The study identifies and characterizes a strong chromosomal promoter (PP) from Streptococcus gordonii that enables stable expression of single-copy recombinant genes in various Gram-positive bacteria.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella isolates from cats, including blaTEM, cat, sul2, tet(A), and dfrA1, which confer resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, tetracycline, and trimethoprim, respectively.

The study describes the development of CPRINS-FISH for detecting specific genes in bacterial cells, including the ampicillin resistance gene (ampR), chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (cat), and the rpoD gene. These genes were successfully detected in various bacterial species, demonstrating the effectiveness of the method for identifying individual genes in complex microbial communities.

The study identifies numerous resistance genes in the multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain AYE, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and others, highlighting the complexity of its resistance mechanisms.

The study demonstrates the successful incorporation of the cat and tet genes into the stx2 gene of prophages using the lambda Red recombinase system, resulting in the production of recombinant prophages that confer resistance to chloramphenicol and tetracycline.

The chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (cat) from a 3.9 kb chloramphenicol resistance plasmid of Staphylococcus intermedius was cloned and analyzed, showing similarities to cat genes from other Staphylococcus species.

The study identified a multidrug-resistant PVL+ CA-MRSA ST59 strain in Taiwan with a novel SCC mec type VII, carrying resistance genes such as tetK, cat, aadE, aph(3')-IIIa, ermB, blaZ, and cadDX.

Arcobacter butzleri strain RM4018 exhibits resistance to multiple antibiotics, including chloramphenicol, beta-lactams, macrolides, sulfonamides, quinolones, and 5-fluorouracil. Resistance to chloramphenicol is likely due to the presence of a cat gene encoding a chloramphenicol O-acetyltransferase. Beta-lactam resistance is possibly due to the presence of three putative beta-lactamases and the lrgAB operon. The absence of the upp gene contributes to high 5-fluorouracil resistance.

The study identifies various genes in Streptococcus suis strains that are associated with virulence and potential drug resistance, highlighting the genomic diversity and evolution of this pathogen.

The study identified various AMR genes in commensal E. coli from pigs, including blaTEM, catA1, aph(3')-Ia, aadA, strA/strB, tet(A), tet(B), sul1, sul2, and sul3. These genes conferred resistance to antibiotics such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, spectinomycin, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole. However, the presence of these resistance genes did not provide a significant colonization advantage or disadvantage in the pig intestine.

The study identifies several antibiotic resistance genes in the enteroaggregative E. coli strain 042, including cat, tetA, aadA1, suI, and emrE, which contribute to resistance against chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin, spectinomycin, sulfonamide, and ethidium bromide.

The study identifies the absence of the AbaR-type resistance island and the tet(A) gene in Acinetobacter baumannii A118, which may explain its susceptibility to various antibiotics. It also characterizes genes such as cat, bla_ADC, bla_OXA-51-like, carO, and pbp2, which are involved in resistance to chloramphenicol, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and other antibiotics.

The study characterizes various methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) clones, highlighting their antimicrobial resistance and virulence-associated markers, with a focus on SCC mec types and PVL status.

The study characterizes various AbaR genomic resistance islands in Acinetobacter baumannii strains of European clone I, identifying multiple AMR genes such as blaTEM-1, aacC1, aadA1, aacA4, dfrA1, catA1, sul1, and tetA, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines.

The study identifies the emergence of a globally dominant IncHI1 plasmid type (PST6) associated with multiple drug-resistant typhoid. Key resistance genes include blaTEM-1, cat, dfrA7, sul1, sul2, strAB, tetA, tetD, and betU, which contribute to resistance against ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, tetracycline, and high salt environments.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from animals, including bla TEM, bla CTX-M-2, bla CMY-2, strA-strB, aadA, aphA1, aadB, cat, floR, sul1, sul2, tet(A), and tet(B). These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines.

The study identified QRDR mutations in gyrA and parC, as well as the aac(6')-Ib-cr gene, class 1 and class 2 integrons, and various resistance genes including blaTEM-1, catA1, dfrA1, dfrA17, aadA1, aadA5, strA, tet, and aphA1-Ia in ETEC strains, contributing to multidrug resistance.

This paper characterizes several beta-lactamases, including TEM-1, SHV-1, CTX-M-15, and NDM-1, which confer resistance to various beta-lactam antibiotics. It also identifies erm(B) and mef(A) as mechanisms of macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B resistance. Additionally, aadA1 and aac(6')-Ib are noted for aminoglycoside resistance, while catA1 and floR contribute to chloramphenicol resistance. The vanA gene is associated with glycopeptide resistance, and mcr-1 is linked to polymyxin resistance.

The study characterizes a Russian variant of ST239 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) with unique genomic features and drug resistance mechanisms, including mutations in rpoB, grlA, and gyrA genes leading to resistance against rifampicin and levofloxacin, as well as the presence of the tetM gene for tetracycline resistance and the ccrC1 gene for chloramphenicol and rifampicin resistance.

The study identified the pbp5-R allele, which confers ampicillin resistance in Enterococcus faecium strain TX16. This resistance determinant was found in most HA-clade isolates but not in CA-clade isolates.

The study identified various plasmid-borne antimicrobial resistance genes in multi-drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates from a newly opened hospital in Iraq, including aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, sulfamethoxazole/trime-thoprim, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol resistance genes.

