The study identifies pbp2B gene alterations as a key mechanism of penicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, showing a significant increase in resistance prevalence over ten years in middle Tennessee.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Enterococcus hirae R17, including genes conferring resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics, lincosamides, streptogramins, pleuromutilins, polymyxins, tetracyclines, and others. Notably, the strain exhibited resistance to bacitracin, ciprofloxacin, daptomycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline.

The study identified that meropenem resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 15A-ST63 clones in Japan is primarily due to recombination events involving the pbp1a and pbp2b genes, leading to modifications in penicillin-binding proteins.

The study identified the prevalence of various vaccine candidate proteins in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae, including the novel Pht fusion proteins PhtA/B and PhtA/D. It also characterized resistance mechanisms such as erm(B), mef(A/E), tet(M), and mutations in pbp1a, pbp2x, and pbp2b contributing to macrolide, tetracycline, and penicillin resistance.

The study identifies pbp2b, pbp2x, and pbp1a as key genes contributing to meropenem resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, along with ermB, tetM, and cat as resistance genes. Mutations in PBP2b, PBP2x, and PBP1a were linked to increased meropenem resistance.

In vitro-induced drug resistance in Streptococcus agalactiae (CVCC1886) and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (CVCC3701) resulted in resistance to multiple antibiotics. Resistance genes such as GyrA, GyrB, Pbp1a, and Pbp2b were identified, which conferred resistance to quinolones and beta-lactams. The virulence of the resistant strains was reduced compared to the wild-type strains.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in pneumococcal strains from Myanmar, including genes conferring resistance to azithromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and quinolones, as well as mutations in penicillin-binding proteins and DNA gyrase. These findings highlight the spread of AMR in pneumococcal strains in Myanmar.

The study identified the ermB, mefA, tetM, and pbp2b genes as the genetic basis for erythromycin, tetracycline, and penicillin resistance in multidrug-resistant pneumococci isolated from Ghanaian children.

The study developed a SYBR Green-based multiplex qPCR assay to detect antimicrobial resistance genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae, including pbp2b, ermB, and mef, which are associated with resistance to penicillin, erythromycin, and clindamycin.

The study identifies pbp2x, pbp2b, pbp1a, and murM as the main resistance determinants for amoxicillin resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, demonstrating that the order of allele uptake is important for successful resistance evolution.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in S. agalactiae isolates from dairy goats in China, including pbp2b, tetL, tetM, tetK, tetO, ermA, ermB, mefA, aphA3, aad6, lnu(B), gryA, and parC, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as penicillins, tetracyclines, macrolides, aminoglycosides, lincosamides, and quinolones.

The study identifies several antibiotic resistance genes in the large inversion fragment of S.iniae BH16-24, contributing to its multidrug resistance. These genes include pbp2B, pbp1A, pbp2X, femA, gyrA, oppA, aph, dfrA, and macB, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, and macrolides.

The study identifies the emergence of a multidrug-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 35B-ST156 clone in Japan, characterized by resistance to beta-lactams, macrolides, and co-trimoxazole due to specific genetic mutations and gene acquisitions.

The study identifies pbp2x and pbp2b as key genes involved in beta-lactam resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, with specific mutations contributing to resistance against cefotaxime and piperacillin.

The study developed a seminested-PCR assay targeting the pbp2B gene to detect penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in cerebrospinal fluid, identifying resistance through mutations in the pbp2B gene that alter penicillin-binding protein 2B.

The study demonstrates the acquisition of five high-Mr penicillin-binding protein (PBPs) variants (PBP2x, PBP2a, PBP2b, PBP1a, and PBP1b) during the transfer of high-level beta-lactam resistance from Streptococcus mitis to Streptococcus pneumoniae. These PBPs confer resistance to cefotaxime, oxacillin, and benzylpenicillin.

The study identified multiple penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from Bulgaria, characterizing their resistance mechanisms through molecular techniques. Key findings include the identification of specific penicillin-binding protein genes (pbp1a, pbp2b, pbp2x) and resistance genes (ermB, mefE, tetM, cat) associated with resistance to penicillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol.