The study identified several AMR genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from different geographic locations, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside resistance genes, fosfomycin resistance, chloramphenicol resistance, sulfonamide resistance, quaternary ammonium compound resistance, tetracycline resistance, and others. Indian eye isolates exhibited a higher diversity of resistance genes compared to Australian isolates.

The study identified multiple tetracycline resistance genes, beta-lactamases, and other resistance determinants in E. coli isolates from produce, highlighting the potential for horizontal gene transfer and the significance of the produce microbiome as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes, including aac(6')-Ib, blaOXA-30, catB3, arr-3, qacE, sul1, intI1, armA, msrE, mphE, and blaCTX-M-3, in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Indiana strains in China, highlighting the role of class I integrons in the dissemination of resistance.

The study identifies multiple multidrug resistance plasmids in Salmonella Pullorum, including pSPUR1, pSPUR2, pSPUR3, pSPUR4, and pSPUR5, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as trimethoprim, streptomycin, sulfonamide, and tetracycline.

The study identified several AMR genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from Brazil, including qnrE1, qnrB19, qnrS1, blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-8, blaCMY-2, aadA1, aadA2, aac(3)-IVa, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ib, floR, sul1, sul2, tet(A), tet(B), strA, strB, drfA1, inu(F), qacEdelta1, and fosA7. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones, beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, macrolides, quaternary ammonium compounds, and fosfomycin.

The study identified the qacE gene in 75% of the isolated chlorine-resistant E. coli strains, indicating resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds.

The study identifies known and novel antimicrobial resistance genes using a machine learning approach on pan-genomes of Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. Key findings include the detection of resistance genes such as gyrA, parC, ermC, lmrS, aac(6')-aph(2"), dfrG, tetK, and various beta-lactamases.

The study reports the first autochthonous extensively drug-resistant NDM-1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST235 strain in Italy, highlighting the presence of multiple beta-lactamase genes, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, and multidrug efflux pumps contributing to its extensive drug resistance.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) and mutations in Escherichia coli isolates from various sources in Italy, highlighting the prevalence of resistance to tetracycline, sulfonamide, penicillin, fluoroquinolone, and colistin. Key genes included tetA, sul2, blaTEM-1b, mcr-1, qnrS1, and others, along with mutations in gyrA, parC, parE, and pmrB.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in the multidrug-resistant A. baumannii NCCP 16007 strain, including pmrC, pmrB, blaOXA-23, and various aminoglycoside, tetracycline, and beta-lactam resistance genes, contributing to its high resistance to polymyxin B and other antibiotics.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in APEC isolates, including blaTEM, aac(3)-VIa, aac(3)-VIb, aadA, tetA, tetB, dfr7, qacEΔ, qnr, sul1, intl1, arsC, and merA. These genes conferred resistance to multiple antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, quinolones, sulfonamides, and heavy metals.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes in endophytic ESBL-producing Enterobacterales isolated from fresh vegetables, highlighting their potential role in the spread of antibiotic resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from chronic wounds in Ghana, including beta-lactamases, fosfomycin resistance genes, chloramphenicol resistance genes, aminoglycoside resistance genes, fluoroquinolone resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, sulfonamide resistance genes, trimethoprim resistance genes, and efflux pumps. Mutations in gyrA, parE, and parC were also found to contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The paper discusses the mechanisms of biocide tolerance and antibiotic resistance in bacteria, highlighting the role of mutations, horizontal gene transfer, efflux pumps, membrane alterations, and biofilms in developing resistance to disinfectants and antibiotics. It emphasizes the risks posed by the extensive use of disinfectants during the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential for increased antimicrobial resistance.

The study identifies gene amplifications, including ampC, qacE, and blaTEM, that contribute to heteroresistance in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica. These amplifications increase resistance gene copy numbers, leading to enriched resistant subpopulations under sub-MIC antibiotic conditions.