The study identifies and characterizes novel SCCmec-SCCM1 composite islands in MRSA isolates, highlighting the presence of various AMR genes such as blaZ, erm(A), aadD, qacA, qacC, merA, merB, fosB, sdrM, aacA-aphD, far1 (fusB), Q6GD50 (fusC), and cat-pC194 (pMC524).

The study presents a microarray-based serogenotyping assay for Salmonella, demonstrating high correlation between genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. Several AMR genes were identified and validated, showing strong association with AMR phenotypes.

The study identifies the blaNDM-1 gene on plasmid pKPX-1 as a key factor in carbapenem resistance in a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate. It also characterizes additional resistance genes such as aac(6')-Ib, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-I, strB, qnrB, tetA, catA1, and catB4, which contribute to resistance against aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol.

The study identifies various AMR genes in Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus spp. isolated from U.S. food animals, including aac(3'), aac(6'), aadA, aadA1, aadA2, aadA12, aphAI, aph(3')-Ii-iv, strA, strB, bla CMY-2, bla TEM-1, bla PSE-1, floR, cmlA, cat1, cat2, sul1, sul2, dfr1, dfrA10, tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(D), tet(G), and tetR.

The study identified two Tn 916-like, tet(M)-containing elements in pneumococci isolated in 1967 and 1968, and a novel composite ICE, ICE Sp PN1, in a pneumococcus isolated in 1972. These elements contained genes conferring resistance to tetracycline and chloramphenicol.

The study identified the catA1 gene, which confers resistance to chloramphenicol, in various bacterial isolates from the internal organs of edible snow crabs. This gene was detected in Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas spp., indicating the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria in these crustaceans.

The study demonstrates that the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene can be used as a selection marker for chlamydial transformation, providing an alternative to β-lactamase-based markers.

The study reports the successful engineering of E. coli to synthesize short branched-chain acyl-CoAs and utilize the cat gene to acylate chloramphenicol to branched-chain derivatives.

The study identifies the cat gene encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase as a key factor in conferring resistance to chloramphenicol in E. coli, demonstrating growth bistability in antibiotic-resistant strains.

The study characterizes antibiotic-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains (EryR, KanR, TetR) and demonstrates that sub-curative antibiotic doses can selectively expand resistant bacterial populations during infection.

The study reports a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella Typhi isolates during a prolonged typhoid fever outbreak in Uganda, with 83% of 18 isolates being MDR. It also notes an increase in antimicrobial resistance compared to 2009 isolates.

The study identified blaTEM-1 and catA1 as key resistance genes in E. coli isolates from dogs, along with QRDR mutations in gyrA and parC contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identifies the mph(A) gene encoding a macrolide 2'-phosphotransferase and the cat gene conferring chloramphenicol resistance in Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium isolates from the Democratic Republic of the Congo.

The study identified 80 unique antibiotic resistance genes in dairy cow manure, including a novel clade of chloramphenicol acetyltransferases and several beta-lactamases, tetracycline resistance genes, and aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in MRSA isolates from bovines, including blaZ, blaI, blaR, tetM, ermC, aacA-aphD, aadD, aphA3, cat, sdrM, and fosB, which confer resistance to penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, gentamicin, kanamycin, chloramphenicol, and fosfomycin.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes including sul1, tet(A), strA, aadA, cat, tet(G), and sul2 in the microbiota of ornamental fish carriage water. These genes were found to be prevalent and associated with various bacterial families.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates from Zambia, including strA, strB, blaTEM-1, sul1, sul2, dfrA7, and catA1. Mutations in the gyrA gene were also associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes, including bla TEM, dfr, strB, tet(A), and tet(B), in Gram-negative fecal bacteria from volunteers treated with amoxicillin, minocycline, or placebo. The prevalence of these genes increased significantly in the amoxicillin-treated group.

The paper discusses multidrug efflux pumps from various bacterial food pathogens including Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrio cholerae, and Staphylococcus aureus, highlighting their role in multidrug resistance.

The study reports the generation of a thermostable variant of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) from Staphylococcus aureus, designated CAT A138T, which confers increased chloramphenicol resistance in Geobacillus kaustophilus.

The study identified bla CTX-M-15, aac (3)-IIa, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, qnrB4, qnrS1, aac (6')-Ib-cr, bla OXA-1, bla TEM-1B, bla SHV-12, bla CMY-42, bla DHA-1, mphA, ermB, catA1, catB3, sul1, sul2, dfrA12, dfrA17, dfrA1, dfrA5, tetA, tetB, and tetD as key AMR genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates in Nepal, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance.

The study demonstrates the phage-mediated transfer of the Staphylococcus aureus genomic island νSaβ, which includes the tetracycline resistance gene tetM and the chloramphenicol resistance gene cat.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in a metronidazole- and carbapenem-resistant Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron isolate, including nimD, cat, tetX, tetQ, ermF, and a novel beta-lactamase gene.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in MRSA strains from Krasnoyarsk, Siberian Russia, including mecA, blaZ, ermA, ermC, cat, aacA-aphD, aadD, tet, spc, ble, qacA, cad, and mer, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as methicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, tetracycline, spectinomycin, bleomycin, quaternary ammonium compounds, cadmium, and mercury.

