterococcus faecium outbreaks. Additional resistance genes such as erm(B), tet(M), aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, and aad6 were also characterized, contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study identified aac(6')/aph(2"), aph(3')-IIIa, and ant(4')-Ia as the primary amikacin resistance genes in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates from dogs.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Enterococcus faecalis isolated from retail chicken products in Japan, including aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, ant(6)-Ia, tet(L), tet(M), tet(O), and erm(B). These genes were associated with resistance to various antibiotics such as kanamycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, dihydrostreptomycin, oxytetracycline, and erythromycin.

The study identifies several AMR genes, including aac(6')-aph(2")-Ia, vanA, vanB, tetM, ermB, aph(3')-IIIa, and sat4, which are associated with resistance to aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, and streptothricin in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis.

The study detected antibiotic resistance in probiotic bacteria from dietary supplements, including resistance to streptomycin, gentamycin, aztreonam, and ciprofloxacin. Intrinsic resistance genes such as aac(6')-aph(2"), ant(6), aph(3')-IIIa, and blaZ were identified as potential contributors to the observed resistance profiles.

The study identified the blaZ, aph(3')-IIIa, and tem genes as responsible for penicillin, gentamicin, and ampicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from periodontitis patients.

The study characterizes the AMR genes and mutations in the USA300 CA-MRSA lineage, highlighting the presence of multiple resistance determinants including beta-lactam, aminoglycoside, macrolide, and fluoroquinolone resistance genes, as well as specific mutations in gyrA and parC contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in enterococci from Turkish cheeses, including ermB, tetM, aph(3')-IIIa, cat, and aac(6')-Ieaph(2")-Ia, which confer resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, tetracycline, kanamycin, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol.

The study identifies distinct antibiotic resistance gene profiles in Staphylococcus aureus ST59 isolates from the USA and East Asia, with the East Asia clade exhibiting higher resistance to beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, and macrolides.

The study identified numerous antibiotic resistance genes in Clostridium bolteae and Clostridium clostridioforme, including beta-lactamases, glycopeptide resistance operons, macrolide and lincosamide resistance genes, and efflux pumps. Notably, C. bolteae 90B3 exhibited resistance to linezolid, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and tiamulin due to the presence of the 23S rRNA methyltransferase gene cfr. Additionally, C. clostridioforme 90A8 possessed a VanB-type operon conferring vancomycin resistance.

The study identified numerous antibiotic resistance genes in Clostridium bolteae and Clostridium clostridioforme, including beta-lactamases, glycopeptide resistance operons, macrolide and lincosamide resistance genes, and efflux pumps. Notably, C. bolteae 90B3 exhibited resistance to linezolid, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and tiamulin due to the presence of the 23S rRNA methyltransferase gene cfr. Additionally, C. clostridioforme 90A8 possessed a VanB-type operon conferring vancomycin resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Enterococcus faecalis isolates from macaque cephalic implants, highlighting the presence of high-level aminoglycoside resistance, tetracycline resistance, and bacitracin resistance. These findings emphasize the complexity of AMR in clinical settings and the need for targeted antimicrobial strategies.

The study identified vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) strains carrying the vanA gene, along with multiple resistance genes such as mecA, ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA, msrB, tetM, ant(4')-Ia, aac(6')-Ie/aph(2'')-Ia, and aph(3')-IIIa. These strains exhibited high-level resistance to vancomycin and other antibiotics.

The study identified aac(6')-Ie-aph(2"), aph(3')-IIIa, ant(4')-Ia, tetK, and tetM as the primary genes responsible for aminoglycoside and tetracycline resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from the Southwest of Iran.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in marine fish isolates, including blaTEM, Class I integron, tetA, aph(3')-IIIa, ermB, aadA, and sul1, indicating a potential risk of antibiotic resistance transmission to humans through the food chain.

The study identified multiple tetracycline, macrolide, lincosamide, and aminoglycoside resistance genes in Streptococcus suis serotype 9 strains, highlighting the widespread presence of antibiotic resistance mechanisms in these isolates.

The study identified aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia as the predominant gene responsible for high-level gentamicin resistance, while aph(3')-IIIa was found in 40% of high-level streptomycin-resistant isolates.

The study identified several AMR genes in S. aureus isolates from nurses, including ermC, msrA, tetK, aac(6')-Ie/aph(2')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, and ant(4')-Ia, which conferred resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, and gentamicin.

The study identifies novel linezolid resistance plasmids containing optrA and cfr genes in Enterococcus isolates from food animals in the USA, highlighting the potential for horizontal transfer of resistance genes.

The study identified multiple methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) strains in two Italian kennels, highlighting the presence of various resistance mechanisms including beta-lactam, aminoglycoside, macrolide, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol resistance genes.

