The study characterizes In53, a unique class 1 integron in Escherichia coli that carries multiple antibiotic resistance gene cassettes, including aadB, arr-2, cmlA5, qacI, aacA1b/orfG, oxa10, and aadA1, each contributing to resistance against various antibiotics.

The study identifies the blaIMP-4 gene encoding the metallo-beta-lactamase IMP-4 and the arr-2 gene encoding the rifampin ADP-ribosyltransferase in Acinetobacter strains, both located in class 1 integrons. These genes confer resistance to imipenem and rifampin, respectively.

The study identifies the arr gene in Mycobacterium smegmatis, which encodes a rifampin ADP ribosyltransferase that inactivates rifampin, leading to resistance. Disruption of arr results in rifampin hypersensitivity, and the gene is functional in M. marinum, increasing its rifampin resistance.

The study identifies numerous resistance genes in the multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain AYE, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and others, highlighting the complexity of its resistance mechanisms.

Two new arr alleles, arr-4 and arr-5, were identified and characterized in clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from Brazil, demonstrating high-level rifampin resistance.

Two new arr alleles, arr-4 and arr-5, were identified and characterized in clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains from Brazil, demonstrating high-level rifampin resistance.

The study identifies and characterizes three Arr orthologues (arr-2, arr-ms, and arr-sc) that confer resistance to rifamycin antibiotics through ADP-ribosylation. These enzymes effectively modify rifampin and other rifamycin derivatives, leading to increased minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in E. coli and M. smegmatis.

The study identifies and characterizes three Arr orthologues (arr-2, arr-ms, and arr-sc) that confer resistance to rifamycin antibiotics through ADP-ribosylation. These enzymes effectively modify rifampin and other rifamycin derivatives, leading to increased minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in E. coli and M. smegmatis.

The study identifies and characterizes three Arr orthologues (arr-2, arr-ms, and arr-sc) that confer resistance to rifamycin antibiotics through ADP-ribosylation. These enzymes effectively modify rifampin and other rifamycin derivatives, leading to increased minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) in E. coli and M. smegmatis.

The study reports the first case of a KPC-2-producing Pseudomonas putida isolate in Brazil, highlighting the presence of the blaKPC-2 gene and a novel rifampin resistance allele arr-6.

The study developed a DNA microarray for genotyping antibiotic resistance determinants in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates, identifying numerous resistance genes and mutations associated with carbapenem, aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, and other antibiotic resistances.

The study identified numerous antibiotic resistance genes in Clostridium bolteae and Clostridium clostridioforme, including beta-lactamases, glycopeptide resistance operons, macrolide and lincosamide resistance genes, and efflux pumps. Notably, C. bolteae 90B3 exhibited resistance to linezolid, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and tiamulin due to the presence of the 23S rRNA methyltransferase gene cfr. Additionally, C. clostridioforme 90A8 possessed a VanB-type operon conferring vancomycin resistance.

The study identifies arr-cb as a novel rifampin resistance determinant in Clostridium bolteae, demonstrating that it can confer resistance through ADP-ribosylation of rifampin. However, the gene can also be cryptic due to mutations or regulatory region polymorphisms affecting transcription.

The study identified 46 AMR genes or gene families in 90 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Kenya, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance and the diversity of resistance mechanisms.

The study identifies four novel rifamycin ADP-ribosyltransferase genes (arr-wd1-4) from the sediment microbiome, which confer resistance to rifampin through ADP-ribosylation. These genes were experimentally validated for their biochemical function and resistance phenotype.

The study identifies four novel rifamycin ADP-ribosyltransferase genes (arr-wd1-4) from the sediment microbiome, which confer resistance to rifampin through ADP-ribosylation. These genes were experimentally validated for their biochemical function and resistance phenotype.

The study identifies four novel rifamycin ADP-ribosyltransferase genes (arr-wd1-4) from the sediment microbiome, which confer resistance to rifampin through ADP-ribosylation. These genes were experimentally validated for their biochemical function and resistance phenotype.