The study describes an outbreak of colistin-resistant KPC-producing K. pneumoniae ST258 in the Netherlands, highlighting the presence of multiple resistance genes including blaKPC-2, blaSHV-12, and various other AMR genes.

The study focused on synthesizing and evaluating chloramphenicol (CAM) homodimers, particularly compound 5, which showed enhanced antimicrobial activity against certain CAM-resistant strains and lower toxicity compared to CAM.

The study identifies several AMR genes in the A320 strain of Acinetobacter baumannii, including blaTEM, aacC1, aadA1, sul1, catA1, and aphA1b, which confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified two types of plasmids harboring qnr genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from municipal wastewater biosolids. One plasmid, pKPSH-11XL, was a large multidrug-resistant IncF plasmid containing qnrB, beta-lactamase genes, tetracycline resistance genes, aminoglycoside resistance genes, and chloramphenicol resistance genes. Another group of smaller plasmids contained qnrS and other resistance genes.

The draft genome sequence of Proteus mirabilis NO-051/03 reveals the presence of multiple acquired resistance genes, including blaCMY-16 and blaTEM-1b, which confer resistance to β-lactams, as well as genes for resistance to aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, trimethoprim, and sulfonamides. Additionally, mutations in gyrA, gyrB, and parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The draft genome sequence of Proteus mirabilis NO-051/03 reveals the presence of multiple acquired resistance genes, including blaCMY-16 and blaTEM-1b, which confer resistance to β-lactams, as well as genes for resistance to aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, trimethoprim, and sulfonamides. Additionally, mutations in gyrA, gyrB, and parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The genome sequence of Riemerella anatipestifer strain RCAD0122 reveals the presence of nine types of antibiotic resistance-associated genes, including those encoding resistance to beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, chloramphenicol, lincosamides, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, glycopeptides, and macrolides.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in IncHI1 plasmids of Salmonella Typhimurium, including tet(B), tet(A), blaTEM, strA, strB, sul2, aadA, dfrA, catA1, aphA1a, and aad(3)IId, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as tetracycline, beta-lactam, streptomycin, sulfonamide, aminoglycoside, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in enterococci from Turkish cheeses, including ermB, tetM, aph(3')-IIIa, cat, and aac(6')-Ieaph(2")-Ia, which confer resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, tetracycline, kanamycin, gentamicin, and chloramphenicol.

The study identifies antibiotic resistance genes and genomic islands in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, highlighting the role of horizontal gene transfer in the acquisition of multidrug resistance and fitness-related genes.

The study identified various AMR genes in MRSA isolates from Kuwait hospitals, including aphA3, aacA-aphD, ermA, ermC, mupA, tetK, tetM, fusC, far1, msrA, mphC, sat, qacA, qacC, merA, merB, dfrS1, aadD, fosB, cat, sdrM, icaA, icaC, and icaD, which conferred resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study introduces SEER, a computational method for identifying sequence elements associated with bacterial phenotypes, including antibiotic resistance. It confirms known resistance mechanisms such as cat for chloramphenicol, tetM for tetracycline, and pbp genes for beta-lactam resistance, as well as identifies new potential factors related to S. pyogenes invasiveness.

The study identified several AMR genes in Gram-negative bacteria from fresh produce, including mcr-1, qnrA1, blaGES-11, mphA, and oqxAB, highlighting the presence of mobile genetic elements and clinically relevant resistance genes.

The study identified numerous antibiotic resistance genes in Clostridium bolteae and Clostridium clostridioforme, including beta-lactamases, glycopeptide resistance operons, macrolide and lincosamide resistance genes, and efflux pumps. Notably, C. bolteae 90B3 exhibited resistance to linezolid, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and tiamulin due to the presence of the 23S rRNA methyltransferase gene cfr. Additionally, C. clostridioforme 90A8 possessed a VanB-type operon conferring vancomycin resistance.

The study demonstrates that prophages in Staphylococcus aureus can facilitate the transfer of antibiotic resistance genes from neighboring cells through a process called 'autotransduction.' Resistance genes such as ermB, cat, and tetM were successfully transferred.

The study identified multiple AMR genes, including blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, aac(6')-Ib-cr, tet(A), mphA, strA, strB, aadA5, sul1, sul2, dfrA12, dfrA17, catA1, and catB3, in ESBL-producing E. coli ST131 isolates from Nepal and Japan. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics, including β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, sulfonamides, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified numerous antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from river water, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant and extraintestinal pathogenic strains. Key resistance genes included blaTEM-1, aac(3)-IId, qnrB7, and others.

The study identifies the cat gene, encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, as a key player in providing passive resistance to chloramphenicol in Streptococcus pneumoniae through intracellular deactivation of the antibiotic.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Enterococcus faecalis isolates from macaque cephalic implants, highlighting the presence of high-level aminoglycoside resistance, tetracycline resistance, and bacitracin resistance. These findings emphasize the complexity of AMR in clinical settings and the need for targeted antimicrobial strategies.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in E. coli isolates from marine bivalves, including bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, and various aminoglycoside, trimethoprim, sulfonamide, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, quinolone, and macrolide resistance genes. These findings highlight the potential risk of MDR Enterobacteriaceae in marine environments.