The study identified several AMR genes in feedlot lactobacilli, including ermB, tet(S), aadA, ant(6), bla, and aph(3''-III), which confer resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, streptomycin, kanamycin, and ampicillin. These genes were detected through PCR analysis and correlate with phenotypic resistance in some strains.

The study identified mcr-1 and mcr-3 genes as the primary colistin resistance genes in the Funan River, along with other resistance genes such as sul1, sul2, aac(6')-Ib-cr, bla CTX-M, tetM, ermB, qnrS, and aph(3')-IIIa. These genes were found in various bacterial species, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains in the river.

The study identifies several AMR genes, including aac(6')-aph(2"), aadD, aph(3')-IIIa, dfrA, dfrG, qacA, and qacC, associated with resistance to gentamicin, trimethoprim, and chlorhexidine in ST239 MRSA. The pSK1-like plasmids were found to contribute to enhanced resistance and tolerance through the acquisition of these genes.

The study identified aminoglycoside resistance genes aac(6')-Ib, aph(3')-II, and aph(3')-III in a small percentage of the isolates, indicating that resistance mechanisms in the sludge samples are not predominantly due to these enzymes.

The study identified various AMR genes in MRSA isolates from Iranian ICUs, including genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracycline, and mupirocin.

The study reports the draft genome sequence of Enterococcus faecalis 24FS, highlighting its multiple-antibiotic resistance traits, including resistance to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, erythromycin, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim, streptothricin, and streptomycin, along with potential virulence factors.

The study identified several AMR genes including ermC, tetK, aac6-aph2a, aph(2)-ic, aadD, aph3-III, and ermB in Gram-positive pathogens isolated from the International Space Station. These genes conferred resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, gentamicin, kanamycin, and other antibiotics.

The study identified various AMR genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) isolates from Argentina, including mecA, blaZ, ermB, dfrG, aph(3')-III, ant(6)-Ia, tetM, and aac(6')-Ie-aph(2')-Ia. Mutations in gyrA (S84L) and grlA (S80I) were associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in multidrug-resistant staphylococci from high-frequency touched surfaces in London, including blaZ, qacA/B, dfrC, norA, ant(4')-Ib, AAC(6')-Ie-APH(2")-Ia, fusB, msrA, ermC, mphC, tetK, mupA, cat, dfrG, lnuA, fusC, aph3-IIIa, sat4A, vgaA, and others. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as penicillin, fusidic acid, mupirocin, tetracycline, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified quinolone resistance mediated by gyrA Thr-86-Ile mutation, tetracycline resistance via tet(O) gene, aminoglycoside resistance through ant(6)-Ib and APH(3')-IIIa genes, and multidrug resistance via cmeABC efflux pump in Campylobacter isolates from Latvia.

The study identified several aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, ant(3")-III, aph(3')-IIIa, ant(6')-Ia) and the vancomycin resistance gene vanA in enterococci isolated from hospitalized patients in Northwest Iran. These genes were found to confer resistance to gentamicin and vancomycin, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant enterococci in the region.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in Kenyan Staphylococcus aureus isolates, including mecA, ant(4')-lb, aph(3')-IIIa, ermA, sat-4, fusA, mphC, msrA, gyrA (S84L), parC (S80F), and rpoB mutations, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Streptococcus ruminantium isolates, including genes conferring resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, erythromycin, kanamycin, and chloramphenicol. These genes were located in genomic islands and showed similarities to integrative conjugative elements.

The study identifies specific AMR genes such as tet(M), erm(B), mef(A), msr(D), tet(O), erm(A), ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-III, and erm(T) associated with resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, and aminoglycosides in group A Streptococcus (GAS) strains. These genes are linked to high-frequency resistance in certain emm types, particularly emm11, emm75, emm77, and emm92, which are overrepresented in invasive GAS infections.

The study identified various AMR genes in S. aureus isolates, including mecA, pvl, czrC, qacA/B, aac(6')/aph(2), aph(3'-III), msrA, ermA, ermC, mphC, tetK, tetL, tetM, cat::pC221, cat::pC223, cat::pC194, dfrA, dfrB, and dfrG, which confer resistance to multiple antibiotics such as oxacillin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim.

The study identified several AMR genes in multidrug-resistant Enterococcus spp. isolated from wastewater treatment plants, including vancomycin resistance genes (vanA, vanM, vanG, vanC), macrolide resistance genes (ermB, msrC), tetracycline resistance genes (tetL), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aad(6'), aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, ant(9')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, SAT-4, ant(6')-Ia), chloramphenicol resistance gene (cat), dihydrofolate reductase genes (dfrE, dfrF, dfrG), and lincosamide resistance genes (InuB, InuG).