The study identifies four novel rifamycin ADP-ribosyltransferase genes (arr-wd1-4) from the sediment microbiome, which confer resistance to rifampin through ADP-ribosylation. These genes were experimentally validated for their biochemical function and resistance phenotype.

The study identified multiple ESBL genes, including bla CTX-M-15, several bla SHV, bla TEM-63, and bla OXA-10, along with other AMR genes across diverse lineages of K. pneumoniae isolates from Malawi. No carbapenem resistance genes were detected, but plasmids similar to carbapenem resistance-associated plasmid pNDM-mar were found.

The study identifies multiple multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Goldcoast strains in Taiwan, highlighting the emergence of an ST358 clone carrying various resistance genes, including blaCTX-M-55, mcr-1, and others, contributing to the rapid increase in infections.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, including beta-lactamases (blaSHV-11, blaTEM-1B, blaVEB-1, blaOXA-10, blaKPC-2, blaOXA-9, blaVIM-27, blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, blaOXA-48), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA1, ant(2'')-Ia, aph(6)-Id, arr-2, aadA24, aph(3')-Ia, aph(6)-Id, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')Ib-cr, aac(6')-Ib, aac(6')-Ib-cr), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(G)), trimethoprim resistance genes (dfrA1, dfrA14, dfrA23), chloramphenicol resistance genes (cmlA1, catB4), and others.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, including beta-lactamases (blaSHV-11, blaTEM-1B, blaVEB-1, blaOXA-10, blaKPC-2, blaOXA-9, blaVIM-27, blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, blaOXA-48), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA1, ant(2'')-Ia, aph(6)-Id, arr-2, aadA24, aph(3')-Ia, aph(6)-Id, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')Ib-cr, aac(6')-Ib, aac(6')-Ib-cr), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(G)), trimethoprim resistance genes (dfrA1, dfrA14, dfrA23), chloramphenicol resistance genes (cmlA1, catB4), and others.

The study identifies high levels of antibiotic resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from three hospitals in Thailand, with a focus on carbapenem resistance genes such as blaOXA-23, and rifampicin resistance mechanisms involving the arr gene and rpoB mutations.

The study shows that removing the AbaR resistance island from Acinetobacter baumannii restores antibiotic susceptibility and increases natural transformability. Several AMR genes within AbaR were identified, including aadB, aacC1, aphA1b, aacA, aadA1, strA, strB, blaVEB-1, blaOXA-10, sul1, dhfrI, dhfrX, tetA(A), tetA(G), cmlA1, cmlA5, cmlA9, catA1, arr-2, and sup.

The study demonstrates that outer membrane (OM) disruption can overcome intrinsic, acquired, and spontaneous antibiotic resistance in Gram-negative bacteria. Specifically, OM disruption by SPR741 effectively counteracts resistance mediated by macrolide resistance elements (mphA, ermC, mphB, ereA), rifampicin resistance elements (arr, rph-Lm, rpoB), and other resistance mechanisms.

Two Colombian clinical Providencia rettgeri isolates co-harboring NDM-1, VIM-2, and other β-lactamases were characterized. The isolates exhibited resistance to multiple antibiotics, including carbapenems, cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in a multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Agona isolate from a silver gull, including bla CTX-M-55, dfrA14, sul3, qnrS1, tet(A), bla TEM-1, and others, indicating the acquisition of multidrug resistance plasmids.

The study identified various AMR genes in ESBL-producing E. coli from wild birds and cattle in Nigeria, including bla CTX-M1/15, bla CTX-M9, strB, sul2, tetA, and others. These genes were associated with resistance to multiple antibiotics, highlighting the potential for inter-species transmission of AMR bacteria.