The study characterizes the evolution of plasmid-borne antibiotic resistance genes, focusing on the chloramphenicol resistance gene (cat) and the ampicillin resistance gene (bla). It identifies mutations in the plasmid that contribute to resistance and highlights the role of clonal interference in plasmid evolution.

The study identifies two copies of the cat gene in R. anatipestifer CH-2, which are responsible for chloramphenicol resistance. The H79A mutation in the cat gene abolishes CAT activity and reduces resistance.

The study identifies tetracycline resistance gene tetM and chloramphenicol resistance gene cat in serotype 1 Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, highlighting regional variations in antimicrobial resistance profiles.

The study identifies several AMR genes in ST95 E. coli strains, including blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M14, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aac3, strA, strB, tetA, tetB, tetD, sul1, sul2, dfrA5, dfrA12, dfrA17, mphA, and catA1, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, cephalothin, streptomycin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, azithromycin, and chloramphenicol.

The study identifies the presence of multiple antibiotic resistance genes in the Shigella flexneri strain SP1, including blaCTX-M-14, blaOXA-1, aadA24, strA, strB, catA1, tetD, sul2, and dfrA1, which contribute to its multidrug-resistant phenotype.

The study identified 46 AMR genes or gene families in 90 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Kenya, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance and the diversity of resistance mechanisms.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from North Carolina community hospitals, including bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-14, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, qnrS1, and mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE that confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study characterizes the genome of Arcobacter thereius, identifying metabolic pathways and potential antibiotic resistance mechanisms. No specific AMR genes were experimentally validated in this study.

Lysobacter enzymogenes exhibits intrinsic resistance to chloramphenicol through the production of unusual acyl derivatives, including chloramphenicol-3'-isobutyrate, chloramphenicol-1'-isobutyrate, and chloramphenicol-3'-isovalerate. The cat gene, encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, plays a role in this resistance mechanism.

Chloramphenicol was proven to be an effective selection marker for Acidithiobacillus caldus. The cat gene, encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, was utilized to construct novel plasmids with improved transformation efficiency and biosafety.

The study identifies several tetracycline resistance genes (tetM, tetW, tetO, tetS), sulfonamide resistance genes (sulI, sulII), and others, showing their expression dynamics during composting and their association with microbial community shifts.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A isolates from Cambodia, including beta-lactamase (blaTEM-1B), chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (catA1), sulfonamide resistance proteins (sul1, sul2), dihydrofolate reductase (dfrA7), tetracycline resistance protein (tet(B)), and streptomycin resistance protein (strAB). Additionally, mutations in the gyrA and gyrB genes were associated with decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility.

The study identified several tetracycline, macrolide, and aminoglycoside resistance genes in Lactobacillus isolates from chickens, highlighting the presence of resistance mechanisms in these bacteria.

The study demonstrates the feasibility of rapid nanopore sequencing for detecting plasmid-borne antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in clinical isolates. It identifies several AMR genes, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, sulfonamide resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, macrolide resistance genes, and phenicol resistance genes, in both Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.

The study identifies several AMR genes in the Nanosilver-resistant Proteus mirabilis strain SCDR1, including those conferring resistance to tetracycline, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, daptomycin, rifamycin, elfamycins, chloramphenicol, and amikacin.

The study explores the complex resistomes of Paenibacillaceae, revealing diverse antibiotic resistance mechanisms including intrinsic and acquired resistance genes such as aadD2, vanA, vanB, vanC, vanD, vanE, vanF, vanG, mcr, bla, tet, qnr, erm, mph, lnu, lsa, vat, vgb, cat, cfr, optrA, poxtA, sul, dfr, mexAB-OprM, acrAB-TolC, and oqxAB.

The study identifies several phenicol resistance genes (catA1, catA2, flo, flo-R) and highlights the role of acrR mutations in increasing phenicol resistance through overexpression of the AcrAB efflux pump.

The study identifies clinically relevant ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae ST307 and E. coli ST38 in an urban West African rat population, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains carrying various resistance genes such as blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-9, and others.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates from pigs and abattoir workers in Cameroon, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1B, bla SHV-28, and others, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains and their potential for zoonotic transmission.

Clinical Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 1 isolates from Niger exhibited high tetracycline resistance (77.4%) primarily due to the presence of the tet(M) gene within a defective Tn5253-like transposon. One isolate was also resistant to chloramphenicol due to the presence of a cat gene.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A isolates from Nepal, including gyrA and parC mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance, and acquired AMR genes such as catA1, dfrA7, sul1, sul2, strA, strB, and blaTEM-1 associated with multidrug resistance.

The study demonstrates the successful detection of antimicrobial resistance-associated proteins using TiO2-facilitated MALDI-TOF MS without sample pre-treatment. Specific resistance proteins such as blaTEM-1, aacC1, cat, and ampC were identified in various bacterial strains.

The study identified several AMR genes in Salmonella isolates from Ghana, including blaTEM-1B, blaTEM-52B, blaCTX-M-15, tet(A), dfrA15, sul1, sul2, catA1, strA, strB, aadA1, catB3, qnrB1, aac(6')Ib-cr, and blaOXA-1. These genes were found on various plasmids, highlighting the diversity of resistance mechanisms in the studied isolates.

