The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations in the multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain MDR-ZJ06, including bla oxa-23, armA, and various efflux pumps, contributing to resistance against multiple antibiotics.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates, including beta-lactamases (bla TEM-1, bla OXA-1, bla CTX-M-15), aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (aac(6')-Ib-cr, aadA1a, aadA4, aadA5, aph(6')-Id, aph(3')-Ia), and quinolone resistance mutations (gyrA S83L/D87N, parC S80I/E84V). These genes and mutations were validated through whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic testing.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from military treatment facilities, including bla OXA-51-like, bla OXA-23, bla GES-11, aac(6')-Ib, aacC1, aadB, aphA6, and others, highlighting the complex resistome of these isolates.

The study characterizes APH(6)-Id, a streptomycin-inactivating enzyme that confers resistance to streptomycin when expressed in E. coli.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in the NDM-1-encoding Klebsiella pneumoniae strain, including eight beta-lactamase genes and various other resistance determinants, highlighting the complexity of its resistance profile.

The study identified a diverse array of antibiotic resistance genes in a polluted lake in India, including sul2, qnrD, aph(6)-Id, aph(3′)-Ib, CMY2, qnrS, ant(3′)-Ia, dfrB1/dfrB5/dfrB6/dfrB8, GES, ere(A)/ere(C), qnrC, mph(E), dfrA1/dfrA15/dfrA25/dfrA30, erm(F), ant(2′)-Ia, cmlA, and tet(39). These genes conferred resistance to various classes of antibiotics, highlighting the significant presence of resistance mechanisms in the polluted environment.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Aeromonas sp. ARM81, including three aminoglycoside resistance genes (aph(3'-VIb), aph(3''-Ib), and aph(6)-Id), a tetracycline efflux gene (tetA(E)), and two β-lactamase genes (blaPER-1 and blaMOX-12).

The study identified the presence of the aph(3')-Ic, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6)-Id, and aac(3)-XI genes in Corynebacterium striatum clinical isolates, which confer resistance to various aminoglycosides. These genes were detected through PCR and sequencing, and their association with resistance was confirmed by MIC testing.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations in Corynebacterium striatum, including bla, erm(X), erm(B), aph(3')-Ic, aac(3)-XI, aph(3'')-Ib, and aph(6)-Id, along with gyrA mutations contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes, including sul2, aph(6)-Id, and aph(3"-Ib, through lateral gene transfer in Akkermansia muciniphila GP36, which conferred resistance to sulfonamides and aminoglycosides.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli isolates, including blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-9, aac(3)-II, aac(6')-Ib, aadA1, dfrA1, sul1, sul2, mphA, and mrxA, which contribute to resistance against various antibiotics such as third-generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, sulfonamides, and macrolides.

The study identified a novel O89 O-antigen locus in E. coli strain 26561, which is associated with group 1 capsule (G1C) and multidrug resistance. The strain exhibits a mucoid and viscous phenotype, and possesses multiple AMR genes including blaCTX-M-14, blaTEM-1, aph(3")-Ib, strA, aph(6)-Id, strB, aph(3′)-Ia, sul2, tetA(B), and catA1. Mutations in gyrA (S83L, D87N) and parC (S80I) contribute to quinolone resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from different geographic locations, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside resistance genes, fosfomycin resistance, chloramphenicol resistance, sulfonamide resistance, quaternary ammonium compound resistance, tetracycline resistance, and others. Indian eye isolates exhibited a higher diversity of resistance genes compared to Australian isolates.

The study reports the draft genome sequence of a tigecycline-resistant Enterobacter cloacae ST93 clinical isolate, TREC1, which harbors multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including those encoding resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, fosfomycin, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, phenicols, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, and tetracyclines. The isolate is resistant to all antibiotics tested except colistin.

The study characterized the resistomes of six carbapenem-resistant pathogens, identifying various carbapenemase genes such as bla KPC-2, bla OXA-48, bla OXA-72, bla NDM-1, bla NDM-7, and bla VIM-1, along with other resistance genes like aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6)-Id, tet(B), erm(B), mph(A), sul1, sul2, dfrA17, dfrA14, bla CTX-M-15, bla CMY-6, bla OXA-1, bla SHV-200, bla OXA-10, and bla NDM-7.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes associated with multi-drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella Typhi in sub-Saharan Africa, including genes encoding resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines. It also notes mutations in the gyrA gene associated with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.

The study identified multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the Choqueyapu River, including E. coli and Enterobacter cloacae carrying bla CTX-M, bla KPC, bla NDM, bla VIM, and bla OXA-48 genes, highlighting the environmental spread of antibiotic resistance.

The study characterized multiple AMR genes in ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates, including bla TEM-1B, bla CTX-M-15, bla SHV-1, bla OXA-1, aad AI6, aac (6′)Ib-cr, aph (6)Id, aph (3′)-Ib, oqx A, oqx B, fos A, ARR-3, sul 1, sul 2, dfr A14, dfr A27, cat A1, and cat B4.

The study identified several AMR genes in nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica isolates from chicken meat and human sources in Sri Lanka, including blaCTX-M-15, fosA7, aph(6)-Id, tet(A), blaTEM-1B, qnrS1, sul3, and dfrA14.

The study reports a ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella Typhi isolate carrying multiple resistance genes, including blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1B, qnrS1, sul1, sul2, dfrA7, aph[3]-1b, aph[6]-1d, aac[6]-1aa, and catA1. Additionally, a fluoroquinolone resistance mutation (gyrA S83F) was identified.