The study identifies various AMR genes and mutations in Enterococcus faecium and Enterobacter hormaechei isolates from a liver transplant patient, highlighting their roles in resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study characterizes the first mecA-positive multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolate from an Argentinean patient, identifying several AMR genes and mutations associated with resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study identified several AMR genes including mecA, vanA, vanB, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, ant(4')-Ia, and aph(3')-IIIa in staphylococci isolated from healthy children in Eastern Uganda. These genes were associated with resistance to methicillin, vancomycin, and aminoglycosides.

The study identifies numerous antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in migratory birds, highlighting the presence of mcr-1, beta-lactamases, tetracycline resistance genes, and other resistance mechanisms. These findings suggest that migratory birds could serve as reservoirs and potential vectors for spreading ARGs into the environment.

The study identified several AMR genes in Enterococcus spp., including erm(B), tet(M), optrA, dfrE, lsa(A), aac(6')-Ib, eat(A), ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, sat4, tet(L), bcrB, bcrC, dfrF, and dfrG, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as macrolides, tetracyclines, oxazolidinones, trimethoprim, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified multiple horizontally acquired resistance genes in Campylobacter jejuni isolates from New Hampshire, including genes conferring resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, streptothricin, and tetracycline.

The study identifies a vanA-type vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium ST78 strain carrying a rep2-type plasmid with a Tn1546-like element. The strain exhibits resistance to multiple antibiotics, including vancomycin, teicoplanin, and aminoglycosides, due to the presence of the vanA, ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-III, aac(6')-Ii, and msr(C) genes.

The study identified aadA9 and aadA11 as novel aminoglycoside resistance genes in Trueperella pyogenes, along with strA-strB and aph(3')-IIIa, which were reported for the first time in this species.

The study identified high prevalence of multidrug-resistant ST239 isolates with strong biofilm-producing ability. Key AMR genes included mupA, fusC, erm(A), erm(C), ant(4')-Ia, aac(6')-Ie/aph(2''), aph(3')-IIIa, tetM, and tetK.

The study identifies multidrug-resistant Streptococcus agalactiae strains with high penicillin and cefotaxime non-susceptibilities, highlighting the emergence of MDR and PEN-NS GBS in both human and aquatic environments.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in Campylobacter jejuni isolates from a large multistate outbreak linked to pet store puppies, including resistance to tetracycline, aminoglycosides, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and others.

The study identifies various aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (AMEs) in gram-negative bacteria causing human infections, including aac(6′)-lb, aac(3′)-I, aph(3′)-VI, aac(3′)-II, ant(2′)-I, ant(4′)-IIb, aph(2′)-Ib, aph(2′)-Ic, aph(2′)-Id, aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2′)-Ia, and aph(3′)-IIIa. These AMEs confer resistance to multiple aminoglycosides such as amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, and netilmicin.

The study identified several AMR genes, including blaOXA61, blaOXA184, tet(O), tet(O/32/O), aadE-Cc, and aph(3')-III, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides in Campylobacter isolates. Additionally, mutations in the cmeR gene were linked to increased resistance to erythromycin, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides.

The study identified twelve antimicrobial resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Enterococcus isolates from freshwater, including genes conferring resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, tylosin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and ciprofloxacin. These genes were detected through PCR and sequencing, highlighting the diversity of resistance mechanisms in environmental Enterococcus.

The study compared hybrid assembly approaches for bacterial pathogen genomes and identified AMR genes such as blaZ, msr(A), and tet(K) in Staphylococcus aureus.

The study identified seven resistance genes and several mutations associated with antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter jejuni isolates, demonstrating the effectiveness of whole-genome sequencing in predicting resistance.

The study identified 15 acquired genes associated with resistance to five distinct antibiotic classes in Campylobacter spp., including novel beta-lactamase genes blaOXA-493 and blaOXA-576, and characterized mutations in gyrA, rpsL, and 23S rRNA that confer resistance to fluoroquinolones, streptomycin, and macrolides, respectively.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Campylobacter isolates from pigs and wild boars in Italy, highlighting high levels of resistance to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and erythromycin. Key findings include the detection of tet(O), cmeA, cmeB, cmeC, cmeR, OXA-61, and aph(3')-III genes, as well as the gyrA T86I mutation and 23S rRNA A2075G mutation.

The study identifies the role of insertion sequence IS1216V in the dissemination of multidrug-resistant elements MES(PM1) and MES(6272-2) between Enterococcus and ST59 Staphylococcus aureus, highlighting the contribution of IS1216V in mediating the transfer of resistance genes such as ermB, aph(3')-IIIa, aadE, aacA-aphD, and cat.