The study identifies several known and novel resistance genes in wastewater-derived E. coli, highlighting the high genomic diversity and the presence of genes associated with resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified antibiotic resistance genes in wild and captive baboon gut microbiota, revealing that captive baboons had higher diversity and abundance of resistance genes compared to wild baboons, suggesting potential human-mediated transmission of resistance traits.

The paper reviews the role of F-like plasmids in the spread and persistence of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes, highlighting the importance of these plasmids in the dissemination of resistance genes such as blaTEM-1, sul1, aadA, and catA1, as well as virulence factors like ompP and colicin genes.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in five Bacillus species, including a putative chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (cat) gene in Bacillus megaterium, a tetracycline efflux gene (tet(L)) in Bacillus velezensis and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and an erythromycin resistance gene (ermD) in Bacillus paralicheniformis and Bacillus licheniformis.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes in Myroides odoratimimus, including bla-OXA-347, bla-OXA-209, tetX, and cat, which contribute to its multidrug-resistant profile.

The study identified that deletions in plasmids pJS3 and pJS5 led to enhanced expression of the cat gene, which confers resistance to chloramphenicol. The deletions resulted in higher levels of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) production, providing a selective advantage under chloramphenicol stress.

The study describes the successful cloning and expression of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (cat) in a cytosine-substituted T4 bacteriophage, demonstrating that the gene confers resistance to chloramphenicol.

The study identified a novel O89 O-antigen locus in E. coli strain 26561, which is associated with group 1 capsule (G1C) and multidrug resistance. The strain exhibits a mucoid and viscous phenotype, and possesses multiple AMR genes including blaCTX-M-14, blaTEM-1, aph(3")-Ib, strA, aph(6)-Id, strB, aph(3′)-Ia, sul2, tetA(B), and catA1. Mutations in gyrA (S83L, D87N) and parC (S80I) contribute to quinolone resistance.

Biofilm formation significantly enhances the conjugative transfer of the integrative and conjugative element (ICE) ICEBs1 in Bacillus subtilis. The study demonstrates that biofilm matrix production is critical for efficient ICEBs1 transfer, highlighting the role of biofilm structure in facilitating horizontal gene transfer.

The study established a novel plasmid shuttle vector system for the genetic transformation of Chlamydia pneumoniae, demonstrating stable retention of the plasmid and expression of RSGFP in various C. pneumoniae isolates, including human and animal strains.

The study identified multiple methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (MRSP) strains in two Italian kennels, highlighting the presence of various resistance mechanisms including beta-lactam, aminoglycoside, macrolide, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol resistance genes.

The study identifies various tetracycline, erythromycin, chloramphenicol, and aminoglycoside resistance genes in Lactobacillus species, highlighting their potential role in antimicrobial resistance and horizontal gene transfer.

The study identified several tetracycline, macrolide, and lincosamide resistance genes in turkey-derived lactobacilli, including tetL, tetM, tetW, ermB, ermC, lnuA, aadE, ant(6)-Ia, cat, and lsaE. These genes were associated with resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, lincomycin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, and tiamulin.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in S. Typhi isolates from Bangladesh, including blaTEM-1B, blaCTX-M-15, catA1, dfrA7, sul1, sul2, qnrS1, strA, strB, tet(A), tet(B), and mutations in gyrA and parE associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

The study identifies the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (cat) and the outer membrane porin gene (oprA) as lineage-specific resistance genes in P. aeruginosa, highlighting their association with specific population groups.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes associated with multi-drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella Typhi in sub-Saharan Africa, including genes encoding resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines. It also notes mutations in the gyrA gene associated with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, including ermB, mef, folA, and folP, which confer resistance to macrolides, trimethoprim, and penicillin. Mutations in pbp2x and pbp1a are associated with penicillin resistance.

The study identified intrinsic antibiotic resistance genes in Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus paralicheniformis, including ermD for erythromycin resistance, aadK and aph for streptomycin resistance, and cat for chloramphenicol resistance. These genes were found to be part of the ancient resistome and not horizontally transferred.

The study identifies a multidrug resistance cassette in Shigella flexneri serotype 3b strain SFL1520, including genes tetDCAR, cat, dhfrI, and ant1, which confer resistance to tetracycline, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, and streptomycin.

The study characterizes multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from South-Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo, identifying several AMR genes including blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1, blaOXA-1, aac(6')-Ib, qnrS1, cat, sulI, sulII, tet(A), and dhfr. It also identifies chromosomal mutations in gyrA and parC contributing to quinolone resistance.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella Choleraesuis isolates, including aadA1, catA1, cmlA1, floR, mph(B), strA, strB, sul1, sul2, sul3, tet(A), tet(B), dfrA1, aph(3')-Ia, lnu(B), and blaTEM-1. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as streptomycin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, trimethoprim, gentamicin, lincomycin, and ampicillin.

The study identified the presence of antibiotic-resistant Salmonella in dog treats in Japan, including the blaTEM gene, aadA1, aadA2, tetB, floR, catA1, dfrA12, and intI1 genes, indicating multidrug resistance.

The study reports the draft genome sequence of Enterococcus faecalis 24FS, highlighting its multiple-antibiotic resistance traits, including resistance to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, erythromycin, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim, streptothricin, and streptomycin, along with potential virulence factors.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including aac(6')-Ib, ermB, tetM, and catD, in Clostridium difficile isolates from clade 4, highlighting the role of mobile genetic elements in the evolution of multidrug resistance.

