The study identifies a novel multiresistant Streptococcus pneumoniae serogroup 19 clone carrying the mef gene, which confers resistance to erythromycin and azithromycin.

The study identified ermB, mefA, and ermTR genes as responsible for macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from French pediatric patients.

The study identifies mefA, ermB, and ermTR as the primary genes responsible for erythromycin resistance in group A streptococci in southern Taiwan, with mefA being particularly prevalent in the M-phenotype isolates.

The study characterizes the genetic element Tn1207.1 carrying the macrolide efflux gene mef(A) in Streptococcus pneumoniae, demonstrating its role in macrolide resistance through transformation and MIC testing.

The study identified ermTR, mefA, and ermB genes as key resistance mechanisms in Streptococcus pyogenes against macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B.

The study identifies tetM, ermB, and mefA as the primary resistance genes in multidrug-resistant group A streptococci in southern Sweden, highlighting the emergence of novel MLS resistance subphenotypes.

The paper discusses molecular detection methods for antimicrobial resistance, focusing on genes like mecA and blaZ, which confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in staphylococci.

The study identified and characterized mef(A) and mef(E) as distinct macrolide efflux genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae, highlighting their different genetic elements and insertion sites.

The study identified erm(B), erm(TR), and mef(A) as key resistance determinants in group A streptococci, with erm(B) being the most prevalent contributor to increased macrolide resistance.

The study identified the presence of mef(A) and erm(B) genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, which confer resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B. Cethromycin demonstrated effective bactericidal activity against both macrolide-susceptible and -resistant isolates.

The study identified a novel efflux system in inducibly erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes strains, distinguishing iMLS-B and iMLS-C phenotypes. The erm(A) gene was associated with high-level resistance, while mef(A) was linked to efflux-mediated resistance.

The study identified mef (A) and mef (E) genes as major contributors to erythromycin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, along with the erm (AM) gene for methylase-mediated resistance.

The study identified erm(A), erm(B), and mef(A) as the primary resistance mechanisms in macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes. A new mutation in the 23S rRNA (T2166C) was associated with telithromycin resistance.

The study identified mef(A) and erm(B) as the primary mechanisms of macrolide resistance in invasive pneumococci in Finland, along with specific ribosomal mutations contributing to resistance.

The study identified various macrolide resistance genes, including mef(A), erm(B), mefA, ermTR, and ermB, in Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from Latin America.

The study identified various macrolide resistance genes, including mef(A), erm(B), mefA, ermTR, and ermB, in Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from Latin America.

The study identified the mefA gene associated with erythromycin resistance and the ermB gene linked to resistance against erythromycin and clindamycin in Streptococcus pyogenes isolates.

The study identified tet(M), erm(B), mef(A), and mef(E) as the primary genes responsible for tetracycline and erythromycin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae strains.

The study identifies CTnGERM1, a conjugative transposon containing the erythromycin resistance gene ermG and the macrolide efflux gene mefA, which were found to confer resistance in Bacteroides and Streptococcus pyogenes.

The study found that azithromycin administration for trachoma control did not significantly increase the prevalence of macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. Only one erythromycin-resistant isolate was identified, which carried the mef gene, indicating resistance due to an efflux pump.

The study identifies the tet(O) gene in erythromycin- and tetracycline-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes strains and shows its linkage with mef(A) or erm(A) genes.

The study identified several AMR genes in group B streptococci, including aac(6')-aph(2"), mefA, ermTR, tetM, and tetO, which confer resistance to aminoglycosides, macrolides, and tetracyclines. These genes were experimentally validated through PCR and susceptibility testing.

The study identifies ermTR, ermB, and mef genes as mediators of erythromycin resistance in beta-hemolytic group G streptococci, highlighting the role of horizontal gene transfer in the spread of resistance.

The study identified the presence of acquired macrolide resistance genes erm(B), erm(C), erm(F), and mef(A) in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis isolates from 1940 to 1987. These genes were found in isolates dating back to 1955 and 1963, demonstrating the long-standing presence of these resistance mechanisms.

The study identifies the reemergence of macrolide resistance in pharyngeal isolates of group A streptococci, with the M phenotype (mef(A)) and MLS B phenotype (erm(A)) being the primary resistance mechanisms.

The study identified multiple mechanisms of resistance to macrolide and lincosamide antibiotics in Streptococcus pyogenes, including erm(A), erm(B), and mef(A) genes.