The study benchmarks long-read assemblers for genomic analyses of bacterial pathogens using Oxford Nanopore sequencing, highlighting the importance of accurate AMR profiling and identifying specific AMR genes such as aph(3')-III, blaOXA-61, and erm(33).

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in bacterial isolates from chronic non-healing wounds, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, macrolide resistance genes, and others. These genes were found in various bacterial species such as E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and others.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in bacterial isolates from chronic non-healing wounds, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, macrolide resistance genes, and others. These genes were found in various bacterial species such as E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and others.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Campylobacter isolates from food animals, poultry processing, and retail meat in North Carolina, highlighting the prevalence of tetracycline, quinolone, and aminoglycoside resistance. Key findings include the detection of tet(O), gyrA(T86I), and multiple aminoglycoside resistance genes such as aad9, aadE-Cc, aph(2')-If, and aph(3')-IIIa.

The study reports a case of implanted port catheter system infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ST71-SCC mec III, identifying several AMR genes and mutations including aac(6')-aph(2''), ant(6')-Ia, aph(3')-III, sat4A, mecA, blaZ, erm(B), dfrG, GyrA Ser84Leu, and GrlA Ser80Ile.

All 31 MRSP isolates were multidrug-resistant, showing resistance to penicillin, macrolides, lincosamides, aminoglycosides, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Key resistance genes identified include blaZ, ermB, msr(A/B), aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, ant(4')-Ia, tetM, tetK, and dfrG.

The study presents a DNA microarray-based assay for the simultaneous detection of 44 sepsis-relevant bacterial pathogens, 360 virulence factors, and 409 antibiotic resistance genes. The assay was evaluated with 14 multidrug-resistant strains, including all ESKAPE pathogens.

The study presents a cross-resistance platform (CRP) consisting of 28 Staphylococcus aureus strains with defined resistance genotypes, designed to detect cross-resistance between established and novel antibacterial agents. The CRP includes various AMR genes and mutations that confer resistance to multiple antibiotic classes.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in S. aureus isolates from SSTIs in ambulatory patients in Portugal, including blaZ, mecA, erm(A), erm(C), msr(A), mph(C), aadD, aacA-aphD, aph(3')-IIIa, and fusC, along with mutations in grlA, gyrA, and fusA associated with fluoroquinolone and fusidic acid resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes including aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and beta-lactamases in Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli isolates from ruminants. Mutations in gyrA and rpsL were linked to quinolone and streptomycin resistance, respectively. The presence of specific genetic determinants correlated with phenotypic resistance.

The study identified tetracycline, erythromycin, streptomycin, and gentamicin resistance genes in Enterococcus spp. isolated from intensive pig farming in South Africa, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains and the potential for transmission to humans.

The study identified several AMR genes in bacterial isolates from subclinical mastitis cases in bovine dairy herds in North Upper Egypt, including mecA, blaZ, icaD, aph(3')-IIIa, vanC-2/3as, hyl, cfb, tetA, sul1, fimH, and tsh. These genes were detected through PCR and are associated with resistance to methicillin, beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, vancomycin, tetracyclines, and sulphonamides.

The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes in Enterococcus spp. isolated from a wastewater treatment plant in South Africa, including genes conferring resistance to tetracycline, macrolides, aminoglycosides, and trimethoprim.

The study identified several AMR genes in LAB strains, including aph(3")-IIIa, erm(B), lnu(A), msr(C), tet(K), and tet(M), which confer resistance to aminoglycosides, macrolides, lincomycins, and tetracyclines. These findings highlight the potential of LAB as reservoirs of AMR genes.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in three multi-drug resistant L. innocua isolates, including tet(M), optrA, fexA, dfrG, lnu(B), lsa(E), ant(6)-Ia, erm(B), aph(3')-IIIa, catA8, lnu(A), msr(D), and mef(A). These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as tetracycline, oxazolidinones, fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim, lincomycin, macrolides, aminoglycosides, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from coastal beaches and rivers on the island of Hawai'i, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains.

Nine Clostridioides difficile strains isolated from Korean patients were analyzed, revealing diverse antibiotic resistance genes including those conferring resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, glycopeptides, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and tetracyclines.

The study identified several AMR genes in MRSA ST113 strains, including aph(3')-IIIa, aad(6), sat-4, tet(K), mupA, and ant(4')-Ib, along with a point mutation in fusA conferring resistance to fusidic acid.

The study identified several AMR genes in Streptococcus suis serotype 7 strains, including tetracycline resistance genes (tet(O), tet(M), tet(W)), macrolide/lincosamide/streptogramin resistance gene (erm(B)), aminoglycoside resistance genes (ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia), trimethoprim resistance gene (dfrF), and chloramphenicol resistance gene (cat-TC).