The study identified several beta-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-65, bla SHV-12, bla SHV-28, bla SHV-81, bla TEM-1B, bla TEM-52C, bla CARB-2, bla OXA-1, bla DHA-1, and bla CMY-2, along with other AMR genes such as aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA1, aadA2, aph(4)-Ia, oqxA, oqxB, qnrB1, qnrS1, floR, sul2, sul1, tet(A), dfrA14, dfrA1, dfrA17, dfrA8, dfrA12, dfrA16, dfrA15, catB3, cmlA1, arr-2, and qnrB19, which confer resistance to various antibiotics in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from food products.

The study identified various carbapenemase genes (blaNDM-1, blaNDM-5, blaVIM-1, blaVIM-6, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-58, blaOXA-66, blaOXA-69, blaOXA-91, blaOXA-181, blaOXA-50) and other resistance genes (such as armA, rmtC, rmtF, aac(3)-I, aadA1, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-VI, aph(3')-Via, aph(6')-Id, mphE, msrE, mphA, ereA, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17, dfrA20, sul1, sul2, tetB, tetD, tetG, tet39, qnrVC1, qnrS1, qnrB4, floR, catA1, catA2, catB3, catB7, cmlA1, cmlA5, arr-3, arr-2, sat2, acrF, mdtM, emrD, mexA, mexE, mexX, kdeA, oxa-10, oxa-395, oxa-396, oxa-846, adc-25, dha-1, act-16, cmY, ctx-m-15, shv-67, tem-1b) in carbapenem non-susceptible clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria in Kenya, highlighting the diversity and prevalence of multidrug resistance.

This study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Pasteurella multocida, including aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, tetracycline, macrolide, and sulfonamide resistance genes, highlighting the diverse resistance mechanisms present in this pathogen.

The study identifies aerobactin as a stable and functional marker for the identification of hypervirulent carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CR-hvKp), highlighting the instability of RmpA2 and the importance of molecular identification due to the limitations of phenotypic screening.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from a pediatric cancer hospital in Egypt, highlighting the presence of bla NDM, bla OXA-23-like, bla OXA-51-like, and other resistance genes, along with mutations in pmrA and lptF contributing to colistin resistance.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, including bla CTX-M-15, bla IMP-4, bla OXA-48, qnrB1, qnrS1, aac(6')-Ib-cr, rmtB, aac(6')-Ib4, aadA2, ant(2")-Ia, ermB, arr-2, dfrA14, sul2, and sul1, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as cephalosporins, carbapenems, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and sulfonamides.

The study identified OXA-232-producing carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) strains that exhibited multidrug resistance, including resistance to carbapenems, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and quinolones. The strains were part of a clonal spread within the ICU, showing genetic similarities and carrying resistance genes such as blaOXA-232, blaCTX-M-15, blaSHV-106, and others.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including bla OXA-58, bla NDM-1, ble MBL, sul2, aacC2d, msr(E)-mph(E), and tet(B), in GR13-type plasmids from Acinetobacter isolates, highlighting their role in multidrug resistance and horizontal gene transfer.

This study identified various AMR genes including blaOXA-23, blaNDM-1, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, armA, mph, msr, cmlA1, ARR-2, sul1, sul2, tet(B), and blaPER-7 in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from India. These genes were found to be associated with resistance islands and mobile genetic elements, contributing to the spread of multidrug resistance.

The study identifies and characterizes antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and their mobilization through mobile genetic elements (MGEs), revealing that efflux genes are rarely mobilized, while certain ARGs like those encoding β-lactamases and aminoglycoside nucleotidyltransferases are highly mobilized.

The study identifies a novel IncHI1B plasmid, pYhe2001, in MDR Klebsiella pneumoniae 200 from swine, along with several resistance genes including blaCTX-M-27, aadA16, dfrA27, arr-6, aac(6')-Ib-cr, sul1, qnrB2, tetA, and floR. These genes contribute to resistance against multiple antibiotics.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from South American camelids in Germany, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains and the importance of monitoring AMR in these animals.

