The study characterized various AMR genes in multidrug-resistant hospital isolates using the Antimicrobial Resistance Determinant Microarray (ARDM). Key findings include the detection of beta-lactamase genes (bla TEM, bla SHV, bla CTX-M, bla OXA), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA1, aadA2, aph3'/str(A), aph6/str(B), aac(3)-III, aac(6')-Ib), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B), tet(D), tet(39)), sulfonamide resistance genes (sulI, sulII), trimethoprim resistance genes (dfrA1, dfrA10, dfrA14, dfrA17), quaternary amine resistance gene (qacEΔ1), chloramphenicol resistance genes (catA1, cat4), and glycopeptide resistance genes (vanB, vanB2).

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Pseudomonas spp. isolated from slaughterhouse surfaces, including beta-lactamases (bla CTX, bla TEM), sulfonamide resistance (sulII), trimethoprim resistance (dfrD), tetracycline resistance (tetQ), erythromycin resistance (ereA), and chloramphenicol resistance (catA2).

The study identified a diverse array of antibiotic resistance genes in a polluted lake in India, including sul2, qnrD, aph(6)-Id, aph(3′)-Ib, CMY2, qnrS, ant(3′)-Ia, dfrB1/dfrB5/dfrB6/dfrB8, GES, ere(A)/ere(C), qnrC, mph(E), dfrA1/dfrA15/dfrA25/dfrA30, erm(F), ant(2′)-Ia, cmlA, and tet(39). These genes conferred resistance to various classes of antibiotics, highlighting the significant presence of resistance mechanisms in the polluted environment.

The study identified various AMR genes, including bla TEM, dfr, strB, tet(A), and tet(B), in Gram-negative fecal bacteria from volunteers treated with amoxicillin, minocycline, or placebo. The prevalence of these genes increased significantly in the amoxicillin-treated group.

The study identified various MLS resistance genes, including erm(C), mph(C), erm(B), ere(A), vga(A), lnu(A), and msr(A)/msr(B), in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates from bovine mastitis, highlighting a high prevalence of inducible MLS resistance.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in the newly described species Superficieibacter electus, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, and others, indicating its ability to resist various antibiotics.

The review discusses the mechanisms of macrolide resistance, focusing on macrolide phosphotransferases (MPHs) and macrolide esterases (Eres). It highlights the role of MPHs in conferring resistance by phosphorylating macrolides, thereby reducing their efficacy.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in pathogenic E. coli isolates from broiler chickens in Egypt, including CITM, ere, aac(3)-(IV), tet(A), tet(B), dfr(A1), and aad(A1). These genes were associated with resistance to various antibiotics, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant E. coli in poultry.

The study identified multiple ESBL genes, including bla CTX-M-15, several bla SHV, bla TEM-63, and bla OXA-10, along with other AMR genes across diverse lineages of K. pneumoniae isolates from Malawi. No carbapenem resistance genes were detected, but plasmids similar to carbapenem resistance-associated plasmid pNDM-mar were found.

The study characterizes the antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in the emerging Klebsiella pneumoniae ST101 lineage, highlighting the presence of multiple resistance mechanisms including carbapenemases, extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, and various other resistance genes.

The study identified various AMR genes in Salmonella serovars isolated from swine, including beta-lactamases (bla TEM-1, bla CMY-2, bla CARB-2), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetC, tetG), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA2, strA, strB), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), florfenicol resistance gene (floR), and dihydrofolate reductase genes (dfrA1, dfrA7, dfrA12, dfrA16), as well as erythromycin esterase (ereA).

The study identifies several AMR genes in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria isolated from German surface waters, highlighting the presence of clinically relevant resistance mechanisms such as bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-15, mcr-1, and others.

The study identified 18 antibiotic resistance genes in the multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis strain CC15031, including genes conferring resistance to various antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, tetracycline, aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, sulfonamides, and others.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from chicken meat, including tetA, sul1, aadA1, ereA, aac-3-IV, cmlA, catA1, SHV, and CITM, highlighting the prevalence of resistance to various antibiotics such as tetracycline, sulfonamide, streptomycin, erythromycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, and beta-lactams.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) isolates, including aadA1, aac(3)-I, ere(A), ampC, blaSHV, blaCMY, and tet(A), which conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as streptomycin, gentamicin, erythromycin, ampicillin, penicillin, cephalosporin, and tetracycline.

The paper discusses the mechanisms of resistance to macrolide antibiotics among Staphylococcus aureus, focusing on the roles of ermA, ermB, ermC, and msrA genes in mediating resistance through modifications of the ribosomal target site and efflux mechanisms.

The study identified various AMR genes in pathogenic E. coli strains from cattle in Romania and France, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains and the diversity of resistance mechanisms.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in P. aeruginosa isolates from Kenya, including carbapenemases (blaNDM-1, blaVIM-6), fluoroquinolone resistance genes (qnrVC1, crpP), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IId, aph(3')-Ib, ant(3'')-Ia), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetG), phenicol resistance genes (floR, cmlA), sulfonamide resistance gene (sul), trimethoprim resistance gene (dfrB), glycopeptide resistance gene (ble), and macrolide resistance gene (EreA). Additionally, mutations in gyrA and parC were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified 12 types of antibiotic resistance genes in 110 Salmonella isolates from duck farms in Shandong Province, China, including beta-lactam, aminoglycoside, tetracycline, macrolide, and quinolone resistance genes. The most prevalent resistance genes were blaTEM, aac(6')-Ib-cr, and tetA. The study also found that class I integrons and plasmids play a significant role in the dissemination of these resistance genes.