The study characterizes the genetic structure of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates displaying a VanD phenotype with a vanA genotype, highlighting the presence of various resistance genes and genetic variations within the van transposon.

The study identified mecC-positive MRSA strains ST425-t742 and ST130-t843 in surface waters, along with various AMR genes such as mecC, blaZ, ermT, msr(A/B), vgaA, tetL, mecA, mph(C), aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, dfrA, fusB, and catpC221 in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci.

The study identified 18 antimicrobial resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus strain DC.RB_015, including mecA, blaZ, mepA, tet(K), tet(38), arlR, arlS, norA, mgrA, LmrS, APH(3′)-IIIa, aad(6), ErmB, SAT-4, mecR1, GlpT, murA, and bacA, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as methicillin, beta-lactam, tetracycline, fluoroquinolone, macrolide, aminoglycoside, nucleoside, fosfomycin, and bacitracin.

The study identified several AMR genes in Streptococcus suis isolates from diseased pigs in Italy, including ermb, tet(O), aac6-aph2, ant6-ia, aph3-iiia, spw, tet(40), tet(W), tet(O/W/32/O), tet(W/N/N), erm(47), lnuB, lsaE, and optrA, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as erythromycin, tetracycline, gentamicin, lincomycin, and linezolid.

The study identified several AMR genes in Staphylococcus isolates from Novosibirsk, Russia, including mecA, blaZ, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, ant(4')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, ermA, ermC, msrA, norA, dfrC, fosB, and mphC, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, quinolones, and other antibiotics.

The study identified vanA and vanB genes in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates, along with tet(M) and erm(B) genes associated with tetracycline and macrolide resistance, respectively. Aminoglycoside resistance was mediated by aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2′)-Ia and aph(3′)-IIIa genes.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Ib/CC12 Streptococcus agalactiae strains, including genes conferring resistance to macrolides, clindamycin, aminoglycosides, tetracycline, and other antibiotics.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in probiotic lozenges, including erm(T), rpoB, gyr(A), parC, dfrD, aph(3”)-III, ant(2”)-I, erm(B), mefA, cat-TC, vanX, and vatE, which confer resistance to erythromycin, rifampicin, fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim, kanamycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, vancomycin, and quinupristin/dalfopristin.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in Enterococcus faecium strains isolated from commercial swine and cattle probiotics, including aac(6')-Ii, aph(3')-III, ant(6)-Ia, tet(L), tet(M), msrC, and cat-(pc194). These genes confer resistance to aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, and phenicols.

Early-life broad-spectrum antibiotics alter the infant gut microbiome and resistome, with amoxicillin + cefotaxime having the most significant impact on AMR gene profiles.

The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in river biofilms upstream and downstream of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), including qnrA, qnrS, mfsA, ermC, ermX, macB, mefA_10, cat, catB3, aadB, aph(3')-III, AAC(3)-Ib, bacA_1, blaPer-1, blaIMP, blaTEM, blaKPC, blaDHA, cblA, ermC, ermY, ermX, mdtL, cusF, copD, qacA, mecA, dfrF, arnA, sul1, sulA, vat(A), IS6100, ISS1N, Intl1, blaCTX-M, blaIMP, mefA_10, tolC, mdfF, acrA, dfrA27, aac(6')-IIa, vanA, intl3, and TTV. These genes were associated with resistance to various antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones, macrolides, chloramphenicol, aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, polymyxins, sulfonamides, and others. The study also found that the resistome composition varied between upstream and downstream sites, indicating the impact of WWTP effluents on the distribution of ARGs in river biofilms.

The study identified 1295 open reading frames recognized as antimicrobial resistance protein-coding genes in porcine gut microbiomes, highlighting tetracycline, aminoglycoside, and MLS resistance as predominant. Key ARGs like tet(W/N/W), APH(3')-IIIa, and ErmB were found to be highly prevalent and associated with resistance to specific antibiotics.

The study identifies the presence of the bla KPC gene in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates using long-read sequencing, highlighting its role in carbapenem resistance.

The study identified multiple multidrug-resistant methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) in poultry, carrying genes such as mecA, ermA, ermB, ermC, mphC, aph(3')-IIIa, ant(4')-Ia, str, tetK, tetL, tetM, tetO, cfr, dfrK, dfrD, and cat p194, which confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolates from Miranda donkeys and their handlers, including blaZ, aph(3')-IIIa, tetK, tetL, tetM, lnuA, ermB, ermC, mecA, and optrA. These genes confer resistance to penicillins, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, lincomycins, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, methicillin, and linezolid.

The study identified 16 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in silage samples, highlighting their potential to spread through the food chain and contribute to antimicrobial resistance.

