Browse AMR Genes
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
chloramphenicol efflux MFS transporter CmlA5
Overview
| Allele | Database | Papers | Drug Classes | Organisms | Countries | Years | Sequence Accession | Protein Accession |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CmlA5 | Reference Gene CatalogResFinder DatabaseReslit | 32 | CHLORAMPHENICOL, phenicols +3 | Klebsiella pneumoniae +12 | Australia, Colombia|USA, North America|Asia|Europe|Australia|South America, Iran, Kuwait, central Adriatic Sea|Croatia|Croatian marine environment, China, Holtemme river, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, Egypt, Europe|Asia|North America|Western and South-Eastern Asia, Bangladesh, Finland, Pakistan|Karachi, Pakistan, Alexandria, Egypt, Europe|Russia, Europe|Asia|South America|Africa|Germany|Vietnam|USA|Ecuador|China, Southern Thailand, Europe|Brazil | 1999, 2001, 2011, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 | AJ704863.3 | CAJ42282.1 |
| cmlA5 | Card Database | 1 | - | uncultured bacterium | - | - | AY115475.1 | AAM77075.1 |
| cml A5 | Reslit | 1 | phenicols | Acinetobacter baumannii | South Africa | 2022 | PRJNA765178 | - |
Molecular and biochemical characterization of VEB-1, a novel class A extended-spectrum beta-lactamase encoded by an Escherichia coli integron gene.
Characterization of In53, a class 1 plasmid- and composite transposon-located integron of Escherichia coli which carries an unusual array of gene cassettes.
The study characterizes In53, a unique class 1 integron in Escherichia coli that carries multiple antibiotic resistance gene cassettes, including aadB, arr-2, cmlA5, qacI, aacA1b/orfG, oxa10, and aadA1, each contributing to resistance against various antibiotics.
Characterization of In53, a class 1 plasmid- and composite transposon-located integron of Escherichia coli which carries an unusual array of gene cassettes.
Analysis of the resistome of a multidrug-resistant NDM-1-producing Escherichia coli strain by high-throughput genome sequencing.
The study identified multiple AMR genes in a multidrug-resistant E. coli strain, including blaNDM-1, blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M-15, and others, along with chromosomal mutations in gyrA, parC, ompC, and ompF contributing to resistance.
Scarless Removal of Large Resistance Island AbaR Results in Antibiotic Susceptibility and Increased Natural Transformability in Acinetobacter baumannii.
The study shows that removing the AbaR resistance island from Acinetobacter baumannii restores antibiotic susceptibility and increases natural transformability. Several AMR genes within AbaR were identified, including aadB, aacC1, aphA1b, aacA, aadA1, strA, strB, blaVEB-1, blaOXA-10, sul1, dhfrI, dhfrX, tetA(A), tetA(G), cmlA1, cmlA5, cmlA9, catA1, arr-2, and sup.
Genome-based characterization of two Colombian clinical Providencia rettgeri isolates co-harboring NDM-1, VIM-2, and other β-lactamases.
Two Colombian clinical Providencia rettgeri isolates co-harboring NDM-1, VIM-2, and other β-lactamases were characterized. The isolates exhibited resistance to multiple antibiotics, including carbapenems, cephalosporins, and aminoglycosides.
Genomic diversity and molecular epidemiology of Pasteurella multocida.
This study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Pasteurella multocida, including aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, tetracycline, macrolide, and sulfonamide resistance genes, highlighting the diverse resistance mechanisms present in this pathogen.
Molecular study of metallo-β-lactamases and integrons in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from burn patients.
High prevalence of MBLs genes, especially blaVIM, was identified in MDR A. baumannii isolates. Most of the strains carried class 1 integrons, and gene cassettes arrays including cmlA5 and cmlA7 were detected for the first time in A. baumannii strains in Iran.
Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains in Kuwait.
The study identified multiple AMR genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates from Kuwait, including beta-lactamases (blaKPC-2, blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, blaCMY-4, blaTEM), aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (aac(3)-IIa, aph(6)-Id, aadA5), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2), quinolone resistance genes (gyrA_D87N, qnrB1), and others. Colistin resistance was linked to the pmrB_R256G mutation.
Submarine Outfalls of Treated Wastewater Effluents are Sources of Extensively- and Multidrug-Resistant KPC- and OXA-48-Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Coastal Marine Environment.
The study identified extensively drug-resistant (XDR) and multidrug-resistant (MDR) KPC- and OXA-48-producing Enterobacteriaceae in coastal marine environments, highlighting the presence of various AMR genes including bla KPC-2, bla OXA-48, and others.
Molecular characterisation of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from bloodstream infections in a tertiary-level hospital in South Africa.
The study identified colistin-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates with resistance genes including bla OXA-23, bla NDM-1, lps B, and various efflux pumps. These isolates exhibited extensive drug resistance (XDR) and were associated with sequence types ST1 and ST2.
Genome-wide analysis reveals the emergence of multidrug resistant Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila strain SINDOREI isolated from a patient with sepsis.
