Browse AMR Genes
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
small multidrug resistance (SMR) antibiotic efflux pump
Overview
| Allele | Database | Papers | Drug Classes | Organisms | Countries | Years | Sequence Accession | Protein Accession |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| qacH | Card DatabaseReslit | 20 | quaternary ammonium compounds, benzalkonium chloride +3 | Staphylococcus saprophyticus +22 | India, Australia, Massachusetts, USA, South Africa, China, Germany, Colombia, Brazil, United States, Quebec, Canada, Egypt | 2009, 2013, 2014, 2017, 2019, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2025 | Y16945.1 | CAA76544.1 |
| qac H | Reslit | 1 | quaternary ammonium compounds | Enterobacteriaceae | United States|Virginia | 2021 | - | - |
Diversity and evolution of the small multidrug resistance protein family.
The study explores the diversity and evolution of the small multidrug resistance (SMR) protein family, identifying three subclasses (SMP, SUG, PSMR) and analyzing their distribution, selective pressures, and evolutionary relationships. Key findings include the identification of novel SMR members and their functional characteristics in resisting quaternary ammonium compounds.
Into the wild: dissemination of antibiotic resistance determinants via a species recovery program.
Class 1 integrons containing gene cassettes encoding resistance to streptomycin, spectinomycin, and trimethoprim were detected in captive brush-tailed rock wallabies, suggesting acquisition from human or domestic animal sources.
Tn6188 - a novel transposon in Listeria monocytogenes responsible for tolerance to benzalkonium chloride.
The study identifies Tn6188, a novel transposon in Listeria monocytogenes that confers tolerance to benzalkonium chloride (BC). The transposon contains the qacH gene, which encodes a small multidrug resistance (SMR) transporter. Experimental evidence shows that strains carrying Tn6188 exhibit higher BC MICs compared to strains without Tn6188, and qacH expression increases in the presence of BC. Deletion of qacH reduces BC resistance.
Detection of benzalkonium chloride resistance in community environmental isolates of staphylococci.
The study identified several qac genes (qacA/B, qacC, qacG, qacH, and qacJ) associated with benzalkonium chloride (BC) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) resistance in community environmental isolates of staphylococci.
Bacterial Resistance to Quaternary Ammonium Compounds (QAC) Disinfectants
The study identified several QAC resistance genes, including qacA, qacB, smr, qacG, qacH, and qacJ, which confer resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds in Staphylococcus aureus. These genes were experimentally validated through PCR and MIC testing.
Examination of Quaternary Ammonium Compound Resistance in Proteus mirabilis Isolated from Cooked Meat Products in China.
The study identified quaternary ammonium compound resistance genes, including mdfA, ydgE/ydgF, qacE, qacEΔ1, emrE, sugE(c), sugE(p), and qacH, in foodborne Proteus mirabilis isolates. It also discovered non-classic class 1 integrons carrying the gene structure qacH-IS440-sul3, which were located on conjugative plasmids, facilitating the co-dissemination of antimicrobial and disinfectant resistance genes.
Biocide-Tolerant Listeria monocytogenes Isolates from German Food Production Plants Do Not Show Cross-Resistance to Clinically Relevant Antibiotics.
The study identified genes such as qacH, emrC, and bcrABC that confer benzalkonium chloride tolerance in L. monocytogenes isolates from German food production plants. These genes were found in 13 out of 15 BAC-tolerant isolates, and no significant association was found between biocide tolerance and antibiotic resistance.
Bogotá River anthropogenic contamination alters microbial communities and promotes spread of antibiotic resistance genes.
The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in water samples from the Bogotá River and hospital wastewaters, indicating the spread of resistance due to anthropogenic contamination.
Exploring antibiotic resistance in environmental integron-cassettes through intI-attC amplicons deep sequencing.
The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in environmental integron-cassettes from the Velhas River, including clinically relevant genes such as blaGES-5, aacA7, dfrA21, qacH, emrE, fosB3, and novA. These genes were associated with various resistance mechanisms, primarily efflux pumps and inactivation.
Biocide-tolerance and antibiotic-resistance in community environments and risk of direct transfers to humans: Unintended consequences of community-wide surface disinfecting during COVID-19?
The paper discusses the mechanisms of biocide tolerance and antibiotic resistance in bacteria, highlighting the role of mutations, horizontal gene transfer, efflux pumps, membrane alterations, and biofilms in developing resistance to disinfectants and antibiotics. It emphasizes the risks posed by the extensive use of disinfectants during the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential for increased antimicrobial resistance.