The study identifies multiple multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Goldcoast strains in Taiwan, highlighting the emergence of an ST358 clone carrying various resistance genes, including blaCTX-M-55, mcr-1, and others, contributing to the rapid increase in infections.

The study identifies CMY-2 beta-lactamase as a primary driver of beta-lactam resistance and APH(6)-Id and APH(3"-Ib as key contributors to streptomycin and tetracycline resistance in agricultural Nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica serovars.

The study identified multiple metallo-beta-lactamase genes, including blaNDM-1, blaIMP-26, blaIMP-4, blaIMP-1, blaVIM-4, and blaKPC-2, as major contributors to carbapenem resistance in Enterobacter cloacae isolates from three hospitals in China.

The study identified 19 drug resistance genes in 10 multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains, with efflux pump genes being the most prevalent. Key genes included aacA4, which had a 19-bp deletion associated with aminoglycoside resistance, and other genes like TEM-1, OXA-23, and ANT(3'')-IIa.

The study identified blaNDM genes as the primary cause of carbapenem resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from humans, pigs, chickens, and flies in rural China, highlighting the transmission of these resistance genes between humans and backyard animals.

The study identified 50 unique antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in food waste, compost, and farm products, with a focus on aminoglycoside, tetracycline, and macrolide resistance. Key ARGs included aph(6)-1d, lmrD, mefA, mel, abeM, abeS, adeF, adeG, adeI, adeJ, adeK, emrD, sul2, tetH, tetM, tetO, tetW, and tetX, which were found in various samples and showed resistance to multiple drug classes.

The study reports the detection of an NDM-5 producing E. coli in Malawi, highlighting the emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the region.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, including beta-lactamases (blaSHV-11, blaTEM-1B, blaVEB-1, blaOXA-10, blaKPC-2, blaOXA-9, blaVIM-27, blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, blaOXA-48), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA1, ant(2'')-Ia, aph(6)-Id, arr-2, aadA24, aph(3')-Ia, aph(6)-Id, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')Ib-cr, aac(6')-Ib, aac(6')-Ib-cr), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(G)), trimethoprim resistance genes (dfrA1, dfrA14, dfrA23), chloramphenicol resistance genes (cmlA1, catB4), and others.

The study identified several AMR genes in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from LTCF residents, including bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-14, bla TEM-1B, bla IMP-1, and others, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as β-lactams, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones.

The study identified multiple drug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from a pediatric cancer hospital in Egypt, highlighting the prevalence of various antimicrobial resistance genes such as TEM-220, NDM-11, aph(6)-Id, sul2, and others, indicating a significant threat to immunocompromised patients.

The study identifies the mcr-1 gene as a key factor in colistin resistance in E. coli strains isolated from polluted rivers and wild birds. It also characterizes several other AMR genes including aadA1, aadA2, aph(3′)-Ia, aph(3″)-Ib, aph(4)-Ia, aph(6)-Id, tet(B), tet(D), tet(A), bla CTX–M–14, bla TEM–1, qnrS2, oqxA, oqxB, cmlA1, floR, vgaC, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA12, and glpT (E448K).

The study identified various AMR genes in CTX-M-producing E. coli isolates from peri-urban wild animals in Brazil, including bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-2, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-14, and others, indicating the presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in wildlife.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella Typhi isolates, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-1B, blaTEM-116), chloramphenicol resistance gene (catA1), trimethoprim resistance genes (dfrA7, dfrA15), sulfamethoxazole resistance genes (sul1, sul2), and fluoroquinolone resistance mutations in gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE genes.

The study identified CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli strains isolated from blue mussels in Norway, highlighting the potential for mobility of these resistance genes.

The study identifies various carbapenemase genes such as blaNDM-1, blaNDM-7, blaCTX-M-15, and blaOXA-181, along with other AMR genes like rmtC, sul1, aac(6')-Ib-cr, mph(A), qnrB1, and others, which contribute to resistance against multiple antibiotics in Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Philippines.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in MDR E. coli strains from captive wild animals, highlighting the presence of CTX-M-8 and CTX-M-65 beta-lactamases, along with various other resistance mechanisms such as aminoglycoside, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolone resistance genes, as well as mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in E. coli isolates from diseased chickens in the Czech Republic, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains with resistance to β-lactams, quinolones, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines.

The study identifies a multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing E. coli ST58 strain (PMPU) isolated from a critically endangered Brazilian merganser, carrying genes conferring resistance to various antibiotics, heavy metals, and disinfectants, along with fluoroquinolone resistance mutations.

AB030 exhibits resistance to multiple antibiotics, including carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and tigecycline. Key resistance genes include blaOXA-65, blaOXA-23, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ian, APH(3"-Ib, and APH(6)-Id. Mutations in gyrA, parC, and rpsJ contribute to fluoroquinolone and tigecycline resistance.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in retail raw milk, including bla CMY-2, aph (3')-Ib, aph (6)-Id, bla TEM-1B, mdf(A), catA2, sul2, tet(B), and dfrA14, which confer resistance to various antibiotics. These genes were found in E. coli and other bacteria, and some were transferable between species.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Pseudomonas spp. isolated from raw milk, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains and the presence of resistance determinants such as beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, and efflux pumps.

The study identifies a cluster of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 101 isolated from food and humans, highlighting the potential role of food as a source of multidrug-resistant bacteria transmission to humans.