The study identified new subgroups of IncP/P-1 and PromA plasmids, including antibiotic resistance genes such as blaIMP-1, blaKPC-2, mcr-1, and various tetracycline and aminoglycoside resistance genes.

The paper discusses the molecular mechanisms of resistance to non-beta-lactam antibiotics in Staphylococcus aureus, highlighting the roles of various genes and mutations in conferring resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, oxazolidinones, lipopeptides, fluoroquinolones, and other antibiotics.

The study identified 80 antibiotic resistance genes in 172 Enterobacter cloacae complex isolates, with a focus on beta-lactamases, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones. Key genes included blaACT-2, blaACT-3, blaACT-6, blaACT-9, blaACT-12, blaTEM-1D, blaCTX-M-3, blaSHV-12, blaNDM-1, blaNDM-5, blaIMP-1, blaIMP-4, blaIMP-26, blaKPC-2, qnrS2, qnrE1, aac(6')-Ib, aac(6')-IIc, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA, sul2, dfrA12, tetA, ereA, floR, catA2, mcr-10, arr-6, and fosA3.

The study identified several AMR genes in Salmonella isolates from chicken farms in Egypt, including blaTEM, blaSHV, ermB, ereA, and mphA, which conferred resistance to ampicillin, erythromycin, and lincomycin.

The study identified several AMR genes in Arcobacter spp., including beta-lactamase genes (blaOXA464, blaOXA491), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(L), tet(H), tet(M)), a macrolide resistance gene (ere(A)), and aminoglycoside resistance genes (APH(3')-IIIa, ant(6)-Ia, SAT-4). Additionally, a mutation in the gyrA gene (C254T) was found to confer fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in E. coli isolates from frozen chicken meat, including tet(A), tet(B), aadA1, aac(3)-IV, ereA, blaCITM, blaSHV, sulI, catA1, and cmlA, which confer resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, gentamicin, erythromycin, ampicillin, sulfonamide, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified various AMR genes associated with resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins in Enterococci, including ermB, ermA, ermC, ereA, lnuA, mphC, mefA, and mefE. These genes were found to be highly prevalent and contribute to the resistance mechanisms observed in the isolates.

The study reveals that immigration of influent wastewater into activated sludge leads to an increase in the abundance of over 70% of the quantified antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). Specific ARGs such as blaTEM, blaMOX, qnrS, qnrB, mphE, dfrA, tetO, tetQ, tetE, marR, msrD, robA, qacL, blaOXA, and ereA were found to increase in abundance with immigration, indicating the impact of influent immigration on the persistence of AMR in wastewater treatment plants.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes including blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaNDM, sul1, tetA, aadA1, and ereA in XDR S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium isolates from diseased broilers. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides.

The study identifies 23 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in a multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Agona isolate from a dietary supplement in Germany, conferring resistance to 12 different antibiotic classes. Key genes include blaSHV-12, aac(3)-Iig, aac(6')-Iic, aadA2, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, dfrA19, qacEΔ1, ere(A), sul1, sul2, tet(D), mcr-9.1, catA2, arr, qnrS1, blaTEM-1, aac(3)-IIe, and floR.

The study identified multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from chicken meat, highlighting the presence of resistance genes such as blaTEM, tetA, ereA, CITM, and cmlA.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) isolates from commercial chickens in Nepal, including blaTEM, sul1, qnrA, tetB, cat1, ereA, mcr1, and aac(3)-IV, which confer resistance to various antimicrobial agents.

The study identified the presence of ermC, ermA, ermB, and ereA genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from healthcare workers, contributing to macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance and clindamycin resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes, including Sul1, Tet A (A), bla TEM, ere A, and qnrA, in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli isolated from migratory birds and broiler poultry farms.

The study characterizes the global genomic epidemiology of blaGES-5, a carbapenemase-associated integron, highlighting its prevalence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and its association with various gene cassettes.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in water and snow samples from ski resorts, including blaTEM, blaCTX-M, mecA, ereA, ermB, strA, tetK, and sulIII. These genes were associated with resistance to beta-lactams, macrolides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides. The presence of these ARGs highlights the potential environmental impact of technical snow production on antimicrobial resistance.

The study identifies a wide range of antibiotic resistance genes in the Enterobacter hormaechei complex, highlighting its multidrug-resistant nature and the role of mobile genetic elements in the dissemination of resistance.

The study identifies ermB, ereA, msrA, mefA, and mefE as key genes associated with MLS resistance in Streptococci, highlighting the role of efflux mechanisms and ribosomal methylation in conferring resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins.

The study identifies various AMR genes and mutations in Pseudomonas paraeruginosa, including carbapenemases like blaVIM-2, blaVIM-6, blaVIM-28, and blaKPC-2, as well as efflux pump genes (mexAB-oprM, mexCD-oprJ, etc.), and mutations in oprD, mexS, mexR, mexZ, lasR, mvfR, and vqsM that contribute to antibiotic resistance.

The study identifies blaNDM-1 as a key determinant of carbapenem resistance in Proteus mirabilis isolates from China, along with other resistance genes such as blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-65, and blaTEM-1. It also characterizes the genomic context of blaNDM-1, including its integration into SGI1 and plasmid-borne elements.

The study characterizes the dissemination of colistin resistance genes mcr-9 and mcr-10 across diverse Inc plasmid backbones in Enterobacter species, highlighting their co-occurrence with other resistance genes and their global distribution.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci associated with mastitis, including blaZ, mecA, tetK, tetM, aphA3, aacA-aphD, aadD, ermA, msrA, mphC, lnuB, and vanA, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as β-lactams, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, macrolides, and glycopeptides.