The study identified a decrease in the abundance of various antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) during thermophilic composting of human excreta, including genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, macrolides, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Campylobacter isolates, including gyrA, tet(O), blaOXA-61, blaOXA-184, and aph(3')-IIIa, which confer resistance to fluoroquinolones, tetracycline, beta-lactamases, and aminoglycosides, respectively.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Campylobacter isolates, including gyrA, tet(O), blaOXA-61, blaOXA-184, and aph(3')-IIIa, which confer resistance to fluoroquinolones, tetracycline, beta-lactamases, and aminoglycosides, respectively.

The study identifies the ST42 lineage of Staphylococcus haemolyticus as a multidrug-resistant and pathogenic clone with a high burden of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and virulence determinants.

The study identified ermA, ermB, and mefE genes associated with macrolide resistance in Streptococcus agalactiae isolates from nonpregnant adults, along with tetM for tetracycline resistance and aph(3')-IIIa and ant(6)-Ia for streptomycin resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes in Acinetobacter spp. isolated from pet reptiles, including tetracycline, sulfonamide, and aminoglycoside resistance genes, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains in these animals.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cattle, farm workers, and their environment, highlighting the potential for transmission between hosts and the need for monitoring AMR in One Health contexts.

This review highlights the presence of various antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in bioaerosols, emphasizing their role in the spread of antibiotic resistance through horizontal gene transfer. Key ARGs identified include those conferring resistance to beta-lactams, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, quinolones, and macrolides.

The study identified various AMR genes in Staphylococcus isolates from orthopedic implant-associated infections, including mecA, blaZ, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, and erythromycin resistance genes, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance among these isolates.

The study identifies various antimicrobial resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus and other Gram-positive bacteria causing neonatal sepsis, including mecA, tet(K), tet(M), tet(L), aadD, aph(3)-III, ermA, ermC, msrA, mphC, and IS256. These genes confer resistance to multiple antibiotics, highlighting the complexity of antimicrobial resistance in low-resource settings.

The study identified several AMR genes in Enterococcus hirae isolates from beef cattle feedlots, including tetracycline resistance genes (tet(L), tet(M), tet(O), tet(S/M), tet(O/32/O)), macrolide resistance gene erm(B), and aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(6')-Iid, ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-III, sat4).

The study identified 18 AMR genes in Limosilactobacillus species, primarily in L. reuteri from animal sources, including tetracycline, aminoglycoside, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin, and lincomycin resistance genes.

The paper discusses the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, focusing on beta-lactam, glycopeptide, oxazolidinone, MLS-B, aminoglycoside, and other resistance mechanisms. Key genes identified include blaZ, mecA, mecC, vanA, cfr, ermA, ermC, aac(6')-Ib, aph(3')-IIIa, and aadD. Mutations in pbp2 and pbp2a were also found to contribute to resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolates from goats and their farm environments in Saudi Arabia, including mecA, blaZ, norA, lmrS, mepA, mepR, arlR, arlS, tet(38), mecR1, dfrC, fusC, fosB, fexA, tetM, msrA, mphC, fusB, APH(3′)-IIIa, tetK, and dfrG. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as penicillins, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, macrolides, phenicols, diaminopyrimidines, oxazolidinones, tetracyclines, and fosfomycin.

The study identifies various AMR genes such as mecA, blaZ, tet(M), erm(B), aac(6')-aph(2"), aadD, ant(6)-Ia, and sat4 in Staphylococcus aureus and S. pseudintermedius isolates from healthy dogs and cats, indicating widespread antibiotic resistance.

The study identifies various AMR genes in Enterococcus faecium, including vanA, vanB, ermB, ermT, ermA, aad(6), aph(3')-IIIa, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2')-Ia, sat-4, tetM, tet(W/N/W), dfrG, dfrF, lnuB, optrA, and lsaE, which are associated with different habitats and geographic locations.

The study identifies several AMR genes, including ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-III, blaZ, mecA, ermC, and tetK, which contribute to resistance against aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, macrolides, and tetracyclines in VISA DAP-R CA-MRSA. Additionally, a mutation in mprF (Thr345Ala) is linked to daptomycin and glycopeptide resistance.

The study identified tetracycline resistance genes tetK, tetL, and tetM, as well as aminoglycoside resistance genes aacC2, aacC4, and aph(3'')-IIIa, and the vancomycin resistance gene vanB in Enterococcus faecalis isolates from bovine clinical mastitis in Bangladesh.

The study identified 18 AMR genes in non-serotype 2 Streptococcus suis isolates from healthy pigs, including genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, macrolides, lincosamides, tetracyclines, oxazolidinones, nucleosides, and phenicols.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in S. aureus strains isolated from ready-to-eat foods in Algeria, including blaZ, ermB, lmrS, tet(L), tet(38), aph(3')-IIIa, ant(6)-I, mecA, and a gyrA mutation (S84L) conferring resistance to various antibiotics.