The study characterizes diverse qac efflux pump sequences from proteobacterial plasmids, highlighting their roles in conferring resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) and identifying distinct antimicrobial resistance profiles among different qac variants.

The study identified the presence of antiseptic resistance genes qacE and qacDeltaE1 in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, indicating resistance to benzalkonium chloride. It also determined the genetic diversity of the isolates using RAPD-PCR.

The study identified various AMR genes in two multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains, ACC001 and ACC002, including aminoglycoside resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, beta-lactamases, and sulfonamide resistance genes. These genes contribute to resistance against multiple antibiotics such as gentamicin, tobramycin, tetracycline, penicillins, cephalosporins, and sulfonamides.

The study identifies various AMR genes and mutations in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, and efflux pumps, contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study identifies several beta-lactamase genes, including blaCTX-M-1, blaKPC-2, blaTEM-350, blaOXA-1, and blaCTX-M-15, as well as various aminoglycoside, macrolide, and tetracycline resistance genes in cefotaxime-resistant E. coli isolates from hospital and urban wastewater. Mutations in parC, parE, and gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates from Kuwait, including beta-lactamases (blaKPC-2, blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, blaCMY-4, blaTEM), aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (aac(3)-IIa, aph(6)-Id, aadA5), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2), quinolone resistance genes (gyrA_D87N, qnrB1), and others. Colistin resistance was linked to the pmrB_R256G mutation.

The study identified the presence of microbicide-resistance genes qacE, qacEΔ1, and cepA in Acinetobacter baumannii strains, which conferred higher tolerance to microbicides, particularly bleach. The presence of these genes was more prevalent in pan-susceptible strains.

The study identified mcr-1.1 and mcr-1.2 variants on IncX4 plasmids in colistin-resistant Salmonella Infantis strains, along with other resistance genes such as blaCTX-M-1, aac(6')-Iaa, tet(A), dfrA1, sul1, and qacE.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in the multi-drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium ms202 strain, including fosA7, sul1, aadA7, aac(6')-laa, tet(A), and qacE, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as fosfomycin, sulfamethoxazole, spectinomycin, amikacin, tetracycline, and disinfectants.

The study identified KPC-2, NDM-1, and IPM-4 carbapenemase genes as the primary contributors to carbapenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from children in China. Additionally, qacE and cepA genes were found to confer resistance to disinfectants.

The study identified several AMR genes in multi-drug resistant E. coli isolates, including bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-65, bla OXA-1, bla OXA-2, bla CMY-2, bla NDM-1, bla NDM-5, aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-IIe, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aad A5, ant(2′′)-Ia, aph(3′′)-Ib, aph(3′′)-VI, aph(6)-Id, ermB, ermD, fosA3, fosA7, mdtM, emrD, sul1, sul2, sul3, tetA, tetB, tetM, dfrA1, dfrA7, dfrA8, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17, dfrA82, dfrB4, qepA, qepA1, qepA2, qepA4, qnrB19, qnrS1, qacE, catA1, catA2, catB3, cmlA1, mphA.

The study identified ten antibiotic resistance genes in the E. coli Rize-53 isolate, including blaOXA-1, blaOXA-2, aac(6')-II, aac(6')-Ib-cr, tetB, catB3, qacE, sitABCD, mdfA, and sul2, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, and quaternary ammonium compounds.

The study identified the presence of qacEΔ1, qacE, qacG, and IntI 1 genes in Enterobacteriaceae, which are associated with chlorhexidine resistance. Enterococci showed resistance to several antibiotics, including erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and vancomycin.

The study describes an extensively drug-resistant (XDR) E. coli ST361 isolate co-carrying bla KPC-3, bla NDM-5, and various other resistance genes on multiple plasmids, showing resistance to nearly all antibiotics except tigecycline, colistin, and fosfomycin.

The study identified the transfer of multi-drug resistance IncN plasmids from environmental waterborne bacteria to E. coli, highlighting the presence of sulfonamide resistance genes sul1 and sul2 in transconjugants.