The study identified 60 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs), 4 disinfectant resistance genes (DRGs), and 33 heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs) in 450 Salmonella strains isolated from diseased animals. These genes contributed to resistance against multiple antimicrobial classes, including aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and phenicols.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in phage-susceptible Acinetobacter baumannii strains, including sulfonamide, tetracycline, beta-lactam, aminoglycoside, macrolide, and phenicol resistance genes. These findings highlight the complex resistance profiles of these strains and their potential implications for therapeutic strategies.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from a Red Kangaroo, including beta-lactamases (bla DHA–3, bla SHV–1, bla CTX–M–14, bla TEM–191, bla TEM–1, bla CTX–M–3), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aph(3″)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, aadA16, arr-3), quinolone resistance genes (qnrS1, qnrB2), macrolide resistance gene (mphA), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul3, sul1), dihydrofolate reductase (dfrA3, dfrA27), chloramphenicol resistance gene (floR), tetracycline resistance genes (tetG, tetR), and multidrug efflux pump (qacEΔ1).

The study identified several AMR genes in Salmonella isolates from pigs in Kenya and Malawi, including dfrA14, sul2, aph(3''-1b), aph(6)-1d, blaTEM-1B, fosA7, tet(A), and tet(J). A single isolate with a gyrA(D87Y) mutation showed resistance to pefloxacin.

The study identifies several AMR genes in Corynebacterium diphtheriae, including pbp2m associated with penicillin resistance, ermX for macrolide resistance, and various genes for tetracycline, aminoglycoside, and sulfonamide resistance.

Four tet(X) variants (tet(X3), tet(X4), tet(X5.2), and tet(X5.3)) were identified in Acinetobacter species, showing high-level resistance to tigecycline, tetracycline, eravacycline, and omadacycline. These genes were found in multiple Acinetobacter species and were associated with IS CR2 elements, facilitating their spread.

The study identifies the blaCTX-M-15 gene as a major contributor to cephalosporin resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from Malawi, along with other AMR genes such as aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IId, aadA5, ant(3'')-Ih, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(3')-Ia, aph(6)-Id, strA, strB, acrF, emrD, mdtM, blaTEM-1, catA1, catB3, dfrA17, sul2, mph(A), and tet(A).

The study identified 25 antibiotic resistance genes in 80 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, primarily encoding efflux pumps and inactivating enzymes. Notably, blaSHV, emrB, emrR, marA, marR, msbA, ompK37, oqxA, oqxB, acrA, vgaC, fosA, tet(D), APH(3")-Ib, APH(6)-Id, aadA, qnrS2, rpoB2, mexF, and oprN were found to confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified various AMR genes in E. coli isolates from bloodstream infections, including genes conferring resistance to beta-lactams, macrolides, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim. Additionally, mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA, parC, and parE were associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) isolates from Egyptian children with diarrhea, including bla CTX-M-14b, bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1B, aadA1, aph (3')-Ib, aph (3')-Ia, aph (6)-Id, dfrA1, mdfA, sul2, and tetA, which contribute to multidrug resistance.

The study reports the emergence of the mcr-9.1 gene in a colistin-resistant Enterobacter kobei strain isolated from a critically endangered franciscana dolphin in Brazil, along with various other AMR genes.

The study identified several β-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-5, bla OXA-1, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-3, and bla TEM-1, which contribute to extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) production in multidrug-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica isolates. Additionally, a mutation in the gyrA gene (D87N) was linked to quinolone resistance.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in bacterial isolates from chronic non-healing wounds, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, macrolide resistance genes, and others. These genes were found in various bacterial species such as E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and others.

The study characterizes various AMR genes in plasmids from meat-derived E. coli isolates, highlighting the diversity and clustering of resistance genes such as bla CTX-M-1, aadA5, sul2, and others, along with their association with specific plasmid incompatibility groups.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella isolates from Nigerian poultry, including aac(6')-Ia, aac(6')-Ib, aadA7, aph(3")-Ia, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6')-Id, aph(6')-Ic, aac(3)-Ia, aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IVa, aac(6')-IIa, aac(3)-Id, sul1, sul2, sul3, tet(A), tet(M), qnrS1, qnrB19, blaTEM, dfrA14, dfrA15, dfrA17, catA1, cmlA1, and floR. Mutations in gyrA (Ser83Phe, Asp87Tyr) and parC (Thr57Ser, Ser80Ile) were also associated with resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin.

The study identifies a large multidrug-resistant plasmid in Acinetobacter baumannii AC1633 and Acinetobacter nosocomialis AC1530 carrying the NDM-1 and OXA-58 carbapenemases, along with other resistance genes such as aac(3)-IId, aph(6)-Id, aph(3")-Ib, sul2, msrE, mphE, and tetA(39).

The study reports the first carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella michiganensis isolate from South African hospital effluent, harboring multiple resistance genes including blaOXA-181, blaOXY-5-1, qnrB6, qnrS1, aadA16, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(6)-Id, arr-3, sul1, sul2, dfrA14, and dfrA27.

The study identified several beta-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-65, bla SHV-12, bla SHV-28, bla SHV-81, bla TEM-1B, bla TEM-52C, bla CARB-2, bla OXA-1, bla DHA-1, and bla CMY-2, along with other AMR genes such as aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA1, aadA2, aph(4)-Ia, oqxA, oqxB, qnrB1, qnrS1, floR, sul2, sul1, tet(A), dfrA14, dfrA1, dfrA17, dfrA8, dfrA12, dfrA16, dfrA15, catB3, cmlA1, arr-2, and qnrB19, which confer resistance to various antibiotics in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from food products.

The study identified various carbapenemase genes (blaNDM-1, blaNDM-5, blaVIM-1, blaVIM-6, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-58, blaOXA-66, blaOXA-69, blaOXA-91, blaOXA-181, blaOXA-50) and other resistance genes (such as armA, rmtC, rmtF, aac(3)-I, aadA1, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-VI, aph(3')-Via, aph(6')-Id, mphE, msrE, mphA, ereA, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17, dfrA20, sul1, sul2, tetB, tetD, tetG, tet39, qnrVC1, qnrS1, qnrB4, floR, catA1, catA2, catB3, catB7, cmlA1, cmlA5, arr-3, arr-2, sat2, acrF, mdtM, emrD, mexA, mexE, mexX, kdeA, oxa-10, oxa-395, oxa-396, oxa-846, adc-25, dha-1, act-16, cmY, ctx-m-15, shv-67, tem-1b) in carbapenem non-susceptible clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria in Kenya, highlighting the diversity and prevalence of multidrug resistance.

The study identified NDM-1, TEM-1B, and SHV-12 carbapenemase genes along with various other AMR genes in Leclercia adecarboxylata isolates causing an outbreak linked to contaminated TPN.

The study identified multiple clades of IMP-producing Enterobacter cloacae complex sequence type 78 (ST78) strains causing an institutional outbreak. These strains carried blaIMP-1 and blaIMP-11 genes on IncHI2 and IncL/M plasmids, along with various other resistance genes such as aac(6')-IIc, qnrB6, fosA, sul1, and tet(B).

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from chronic wounds in Ghana, including beta-lactamases, fosfomycin resistance genes, chloramphenicol resistance genes, aminoglycoside resistance genes, fluoroquinolone resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, sulfonamide resistance genes, trimethoprim resistance genes, and efflux pumps. Mutations in gyrA, parE, and parC were also found to contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

This study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Pasteurella multocida, including aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, tetracycline, macrolide, and sulfonamide resistance genes, highlighting the diverse resistance mechanisms present in this pathogen.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from retail meat in Beijing, including beta-lactamases (blaCTX-M-55, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-65), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(6')-Iaa, aph(6)-Id, aph(3")-Ib), sulfonamide resistance gene (sul2), beta-lactamase (blaTEM-1B), quinolone resistance genes (qnrS1), and colistin resistance genes (mcr-1.1, mcr-9).

The study identified armA and multiple aminoglycoside resistance genes (AMEs) on a conjugative IncHI5 plasmid in a high-level aminoglycoside-resistant Klebsiella variicola isolate. The plasmid p2757-346 carried two copies of armA along with six AME genes, highlighting the potential for dissemination of these resistance determinants.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in E. coli from free-living birds, highlighting the zoonotic potential of these resistant strains. Key findings include bla CTX-M-15, bla CMY-2, bla SHV-12, bla TEM-1B, qnrS1, qnrB19, mcr-1, fosA7, aac(3)-IIa, ant(3")-Ia, aph(3")-Ib, and aph(6)-Id, as well as mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE.

The study found that anaerobic digestion of dairy manure significantly reduced the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes, including various ESBL genes such as bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-55, and bla PER-1, as well as other resistance genes like aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, bla OXA-1, catB4, dfrA1, floR, lnu(G), sul2, aadA2, mph(E), msr(E), tet(C), tet(E), and tet(X).

The study identified various beta-lactam-resistant Escherichia coli strains from Australian fruit bats, highlighting the presence of multiple AMR genes such as bla TEM-1A, bla TEM-1B, bla CTX-M-27, bla NDM-5, and others, indicating anthropogenic origins of these resistant strains.

Six unique resistance plasmids were identified that can transfer to Salmonella typhimurium, Klebsiella aerogenes, and E. coli, carrying 3-6 antibiotic resistance genes conferring resistance to 2-4 antibiotic classes.

The study identifies several AMR genes including bla OXA-23, bla OXA-24, bla OXA-51, and various aminoglycoside, sulfonamide, tetracycline, and macrolide resistance genes in XDR A. baumannii isolates from Romania.

The study identifies various beta-lactamase genes (blaOXA-258, blaOXA-114, blaOXA-243, blaOXA-455, blaOXA-457, blaOXA-458, blaOXA-459) and the catB10 gene conferring chloramphenicol resistance in Achromobacter spp. Additionally, the axyZ gene is highlighted as a key factor in multidrug resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in Escherichia coli isolates from different animal sources in Europe, including blaTEM-1B, qnrB19, qnrS1, sul1, sul2, sul3, tet(A), aadA1, and aph(6)-Id. These genes were associated with resistance to beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides.

The study identifies the presence of bla CTX-M-27, erm(B), mph(A), aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, sul2, and tet(A) in Shigella isolates associated with MSM transmission in the UK, highlighting the role of plasmids in the spread of antimicrobial resistance.

The study analyzed 70,301 E. coli genomes and identified 1,027,651 antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs). It found that certain ARGs were distributed according to the phylogenetic background of the strains, showing phenotypic adaptive convergence. The study also identified four instances of potential horizontal gene transfer of ARGs from non-Proteobacteria to E. coli.

The study identifies bla(VIM-2) and bla(KPC-2) genes in multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Colombia, highlighting their diverse genetic environments and mechanisms of resistance.

The study characterized multidrug-resistant Salmonella Dublin isolates from cattle in the United States, identifying key AMR genes such as sul2, tetA, aph(6)-Id, aph(3''-Ib, floR, and blaCMY-2, along with quinolone resistance mutations in gyrA.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in the multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae strain KPE16, including bla NDM-1, bla CTX-M-15, and various aminoglycoside, sulfonamide, and tetracycline resistance genes. Additionally, chromosomal mutations in ompK36, ompK37, and acrR contribute to resistance.

