Browse AMR Genes
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
lincosamide nucleotidyltransferase (LNU)
Overview
| Allele | Database | Papers | Drug Classes | Organisms | Countries | Years | Sequence Accession | Protein Accession |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| lnuC | Card DatabaseReslit | 15 | lincomycin, macrolides +5 | Streptococcus agalactiae +16 | Australia, Alberta, Canada, California, Europe, Cairo, Egypt|Egypt, Germany|Vietnam, Europe|Belgium|France|Germany|Netherlands|United Kingdom, Australia|Czech Republic|Italy|New Zealand, Europe|UK | 2016, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2023, 2024, 2025 | AY928180.1 | AAY32951.1 |
| Lnu(C) | Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogResFinder DatabaseReslit | 14 | lincomycin, LINCOMYCIN +5 | Streptococcus agalactiae UCN36 +14 | China, Chiang Mai province, Northern Thailand|Thailand, France, Australia, Germany|Vietnam, China|UK|Canada|Thailand|Netherlands|USA|Denmark|Spain|other nations, Various zoo locations, Asia|North America, Europe | 2005, 2018, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 | AY928180 | AAY32951.1 |
| lnu(C) | ResFinder Database | 1 | LINCOMYCIN | Streptococcus agalactiae | - | 2005 | AY928180 | - |
New lnu(C) gene conferring resistance to lincomycin by nucleotidylation in Streptococcus agalactiae UCN36.
The study identifies a new lnu(C) gene in Streptococcus agalactiae UCN36 that confers resistance to lincomycin through nucleotidylation.
New lnu(C) gene conferring resistance to lincomycin by nucleotidylation in Streptococcus agalactiae UCN36.
New lnu(C) gene conferring resistance to lincomycin by nucleotidylation in Streptococcus agalactiae UCN36.
New lnu(C) gene conferring resistance to lincomycin by nucleotidylation in Streptococcus agalactiae UCN36.
New lnu(C) gene conferring resistance to lincomycin by nucleotidylation in Streptococcus agalactiae UCN36.
Genome Analysis of Clostridium difficile PCR Ribotype 014 Lineage in Australian Pigs and Humans Reveals a Diverse Genetic Repertoire and Signatures of Long-Range Interspecies Transmission.
The study identified several AMR genes in C. difficile RT014 isolates, including tetracycline resistance genes (tetM, tetA(P), tetB(P), tetW), macrolide/lincosamide/streptogramin resistance gene ermB, and aminoglycoside resistance genes (aph3-III, Sat4A, ant6-Ia).
Characterization of Streptococcus pluranimalium from a cattle with mastitis by whole genome sequencing and functional validation.
The study identified the presence of mef(A), msr(D), and lnu(C) genes in Streptococcus pluranimalium TH11417, which confer resistance to erythromycin and lincomycin. These genes are part of a prophage and contribute to the antimicrobial resistance profile of the strain.
Comparative diversity of microbiomes and Resistomes in beef feedlots, downstream environments and urban sewage influent.
The study identified several tetracycline, macrolide, aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, sulfonamide, mercury, and biocide resistance genes in beef feedlots, catch basin water, soil, and urban sewage influent. Tetracycline resistance was predominant in beef production systems, while urban sewage influent showed a diverse resistome with resistance to multiple antimicrobial classes.
The fecal resistome of dairy cattle is associated with diet during nursing.
The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the fecal microbiota of dairy calves, highlighting the association between diet and the resistome. Key genes include ermB, lnuC, mefA, tet32, tet40, tetO, tetQ, tetW, and optrA, which confer resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, and tetracyclines, as well as oxazolidinones and phenicols.
International Spread of Multidrug-Resistant Campylobacter coli in Men Who Have Sex With Men in Washington State and Quebec, 2015-2018.
Early Inoculation of Microbial Suspension in Suckling Piglets Affects the Transmission of Maternal Microbiota and the Associated Antibiotic Resistance Genes.
The study shows that early inoculation of microbial suspensions affects the transmission of maternal microbiota and the associated antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in piglets. Specific ARGs such as aadE_2, aphA3, ermB, lnuB, vanTG, tetQ, tnpA, mpmB, lnuC, and tetW were found to be influenced by the inoculation of microbial suspensions S1 and S2.
Sequence characterisation and novel insights into bovine mastitis-associated Streptococcus uberis in dairy herds.
The study identified antibiotic resistance genes in Streptococcus uberis isolates, including a multidrug resistance cluster consisting of mel/mef(A), mrsE, vatD, and lnuD, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as lincosamides, macrolides, oxazolidinones, phenicols, pleuromutilins, streptogramins, and tetracyclines.
High-throughput sequencing reveals genetic determinants associated with antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter spp. from farm-to-fork.
The study identified several AMR genes and mutations associated with resistance to quinolones, tetracyclines, and macrolides in Campylobacter isolates from various sources. Key findings include the prevalence of blaOXA-61, tet(O), and mutations in gyrA and 23S rRNA genes.
Genetic diversity and variation in antimicrobial-resistance determinants of non-serotype 2 Streptococcus suis isolates from healthy pigs.
The study identified 18 AMR genes in non-serotype 2 Streptococcus suis isolates from healthy pigs, including genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, macrolides, lincosamides, tetracyclines, oxazolidinones, nucleosides, and phenicols.
Longitudinal study of the short- and long-term effects of hospitalisation and oral trimethoprim-sulfadiazine administration on the equine faecal microbiome and resistome.
Oral trimethoprim-sulfadiazine (TMS) administration leads to a significant and long-lasting increase in the relative abundance of resistance genes sul2, tetQ, ant6-1a, aph(3"-lb, and lnuC in the equine faecal microbiome.