The study characterizes the MefA, MefE, and msr(D) genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates, demonstrating that these genes confer resistance to macrolides and ketolides. The msr(D) gene was shown to function independently as an efflux pump.

The study identified seven macrolide resistance genes in gram-negative bacteria from healthy Portuguese children, with mef(A) being the most predominant. The genes included mef(A), erm(B), ere(A), ere(B), mph(A), mph(B), and mph(D).

The study identified mef(A) and erm(B) as the predominant macrolide resistance genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, and multiple mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE as the main mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes on plasmids pSC138 and pSCV50 in Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis SC-B67, including blaTEM-1, blaCMY-2, tetRA, strA, aadA2, sulI, sulII, catI, cmlA, aph, sat, mef, mer, ebr, qac, and blaTEM-67. Additionally, mutations in the chromosomal genes gyrA and parC, along with the inactivation of acrR, contribute to ciprofloxacin resistance.

The paper discusses the mechanisms of macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, highlighting the roles of mef(A) and erm(B) genes. These genes confer resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B.

The study identifies erm(B) and mef(A) as the primary mechanisms of macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pyogenes, with a specific H118R mutation in erm(B) linked to telithromycin resistance.

The study identified the presence of macrolide resistance genes mefA, ermB, and ermTR in less than 2% of the emm28 group A Streptococcus strains analyzed.

The study identified mef(E), mef(A), and erm(B) as the primary macrolide resistance mechanisms in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from Finland in 2002, with mef(E) being the most prevalent subtype.

The study identifies that both mef and mel genes are essential for erythromycin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, highlighting a dual efflux pump mechanism that is inducible by erythromycin.

The study identified a novel mef gene subclass, mef(I), in pneumococci with efflux-mediated erythromycin resistance. It also characterized the presence of tet(M) and tet(O) genes contributing to tetracycline resistance in certain isolates.

The study identified mef (E) and mef (A) genes as the primary mechanisms of erythromycin resistance in Streptococcus agalactiae, associated with the mega and Tn 1207.3 genetic elements.

The study identified mef(A), erm(A), and erm(B) genes as major contributors to erythromycin resistance in S. pyogenes isolates, with erm(B) also linked to telithromycin resistance. Additionally, two novel mutations in the 23S rRNA gene (T2136C and T2166C) were associated with resistance to macrolides.

The study identified ermB and mefA genes as major contributors to macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from Japanese patients with community-acquired pneumonia.

The study identified erythromycin resistance genes erm(B), erm(A), and mef(A), and tetracycline resistance gene tet(M) in group B streptococci (GBS) in Italy. Erythromycin resistance was predominantly associated with serotype V and the PFGE type 1/CC1 group.

The study identified erm(B) and mef(A) as the primary macrolide resistance genes in beta-hemolytic viridans group streptococci, with erm(B) being dominant in cMLS B phenotypes and mef(A) in M phenotypes.

The study identified mef(A) and erm(B) as the primary mechanisms of macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, with a significant increase in the prevalence of isolates carrying both genes, leading to multidrug resistance.

The genome of Renibacterium salmoninarum was sequenced, revealing the presence of a beta-lactamase gene (bla) that confers resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics.

The study identified the mef gene as the most common macrolide resistance determinant in macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Finland, with 56% of the isolates carrying this gene.

The study evaluated the in vitro activity of CEM-101 against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Streptococcus pyogenes with defined macrolide resistance mechanisms, identifying erm(B) and mef(A) as key genes responsible for macrolide resistance.

The study identified erm(B), mef(E), mef(A), mel, and msr(D) as key genes responsible for macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, highlighting the role of Tn 916 family transposons in the dissemination of these resistance determinants.

The study identified cefotaxime-resistant Globicatella sanguinis and G. sulfidifaciens strains, with the ermA gene contributing to erythromycin and clindamycin resistance in the invasive strain.

This paper characterizes several beta-lactamases, including TEM-1, SHV-1, CTX-M-15, and NDM-1, which confer resistance to various beta-lactam antibiotics. It also identifies erm(B) and mef(A) as mechanisms of macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B resistance. Additionally, aadA1 and aac(6')-Ib are noted for aminoglycoside resistance, while catA1 and floR contribute to chloramphenicol resistance. The vanA gene is associated with glycopeptide resistance, and mcr-1 is linked to polymyxin resistance.