The study characterized multiple AMR genes in ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates, including bla TEM-1B, bla CTX-M-15, bla SHV-1, bla OXA-1, aad AI6, aac (6′)Ib-cr, aph (6)Id, aph (3′)-Ib, oqx A, oqx B, fos A, ARR-3, sul 1, sul 2, dfr A14, dfr A27, cat A1, and cat B4.

The study developed and validated 85 PCR assays to detect 79 AMR genes and mutations associated with resistance across 10 antimicrobial classes, focusing on E. coli. The assays showed high concordance with sequencing and phenotypic susceptibility testing, demonstrating their potential for AMR surveillance in E. coli isolates and direct stool specimens.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky ST198, including genes such as blaTEM-1, aacA4, aadA1, sul1, tetA, catA1, mph(A), blaCTX-M-1, blaOXA-48, blaNDM-1, blaCMY-2, and dfrA12, along with mutations in gyrA and parC that confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from broiler chickens in Jordan, including tetA, tetB, int1, sul1, sul2, blaTEM, and cat. These genes were associated with resistance to various antibiotics such as tetracycline, sulfonamides, beta-lactams, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in commensal Escherichia coli isolates from children and domestic animals in a semirural community in Ecuador. These genes included blaTEM-1B, dfrA8, qnrB19, strA, strB, tetA, tetB, sul1, sul2, and others, contributing to resistance against multiple antibiotics such as ampicillin, trimethoprim, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole. The research highlights the role of plasmids in disseminating these AMR genes and emphasizes the complexity of AMR transmission in such environments.

The study reports a ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella Typhi isolate carrying multiple resistance genes, including blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1B, qnrS1, sul1, sul2, dfrA7, aph[3]-1b, aph[6]-1d, aac[6]-1aa, and catA1. Additionally, a fluoroquinolone resistance mutation (gyrA S83F) was identified.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes including bla OXA-1, bla TEM-1B, qnr S1, dfr A1, aad A1, sul II, tet B, and cat A1 in Shigella isolates. Additionally, novel mutations in gyr A, gyr B, par C, and par E genes were observed, contributing to quinolone resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, including aadA, strAB, blaTEM, blaCARB, floR, cmlA1, catA1, qnrB19, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, tetA, tetB, tetC, tetG, and mutations in gyrA. These genes and mutations were validated through whole genome sequencing and phenotypic ASTs.

The study identified several AMR genes in multidrug-resistant staphylococci from high-frequency touched surfaces in London, including blaZ, qacA/B, dfrC, norA, ant(4')-Ib, AAC(6')-Ie-APH(2")-Ia, fusB, msrA, ermC, mphC, tetK, mupA, cat, dfrG, lnuA, fusC, aph3-IIIa, sat4A, vgaA, and others. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as penicillin, fusidic acid, mupirocin, tetracycline, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, including bla KPC, bla CTX-M, bla TEM, and mutations in ompk35, ompk36, gyrA, and parC. These findings highlight the complex resistance mechanisms contributing to the persistence of MDR-Kp in the hospital setting.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in non-O157 E. coli isolates from cattle fecal samples, including tetA, tetB, blaTEM-1, aadA1, and catA1, which were associated with resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, streptomycin, and chloramphenicol.

The study identifies various AMR genes in ST258 K. pneumoniae isolates, including blaKPC-2, blaKPC-3, aadA2, aadA1, blaTEM-1A, blaSHV-11, blaSHV-12, oqxA, oqxB, fosA, dfrA12, dfrA14, sul1, sul2, catA1, cml, and strAB, which confer resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study identifies the cat gene as a key factor in conferring chloramphenicol resistance in Salmonella, facilitating plasmid transfer and persistence in the gut.

The paper discusses various antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in antibiotic-producing bacteria and pathogens, focusing on genes and mutations that confer resistance to different classes of antibiotics, including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, macrolides, and others.

The study identifies blaKPC-2 as the dominant carbapenemase gene in clinical CRKP isolates, along with various ESBLs and other resistance genes such as blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, aac(3)-IId, rmtB, QnrS1, oqxA, oqxB, fosA, catA1, catA2, dfrA1, and dfrA17.

The study characterized the resistome, mobilome, and virulome of 20 multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from Pretoria, South Africa. Key findings include the identification of various beta-lactamase genes (blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-27, blaOXA-1, blaOXA-10, blaTEM-1B), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IId, aac(6')-Ib-cr, mph(A)), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), dihydrofolate reductase genes (dfrA17, dfrA14, dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA12, dfrA23), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B)), chloramphenicol resistance genes (catB3, catA1), and fluoroquinolone resistance mutations in gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE.

The study reports the first identification of three different multidrug-resistant (MDR) plasmids in a single clinical isolate of Leclercia adecarboxylata, including the blaIMP-8 gene encoded on an IMP-encoding plasmid. These plasmids harbor various AMR genes such as blaIMP-8, aacC2, aadA2, mph(A), sul1, qacED1, mer, chrA, dfrA12, tmrB, catA1, catB8, tet(C), blaCTX-M-9, and blaTEM-1.