The study identified 17 unique AMR genes in 53% of the 81 S. enterica isolates, including genes encoding resistance to tetracycline, beta-lactam, sulfonamide, quinolone, aminoglycoside, phenicol, and trimethoprim.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from Dhaka, Bangladesh, including bla CTX-M-15, bla NDM-5, mcr-1, and various aminoglycoside resistance genes. Mutations in gyrA and parC were also associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified multiple multidrug resistance genes, including blaTEM-1B, strA, strB, sul2, and tetB, in Salmonella enterica serovar 4,5,12:i:- isolates from Thailand, which contribute to resistance against ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in E. coli and Salmonella spp., including aadA1, aph(3"-Ib, aph(6)-Id, blaTEM-1, sul2, tet(A), and tet(B) in E. coli, and arsA, arsB, arsC, iroB, and iroC in Salmonella spp. Additionally, virulence genes such as epeA, stxA2d, stxB2c, subA, and subB were found to be unique to outbreak E. coli.

The study analyzed 22,102 Salmonella genomes from public databases to track antimicrobial resistance (AMR) trends in food animals in the United States. It found that the prevalence of multidrug resistance (MDR) decreased in bovines and swine but increased in poultry. Key AMR genes identified include bla CMY-2, bla CTX-M-65, floR, tetA, sul2, aadA2, aac(3)-VIa, qnrB19, qnrB2, bla SHV-12, bla TEM-1, bla CARB-2, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aph(3')-Ia, ant(3")-Ia, aph(4)-Ia, and aac(3)-IVa. A significant mutation, gyrA D87Y, was associated with quinolone resistance in poultry.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including bla NDM-5, bla OXA-10, and bla TEM-1B, in NDM-5-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from an urban river in China. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as carbapenems, cephalosporins, quinolones, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in invasive Salmonella serovars in The Gambia, including blaTEM-1B, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, catA1, dfrA7, sul1, sul2, tet(B), and fosA7. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, penicillin, gentamicin, kanamycin, tobramycin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolones.

The study identified various CTX-M-type beta-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-32, bla CTX-M-55, and bla CTX-M-65, as well as other beta-lactamase genes such as bla TEM-1, bla CARB-2, and bla CMY-2 in ESBL E. coli isolates from sheep and their abattoir environment. Additional AMR genes related to aminoglycosides, macrolides, phenicols, quinolones, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and trimethoprim were also detected.

The study identifies various AMR genes and mutations associated with colistin resistance in clinical Acinetobacter baumannii strains, highlighting the genomic diversity and mosaicism in resistance mechanisms.

The study identified multidrug-resistant Pasteurella multocida type B:2 strains in fowl cholera cases in Bangladesh, highlighting the presence of various virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance genes.

The study identified various AMR genes in two multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains, ACC001 and ACC002, including aminoglycoside resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, beta-lactamases, and sulfonamide resistance genes. These genes contribute to resistance against multiple antibiotics such as gentamicin, tobramycin, tetracycline, penicillins, cephalosporins, and sulfonamides.

The study reports the first bovine ST361 NDM-5 positive Escherichia coli in Greece, highlighting the importation of multidrug-resistant strains and the need for continued surveillance.

The study characterizes the first recognized outbreak of NDM-1-producing K. pneumoniae in Portugal, highlighting the introduction of a new ST11 KL105 strain carrying blaNDM-1 in a unique genetic context. Several antibiotic resistance genes, including blaNDM-1, blaCTX-M-15, and others, were identified, along with chromosomal mutations conferring reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and fosfomycin.

The study identified various aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs) and efflux pump genes contributing to tobramycin resistance in E. coli, K. pneumoniae, and A. baumannii. These genes include acc(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ib-cr, ant(2")-Ia, aph(6)-Id, aph(3")-Ib, armA, rmtF, acrD, adeA, adeB, adeC, ompA, omp37, csgB, csgD, csgF, csgG, pgaA, pgaB, pgaC, pgaD, csuA, csuB, csuC, csuD, csuE, and bap.

The study identified several beta-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-3, bla SHV-12, and bla TEM-1, which confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Other resistance genes such as aadA5, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6)-Id, mph(A), sul1, sul2, tet(A), and dfrA17, dfrA12, dfrA1, and dfrA14 were also characterized, providing insights into the multidrug resistance profiles of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates in Finland.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in Escherichia fergusonii isolates from food animals, including mcr-1, aph(6)-Id, aph(3')-Ib, and tet(A). These genes contribute to resistance against colistin, aminoglycosides, and tetracycline, highlighting E. fergusonii as a significant reservoir of AMR genes.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in S. algae strains, including genes conferring resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, quinolones, phenicols, macrolides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and lincosamides.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in STEC and EPEC isolates from imported foods in China, including blaTEM-1B, tetA, tetB, catA1, cmlA1, aadA1, aph(4)-Ia, aac(3)-IV, aph(6)-Id, aph(3")-Ib, sul3, dfrA12, and qnrS1, which conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ciprofloxacin.

The study reports the first description of ceftazidime/avibactam resistance in a ST13 KPC-70-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae strain from Portugal. The strain was found to harbor the blaKPC-70 gene, a variant of blaKPC-3 with two amino acid substitutions (D179Y and T263A), which conferred resistance to several β-lactam antibiotics.

The study identifies several beta-lactamase genes, including blaCTX-M-1, blaKPC-2, blaTEM-350, blaOXA-1, and blaCTX-M-15, as well as various aminoglycoside, macrolide, and tetracycline resistance genes in cefotaxime-resistant E. coli isolates from hospital and urban wastewater. Mutations in parC, parE, and gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Delftia tsuruhatensis, including aminoglycoside, sulfonamide, trimethoprim, tetracycline, and phenicol resistance genes, indicating the potential for multidrug resistance in this species.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Salmonella serovar Kentucky ST198 isolates from Spain, including genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, trimethoprim, and colistin.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in the pan-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain VJR422, including genes encoding beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, and efflux pumps, contributing to resistance against various antibiotic classes.

The paper discusses the mechanisms of bacterial resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics, including enzymatic modification, decreased drug accumulation, and modification of drug targets. It highlights the importance of understanding these mechanisms to develop strategies to overcome resistance.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli populations from cattle manure, including genes conferring resistance to tetracycline, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, and glycopeptides. These genes were found to be associated with mobile genetic elements, highlighting the potential for horizontal gene transfer.

The study identifies two new species, Corynebacterium parakroppenstedtii and Corynebacterium pseudokroppenstedtii, and characterizes antibiotic resistance genes including APH(3')-Ia, APH(3'')-Ib, APH(6)-Id, erm(X), sul1, and tet(W) in C. kroppenstedtii-like isolates.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in highly drug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from veal calves, including blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M-15, mph(A), erm(B), aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrS1, aadA5, aadA1, aph(3')-Ic, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6')-Id, sul1, sul2, tet(A), and tet(B). Additionally, mutations in gyrA (S83L, D87N) and parC (A56T) were found to contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from The Gambia, including aac(6')-Iaa_1, aph_3_Ib, aph_6_Id, dfrA14, dfrA7, dfrA8, blaTEM-1B, catA1_1, fosA7_1, mph_A, sul1, sul2, tet_A, and tet_B. These genes confer resistance to aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, fosfomycin, macrolides, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines. The study also found that multidrug resistance (MDR) was primarily associated with Salmonella serovar Enteritidis, especially in the eastern region.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in Salmonella isolates from Senegal, highlighting the prevalence of resistance to fluoroquinolones, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, tetracycline, and erythromycin. Key genes included aac(3)-Id, aadA7, blaTEM-1b, blaDHA-1, blaOXA-10, blaCMY-2, dfrA1, dfrA14, floR, fosA, qnrB19, qnrB7, sul2, tetA, tetB, aph(3')-Ib, aph(3")-Ib, and aph(6)-Id. Mutations in parC and gyrA were also associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates from Kuwait, including beta-lactamases (blaKPC-2, blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, blaCMY-4, blaTEM), aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (aac(3)-IIa, aph(6)-Id, aadA5), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2), quinolone resistance genes (gyrA_D87N, qnrB1), and others. Colistin resistance was linked to the pmrB_R256G mutation.

The study identified multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from surface water in north-western Mexico, including international high-risk lineages ST410 and ST617. These isolates carried various AMR genes such as blaTEM-1B, blaCTX-M-15, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IId, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, floR, cmlA1, lnu(F), mdf(A), sul2, sul3, tet(A), tet(B), dfrA12, and dfrA17. Additionally, mutations in gyrA (S83L, D87N), parC (S80I), and parE (S458A) were found to contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identifies several AMR genes, including blaCTX-M-15, qnrS1, ermB, aadA1, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, dfrA1, catA1, aadA2, dfrA5, dfrA12, qnrS13, aac(6')-Ib-cr5, blaTEM-1, blaOXA-1, sul1, and dfrA17, associated with ESBL-Ec in children, mothers, and drinking water in rural Bangladesh.

The study identified several AMR genes in bla NDM-1 -harboring CREC isolates, including bla NDM-1, aac(3)-IId, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA5, aadA16, aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrB6, ARR-3, dfrA17, dfrA27, sul1, sul2, tet(A), mph(A), bla TEM-1C, bla TEM-57, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, and bla CMY-2. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics, including carbapenems, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, rifampicin, trimethoprim, sulfonamides, tetracycline, and macrolides.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Alcaligenes faecalis strain PGB1, including aph(3'), bla, aph(3'')-Ib, and aph(6)-Id, which confer resistance to aminoglycosides and beta-lactams.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in Klebsiella pneumoniae ST16 isolates, including bla NDM-4, bla OXA-181, and a frameshift mutation in acrR, contributing to carbapenem and fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study characterized qnrB-carrying plasmids from ESBL- and non-ESBL-producing E. coli, identifying qnrB1, qnrB2, and qnrB19 as major quinolone resistance determinants. These plasmids were found to be self-transmissible and associated with various resistance genes.

The study identified the occurrence of fluoroquinolone-resistant ST1193 clone in uncomplicated urinary tract infections (uUTI) caused by Escherichia coli in Spain. Several AMR genes and mutations were characterized, including blaTEM-1B, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, mdf(A), mph(A), sul2, dfrA14, dfrA17, sitABCD, and chromosomal mutations in gyrA (S83L, D87N), parC (S80I), and parE (L416F).

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in a multidrug-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae strain, including beta-lactamases, sulfonamide resistance genes, fosfomycin resistance genes, aminoglycoside resistance genes, and tetracycline resistance genes.

The paper characterizes Escherichia coli ST1193 as an emerging multidrug-resistant clone with various AMR determinants, including beta-lactamases (bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-55, bla OXA-1, bla TEM-1, bla CMY-42, bla CMY-2), aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IId, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aph(3′′)-Ib, aph(6)-Id), and other resistance genes (mcr-1, mph(A), erm(B), dfrA8, dfrA12, dfrA17, sul1, sul2, tetA, tetB).

Four bla NDM-1-positive Providencia strains were identified in a pig farm in China, showing multidrug resistance and carrying additional resistance genes such as bla OXA-10, bla TEM-116, and others.