The study identifies the prevalence of macrolide resistance genes mef(A) and erm(B) in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, highlighting shifts in resistance mechanisms over time.

The study identified mef A, erm B, and erm TR as the primary genes responsible for erythromycin resistance in Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from Mexico and the USA. The M phenotype was linked to mef A, while the cMLS and iMLS phenotypes were associated with erm B and erm TR, respectively.

The study identified high levels of erythromycin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from Asian countries, primarily mediated by the erm(B) and mef(A) genes. It also noted a significant increase in the prevalence of serotype 19A, which was associated with multidrug resistance.

Macrolide resistance in S. pneumoniae in Lebanon is mainly through target site modification (erm(B)) but is also mediated through efflux pumps (mef), with serotype 19F having dual resistance and being the most prevalent and invasive.

The study identifies several AMR genes on the plasmid pAQU1, including bla CARB-9 -like, floR, mef (A)-like, sul2, tet (M), and tet (B), which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as carbenicillin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, erythromycin, sulfonamide, and tetracycline.

The study identified the ermB and tetM genes as the primary factors contributing to erythromycin and tetracycline resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from pediatric patients in Beijing. Additionally, the mec gene was found to be associated with erythromycin resistance.

The study identified erm(B), mef(E), and mef(A) as the primary macrolide resistance determinants in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from Central Greece. erm(B) conferred high-level resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B, while mef(E) and mef(A) were associated with efflux-mediated resistance.

The study identified several resistance genes, including cepA, cfiA, cfxA, tetQ, ermF, and mefA, in anaerobic bacteria isolated from intra-abdominal infections in Japan. A mutation in the gyrA gene was also found to confer resistance to fluoroquinolones.

The study identified the presence of erm(B), mef(A), and tet(M) genes in Enterococcus faecium isolates from hospital and retirement home effluents, contributing to macrolide and tetracycline resistance.

The study identified erythromycin resistance in 12.2% of group C and G streptococci isolates in Chennai, India, with erm(B) being the most common genotype among clinical isolates and mef(A) prevalent among carriers.

The study identified the presence of mefA and ermB genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, which confer resistance to macrolides. These genes were found to be prevalent among certain serotypes, particularly 19F and 23F.

The study identified ermB and mefA genes as the primary mechanisms of macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from Shenzhen, China.

The study identifies mef and erm(B) genes as the primary mechanisms of macrolide resistance in invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from Alaska, with mef being the most prevalent.

The study identified specific emm types associated with macrolide resistance and susceptibility in Group A streptococcal isolates, including the presence of erm(A), erm(B), and mef(A) resistance genes.

The study shows that the mef(A) gene, which encodes an efflux pump, can be transferred via conjugation to various macrolide-susceptible Streptococcus pyogenes strains, leading to erythromycin resistance. Transfer frequencies varied significantly among different emm types.

The study identified the prevalence of inducible clindamycin resistance in staphylococcal isolates, with erm(C) being the most prevalent gene among S. aureus isolates.

The study identifies pAQU group plasmids that can transfer the tetracycline resistance gene tet(M) to E. coli, highlighting their potential role in spreading antibiotic resistance in marine environments.

The study identified ermB and mefA as the primary erythromycin resistance genes in group A β-haemolytic Streptococci in Chengdu, with ermB being the most prevalent.

The study characterizes the conjugative prophage Φ1207.3 carrying the mef(A)/msr(D) genes, which encode efflux pumps responsible for macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pyogenes.

The study demonstrates the transduction of the bacteriophage Φm46.1, which carries the resistance genes mef(A) and tet(O), to various Streptococcus species, confirming its functionality and resistance profiles.

The paper discusses multidrug efflux pumps from various bacterial food pathogens including Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrio cholerae, and Staphylococcus aureus, highlighting their role in multidrug resistance.

The study identifies several AMR genes, including aac(6')-aph(2")-Ia, vanA, vanB, tetM, ermB, aph(3')-IIIa, and sat4, which are associated with resistance to aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, and streptothricin in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis.

The study analyzed invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) isolates from children before and after PCV13 implementation, focusing on strain distributions, resistance features, and genetic characteristics. Key findings include the significant reduction in PCV13-targeted serotypes and the identification of resistance mechanisms associated with specific serotypes and clonal complexes.

The study demonstrates that msr(D) plays a more predominant role in macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pyogenes compared to mef(A), as evidenced by significant reductions in macrolide resistance upon msr(D) knockout and greater resistance conferred by msr(D) gene introduction.