The study characterizes various AMR genes and mutations in Streptococcus suis, highlighting resistance to beta-lactams, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, amphenicols, pleuromutilins, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, and fluoroquinolones.

The study identified 17 antibiotic resistance genes in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates from healthy dogs, including blaZ, mecA, ermB, tetM, aac(6')-aph(2''), ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, spw, str, and dfrG. It also found mutations in gyrA and parC genes associated with fluoroquinolone resistance, and mutations in rpoB and clpP linked to vancomycin resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in Arcobacter spp., including beta-lactamase genes (blaOXA464, blaOXA491), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(L), tet(H), tet(M)), a macrolide resistance gene (ere(A)), and aminoglycoside resistance genes (APH(3')-IIIa, ant(6)-Ia, SAT-4). Additionally, a mutation in the gyrA gene (C254T) was found to confer fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified tetracycline resistance gene tet(O), aminoglycoside resistance genes ant(6)-Ia and aph(3')-III, and chloramphenicol resistance gene cat in Campylobacter jejuni isolates from Toyama, Japan. Additionally, blaOXA-184 was found in ampicillin-resistant isolates.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Arcobacter butzleri isolates from poultry in Ghana, including blaOXA-464, tetM, ermB, and others, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains and the potential for horizontal and vertical transmission of resistance genes.

The study identified several acquired and intrinsic antimicrobial resistance genes in lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria, including tetW, ANT(6)-Ia, aac(6')-Ie-APH(2'')-Ia, erm(B), erm(49), cat, dfrG, arr-4, and fosXCC. Additionally, mutations in S12, rsmG, Lsa(A), MsrC, and PBP5 were associated with resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in pig manure samples from different regions of Shanxi, China, highlighting the prevalence of tetracycline, aminoglycoside, macrolide, and phenicol resistance genes. Key ARGs included tet(W), tet(40), tet(Q), erm(B), erm(F), mef(A), aph(3')-III, ant(6)-Ia, cfr(C), floR, blaACI-1, optrA, cat, cfxA4, cfxA5, blaCTX-M-105, blaCTX-M-65, fexB, erm(T), mdf(A), and ole(B).

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Campylobacter fetus, including ant(6)-Ib, aph(3')-III, tet(O), tet(44), and cat, which confer resistance to various antibiotics. Mutations in the gyrA gene were also found to contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified a vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strain (SJ2) harboring the vanA gene on a rep2 plasmid. The strain exhibited resistance to multiple antibiotics, including vancomycin, and contained several other antimicrobial resistance genes.

The study identified multiple beta-lactam resistance genes (blaOXA variants), tetracycline resistance gene tet(O), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadE, aph(3')-IIIa, sat4), and a fluoroquinolone resistance mutation (gyrA T86I) in Campylobacter jejuni isolates from German turkey flocks.

The study identified a variety of antimicrobial resistance genes in the nasopharynx of COVID-19 patients, including beta-lactamases, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, and others. These genes were found to be prevalent in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, highlighting the importance of monitoring antimicrobial resistance in the context of the pandemic.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolated from retail poultry meat in Edo, Nigeria, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant MRSA and the presence of virulence factors that pose a public health concern.

The study identifies the chromosomal integration of the vanA locus in vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) isolates, highlighting the role of plasmid pWC79 in multidrug resistance and the genetic mechanisms behind the emergence of VRSA.

The study identifies pELF1-like plasmids in Enterococcus faecium that carry multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including vancomycin resistance determinants, aminoglycoside resistance genes, macrolide resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, and oxazolidinone resistance genes. These plasmids are associated with multidrug-resistant clades and demonstrate high stability and self-transmissibility.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in the multidrug-resistant S. aureus isolate SauR3, including blaZ, mecA, norA, norC, sdrM, ermC, lmrS, msrA, mphC, aph(3′)-IIIa, aadE, aac(6′)Ie-aph(2″)Ia, fosB, and SAT-4, contributing to resistance against various antibiotics.

The study identified tetracycline resistance gene tet(O), macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistance gene erm(B), and aminoglycoside resistance genes ant(6)-Ia and aph(3')-III in two Streptococcus suis serotype 1 strains.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in Campylobacter isolates from dairy manure, including blaOXA-193, aadE-Cc, gyrA_T86I, tetO, aph3'-IIIa, rpsL_K88R, and 50S_L22_A103V, indicating multidrug resistance in these isolates.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in Campylobacter isolates from dairy manure, including blaOXA-193, aadE-Cc, gyrA_T86I, tetO, aph3'-IIIa, rpsL_K88R, and 50S_L22_A103V, indicating multidrug resistance in these isolates.