The study identified LA-MRSA isolates belonging to CC96, CC97, and CC398, with CC97 being the dominant clone. Resistance genes such as erm(A), erm(C), msr(A), aacA-aphD, fusC, tet(K), cat, and dfrS1 were detected, indicating multidrug resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in multidrug-resistant Enterococcus spp. isolated from wastewater treatment plants, including vancomycin resistance genes (vanA, vanM, vanG, vanC), macrolide resistance genes (ermB, msrC), tetracycline resistance genes (tetL), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aad(6'), aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, ant(9')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, SAT-4, ant(6')-Ia), chloramphenicol resistance gene (cat), dihydrofolate reductase genes (dfrE, dfrF, dfrG), and lincosamide resistance genes (InuB, InuG).

The study identified multiple AMR genes in extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, including beta-lactamases (blaSHV-11, blaTEM-1B, blaVEB-1, blaOXA-10, blaKPC-2, blaOXA-9, blaVIM-27, blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, blaOXA-48), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA1, ant(2'')-Ia, aph(6)-Id, arr-2, aadA24, aph(3')-Ia, aph(6)-Id, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')Ib-cr, aac(6')-Ib, aac(6')-Ib-cr), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(G)), trimethoprim resistance genes (dfrA1, dfrA14, dfrA23), chloramphenicol resistance genes (cmlA1, catB4), and others.

The study identified several AMR genes in APEC isolates, including beta-lactamases (bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-15), aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (aac(3)-II), plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes (qnrA, qnrS), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul2), and chloramphenicol resistance genes (catA1, cmlA).

The study characterizes two carbapenemase-producing E. coli strains carrying blaNDM-5 and blaOXA-181, along with various other resistance genes such as qnrS1, blaCTX-M-15, aac(6')-lb-cr, catB3, sul1, dfrA17, qacEΔ1, aadA5, rmtB, ermB, mphA, tetB, catA1, dfrA14, dfrA12, blaTEM-1B, and blaCMY-42.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in ESBL-producing E. coli from Nile perch and water samples in Lake Victoria, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1B, aadA2, aac(3)-IId, sul1, sul2, dfrA12, qepA4, tetB, tetD, mphA, mdfA, catA1, strA, strB, nfaE, iss, vat, and lpfA.

The study identifies pbp2b, pbp2x, and pbp1a as key genes contributing to meropenem resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, along with ermB, tetM, and cat as resistance genes. Mutations in PBP2b, PBP2x, and PBP1a were linked to increased meropenem resistance.

The study identified 24 different antimicrobial-resistance determinants in Gallibacterium anatis isolates from calves with unresponsive bronchopneumonia, including novel resistance genes such as aadA23, blaCARB-8, tet(Y), and qnrD1.

The study characterizes an IMP-4-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST1873 strain, identifying multiple antimicrobial resistance genes including blaIMP-4, blaSHV-2, blaSHV-11, oqxA, oqxB, aph(6)-Id, strA, catA1, dfrA5, sul2, and fosA.

The study identified various AMR genes in CTX-M-producing E. coli isolates from peri-urban wild animals in Brazil, including bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-2, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-14, and others, indicating the presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in wildlife.

The study identifies various AMR genes in GC1 Group 1 and Outgroup Group 3 genomes, including aac(6')-Ib, aph(3')-Ia, aac(3)-IIa, sul1, sul2, tet(A), tet(G), catA1, intI1, intI2, and efflux pumps adeABC, adeIJK, and adeFGH. These genes contribute to multidrug resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella Typhi isolates, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-1B, blaTEM-116), chloramphenicol resistance gene (catA1), trimethoprim resistance genes (dfrA7, dfrA15), sulfamethoxazole resistance genes (sul1, sul2), and fluoroquinolone resistance mutations in gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE genes.

The study identified several AMR genes in a culture-negative sample from a patient with severe pneumonia, including bla SHV-12, bla KPC-2, bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M-65, aac(3)-IIa, aadA1, dfrA1, sul1, aph(3')-Ia, catA1, fosA, acrA, and rmtB, which confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli strains isolated from blue mussels in Norway, highlighting the potential for mobility of these resistance genes.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in MDR E. coli strains from captive wild animals, highlighting the presence of CTX-M-8 and CTX-M-65 beta-lactamases, along with various other resistance mechanisms such as aminoglycoside, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolone resistance genes, as well as mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in E. coli isolates from diseased chickens in the Czech Republic, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains with resistance to β-lactams, quinolones, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in Enterococcus species isolated from yaks, including ermA, ermB, tetA, tetB, tetM, tetL, cat, optrA, and poxtA. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and linezolid. Additionally, a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Enterococcus strains was observed.

The study identified various AMR genes in multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates, including beta-lactamases (blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-27, blaCTX-M-55, blaOXA-1, blaCMY-2, blaOXA, blaCMY), phenicol resistance genes (catB3, cmlA1, floR, catA1, catA2, oqxA, oqxB), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(6')-Ib-cr5, aac(6')-Ib-cr, oqxA2, qepA1, qnrS1), sulfonamide and trimethoprim resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA12, dfrA7), and tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B), tet(M)).

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in fluoroquinolone-resistant avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates, including qnrA, qnrS, blaCTX-1, blaCTX-15, blaTEM-1, aac(3)-II, tetA, sul1, sul2, and catA1, along with mutations in gyrA and parC that confer fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified multiple AMR genes, including bla CTX-M-55, bla CMY-2, bla CTX-M-1, bla SHV-12, sul2, aac(3)-Ia, aadA, strA, strB, tet(A), tet(B), dfrA14, floR, cmlA1, catA1, catB3, qnrS1, qnrS2, qnrB19, mph(A), mph(B), arr-3, and aac(6')Ib-cr, in ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli isolates from broiler production.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Pseudomonas spp. isolated from raw milk, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains and the presence of resistance determinants such as beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, and efflux pumps.

The study identified the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (Cat) and beta-lactamases (CTX-M-14 and CTX-M-14 A77V/D240G) as genes that confer resistance to chloramphenicol and ceftazidime, respectively, in Escherichia coli.

The study identifies various antibiotic resistance genes in commensal E. coli isolates, highlighting the prevalence of resistance genes on F plasmids and the role of mobile genetic elements in their dissemination.

The study shows that removing the AbaR resistance island from Acinetobacter baumannii restores antibiotic susceptibility and increases natural transformability. Several AMR genes within AbaR were identified, including aadB, aacC1, aphA1b, aacA, aadA1, strA, strB, blaVEB-1, blaOXA-10, sul1, dhfrI, dhfrX, tetA(A), tetA(G), cmlA1, cmlA5, cmlA9, catA1, arr-2, and sup.

The report highlights the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria, focusing on Salmonella, Campylobacter, and E. coli. It notes high resistance levels to ampicillin, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines in Salmonella and E. coli isolates, along with rising resistance to fluoroquinolones in certain serovars. Carbapenemase-producing E. coli and Salmonella were rarely detected.

The study identifies several AMR genes in a multi-drug-resistant Shigella flexneri strain, including bla DHA, bla OXA-1, tet(B), catA1, dfrA1, mph(A), ermB, qnrB, aadA, and qacEΔ1, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, macrolides, quinolones, aminoglycosides, and quaternary ammonium compounds.

The study identified seven resistance genes and several mutations associated with antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter jejuni isolates, demonstrating the effectiveness of whole-genome sequencing in predicting resistance.

The study identified 15 acquired genes associated with resistance to five distinct antibiotic classes in Campylobacter spp., including novel beta-lactamase genes blaOXA-493 and blaOXA-576, and characterized mutations in gyrA, rpsL, and 23S rRNA that confer resistance to fluoroquinolones, streptomycin, and macrolides, respectively.

The study identified several AMR genes in two hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from renal transplant recipients, including bla CTX-M-15, aac(6')-Ib-cr, and others, indicating resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identifies the role of insertion sequence IS1216V in the dissemination of multidrug-resistant elements MES(PM1) and MES(6272-2) between Enterococcus and ST59 Staphylococcus aureus, highlighting the contribution of IS1216V in mediating the transfer of resistance genes such as ermB, aph(3')-IIIa, aadE, aacA-aphD, and cat.

The study identified high levels of antibiotic resistance in E. coli isolates from children with acute diarrhea, particularly to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline. The resistance genes catA1 and tetA were found in 94% and 89% of the isolates, respectively.

The study identifies the blaCTX-M-15 gene as a major contributor to cephalosporin resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from Malawi, along with other AMR genes such as aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IId, aadA5, ant(3'')-Ih, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(3')-Ia, aph(6)-Id, strA, strB, acrF, emrD, mdtM, blaTEM-1, catA1, catB3, dfrA17, sul2, mph(A), and tet(A).

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from chicken meat, including tetA, sul1, aadA1, ereA, aac-3-IV, cmlA, catA1, SHV, and CITM, highlighting the prevalence of resistance to various antibiotics such as tetracycline, sulfonamide, streptomycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, and beta-lactams.

The study identified that prophage-encoded antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) such as bla (ampicillin resistance), cat (chloramphenicol resistance), and neo (kanamycin resistance) confer resistance in Escherichia coli. The benefits of these ARGs and prophages vary depending on environmental conditions, with ARGs being more beneficial under antibiotic exposure and prophages being more beneficial when the lytic lifecycle is induced.

The study identifies the blaCTX-M-1 gene carried on an IncI1/ST3 plasmid in Enterobacter cloacae and Escherichia coli isolates from humans and wild animals in Guadeloupe, highlighting the dissemination of this resistance determinant in the environment.

The study identified various AMR genes in E. coli isolates from bloodstream infections, including genes conferring resistance to beta-lactams, macrolides, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim. Additionally, mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA, parC, and parE were associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) isolates from Egyptian children with diarrhea, including bla CTX-M-14b, bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1B, aadA1, aph (3')-Ib, aph (3')-Ia, aph (6)-Id, dfrA1, mdfA, sul2, and tetA, which contribute to multidrug resistance.

The study reports the emergence of the mcr-9.1 gene in a colistin-resistant Enterobacter kobei strain isolated from a critically endangered franciscana dolphin in Brazil, along with various other AMR genes.

The study identifies the disruption of lpxA, mlaD, and pldA genes by IS Ajo2 and IS Aba13 insertions in colistin-dependent A. baumannii, leading to lipid A deficiency and colistin dependence.