The study shows that multi-drug resistance plasmids pAQU1 and IncFIB can persist in bacterial populations under very low selective pressure, including in non-culturable states. The plasmids retain their resistance genes, such as tet(M), tet(B), floR, mph(A)-like, mef(A)-like, and sul2, which confer resistance to tetracycline, florfenicol, macrolides, and sulfonamides.

The paper discusses various mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, including beta-lactamases like blaKPC, blaNDM, blaIMP, and blaVIM, which confer resistance to carbapenems. It also covers aminoglycoside modifying enzymes such as aac(6')-Ib and aac(6')-I, quinolone resistance proteins like qnr, tetracycline resistance genes such as tet(M) and tet(O), macrolide resistance genes like erm, mefA, and mefE, and efflux pump systems like mexAB-oprM and acrAB-tolC.

The study identified the erm B and mef A genes as the primary mechanisms of macrolide resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae in Wenzhou City, China. The erm B gene was detected in 98.5% of isolates, while the mef A gene was detected in 91.2% of isolates.

The study identifies that the inducible expression of both ermB and ermT genes confers high macrolide resistance in S. gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus isolates from China.

The study identified several AMR genes in environmental isolates of Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 in Haiti, including strA, strB, sul1, sul2, ermA, ermB, and mefA, which confer resistance to streptomycin, sulfonamide, and erythromycin.

The study identifies the presence of tetracycline resistance gene tetM, and macrolide resistance genes mefA and msrD in a nosocomial outbreak of drug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 9V.

The study identified ermB and mef genes as the primary mechanisms of erythromycin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Iran, with ermB being the most common.

The study identifies numerous genes and mutations associated with antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae through genome-wide association studies, highlighting the genetic basis of resistance to penicillin, trimethoprim, cotrimoxazole, erythromycin, and fluoroquinolones.

The study identifies various AMR genes and mutations in Neisseria gonorrhoeae that contribute to resistance against multiple antibiotics, including cefixime, penicillin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline. These findings are supported by WGS and multivariate linear regression models.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in invasive group A streptococci, including ermT, ermB, ermTR, tetM, lsaC, mef, msrD, and mutations in ParC and GyrA that confer resistance to macrolides, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolones.

The study characterizes 15 Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from animals in Spain, identifying macrolide resistance genes mef A and erm B, and tetracycline resistance genes tet M and tet O. Most isolates exhibited the M phenotype for macrolide resistance, while some showed cMLS B or iMLS B phenotypes.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in feedlots and urban wastewater, highlighting the prevalence of sulfonamide, tetracycline, macrolide, fluoroquinolone, and β-lactam resistance genes in different environments.

The study identified numerous antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in antibiotic manufacturing effluents and receiving sediments, highlighting the presence of both known and potentially novel resistance mechanisms. Key findings include the discovery of macrolide resistance genes such as hflx, msr(e), mph(e), mph(g), and mef(c), as well as sulfonamide resistance genes sul1 and sul2, and beta-lactamase genes like bla ges-1, bla veb-9, and bla cm y-10. Additionally, trimethoprim resistance genes dfr14, dfra1, and dfr17 were identified.

The paper discusses the prevalence and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus species, particularly focusing on macrolide, lincosamide, and tetracycline resistance. Key genes identified include erm(B), erm(A), lnuB, lnuD, mefA, mefE, msr, tet(B), tet(K), tet(L), tet(M), tet(O), and tet(S).

The study identified the genes mefA, ermB, ermTR, and tetM as responsible for macrolide and tetracycline resistance in Group A Streptococci in Serbia.

The study identified several AMR genes in GBS isolates from urine in Suzhou, including tetM, ermB, mefE, lnuB, and others, associated with resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, and fluoroquinolones.

The study identifies mef(A) and msr(D) as encoding an ABC efflux transport system responsible for type M macrolide resistance in streptococci.

The study identified the presence of mef(A), msr(D), and lnu(C) genes in Streptococcus pluranimalium TH11417, which confer resistance to erythromycin and lincomycin. These genes are part of a prophage and contribute to the antimicrobial resistance profile of the strain.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, including ermB, mef, folA, and folP, which confer resistance to macrolides, trimethoprim, and penicillin. Mutations in pbp2x and pbp1a are associated with penicillin resistance.