The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in the multidrug-resistant Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila strain SINDOREI, including sul1, sul2, qnr, GES-1, aadA3, qacL, cmlA5, and tetC, which confer resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, fluoroquinolone, beta-lactam, aminoglycoside, disinfecting agents, phenicol, and tetracycline.
Coexistence of Multidrug Resistance and Virulence in a Single Conjugative Plasmid from a Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolate of Sequence Type 25.
The study identifies a conjugative plasmid pCY814036-iucA carrying multidrug resistance genes and virulence factors, and another plasmid pCY814036-KPC2 harboring bla KPC-2 and rmtB, contributing to carbapenem resistance and hypervirulence in a Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate.
The fate of sulfonamide resistance genes and anthropogenic pollution marker intI1 after discharge of wastewater into a pristine river stream.
The study identifies and characterizes several sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2), the integrase gene intI1, and various other antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) such as aadA2, aadA11, blaOXA-2, blaOXA-4, blaOXA-10, blaOXA-33, blaOXA-36, blaOXA-129, blaOXA-392, blaOXA-824, blaBEL-1, blaGES-11, ereA2, cmlA5, dfrA1, and qacL. These genes were found in the class 1 integron gene cassettes in the Holtemme river, highlighting the persistence of ARGs downstream from wastewater treatment plant discharge.
Horizontal Gene Transfer, Fitness Costs and Mobility Shape the Spread of Antibiotic Resistance Genes into Experimental Populations of Acinetobacter Baylyi.
The study shows that antibiotic resistance genes can spread between species without selection, and the persistence of resistance depends on fitness costs and the genetic element bearing resistance. Specifically, rpoB and gyrA mutations confer resistance to rifampicin and ciprofloxacin respectively, while an integron containing multiple resistance genes confers resistance to aminoglycosides.
Epidemiology and Genetic Characteristics of Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli in Chinese Intensive Care Unit Analyzed by Whole-Genome Sequencing: a Prospective Observational Study.
The study identified bla KPC-2 and bla NDM-5 as the main carbapenem resistance genes in carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli (CREC) isolates. Additionally, various other resistance genes were detected, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (CTX-M-14, CTX-M-15, CTX-M-27, CTX-M-3, OXA-1, OXA-10, TEM-1), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-Iva, aac(6′)-Ib-AKT, aac(6′)-Ib-D181Y, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aph(3″)-Ib, aph(3′)-Ia, aph(4)-Ia, aph(6)-Id), quinolone resistance genes (qnrS1, qnrS2), tetracycline resistance genes (oqxA10, oqxB17), fosfomycin resistance gene (fosA3), and chloramphenicol resistance genes (cmlA1, cmlA5).
Genome Analysis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains from Chronically Infected Patients with High Levels of Persister Formation.
The study identified multiple AMR genes and efflux pump systems in P. aeruginosa persister isolates, highlighting their multidrug-resistant phenotype and biofilm-forming capabilities.
Phylogenomics of Globally Spread Clonal Groups 14 and 15 of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
The study characterizes various AMR genes and mutations in K. pneumoniae clonal groups 14 and 15, highlighting the prevalence of bla CTX-M-15, bla OXA-232, bla NDM-1, and other beta-lactamases, along with quinolone resistance mechanisms.
Multidrug-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella of public health significance recovered from migratory birds in Bangladesh.
The study identified multidrug-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella in migratory birds in Bangladesh, highlighting the presence of various AMR genes such as blaCARB-2, floR, sul1, tet(G), dfrA1, and mutations in gyrA and parC associated with quinolone resistance.
Genomic epidemiology of nosocomial carbapenemase-producing Citrobacter freundii in sewerage systems in the Helsinki metropolitan area, Finland.
The study identified bla KPC-2 and bla VIM-1 carbapenemase genes, along with various other AMR genes such as aac(6′)-If, aph(6)-Id, aac(3)-IIa, aadA1, dfrA1, sul2, sat2, qnrB, cmlA5, bla OXA-9, bla CMY-79, bla CMY-116, bla TEM-1A, bla CMY-117, bla OXA-10, bla CFE, bla CMY-100, aac(6′)-Ib, aadA2, sul1, qnrS1, qnrB9, mph(E), msr(E), aac(6′)-Iic, and dfrA16 in carbapenemase-producing Citrobacter freundii isolates from hospital environments and municipal wastewater in Finland.
Investigation of multidrug-resistant plasmids from carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from Pakistan.
The study identified 34 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in multidrug-resistant (MDR) plasmids from carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates in Pakistan, including bla NDM-1, bla OXA-48, and various beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside resistance genes, and others.
Dominance of Escherichia coli sequence types ST73, ST95, ST127 and ST131 in Australian urine isolates: a genomic analysis of antimicrobial resistance and virulence linked to F plasmids.