Evaluation of Metagenomic-Enabled Antibiotic Resistance Surveillance at a Conventional Wastewater Treatment Plant.
The study evaluated the resistome in a conventional wastewater treatment plant, identifying several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) such as bla OXA-210, bla OXA-212, bla OXA-309, bla OXA-333, qnr S2, sul 1, sul 2, erm B, aac (6′)-Ib7, aac (6′)-Ib8, mph D, msr E, ade J, ade K, mex K, mtr A, sme R, oqx B, qac H, and others. These genes were found to confer resistance to various antibiotics, highlighting the importance of monitoring ARGs in wastewater treatment processes.
Chicken Manure and Mushroom Residues Affect Soil Bacterial Community Structure but Not the Bacterial Resistome When Applied at the Same Rate of Nitrogen for 3 Years.
The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in chicken manure, mushroom residues, and heat-treated chicken manure, highlighting the impact of different organic manures on the soil resistome. Key findings include the enrichment of specific ARGs such as aadE, aadD, qacE1, qacH, lnuA, vatE, and tetL in soils treated with various manures, indicating the potential for ARG transfer through manure application.
Characterization of Proteobacterial Plasmid Integron-Encoded qac Efflux Pump Sequence Diversity and Quaternary Ammonium Compound Antiseptic Selection in Escherichia coli Grown Planktonically and as Biofilms.
The study characterizes diverse qac efflux pump sequences from proteobacterial plasmids, highlighting their roles in conferring resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) and identifying distinct antimicrobial resistance profiles among different qac variants.
Integrative Assessment of Reduced Listeria monocytogenes Susceptibility to Benzalkonium Chloride in Produce Processing Environments.
The study identifies bcrABC, qacH, and emrE as genes conferring resistance to benzalkonium chloride in Listeria monocytogenes, highlighting their prevalence in isolates from produce processing environments.
The resistomes of Mycobacteroides abscessus complex and their possible acquisition from horizontal gene transfer.
The study identifies numerous AMR genes in Mycobacteroides abscessus complex, highlighting the widespread presence of resistance to multiple antibiotic classes, including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, and others. Key findings include the detection of beta-lactamases like blaLAP-1 and blaTLA-2, 23S rRNA methyltransferases such as erm(33), erm(43), and erm(44), and various aminoglycoside modifying enzymes. Additionally, vancomycin resistance genes like vanA, vanB, and vanC were identified, along with efflux pump genes contributing to multidrug resistance.
Genomic Characterization of a Tetracycline-Resistant Strain of Brochothrix thermosphacta Highlights Plasmids Partially Shared between Various Strains.
The study identifies three plasmids in the tetracycline-resistant strain B. thermosphacta BT469, including pBT469-2 carrying the tet(L) gene responsible for tetracycline resistance and pBT469-1 containing the tetR and qacH genes.
Antiseptics and mupirocin resistance in clinical, environmental, and colonizing coagulase negative Staphylococcus isolates.
The study identified several antiseptic resistance genes (qacA/B, smr, qacG, qacH, qacJ), mupirocin resistance genes (mupA, mupB), and methicillin resistance gene (mecA) in coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (CoNS) isolates. High prevalence of antiseptic resistance was observed in CoNS isolates from healthcare workers, while antibiotic resistance was more prevalent in clinical infection samples.
Uncovering the hidden threat: The widespread presence of chromosome-borne accessory genetic elements and novel antibiotic resistance genetic environments in Aeromonas.
The study identifies novel antibiotic resistance genes, including blaVEB-1, tetA(E), and mcr-3.15, in clinical isolates of Aeromonas, highlighting the presence of chromosome-borne accessory genetic elements and new resistance mechanisms.
Research of antimicrobial resistance and its associated genes distribution in Escherichia coli from diarrheic calves in the Ulagai region of China.
The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in E. coli isolates from diarrheic calves in the Ulagai region of China, including sul2, TEM-1, tetR, strB, QacH, floR, and CTXM-55, which were associated with resistance to various antibiotics.
Research of antimicrobial resistance and its associated genes distribution in Escherichia coli from diarrheic calves in the Ulagai region of China.
The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in E. coli isolates from diarrheic calves in the Ulagai region of China, including sul2, TEM-1, tetR, strB, QacH, floR, and CTXM-55, which were associated with resistance to various antibiotics.
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