Microbiological Epidemiology of Invasive Infections Due to Non-Beta-Hemolytic Streptococci, France, 2021.
The study characterizes AMR genes and mutations in non-beta-hemolytic streptococci, highlighting high resistance rates to beta-lactams, MLS, and tetracyclines, with specific resistance mechanisms involving erm(A), erm(B), lnu(C), lsa(A), meff, and tet(M).
A national study confirms that Escherichia coli from Australian commercial layer hens remain susceptible to critically important antimicrobials.
The study found that Escherichia coli from Australian commercial layer hens show low rates of antimicrobial resistance, with most isolates susceptible to all tested antimicrobials. Resistance was observed for several antibiotics, including tetracycline, ampicillin, and ciprofloxacin, but no resistance to critical antimicrobials like colistin. Whole genome sequencing identified various AMR genes such as aadA1, dfrA1, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, tet(A), lnu(C), blaTEM-1B, and qnrS1.
Metagenomics reveals the temporal dynamics of the rumen resistome and microbiome in goat kids.
The study identified numerous antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the rumen of goat kids, highlighting the dynamic nature of the resistome influenced by age and diet. Key ARGs included RPOB, GYRA, GYRBA, ROB, MDTF, ACRF, ACRB, MGTA, MLS23S, TUFAB, TET44, TET32, APH2-DPRIME, SAT, BRO, TETQ, ERMF, NIMJ, ACI, MEFA, RRSC, RRSH, CAP16S, TETX, LNUC, TETW, TETO, and TET40, which were associated with resistance to various antibiotics such as drugs, MLS, tetracyclines, and others.
Identification of knowledge gaps in whole-genome sequence analysis of multi-resistant thermotolerant Campylobacter spp.
The study identified 22 different resistance genes and gene variants, including erm(B), aph(3')-IIIa, aadE, catA, lnu(C), blaOXA, sat4, tet(O), and point mutations in gyrA, 23S rRNA, and rpsL, associated with antimicrobial resistance in thermotolerant Campylobacter spp.
Identification of knowledge gaps in whole-genome sequence analysis of multi-resistant thermotolerant Campylobacter spp.
The study identified 22 different resistance genes and gene variants, including erm(B), aph(3')-IIIa, aadE, catA, lnu(C), blaOXA, sat4, tet(O), and point mutations in gyrA, 23S rRNA, and rpsL, associated with antimicrobial resistance in thermotolerant Campylobacter spp.
Streptococcus suis serotype 4: a population with the potential pathogenicity in humans and pigs.
The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Streptococcus suis serotype 4, including genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, aminoglycosides, oxazolidinones, and chloramphenicol. Prophages were identified as the primary vehicle for the dissemination of these resistance genes.
Exploring microbial diversity and biosynthetic potential in zoo and wildlife animal microbiomes.
The study identified various AMR genes in zoo animal microbiomes, including resistance to tetracyclines, lincomamides, fluoroquinolones, vancomycin, beta-lactams, and aminoglycosides.
Molecular characterization of Streptococcus suis isolates recovered from diseased pigs in Europe.
The study identified high frequencies of tetracycline and macrolide resistance genes, specifically tetO and ermB, in European Streptococcus suis isolates.
Genomic insights into the diversity, antimicrobial resistance and zoonotic potential of Campylobacter fetus across diverse hosts and geographies.
The study identified five AMR genes in Campylobacter fetus, including tet(O), tet(44), ant(6)-Ib, aph(3′)-III, and lnu(C), which confer resistance to tetracyclines, streptomycin, amikacin, and lincomycin. These genes were detected in human and animal isolates from various geographic regions.
Global analysis of the genomic diversity, antimicrobial resistance and potential vaccine candidates carried by the major global bovine pathogen Streptococcus uberis.
The study identified 35% of S. uberis isolates carrying acquired antimicrobial resistance genes, including ant(6)-la, aph(3')-lla, tetL, tetM, tetS, lnuC, and lnuD. Additionally, mutations in penicillin-binding proteins pbp2b (N366I, T402I) and pbp2x (E381K, Q554E, V590A, G600E) were associated with reduced penicillin susceptibility.
Dietary impact on the gut resistome: western diet independently increases the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes within the gut microbiota.
The study shows that a western diet independently increases the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the gut microbiota without antibiotic exposure. Specifically, ARGs such as ErmG, CfxA2, tetQ, lnuC, and mefA were found to be significantly enriched in the gut microbiota of mice fed a western diet.
Natural Microbiota of Dogs and Cats as a Source and Vector of Resistance Genes-Clinical Significance.
The study identifies tetracycline resistance genes (tet(Q), tet(A)), macrolide resistance genes (mef(A), erm(B), erm(F)), and lincosamide resistance gene (lnu(C)) in the natural microbiota of dogs and cats, highlighting their potential as vectors for antimicrobial resistance.
Phenotypic and genomic analysis of the emerging poultry pathogen Enterococcus cecorum in UK isolates.
The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in UK E. cecorum isolates, including tet(L), tet(M), ant(6)-la, ermB, NarA/NarB, and lnuC, as well as mutations in pbp2x and gyrA that confer resistance to various antibiotics.
Temporal dynamics of the resistome in gilts raised in an organic operation in which semen used for artificial insemination is the primary source of antimicrobial exposure.
The study identified several tetracycline, aminoglycoside, and MLS resistance genes in the fecal microbiome of gilts, with no significant increases in ARG abundance following exposure to semen extenders containing antibiotics.
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