The study presents a rapid RPA assay for detecting the mef(A) gene, which confers resistance to erythromycin and azithromycin in various bacterial species.

The study identifies various antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) associated with multidrug resistance, including macrolide, beta-lactam, tetracycline, and methicillin resistance genes, highlighting the presence of these genes in postmortem microbiome samples.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in commensal Escherichia coli isolates from children and domestic animals in a semirural community in Ecuador. These genes included blaTEM-1B, dfrA8, qnrB19, strA, strB, tetA, tetB, sul1, sul2, and others, contributing to resistance against multiple antibiotics such as ampicillin, trimethoprim, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole. The research highlights the role of plasmids in disseminating these AMR genes and emphasizes the complexity of AMR transmission in such environments.

The study identified several tetracycline, macrolide, aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, sulfonamide, mercury, and biocide resistance genes in beef feedlots, catch basin water, soil, and urban sewage influent. Tetracycline resistance was predominant in beef production systems, while urban sewage influent showed a diverse resistome with resistance to multiple antimicrobial classes.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, including catQ, folA, folP, tetM, mef, and penicillin-binding proteins, indicating resistance to chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, tetracycline, erythromycin, and penicillin.

The paper discusses various antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in antibiotic-producing bacteria and pathogens, focusing on genes and mutations that confer resistance to different classes of antibiotics, including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, macrolides, and others.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the fecal microbiota of dairy calves, highlighting the association between diet and the resistome. Key genes include ermB, lnuC, mefA, tet32, tet40, tetO, tetQ, tetW, and optrA, which confer resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, and tetracyclines, as well as oxazolidinones and phenicols.

Tylosin exposure did not significantly alter the fecal resistome of cattle, but geographical regions influenced resistome composition. Macrolide resistance genes mphB, mefA, and msrD were detected in fecal samples.

The study found that manure application increased the occurrence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the rhizosphere and phyllosphere of cherry radish, but not in the endophytic bacterial microbiota of the root, which is the edible part of the plant.

The study identified 50 unique antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in food waste, compost, and farm products, with a focus on aminoglycoside, tetracycline, and macrolide resistance. Key ARGs included aph(6)-1d, lmrD, mefA, mel, abeM, abeS, adeF, adeG, adeI, adeJ, adeK, emrD, sul2, tetH, tetM, tetO, tetW, and tetX, which were found in various samples and showed resistance to multiple drug classes.

The study identifies specific AMR genes such as tet(M), erm(B), mef(A), msr(D), tet(O), erm(A), ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-III, and erm(T) associated with resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, and aminoglycosides in group A Streptococcus (GAS) strains. These genes are linked to high-frequency resistance in certain emm types, particularly emm11, emm75, emm77, and emm92, which are overrepresented in invasive GAS infections.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the gut of young children in urban Maputo, Mozambique, including aadA1, SHV, ermA, ermB, mefA, tetA, tetB, and others, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, macrolides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones.

The study identified high levels of macrolide and clindamycin resistance in Streptococcus agalactiae isolates from non-pregnant patients in Hungary, with the presence of ermB, ermTR, mef, and linB genes contributing to resistance. The ST-17 hypervirulent clone was prevalent among the isolates.

The study identified macrolide resistance genes erm(B), erm(TR), and mef(A) in Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from Central Greece, with erm(B) and erm(TR) being the primary drivers of resistance.

The study identifies tetracycline and macrolide resistance genes, including tet(M), erm(B), tet(32), mef(A), and msr(D), located on mobile genetic elements in naturally circulating Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates.

The study identifies a large clonal population of macrolide-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes in Iceland, with the majority of isolates harboring the mef(A) and msr(D) genes responsible for macrolide resistance. Additionally, a pbp2x mutation (Met 593 Thr) was found to confer reduced beta-lactam susceptibility.

The study identified the ermB gene in 35.29% of erythromycin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus agalactiae isolates, while the mefA gene was not detected in any isolates.

The study identified ermB and mefA as the primary genes responsible for erythromycin resistance in GAS isolates from Beijing, China.

The study identified resistance genes ermB, mefA, and ermTR in erythromycin and/or clindamycin-resistant Streptococcus agalactiae strains from pregnant women in Brazil.

