Browse AMR Genes
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
major facilitator superfamily (MFS) antibiotic efflux pump
Overview
| Allele | Database | Papers | Drug Classes | Organisms | Countries | Years | Sequence Accession | Protein Accession |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ecol_mdfA | Card Database | 1 | - | Escherichia coli | - | - | JQ394987.1 | AFH35853.1 |
| mdfA | Reslit | 30 | phenicols, tetracycline +29 | Escherichia coli +9 | Japan, China, Mexico, Lake Victoria, Tanzania, India, Germany, Brazil, Europe, Canada, Sweden, South America, Turkey, Sichuan, China, East Africa, Kuwait, Tamaulipas, Mexico, Global | 2000, 2001, 2011, 2016, 2017, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 | KY662007|KY426918 | - |
| MdfA | Reslit | 2 | phenicols, tetracycline | Staphylococcus aureus +2 | Switzerland, Europe|Russia | 2019, 2024 | PRJEB24475 | - |
| mdfa | Reslit | 1 | aminoglycosides | Escherichia coli | China | 2020 | MT820501|PRJNA668015 | - |
Interplay between efflux pumps may provide either additive or multiplicative effects on drug resistance.
The study investigates the interplay between different efflux pumps in Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, demonstrating that simultaneous expression of multiple efflux pumps can lead to either additive or multiplicative effects on drug resistance.
In vivo titration of mitomycin C action by four Escherichia coli genomic regions on multicopy plasmids.
The study identifies four E. coli genes (mdfA, gyrI, rob, and sdiA) that confer resistance to mitomycin C when expressed in multicopy plasmids. These genes were validated through plasmid-based overexpression and zone of inhibition assays.
Antibiotic susceptibility profiles of Escherichia coli strains lacking multidrug efflux pump genes.
The study identified that the deletion of tolC and acrAB significantly increased susceptibility to various antibiotics, antiseptics, detergents, and dyes in Escherichia coli. Additionally, mdfA and emrE were found to contribute to resistance against specific compounds.
Correlation of overexpression of efflux pump genes with antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli Strains clinically isolated from urinary tract infection patients.
Overexpression of marA, mdfA, and yhiV efflux pump genes is associated with increased resistance to various antibiotics in Escherichia coli strains isolated from urinary tract infection patients.
A Contribution of MdfA to Resistance to Fluoroquinolones in Shigella flexneri.
The study shows that mdfA contributes to fluoroquinolone resistance in Shigella flexneri, although it is not a major effector of high resistance levels.
Examination of Quaternary Ammonium Compound Resistance in Proteus mirabilis Isolated from Cooked Meat Products in China.
The study identified quaternary ammonium compound resistance genes, including mdfA, ydgE/ydgF, qacE, qacEΔ1, emrE, sugE(c), sugE(p), and qacH, in foodborne Proteus mirabilis isolates. It also discovered non-classic class 1 integrons carrying the gene structure qacH-IS440-sul3, which were located on conjugative plasmids, facilitating the co-dissemination of antimicrobial and disinfectant resistance genes.
Whole-Genome Sequences of Five Acinetobacter baumannii Strains From a Child With Leukemia M2.
Five multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains from a child with leukemia M2 were characterized. They harbored blaOXA-51 and blaOXA-23 genes, which confer resistance to carbapenems.
Nasal Resistome Development in Infants With Cystic Fibrosis in the First Year of Life.
The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in the nasal microbiome of infants with cystic fibrosis, including beta-lactamases, chloramphenicol efflux pumps, tetracycline resistance proteins, and enzymes involved in folic acid synthesis inhibition.
Florfenicol Resistance in Enterobacteriaceae and Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of Florfenicol-Resistant Leclercia adecarboxylata Strain R25.
The study identifies the floR gene as a major contributor to florfenicol resistance in Enterobacteriaceae, particularly in Leclercia adecarboxylata strain R25. Other resistance genes such as mdfA, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aadA16, qnrB6, sul1, dfrA27, arr-3, and qacEΔ1 were also characterized.
Genome-Based Analysis of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in the Aquatic Environment and Nile Perch (Lates niloticus) of Lake Victoria, Tanzania.