The study identifies efflux pumps such as QacE, EmrE, and SmfY as responsible for disinfectant resistance in Serratia species, particularly showing that the resistant isolate Serratia sp. HRI has fewer resistance transporters compared to the susceptible strain ATCC 13880.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in E. coli isolates from poultry litter, including groEL, tetA, aadA, aph(3)IA, silP, pcoD, sull, qacEdelta1, iroN, ompTp, and hlyF, which were associated with resistance to multiple antibiotics such as cephalothin, tetracycline, ampicillin, streptomycin, and sulphonamides.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella Heidelberg and Salmonella Minnesota isolates from Brazilian broilers, including bla CMY-2, qnrB19, aac(6')-Iaa, sul2, tet(A), fosA7, qacE, and formA, along with gyrA(S83F) and parC(T57S) mutations conferring resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified several AMR genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from equine and other veterinary samples, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, quinolone resistance genes, sulfonamide resistance genes, phenicol resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, and efflux pumps. Additionally, genes conferring resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds were detected.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in bloodstream E. coli isolates from South-West Nigeria, including bla CTX-M-15, dfrA, dfrB, and various quinolone resistance genes. Mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE were also associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Urinary E. coli plasmids reduce permissivity to coliphage infection. Specific plasmid-encoded genes such as bla TEM-1B, aadA5, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, tet(B), sul2, dfrA17, mph(A), qacE, catB3, traT, and senB contribute to antibiotic resistance and phage resistance.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in the E. coli EQ101 isolate, including genes involved in antibiotic efflux, inactivation, and drug replacement. Key resistance genes include TolC, emrR, evgA, qacEdelta1, H-NS, cpxA, mdtM, aadA5, mphA, CTX-M-15, sul1, and dfrA14.

The study reports the first detection of blaNDM-1-positive Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST308 in Greece, highlighting the presence of multiple resistance genes including blaNDM-1, blaPAO, blaOXA-10, blaOXA-488, and others, indicating multidrug resistance.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in multidrug-resistant E. coli strains isolated from human clinical, animal, and environmental sources in Tamaulipas, Mexico. These genes include beta-lactamases (bla CTX-M-15, bla OXA-1, bla TEM-1B, bla CMY-2), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aac3-IIa), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul2, sul3), phenicol resistance gene (catB3), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B)), quaternary ammonium resistance genes (qacE, qacL), macrolide resistance genes (mdfA, mphA), and quinolone resistance gene (qnrB).

The study identifies multiple AMR genes in blaNDM-1-positive Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, sulfonamide resistance genes, macrolide resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, trimethoprim resistance genes, and quaternary ammonium resistance genes.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from catheter-associated urinary tract infections in Egypt, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, quinolone resistance proteins, and efflux pump systems. Additionally, a pBT2436-like megaplasmid was detected, which contributes to multidrug resistance.

The study characterizes the genetic structure of plasmids harboring major carbapenemase genes (blaKPC, blaNDM, blaOXA-48, and blaGES) in Klebsiella pneumoniae, identifying the most prevalent allele types and their co-occurrence with other resistance genes.

The study identified various AMR genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates, including blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1B, blaOXA-1, and others, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, macrolides, and quinolones. Additionally, chromosomal mutations in gyrA and parC were found to contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes carried on IncF plasmids in MDR ExPEC strains, including bla TEM-1, aac(3)-IId, tet(A), aph(6)-Id, aph(3')-Ib, mphA, sul1, sul2, aadA5, dfrA17, strAB, qacEdelta1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, catB3, bla OXA-1, bla CTX-M-27, and aac(6')-Ib-cr5. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and chloramphenicol.

The study identifies tet(X4) and tmexCD1-toprJ1 as key genes contributing to tigecycline resistance in E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates from hospital sewage, highlighting the role of plasmid-mediated resistance and efflux pump overexpression.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from retail meat products in North Carolina, including aac(3)-IV, aadA1, aph(3'')-lb, blaTEM-1, tetB, and others, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant E. coli in ground turkey.