The study characterizes an OXA-232-producing ST15 CRKP strain with a multidrug-resistant profile, harboring chromosomal bla CTX-M-15 and plasmid-mediated bla OXA-232, along with other resistance genes such as strAB, rmtF, sul2, dfrA14, qnrB1, arr-2, and catB. Mutations in gyrA (S83F) and parC (S80I) contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified 80 antibiotic resistance genes in 172 Enterobacter cloacae complex isolates, with a focus on beta-lactamases, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones. Key genes included blaACT-2, blaACT-3, blaACT-6, blaACT-9, blaACT-12, blaTEM-1D, blaCTX-M-3, blaSHV-12, blaNDM-1, blaNDM-5, blaIMP-1, blaIMP-4, blaIMP-26, blaKPC-2, qnrS2, qnrE1, aac(6')-Ib, aac(6')-IIc, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA, sul2, dfrA12, tetA, ereA, floR, catA2, mcr-10, arr-6, and fosA3.

The study identifies a conjugative plasmid pCY814036-iucA carrying multidrug resistance genes and virulence factors, and another plasmid pCY814036-KPC2 harboring bla KPC-2 and rmtB, contributing to carbapenem resistance and hypervirulence in a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate.

The study identifies a diverse array of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes across various plasmid replicon types in enteric pathogens, highlighting the prevalence of resistance genes in plasmids such as IncHI2, IncN, IncA/C, IncP, IncHI1, and IncFIA. Key AMR genes include aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-IIg, aac(6')-Ib3, aadA1, aadA5, aph(3'')-Ib, bla CMY-2, bla CTX-M-27, bla NDM-1, mcr-9.1, and others, which confer resistance to antibiotics such as gentamicin, cephalosporins, carbapenems, colistin, and tetracycline.

The study identified several acquired and intrinsic antimicrobial resistance genes in lactic acid bacteria and bifidobacteria, including tetW, ANT(6)-Ia, aac(6')-Ie-APH(2'')-Ia, erm(B), erm(49), cat, dfrG, arr-4, and fosXCC. Additionally, mutations in S12, rsmG, Lsa(A), MsrC, and PBP5 were associated with resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identifies antibiotic resistance genes such as sul1, dfrA1, tetA, qnrS2, aac(6')-Ib4, arr-2, blaAQU, blaOXA-726, cphA3, and cepH in Aeromonas dhakensis and Aeromonas hydrophila isolates from striped catfish in Vietnam, highlighting the emergence of multidrug-resistant strains.

Extensively drug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky ST198 isolates from chicken meat products in Xuancheng, China, were characterized. These isolates carried multiple resistance genes, including bla CTX-M-55, bla TEM-1B, aac(3)-IId, aadA17, rmtB, tet(A), floR, lnu(F), arr-2, qnrS1, sul1, mph(A), and fosA3, and mutations in gyrA (S83F, D87N) and parC (S80I), leading to resistance against several antimicrobial agents.

The study identified 43 antibiotic resistance genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from duck carcasses in Hanoi, Vietnam, including genes conferring resistance to multiple antibiotic classes such as aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, quinolones, and tetracyclines.

The study characterizes the AMR genes blaOXA-232 and rmtF in OXA-232-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in China, along with other resistance genes such as blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1B, aacA4'-17, aadA2, arr-2, qnrB1, and qnrS1. Mutations in gyrA and parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Alexandria, Egypt, including bla OXA-51-like variants, bla OXA-23, bla NDM-1, bla PER-7, bla GES-like, and others, highlighting the widespread resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and other antibiotics.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky ST198.2-2, including blaCTX-M-14b, blaCTX-M-55, blaTEM-1B, aadA7, aph(3')-Ia, aac(3)-IId, rmtB, tet(A), sul1, dfrA14, floR, lnu(F), mph(A), arr-2, and fosA3, which confer resistance to various antibiotics. Mutations in gyrA and parC also contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes in 37 A. baumannii strains causing nosocomial meningitis, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, macrolide resistance genes, phenicol resistance genes, sulfonamide resistance genes, rifamycin resistance genes, and antiseptic resistance genes.

The study identified the presence of multiple AMR genes, including blaOXA-232, blaCTX-M-15, blaSHV-28, fosA, oqxA, oqxB, tet(E), AAC(6')-Ib, APH(3'')-Ib, APH(6)-Id, TEM-1, sul2, QnrB17, QnrB1, dfrA14, arr-2, AAC(6')-Ib9, and rmtF, in OXA-232-producing CRKP isolates from a hospital outbreak in China.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) accidentally packaged in the phageome of Abutilon fruticosum, including soxR, parY mutant, arr-1, iri, AAC(3)-Ic, and oleC, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as tetracycline, rifampin, and gentamicin.

The study identifies mcr-1.1 as a plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene and characterizes several chromosomal mutations in mgrB, arnT, pmrA, pmrB, pmrC, phoQ, and arnB that contribute to colistin resistance in K. pneumoniae isolates from Egypt.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes, including blaOXA-232, blaCTX-M-15, dfrA14, aac(6')-Ib-cr, and others, in K. pneumoniae isolates, highlighting the role of integrons and plasmids in the dissemination of resistance.

The study identifies 25 critical mobile antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, including genes such as sul1, qacEΔ1, aac(6′)-Ib, bla VIM-1, and others, which are associated with various antibiotic classes and are linked to mobile genetic elements (MGEs).

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Salmonella Isangi isolates, including ESBL genes like bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-22, bla CTX-M-3, and others, as well as plasmid-mediated AmpC genes like bla DHA-1 and bla NDM-1. Resistance to multiple antibiotics was observed, highlighting the need for continued monitoring of AMR in this serovar.

The study identifies 23 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in a multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Agona isolate from a dietary supplement in Germany, conferring resistance to 12 different antibiotic classes. Key genes include blaSHV-12, aac(3)-Iig, aac(6')-Iic, aadA2, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, dfrA19, qacEΔ1, ere(A), sul1, sul2, tet(D), mcr-9.1, catA2, arr, qnrS1, blaTEM-1, aac(3)-IIe, and floR.

The study found that twice-daily rifaximin prophylaxis significantly increased antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) abundance in the gut microbiome, while other treatment groups showed no significant changes. Several ARGs, including blaTEM-1, mdtM, sul2, aph(6)-Id, aph(3")-Ib, erm(B), mph(A), qepA4, qnrB19, qnrS1, and arr, were identified in E. coli isolates from the TrEAT TD cohort.

The study characterizes various AMR genes in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, including blaOXA-23, blaPER-7, blaGES-11, blaGES-35, aph(3')-VI, aac(6')-Ib, sul1, sul2, mph(E), msr(E), armA, strA, strB, cmlA5, arr-2, ant(3'')-II, aadA1-pm, tet(B), tet(39), qacEΔ1, and dfrA7.

The study identified high prevalence of carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative pathogens in Egypt, with bla NDM and bla OXA-48-like being the most prevalent carbapenemase genes. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes qnrS and qnrB were also detected. Additionally, several aminoglycoside resistance genes and integron-associated gene cassettes were characterized.

The study characterizes three ciprofloxacin-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky ST198 strains from a single patient with inflammatory bowel disease, highlighting their multidrug-resistant profile and potential epidemiological links to strains from chicken meat.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM, bla SHV, bla NDM, bla OXA, and others, contributing to carbapenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Mutations in porin genes ompK35 and ompK36, as well as in gyrA and parC, are associated with reduced susceptibility to carbapenems and fluoroquinolones.

The study identified antibiotic resistance profiles in four non-tuberculous mycobacteria, including intermediate resistance to ethambutol, isoniazid, and rifampicin in some species, and sensitivity to bedaquiline.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes in the MDR-KP isolate WSF99, including various beta-lactamases, carbapenemase, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, fluoroquinolone resistance genes, and others, highlighting the complex resistance profile of this high-risk clone.