The study identified several β-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-27, bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-30, and bla SHV-12, along with a variety of other AMR genes such as aadA5, aph(3''-Ib), aph(6)-Id, aac(3)-IIa, sul1, sul2, dfrA17, dfrA14, qnrB1, tet(A), mph(A), qacE∆, and catB3, which confer resistance to various antibiotics in Enterobacterales isolated from hospital effluents and wastewater treatment plants.

The study identifies a multidrug-resistant NDM-1-producing E. coli ST162 strain isolated from a pygmy sperm whale, highlighting the presence of various AMR genes including blaNDM-1, blaTEM-1C, blaOXA-1, and others, as well as mutations in gyrA and parC contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance.

This study identified various AMR genes including blaOXA-23, blaNDM-1, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, armA, mph, msr, cmlA1, ARR-2, sul1, sul2, tet(B), and blaPER-7 in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from India. These genes were found to be associated with resistance islands and mobile genetic elements, contributing to the spread of multidrug resistance.

The study presents CholerAegon, a bioinformatics pipeline for predicting antimicrobial resistance profiles from whole genome sequencing data of Vibrio cholerae. It identifies AMR genes such as dfrA1, sul2, catB9, and floR, and detects mutations like D476N in parE that contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in the extensively drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii AB329, including beta-lactamases (blaOXA-51, blaADC-25, blaOXA-23, blaTEM-1D), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aph(3')-Ia, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, armA), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(B), tet(R)), and macrolide resistance genes (mph(E), msr(E)). Additionally, the aminoglycoside resistance gene aph(3')-VIa was found on the conjugative plasmid pAB329b, which was shown to transfer resistance to sodium azide-resistant A. baumannii.

The study identified several AMR genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from pigs, including blaCTX-M-15, aminoglycoside resistance genes, qnrS1, and mcr-1, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains with potential implications for human health.

The study identifies the multidrug-resistance gene cfr for the first time in Salmonella, highlighting the expansion of the cfr reservoir and potential horizontal spread to other bacteria. It also detects various AMR genes such as floR, sul2, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3”)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aac(6')-Ib-cr, bla CMY−2, bla TEM−1, qnrS1, erm(B), mph(E), msr(E), qepA8, arr-3, sul1, dfrA12, dfrA27, tet(A), tet(D), catB3, aadA16, aac(3)-IV, aph(4)-Ia, aadA2, and fosA7.

The study identified several AMR genes in Yersinia enterocolitica isolates from Ningxia, China, including aph(6)-Id, aph(3")-Ib, sul2, tet(A), tet(Y), and y56, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, streptomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and others. These genes were validated through whole-genome sequencing and resistance gene prediction.

The study identified multiple ESBL-encoding genes, including bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-32, and bla SHV-12, as well as carbapenemase gene bla NDM-1, in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from dairy cattle farms. These genes were associated with resistance to various beta-lactam antibiotics. Additionally, several other AMR genes such as aadA2, ant(3")-Ia, aph(3')-Ia, dfrA12, sul3, cmlA1, and others were identified, contributing to resistance against aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol. Mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE were linked to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identifies a novel sequence type 4523 Klebsiella pneumoniae strain, ST4523, which is resistant to multiple antibiotics, including carbapenems, and carries the bla NDM-5 gene on a plasmid. The strain also possesses various other resistance genes on plasmids pSHX180-1 and pSHX180-NDM5.

The study characterizes antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and mutations in various Salmonella serovars associated with poultry in Brazil, emphasizing the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Key findings include the identification of AMR genes such as blaCTX-M-2, blaTEM-1B, aac(3)-lla, aac(3)-lld, aadA1, aadA2, aph(6)-ld, dfrA1, floR, mrc-1, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, tet(A), tet(B), and others, which confer resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study identified various beta-lactam-resistant Escherichia coli strains in South Australian grey-headed flying fox pups, including resistance genes such as blaTEM-1B, blaTEM-1C, blaTEM-33, blaCMY-2, dfrA17, aadA5, dfrA5, sul2, tet(A), tet(B), and catA1.

The study identified bla CMY-2, bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-15, and bla OXA-1 genes in ESBL- and AmpC-producing E. coli isolates from New Zealand dairy farms, highlighting the presence of plasmid-mediated resistance mechanisms.

The study identified several AMR genes, including carbapenemases (cphA5, cphA7, imiH, ESP-1), colistin resistance gene mcr-7.1, aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA, aph(6)-Id, aph(3')-Ib), sulfonamide/trimethoprim resistance genes (sul1, dfrA15, dfrA14), and multidrug efflux pumps (MexB, OpmH, MexK) in various bacterial isolates from urban water samples.

The study identified several AMR genes in multi-drug resistant E. coli isolates, including bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-65, bla OXA-1, bla OXA-2, bla CMY-2, bla NDM-1, bla NDM-5, aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-IIe, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aad A5, ant(2′′)-Ia, aph(3′′)-Ib, aph(3′′)-VI, aph(6)-Id, ermB, ermD, fosA3, fosA7, mdtM, emrD, sul1, sul2, sul3, tetA, tetB, tetM, dfrA1, dfrA7, dfrA8, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17, dfrA82, dfrB4, qepA, qepA1, qepA2, qepA4, qnrB19, qnrS1, qacE, catA1, catA2, catB3, cmlA1, mphA.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli from feedlot beef cattle, including tet(B), aph(3"-Ib, aph(6)-Id, bla TEM-1B, sul2, bla TEM, bla CTX m, and bla CMY, which confer resistance to tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, and sulfonamides.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes in clinical multidrug-resistant Proteus isolates, including bla CTX-M-65, bla OXA-1, bla KPC-2, bla NDM-1, and others, highlighting the genetic diversity of mobile genetic elements carrying resistance genes.

The study identified several carbapenemase genes, including blaKPC-2, blaNDM-1, blaNDM-5, blaIMP-8, and blaOXA-181, as well as other resistance genes such as blaCTX-M, blaSHV-2, APH(3)-IB, APH(6)-ID, FosA5, tetC, qnrB1, and tetA, contributing to multidrug resistance in CRKP strains isolated from children in Nanjing, China.

The study identifies 63 different AMR genes in 90 S. Typhimurium isolates from Peru, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-181, blaSHV-12, blaSHV-134, blaCTX-M-15), quinolone resistance genes (qnrB5, qnrB19, qnrE2), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetD, tetR), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul3), dihydrofolate reductase (dfrA1, dfrA12), florfenicol resistance gene (floR), lincomycin resistance gene (linG), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aph(3″)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA2), colistin resistance gene (mcr-1), and fosfomycin resistance gene (fosA3).

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from South American camelids in Germany, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains and the importance of monitoring AMR in these animals.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Escherichia coli ST410, including bla OXA-181, bla NDM-5, bla CTX-M-15, and mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE that confer resistance to carbapenems, cephalosporins, penicillins, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, and fluoroquinolones.

The study identifies the bla CTX-M-15 gene as the most prevalent ESBL determinant in ESBL-producing Enterobacter cloacae complex isolates, along with the IncHI2/ST1 plasmid. It also reports the presence of other resistance genes such as mcr-9, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, aph(3″)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, bla OXA-1, bla TEM-1B, qnrB1, fosA, sul2, tet(A), dfrA14, ars, mer, tni, and the ter operon.

Two CTX-resistant Escherichia coli strains were isolated from Japanese red fox fecal samples, harboring various AMR genes and mutations. One strain carried aph(3")-Ib, aph(3')-Ia, aph(6)-Id, mdf(A), sitABCD, sul2, tet(A), and tet(B), while the other had gyrA(S83L), parC(S80I, E84V), and parE(I529L) mutations along with mdf(A) and sitABCD.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including blaTEM-1, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, sul2, dfrA14, and mcr-1, in Escherichia coli ST1485 strains, highlighting their multidrug-resistant nature and potential zoonotic risk.

The study identified 80 antibiotic resistance genes in 172 Enterobacter cloacae complex isolates, with a focus on beta-lactamases, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones. Key genes included blaACT-2, blaACT-3, blaACT-6, blaACT-9, blaACT-12, blaTEM-1D, blaCTX-M-3, blaSHV-12, blaNDM-1, blaNDM-5, blaIMP-1, blaIMP-4, blaIMP-26, blaKPC-2, qnrS2, qnrE1, aac(6')-Ib, aac(6')-IIc, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA, sul2, dfrA12, tetA, ereA, floR, catA2, mcr-10, arr-6, and fosA3.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from mares, including dfrA14 for trimethoprim resistance, mdf(A) for chloramphenicol resistance, sul2 for sulfonamide resistance, blaEC for beta-lactam resistance, and aph(6)-Id for streptomycin resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in Akkermansia muciniphila strains, including adeF, tetW, sul2, and aph(6)-Id. Only the strain Amap1 showed resistance to tetracycline due to the presence of tetW. The presence of ARGs does not always translate into a resistant phenotype.

The study identified ESBL-producing E. coli in river water in northern Thailand, with bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-14, and bla CTX-M-27 being the most prevalent beta-lactamase genes. Additionally, mcr-1.1 and mcr-3.4 genes were found to confer resistance to colistin. Various other resistance genes were also characterized, including aac(3)-IId, aadA5, ant(3″)-Ia, aph(3″)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, qnrS1, mdf(A), erm(B), mph(A), floR, sul2, sul3, tet(A), tet(X), tet(M), dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17, cmlA1, catA2, lnu(F), and erm(42).

The study characterized antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg isolates from production animals in the United States, identifying genes such as aac(6')-Iaa, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6)-Id, blaTEM-1B, blaCMY-2, blaSHV-12, floR, catA2, qnrB2, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aadA1, aadA2, sul1, sul2, tetA, and mcr-9.1, along with mutations in gyrA and parC genes contributing to resistance against various antibiotics.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from condemned broiler carcasses, including beta-lactamase genes (bla TEM-1B, bla TEM-1C, bla TEM-220, bla TEM-106, bla TEM-135, bla TEM-126, bla TEM-127), sulfonamide resistance gene (sul 2), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aph (6)-Id, aph (3")-Ib, aph (3')-Ia, aad A1, aad A5, aac (3)- Via), trimethoprim resistance genes (dfr A1, dfr A14, dfr A15, dfr A17), tetracycline resistance genes (tet (A), tet (B)), and a macrolide resistance gene (mdf (A)).

The study identifies multiple AMR genes, including bla OXA-181, bla TEM-1B, aac (3)-IId, aad A2, cml A1, dfr A12, mef (B), sul 3, tet (A), tet (M), incX3, incX1, incFII, qnr S1, aph (3″)-Ib, aph (6)-Id, flo R, lnu (F), sul 2, sul 3, tet (B), mph (A), mph (G), qnr B4, rmt B, and fos A3, in OXA-181-producing E. coli isolates from pigs and bovines in Italy. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics, including carbapenems, cephalosporins, penicillins, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, macrolides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and fosfomycin.

The study identified mcr-1 and mcr-4 genes conferring colistin resistance, along with blaTEM-1B, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6)-Id, sul2, and tet(A) genes responsible for resistance to various antibiotics in E. coli isolates from pig farming.