The study identified two NDM-5-producing K. pneumoniae ST11 isolates from a single patient, highlighting the presence of multiple acquired antimicrobial resistance genes, including blaNDM-5, blaCTX-M-15, and rmtB, along with other resistance determinants.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations in ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolated from a rural environmental water body in India, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains with genes such as bla VEB-6, bla SHV-12, bla NDM-1, bla CTX-M, and mcr-9, along with mutations in ompK 36 and gyrA.

The study identifies 54 AMR genes and three AMR gene cassettes in the plasmid-free, highly drug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Indiana isolate S1467, contributing to resistance against multiple antimicrobial classes.

The study identified nine resistance genes, including aac(6')-Iaa, sul1, qacE, blaOXA-129, tet(B), and aadA1, as well as a point mutation in ParC (T57S) associated with quinolone resistance in Salmonella Mbandaka ST413 strains.

The study identified the presence of several antimicrobial resistance genes, including bla BP/MBL-3, bla OXA-42/43, qacE, penA-BP, and bla TEM, in Burkholderia mallei and B. pseudomallei strains using ARDM and PCR. The detection of bla TEM in these species is reported for the first time.

The study identified mecA, SalA, and qacE as antibiotic resistance genes in Mammaliicoccus sciuri and Staphylococcus gallinarum isolates from Hipposideros bats in Nigeria, highlighting the potential for these bacteria to act as reservoirs of resistance genes.

The study characterizes the horizontal transfer of ColV plasmids in bla(CTX-M)-bearing avian E. coli, identifying multiple resistance genes and virulence factors associated with these plasmids.

The study identified several AMR genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from urban environmental water sources in Accra, Ghana, highlighting the presence of beta-lactamases (blaTEM-1B, blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1C, blaDHA-1, blaOXA-1, blaOXA-181), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul2, sul1), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aph(6)-Id, aadA2, mph(A)), quinolone resistance gene (qnrS1), tetracycline resistance gene (tet(B)), chloramphenicol resistance gene (catA1), dihydrofolate reductase (dfrA14), and others.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from patients and the hospital environment, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1B, bla OXA-1, and various aminoglycoside, macrolide, tetracycline, sulfonamide, and trimethoprim resistance genes. Additionally, PMQR genes like qnrS1, qnrB19, qnrB4, and qepA4 were detected, contributing to quinolone resistance.

The study identifies mcr-8 and mcr-9 genes in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae complex isolates from Thailand, highlighting their role in colistin resistance. It also characterizes additional AMR genes such as bla NDM-1, bla IMP-14, and various other resistance determinants.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes, including blaTEM-1B, qnrS1, sul2, tet(A), aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, dfrA14, blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-88, catA1, qacE, sul1, and tet(B), which are associated with multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi strains.

The study identified five tetracycline resistance genes (tet(32), tet(40), tet(W), tet(Q)) and one trimethoprim resistance gene (dfrF) that were significantly more abundant in human microbiomes compared to lemur microbiomes. These genes were found to be highly conserved between human and lemur microbiomes.

The study identifies the NDM-1-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST357 as an extensively drug-resistant strain with a unique resistome, highlighting the importance of tracking the origin of such isolates through genomic epidemiology.

The study identified multiple AMR genes, including blaDIM-1, qacE, and various efflux pump genes, in bacterial isolates from hospital disinfectants, indicating their adaptation to survive in disinfectant environments.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in pan-drug resistant Proteus mirabilis isolates, including genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and others. These genes were found on the chromosome and contributed to the isolates' resistance to various antibiotic classes.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes on plasmids and chromosomes of Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from fresh produce, highlighting the diversity of resistance mechanisms and the potential for horizontal gene transfer.

The study identified non-carbapenemase β-lactamase genes and chromosomal mutations, including missense mutation or loss of ompK36 porin and frameshift missense mutation in efflux pump systems, as potential mechanisms of carbapenem resistance in NC-CRKP.