The study identifies aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes aac(6')-Ib, aph(3')-IIIa, and ant(4')-la as responsible for gentamicin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. Palmitoleic acid enhances gentamicin efficacy against resistant strains by increasing uptake.

The study identifies vancomycin intermediate-resistant Staphylococcus haemolyticus SH-1 carrying multiple drug resistance genes and novel mutations in WalK gene associated with vancomycin resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in multidrug-resistant S. aureus strains, including blaZ, mecA, mecC, norA, norC, MgrA, tet(45), APH(3′)-IIIa, ermC, AAC(6′)-APH(2″), and fusC. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, and fusidic acid.

This scoping review identifies various antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in bacteria isolated from peridomestic Rattus species, including beta-lactamases (bla TEM, bla CTX-M, bla SHV, bla VIM, bla IMP, bla NDM-1), aminoglycoside resistance genes (strA, strB, aadA, aphA), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tet34), trimethoprim resistance genes (dfrA1, dfrA17, dfr14), quinolone resistance genes (qnrB1), and others.

The study found that conventionally raised pigs had a significantly higher abundance of antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) compared to pasture-raised pigs, particularly for aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, macrolides-lincosamides-streptogramin B, and tetracyclines. Several ARGs, including aph(3')-IIIa, erm(B), erm(X), tet(Q), tet(36), tet(W/N/W), blaOXA-193, and cfxA2, were identified as being more prevalent in the gut microbiome of conventionally raised pigs.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from raw shrimp in China, including mecA, mecR1, blaZ, aph(3')-IIIa, aad(6), ANT(4')-Ib, tet(K), mph(C), lnu(A), ermB, ermC, dfrC, dfrG, fosB, SAT-4, rpoB, msr(A), mepA, mepR, norA, mgrA, tet(38), sav1866, arlR, and arlS, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, trimethoprim, fosfomycin, and others.

The study identifies various antibiotic resistance genes including bla(OXA-193), bla(OXA-460), tet(O), and aph(3')-III in Campylobacter jejuni strains, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance and the significance of specific lineages in Michigan.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Campylobacter isolates from Italian poultry, highlighting the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains and the prevalence of specific resistance mechanisms such as the T86I mutation in gyrA and the tet(O) gene.

The study identified a multidrug-resistant E. faecalis isolate (ESC1) carrying a novel composite transposon with two aac(6')-aph(2") genes, along with several other resistance genes on plasmids, contributing to resistance against multiple antibiotics.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in MRSA isolates from Benin, including mecA, aac(6')-Ie/aph(2")-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, blaI, blaR1, blaZ, mecI, mecR1, fosB, erm(C), mph(C), msr(A), qacC, dfrG, and dfrS1, along with mutations in glpT, murA, gyrA, and parC associated with resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in C. difficile isolates from environmental sources, including gyrA, gyrB, blaCDD-1, blaCDD-2, tet(M), tet(40), aph(3')-IIIa, ant(6)-la, sat-4, and ermB, which confer resistance to fluoroquinolones, beta-lactams, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, and MLS B antibiotics.

The study identifies several antimicrobial resistance genes in Enterococcus species isolated from livestock in South Africa, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains and emphasizing the need for genomic surveillance to monitor the spread of antimicrobial resistance in food chain animals.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in Staphylococcus species isolated from diabetic foot ulcers and healthy skin, highlighting the prevalence of resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines, fusidic acid, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fosfomycin, kanamycin, neomycin, and quaternary ammonium compounds.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in Staphylococcus species isolated from diabetic foot ulcers and healthy skin, highlighting the prevalence of resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines, fusidic acid, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, fosfomycin, kanamycin, neomycin, and quaternary ammonium compounds.

The study identified 21 resistance determinants in MRSP and MSSP strains of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, including genes such as blaZ, sdrM, norA, fosB, ykkcd, sepA, aac(6')-aph(2''), dfrG, aph(3')-III, ant(6)-Ia, sat4, erm(B), aad(6), tet(M), cat(pC221), qacG, tet(K), and qacJ, which confer resistance to various antimicrobials.

The study evaluated the performance of tools for identifying mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in metagenomic data. It found that metagenomic assembly is the main bottleneck in accurately identifying MGEs and ARGs, with moderate precision and sensitivity for plasmids, phages, IS elements, and ARGs.

The study identified various AMR genes in Staphylococcaceae strains isolated from dogs in a Kenyan animal shelter, including tetracycline, beta-lactam, and aminoglycoside resistance genes.

The study found that Neolamarckia cadamba leaves extract (NCLE) reduced the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in cecal contents of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced broilers by maintaining microbial balance.