The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in E. coli isolates from Australian urine samples, including blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-14, blaTEM-28, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA17, dfrA5, dfrA1, dfrB4, tetA, tetB, mphA, cmlA1, cmlA5, catB3, sat2, qnrD1, fosA7, aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-IIe, aph(3')-IIa, aph(6)-Id, ant(3'')-IIa, intI1, and intI2. These genes were associated with resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, tetracycline, macrolides, chloramphenicol, streptothricin, quinolones, fosfomycin, and aminoglycosides.
Molecular characterization of multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from Alexandria, Egypt.
The study identified various AMR genes in multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Alexandria, Egypt, including bla OXA-51-like variants, bla OXA-23, bla NDM-1, bla PER-7, bla GES-like, and others, highlighting the widespread resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and other antibiotics.
Phenotypic and genomic characterization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates recovered from catheter-associated urinary tract infections in an Egyptian hospital.
The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from catheter-associated urinary tract infections in Egypt, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, quinolone resistance proteins, and efflux pump systems. Additionally, a pBT2436-like megaplasmid was detected, which contributes to multidrug resistance.
Plasmid content of carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates belonging to five International Clones collected from hospitals of Alexandria, Egypt.
The study characterizes various AMR genes in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, including blaOXA-23, blaPER-7, blaGES-11, blaGES-35, aph(3')-VI, aac(6')-Ib, sul1, sul2, mph(E), msr(E), armA, strA, strB, cmlA5, arr-2, ant(3'')-II, aadA1-pm, tet(B), tet(39), qacEΔ1, and dfrA7.
Emergence of carbapenem resistant gram-negative pathogens with high rate of colistin resistance in Egypt: A cross sectional study to assess resistance trends during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The study identified high prevalence of carbapenem resistance in Gram-negative pathogens in Egypt, with bla NDM and bla OXA-48-like being the most prevalent carbapenemase genes. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes qnrS and qnrB were also detected. Additionally, several aminoglycoside resistance genes and integron-associated gene cassettes were characterized.
Determinants of Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Factors in the Genome of Escherichia coli APEC 36 Strain Isolated from a Broiler Chicken with Generalized Colibacillosis.
The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in the E. coli APEC 36 strain, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, fluoroquinolone resistance genes, and efflux pumps, indicating a high level of multidrug resistance.
Phenotypic and Genomic Characterization of ESBL- and AmpC-β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacterales Isolates from Imported Healthy Reptiles.
The study identified multiple ESBL and AmpC β-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-3, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-65, bla SHV-12, bla SHV-42, bla DHA-1, bla CMY-2, bla CMY-3, bla CMY-46, bla CMY-101, bla ACT-16, bla CMH-like, and bla MIR-9, along with other AMR genes such as mcr-1, qnrS1, aac(6')-Ib-cr5, and various tetracycline, aminoglycoside, sulfonamide, chloramphenicol, macrolide, lincosamide, and rifampicin resistance genes in Enterobacterales isolates from imported healthy reptiles.
Genomic analysis of Enterobacter cloacae complex from Southern Thailand reveals insights into multidrug resistance genotypes and genetic diversity.
The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Enterobacter cloacae complex isolates from Southern Thailand, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and efflux pumps. Notably, the mcr-9 gene was found to confer colistin resistance.
Whole-genome sequencing-based species classification, multilocus sequence typing, and antibiotic resistance mechanisms of the clinical Aeromonas complex.
The study identified multiple beta-lactamase genes, including bla NDM-1, bla PER-3, and bla OXA-1, along with other resistance genes such as aac(6′)-Ib-cr6, aph(3″)-Ib, and floR, which contribute to resistance against various antibiotics in Aeromonas isolates.
Genome-Based Molecular Diversity of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli From Pigeons in China.
The study identifies multiple extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) genes, including bla CTX-M, bla TEM, bla OXA, bla LAP, and bla CMY, as well as other antibiotic resistance genes such as mcr-1, mcr-1.1, tet(X4), aadA1, aadA2, aph(6)-Id, aph(3")-Ib, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-IIa, aac(3)-IVa, aph(4)-Ia, tet(A), tet(M), sul2, sul3, dfrA14, qnrS1, arr-2, fosA3, cmlA5, floR, mph(A), and lnu(F) in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from pigeons in China.
Genomic Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Profiles in Escherichia coli Linked to Sternal Bursitis in Chickens: A One Health Perspective.
The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in E. coli isolates from sternal bursitis in chickens, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-1B, blaTEM-1A, blaTEM-1C, blaCTX-M-1, blaOXA-10), chloramphenicol resistance genes (catA1, cmlA1, floR), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aph(6)-Id, aph(3")-Ib, aadA1, aadA2b, aadA5, aadA9, aadA13, sat2), quinolone resistance gene (qnrS1), tetracycline resistance gene (tetA), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), and efflux pump genes (acrF, mdtM, ermE, qacE, qacL, terD, terW, terZ). Mutations in gyrA (p.S83L) and parC (p.E84G, p.S80I) were associated with quinolone resistance, and a mutation in glpT (E448K) was linked to fosfomycin resistance.
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