The study identified several carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CR Ab) isolates from high-touch surfaces in Fijian hospitals, revealing the presence of resistance genes such as bla OXA-23, bla NDM-1, and others, along with mutations in genes like parC and gyrA, contributing to resistance against multiple antibiotics.

H. pylori eradication led to the enrichment of various AMR genes, including beta-lactamases, macrolide phosphotransferases, erythromycin ribosome methyltransferases, sulfonamide resistance proteins, tetracycline efflux pumps, dihydrofolate reductase, quaternary ammonium compound efflux pumps, and aminoglycoside phosphotransferases. Additionally, genomic mutations in parC, parE, and gyrA were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in E. coli.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella Enteritidis isolates from Spain, including beta-lactamases, quinolone resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, and aminoglycoside resistance genes. Chromosomal mutations in the gyrA gene were also found to contribute to quinolone resistance.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella strains isolated from broiler litter, including aadA1, aac(3)-IV, aph(3′)-Ia, aph(4)-Ia, dfrA14, floR, sul1, tetA, sul2, merRTPCA, qacE, aph(3″)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, pcoABCDRE, silP, and silE. These genes were found on various plasmids and contributed to resistance against multiple antibiotics such as streptomycin, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, mercury, quaternary ammonium compounds, copper, and silver.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, including bla TEM, bla SHV, bla CTX-M, and bla OXA families, as well as aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, and sulfonamide resistance genes. Effluent isolates showed fewer resistance genes and lower resistance levels compared to clinical isolates.

The study identified multiple beta-lactamase genes, including bla SHV, bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1B, and bla OXA-1, as well as a variety of other resistance genes such as aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA1, qnrB1, qnrB4, qnrB2, qnrB19, sul2, sul1, dfrA14, dfrA15, OqxA, OqxB, fosA, qacE, tetA, and tetD. Mutations in ompK36 and ompK37 were also found to contribute to reduced susceptibility to cephalosporins and carbapenems.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes, including bla NDM−1, bla VIM−1, bla OXA−48, and bla KPC−2, in cefiderocol-resistant isolates from German hospital wastewater, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant pathogens with diverse resistance mechanisms.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes, including bla NDM−1, bla VIM−1, bla OXA−48, and bla KPC−2, in cefiderocol-resistant isolates from German hospital wastewater, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant pathogens with diverse resistance mechanisms.

The study identifies 42 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in the pan-drug resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate KPNW, including beta-lactamases (bla CTX-M-15, bla NDM-1, bla OXA-1, bla TEM-63, bla TEM-104, bla SHV-28), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A)), and efflux pump genes (oqxA, oqxB, marA, marR, ompK37, pbp3, crp, h-ns, kpnG, kpnH, parC, rsmA). Additionally, the isolate shows resistance to polymyxin B and colistin through modifications in lipid A (eptB, arnT, lptD, msbA, vanG) and other mechanisms.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in E. coli isolates from both humans and pets, including blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1B, and mutations in gyrA and parC. These findings highlight the presence of multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales in healthy individuals and their companion animals.

The study identifies multiple acquired antimicrobial resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii International Clone 12, including bla OXA-23, bla GES-11, bla GES-12, bla GES-22, bla GES-35, bla CARB-16, bla CARB-49, aphA6a, aadB, strA, strB, cmlA1, aadA2b, sul1, drfA7, dfrA1, qacE, tet(B), tet(X3), msr(E), mph(E), bla TEM-1B, and aacC3. These genes contribute to resistance against various antibiotics, highlighting the complexity of resistance mechanisms in this clone.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) in hospital wastewaters across Lebanon, highlighting the prevalence of resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and glycopeptides.

The study identified bla TEM and bla CTX-M as the most common β-lactam resistance genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from broiler farms in the UAE, with bla CTX-M-55 and bla CTX-M-15 being the prevalent variants. Additionally, the mcr-1.1 gene was detected in 10.3% of isolates, indicating colistin resistance.