The study identified AMR genes such as msrD, mefA, ermB, and tetM, along with mutations in pbp1a (S351A), pbp2x (H394L), folA (I100L), and folP (6-bp insertion) associated with resistance to erythromycin, penicillin, and cotrimoxazole in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

The study identified macrolide resistance genes ermA, ermB, and mefA, as well as quinolone resistance mutations in gyrA and parC in Streptococcus agalactiae isolates.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) isolates from a cattle feedlot, including vanC1, vanC2/C3, vanXY-C, VanR, macA, macB, rlmA (II), erm(A), aac(6')-la, blaEC, tet(A), tet(L), S10p, gyrA, gyrB, msbA, S12p, rpoB, mdfA/cmr, liaF, liaR, liaS, bcrC, mprF, pgsA, ef-G, ef-TU, ddl, alr, kasA, isotRNA, inhA, fabl, murA, folA, and Dfr, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as vancomycin, macrolides, aminoglycosides, β-lactams, tetracyclines, quinolones, and others.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in pneumococcal strains from Myanmar, including genes conferring resistance to azithromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and quinolones, as well as mutations in penicillin-binding proteins and DNA gyrase. These findings highlight the spread of AMR in pneumococcal strains in Myanmar.

The study identified high prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica isolates from poultry and environmental samples in Nepal, with tetA, QnrS, mefA, and VIM-1 genes detected.

The study identified several AMR genes associated with erythromycin and clindamycin resistance in invasive non-typeable Group B Streptococcus isolates from Denmark, including mre(A), erm(B), erm(A), mef(A), msr(D), and Isa(C).

The study identifies the emergence of invasive serotype Ib sequence type 10 Group B Streptococcus (GBS) disease in Chinese infants, highlighting the presence of multiple resistance mechanisms including ermB, mefA, lnuB, tetM, and tetO genes, along with fluoroquinolone resistance mediated by mutations in gyrA and parC.

The study identifies several antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in plasmidomes from global sewage samples, highlighting the prevalence of macrolide, lincosamide, streptogramin B, and quinolone resistance genes on plasmids.

The study identified the presence of macrolide resistance genes msr(D) and mef(A) in S. parasuis strains BS26 and BS27, which conferred resistance to erythromycin and azithromycin. Additionally, these strains exhibited resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole despite lacking known resistance genes for this class.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in three multi-drug resistant L. innocua isolates, including tet(M), optrA, fexA, dfrG, lnu(B), lsa(E), ant(6)-Ia, erm(B), aph(3')-IIIa, catA8, lnu(A), msr(D), and mef(A). These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as tetracycline, oxazolidinones, fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim, lincomycin, macrolides, aminoglycosides, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified several AMR genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from Argentina, including ermB, mefA, tet(M), cat, folA, and folP, which confer resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and cotrimoxazole. These genes were validated through molecular characterization and WGS.

The study identified ermB, ermTR, and mefA genes as the primary mechanisms of erythromycin resistance in Group B Streptococcus isolates, with ermB being the most prevalent.

The study identifies tetW and mefA as highly expressed tetracycline and macrolide resistance genes in the rumen of beef cattle, highlighting their significance in the resistome of food-producing animals.

The study identified the presence of erythromycin resistance gene erm(B) and tetracycline resistance gene tet(M) in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from children in Southwest China, highlighting the prevalence of resistance to these antibiotics.

The study identified novel resistance genes against sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine, including accB and recA, along with previously known genes such as msr, mef(A), tetAB(46), and fabK.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Ib/CC12 Streptococcus agalactiae strains, including genes conferring resistance to macrolides, clindamycin, aminoglycosides, tetracycline, and other antibiotics.

The study identified the ermB, mefA, tetM, and pbp2b genes as the genetic basis for erythromycin, tetracycline, and penicillin resistance in multidrug-resistant pneumococci isolated from Ghanaian children.

The study identifies macrolide resistance genes mefA, msrD, ermB, and tetracycline resistance gene tetM in ocular Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates, highlighting the prevalence of resistance to macrolides and tetracycline in this population.

The study found that long-term exposure to azithromycin and erythromycin increased macrolide resistance in oropharyngeal streptococci, with erm(B) and mef genes being significantly upregulated. No evidence of onward transmission of resistance to close contacts was observed.

This review highlights the presence of various antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in bioaerosols, emphasizing their role in the spread of antibiotic resistance through horizontal gene transfer. Key ARGs identified include those conferring resistance to beta-lactams, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, quinolones, and macrolides.