The study identified multidrug and β-lactam antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in lettuce and water, while lettuce and soil uniquely shared mainly glycopeptide and tetracycline ARGs. Manure was found to be the main source of resistance markers on young lettuce plants.

The study developed a Recombinase-Aided Amplification (RAA) assay for the rapid detection of imipenem-resistant (IRPA) and rifampin-resistant (RRPA) Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The RAA assay successfully detected the oprD and arr genes, which are associated with resistance to imipenem and rifampin, respectively. Mutations in the oprD gene were identified as the primary cause of imipenem resistance in P. aeruginosa.

The study identified multiple ESBL and AmpC β-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-3, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-65, bla SHV-12, bla SHV-42, bla DHA-1, bla CMY-2, bla CMY-3, bla CMY-46, bla CMY-101, bla ACT-16, bla CMH-like, and bla MIR-9, along with other AMR genes such as mcr-1, qnrS1, aac(6')-Ib-cr5, and various tetracycline, aminoglycoside, sulfonamide, chloramphenicol, macrolide, lincosamide, and rifampicin resistance genes in Enterobacterales isolates from imported healthy reptiles.

The study identified several AMR genes in ESBL-producing Salmonella strains from swines and broilers in China, including blaCTX-M-14, blaTEM-1B, blaCTX-M-65, aac(6')-Iaa, floR, sul2, tet(B), arr-2, fosA3, dfrA12, mph(A), lnu(F), blaCTX-M-55, blaOXA-1, sul1, tet(A), catB3, qnrS1, and mcr-1.1. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, rifampicin, fosfomycin, trimethoprim, macrolides, lincomycin, quinolones, and colistin.

The study reports the first isolation of multidrug-resistant and pathogenic Plesiomonas shigelloides from the endangered crested ibis, highlighting the presence of resistance genes such as blaTEM, aac(6')-Ib3, aac(6')-Ib-cr, mph(A), arr-2, tet(A), qacEΔ1, dfrA1, and sulI.

The study identifies multiple extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes, including bla CTX-M, bla TEM, bla OXA, bla LAP, and bla CMY, as well as other antibiotic resistance genes such as mcr-1, mcr-1.1, tet(X4), aadA1, aadA2, aph(6)-Id, aph(3")-Ib, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-IIa, aac(3)-IVa, aph(4)-Ia, tet(A), tet(M), sul2, sul3, dfrA14, qnrS1, arr-2, fosA3, cmlA5, floR, mph(A), and lnu(F) in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from pigeons in China.

The study identifies various AMR genes and mutations in Pseudomonas paraeruginosa, including carbapenemases like blaVIM-2, blaVIM-6, blaVIM-28, and blaKPC-2, as well as efflux pump genes (mexAB-oprM, mexCD-oprJ, etc.), and mutations in oprD, mexS, mexR, mexZ, lasR, mvfR, and vqsM that contribute to antibiotic resistance.

The study identifies various AMR genes and mutations in Pseudomonas paraeruginosa, including carbapenemases like blaVIM-2, blaVIM-6, blaVIM-28, and blaKPC-2, as well as efflux pump genes (mexAB-oprM, mexCD-oprJ, etc.), and mutations in oprD, mexS, mexR, mexZ, lasR, mvfR, and vqsM that contribute to antibiotic resistance.

The study characterizes the dissemination of colistin resistance genes mcr-9 and mcr-10 across diverse Inc plasmid backbones in Enterobacter species, highlighting their co-occurrence with other resistance genes and their global distribution.

The study characterizes bla NDM-9 -carrying carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CREC) and identifies various antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) contributing to multidrug resistance. It highlights the role of mobile genetic elements in the dissemination of bla NDM-9 and emphasizes the importance of surveillance for these high-risk clones.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from livestock environments, including van(T), erm(B), cat(A), tet(W), lsa(D), arr, van(Y), and qac(G). These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics, highlighting the potential for horizontal gene transfer and the importance of monitoring LAB for AMR.