The study identified multiple AMR genes in ESBL-producing E. coli from Nile perch and water samples in Lake Victoria, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1B, aadA2, aac(3)-IId, sul1, sul2, dfrA12, qepA4, tetB, tetD, mphA, mdfA, catA1, strA, strB, nfaE, iss, vat, and lpfA.
Phylogenetic Grouping of Human Ocular Escherichia coli Based on Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis.
The study identified 22 AMR genes in 10 ocular E. coli isolates, including bla CTX-M-15, dfrA17, aadA2, aadA5, bla OXA-1, bla NDM-5, dfrA12, bla TEM-1 B, mdfA, emrB, mphA, sul1, sul2, and aac(6')-1b-cr. Additionally, chromosomal mutations in parE, gyrA, and parC were found to confer resistance to fluoroquinolones.
Impact of short-term storage on the quantity of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in broiler litter under practical conditions.
The study identified bla SHV-12, bla CTX-M-1, and bla TEM-1 as the primary beta-lactamase genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from broiler litter. Additional resistance mechanisms included qnrS1, mdfA, and Tet 34.
Comparative analysis of multidrug resistance plasmids and genetic background of CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli recovered from captive wild animals.
The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in MDR E. coli strains from captive wild animals, highlighting the presence of CTX-M-8 and CTX-M-65 beta-lactamases, along with various other resistance mechanisms such as aminoglycoside, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolone resistance genes, as well as mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions.
Comparison of antimicrobial resistant genes in chicken gut microbiome grown on organic and conventional diet.
The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in the gut microbiome of chickens raised on organic and conventional diets, including beta-lactamases, multidrug efflux systems, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, and tetracycline resistance genes. These genes were found to be more prevalent in conventional diet samples under higher antibiotic concentrations.
Isolation and characterization of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) from red panda (Ailurus fulgens).
The study identified a Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) strain isolated from a red panda that exhibited resistance to multiple antibiotics, including aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, and macrolides. The strain possessed 20 resistance genes, such as acra, acrb, mdte, mdtf, mdtn, mdto, mdtp, tolc, arna, baca, bcr, bl1_ec, emre, ksga, macb, mdfa, mdtg, mdth, mdtk, and mdtl, which contribute to multidrug resistance.
Endophytic Lifestyle of Global Clones of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Priority Pathogens in Fresh Vegetables: a Trojan Horse Strategy Favoring Human Colonization?
The study identifies multiple AMR genes in endophytic ESBL-producing Enterobacterales isolated from fresh vegetables, highlighting their potential role in the spread of antibiotic resistance.
Genetic but No Phenotypic Associations between Biocide Tolerance and Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli from German Broiler Fattening Farms.
The study identified various AMR genes in E. coli isolates from German broiler farms, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-1A, blaTEM-1B, blaTEM-1C, blaCTX-M-1, blaCMY-2), quinolone resistance genes (qnrB19, qnrS1), chloramphenicol resistance gene (cat1), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2), dihydrofolate reductase genes (drfA1, drfA5, drfA14, drfA17), aminoglycoside resistance gene (aadA1), and efflux pump genes (sugEp, qacEΔ1, mdfA).
Outbreak of NDM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in the intensive care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic: Another nightmare.
The study reports an outbreak of NDM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in an ICU during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting the presence of multiple AMR genes including blaNDM-1, blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, blaCMY-4, and others, along with mutations in ParC and GyrA contributing to quinolone resistance.
Prevalence and mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from mastitic dairy cattle in Canada.
The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from bovine mastitis, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-1, blaCARB-3, blaCMY-59), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetC), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aph(3')-Ia, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA2), and multidrug efflux pump genes (acrA, acrB, acrD, tolC, baeR, emrA, emrB).
The Evolution of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Salmonella under Exposure to Sub-Inhibitory Concentration of Enrofloxacin.
Decreasing the abundance of tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli in pig feces during nursery using flavophospholipol as a pig feed additive.
Flavophospholipol (FPL) effectively reduced the abundance of tetracycline-resistant Escherichia coli in pig feces by inhibiting conjugational transfer and growth of resistant plasmids carrying tetA, tetB, blaTEM-1B, mdfA, aph(3')-I, sul2, aadA1, and dfrA1.
Dissemination of Resistant Escherichia coli Among Wild Birds, Rodents, Flies, and Calves on Dairy Farms.
The study identified the mdfA gene encoding the MdfA multi-drug efflux pump in Escherichia coli isolates from dairy farms, which confers resistance to ampicillin and trimethoprim.
Genomic Analysis of a Highly Virulent NDM-1-Producing Escherichia coli ST162 Infecting a Pygmy Sperm Whale (Kogia breviceps) in South America.
The study identifies a multidrug-resistant NDM-1-producing E. coli ST162 strain isolated from a pygmy sperm whale, highlighting the presence of various AMR genes including blaNDM-1, blaTEM-1C, blaOXA-1, and others, as well as mutations in gyrA and parC contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance.
World Health Organization critical priority Escherichia coli clone ST648 in magnificent frigatebird (Fregata magnificens) of an uninhabited insular environment.
The study identified a multidrug-resistant ST648 E. coli isolate carrying various AMR genes, including blaCTX-M-2, blaCMY-2, qnrB, tetB, sul1, sul2, aadA1, aac(3)-VIa, and mdfA, highlighting the presence of critical priority pathogens in wild birds.
Whole-genome sequencing-based characteristics of Escherichia coli Rize-53 isolate from Turkey.
The study identified ten antibiotic resistance genes in the E. coli Rize-53 isolate, including blaOXA-1, blaOXA-2, aac(6')-II, aac(6')-Ib-cr, tetB, catB3, qacE, sitABCD, mdfA, and sul2, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, and quaternary ammonium compounds.
Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of antimicrobial resistance profiles in Salmonella isolated from waterfowl in 2002-2005 and 2018-2020 in Sichuan, China.
The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella isolates from waterfowl in Sichuan, China, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, tetracycline efflux pumps, and quinolone resistance genes. Mutations in gyrA and gyrB were associated with nalidixic acid resistance.
Hybrid Genomic Analysis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis SE3 Isolated from Polluted Soil in Brazil.
The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis SE3, including aac(6')-Iaa, mdfA, golS, and msbA, which confer resistance to aminoglycosides, tetracycline, monobactam, and nitroimidazole, respectively.
Unraveling virulence determinants in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from East Africa using whole-genome sequencing.
The study identified several AMR genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from Uganda and Tanzania, including blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-27, blaTEM-1B, mdfA, tet(B), sul1, tet(A), and sul2, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, third-generation cephalosporins, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides.
Antibiotic Resistance Mediated by Escherichia coli in Kuwait Marine Environment as Revealed through Genomic Analysis.
The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from Kuwait's marine environment, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, fluoroquinolone resistance genes, sulfonamide resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, and macrolide resistance genes. Additionally, the MFS-type drug efflux gene mdfA was commonly found in E. coli isolates.
Genomic Analysis of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains Isolated in Tamaulipas, Mexico.
The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in multidrug-resistant E. coli strains isolated from human clinical, animal, and environmental sources in Tamaulipas, Mexico. These genes include beta-lactamases (bla CTX-M-15, bla OXA-1, bla TEM-1B, bla CMY-2), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aac3-IIa), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul2, sul3), phenicol resistance gene (catB3), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B)), quaternary ammonium resistance genes (qacE, qacL), macrolide resistance genes (mdfA, mphA), and quinolone resistance gene (qnrB).
A review of the mechanisms that confer antibiotic resistance in pathotypes of E. coli.
The review discusses the mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in pathotypes of E. coli, focusing on the role of beta-lactamases, carbapenemases, and other resistance genes. It highlights the importance of understanding these mechanisms to combat the growing problem of antibiotic resistance.
Genomic Dissection of an Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Strain Isolated from Bacteremia Reveals Insights into Its Hybrid Pathogenic Potential.
The study identifies multiple efflux pump-encoding genes in the E. coli strain EC092, which contribute to its resistance against several antibiotics including tetracycline, trimethoprim, streptomycin, and sulfamethoxazole.
Determinants of Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Factors in the Genome of Escherichia coli APEC 36 Strain Isolated from a Broiler Chicken with Generalized Colibacillosis.
The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in the E. coli APEC 36 strain, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, fluoroquinolone resistance genes, and efflux pumps, indicating a high level of multidrug resistance.
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