The study developed a SYBR Green-based multiplex qPCR assay to detect antimicrobial resistance genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae, including pbp2b, ermB, and mef, which are associated with resistance to penicillin, erythromycin, and clindamycin.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in Cambodian pneumococcal carriage isolates, including ermB, mefA, cat, tet(M), tet(O), folA, and folP, which confer resistance to erythromycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, trimethoprim, and sulfamethoxazole. These genes were validated through predictive resistance profiling using the CDC-AMR pipeline.

The study identifies that prior exposure to microcystin-LR alters the gut resistome, increasing the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes such as mefA, msrD, mel, tet40, and ant6, which are associated with resistance to macrolides, tetracycline, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified the presence of ermB, mefA, and tetM genes in erythromycin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in northeast China, highlighting the high prevalence of macrolide resistance mediated by these genes.

Single-dose azithromycin increased pneumococcal resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, and oxacillin in the short term, but resistance levels returned to baseline after 6 months.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Enterococcus isolates from various aquatic environments, highlighting the role of anthropogenic pressure in the spread of antibiotic-resistant enterococci.

The study identified 18 AMR genes in non-serotype 2 Streptococcus suis isolates from healthy pigs, including genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, macrolides, lincosamides, tetracyclines, oxazolidinones, nucleosides, and phenicols.

The study characterizes various AMR genes and mutations in Streptococcus suis, highlighting resistance to beta-lactams, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, amphenicols, pleuromutilins, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, and fluoroquinolones.

The study identifies the macrolide resistance gene pair mef(A)-msr(D) carried by the temperate bacteriophage Φ1207.3, which is capable of lysogenizing various streptococcal species.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in metagenomic assemblies from apical periodontal infections, highlighting the presence of multidrug resistance mechanisms in Enterobacter and Pseudomonas species.

The study identified several AMR genes in GBS isolates from pregnant women with PROM in Fuzhou, China, including mreA, ermB, mefA, mefE, ermA, ermTR, tetM, and tetK, which are associated with resistance to erythromycin and tetracycline.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in S. agalactiae isolates from dairy goats in China, including pbp2b, tetL, tetM, tetK, tetO, ermA, ermB, mefA, aphA3, aad6, lnu(B), gryA, and parC, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as penicillins, tetracyclines, macrolides, aminoglycosides, lincosamides, and quinolones.

The study identified erm(B) and mef(A)-msr(D) as common genes conferring resistance to macrolides and clindamycin, while tet(M) was responsible for tetracycline resistance in penicillin non-susceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from HIV patients in Tanzania.

The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in pig manure samples from different regions of Shanxi, China, highlighting the prevalence of tetracycline, aminoglycoside, macrolide, and phenicol resistance genes. Key ARGs included tet(W), tet(40), tet(Q), erm(B), erm(F), mef(A), aph(3')-III, ant(6)-Ia, cfr(C), floR, blaACI-1, optrA, cat, cfxA4, cfxA5, blaCTX-M-105, blaCTX-M-65, fexB, erm(T), mdf(A), and ole(B).

The study identified a variety of antimicrobial resistance genes in the nasopharynx of COVID-19 patients, including beta-lactamases, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, and others. These genes were found to be prevalent in both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients, highlighting the importance of monitoring antimicrobial resistance in the context of the pandemic.

The study identified various AMR genes associated with resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins in Enterococci, including ermB, ermA, ermC, ereA, lnuA, mphC, mefA, and mefE. These genes were found to be highly prevalent and contribute to the resistance mechanisms observed in the isolates.

The study evaluated the effectiveness of a combined probiotic-phage sanitation system (PCHSφ) in reducing microbial contamination and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in hospital environments. PCHSφ significantly reduced staphylococcal contamination and AMR gene prevalence compared to conventional chemical disinfection and PCHS alone.

The study identified the emergence of erythromycin-resistant invasive group A Streptococcus (iGAS) in West Virginia, with a high prevalence of resistance mediated by the ermT, ermA, ermB, and mefA genes. The majority of isolates were resistant to erythromycin and clindamycin, with emm92 and emm11 being the most common emm types.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the oral microbiota, including mefA, msrD, ermB, ermF, cfxA, blaCSP(1), tetM, tetQ, and pgpB, which confer resistance to antibiotics such as erythromycin, azithromycin, penicillin, ampicillin, tetracycline, and colistin. These genes were found in multiple bacterial species and were associated with different resistotypes in healthy, caries, and periodontitis groups.