The study characterizes the IncP-6 plasmid Rms149, identifying several AMR genes including aac(3)-I, aadA5, intI1, qacEΔ1, and sul1, which confer resistance to gentamicin, streptomycin, spectinomycin, quaternary ammonium compounds, and sulfonamide, respectively.

The study characterizes two novel IncFII-type multidrug-resistant plasmids, p0716-KPC and p12181-KPC, from Klebsiella pneumoniae. These plasmids carry multiple resistance genes, including blaKPC-2, mph(A), strAB, aacC2, qacEΔ1, sul1, sul2, dfrA25, aphA1a, and blaTEM-1, contributing to resistance against various antibiotics.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including sul1, sul2, floR, aadA1, aac(6')-Ib, blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaPSE, blaNDM-1, qacEΔ1, pcoA/copA, chrB, and pcoR, in bacterial isolates from seafood. These genes conferred resistance to sulfonamides, phenicols, aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, and heavy metals.

The study identified quaternary ammonium compound resistance genes, including mdfA, ydgE/ydgF, qacE, qacEΔ1, emrE, sugE(c), sugE(p), and qacH, in foodborne Proteus mirabilis isolates. It also discovered non-classic class 1 integrons carrying the gene structure qacH-IS440-sul3, which were located on conjugative plasmids, facilitating the co-dissemination of antimicrobial and disinfectant resistance genes.

The study identified the bacterial hosts of four resistance-associated genes (tetM, int1, qacEΔ1, and blaOXA-58) in wastewater treatment plant influent and effluent using epicPCR, revealing variations in host range between the two stages.

The study identified CTX-M1, TEM, and SHV as the predominant ESBL genes in MDR uropathogenic E. coli, along with class 1 integrons carrying intI1, qacEΔ1, and sul1.

The study identifies the floR gene as a major contributor to florfenicol resistance in Enterobacteriaceae, particularly in Leclercia adecarboxylata strain R25. Other resistance genes such as mdfA, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aadA16, qnrB6, sul1, dfrA27, arr-3, and qacEΔ1 were also characterized.

The study identified the presence of qacEΔ1 and cepA genes in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli strains, which are associated with increased resistance to chlorhexidine and PVP-I.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in ESBL-producing bacteria from Norwegian freshwater environments, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains with resistance to various antibiotics including beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and sulfonamides.

The study identifies the rep gene as essential for the replication of Salmonella Genomic Island 1 (SGI1) in the presence of IncC plasmids. The rep gene, encoding a putative replication initiator protein, is necessary for SGI1 replication, and its deletion leads to a significant reduction in SGI1 copy number.

The study identifies several AMR genes in a multi-drug-resistant Shigella flexneri strain, including bla DHA, bla OXA-1, tet(B), catA1, dfrA1, mph(A), ermB, qnrB, aadA, and qacEΔ1, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, macrolides, quinolones, aminoglycosides, and quaternary ammonium compounds.

The study identifies the presence of the blaCARB-2 gene along with other resistance genes such as aac(6')-Iaa, aadA2b, sul1, tetG, floR, and qacEΔ1 in multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium ST19 strains.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from a Red Kangaroo, including beta-lactamases (bla DHA–3, bla SHV–1, bla CTX–M–14, bla TEM–191, bla TEM–1, bla CTX–M–3), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aph(3″)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, aadA16, arr-3), quinolone resistance genes (qnrS1, qnrB2), macrolide resistance gene (mphA), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul3, sul1), dihydrofolate reductase (dfrA3, dfrA27), chloramphenicol resistance gene (floR), tetracycline resistance genes (tetG, tetR), and multidrug efflux pump (qacEΔ1).

The study identified seven trimethoprim-resistance genes, including dfrA17 and dfrA12, along with bla CTX-M-15 and bla CTX-M-14, which are associated with extended-spectrum beta-lactam resistance. Additionally, the study found chrA, qacEΔ1, and other resistance genes in the analyzed isolates.

The study identifies several AMR genes carried by clinically relevant plasmids, including blaOXA-48, qnrS1, blaSHV-12, aac(6')-Ib3, blaVEB-9, qnrVC-1, sul1, tetA', tetC, dfrA1, dfrA23, blaVIM-1, aadA1, qacEΔ1, blaBEL-1, blaGES-5, blaIMP-8, and blaFOX-8. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics, and the study highlights the collateral sensitivity associated with the acquisition of these plasmids.

The study identified the qacEΔ1 gene as a factor associated with resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds in E. coli isolates from commercial broiler chicken barns.

The paper discusses the mechanisms of biocide tolerance and antibiotic resistance in bacteria, highlighting the role of mutations, horizontal gene transfer, efflux pumps, membrane alterations, and biofilms in developing resistance to disinfectants and antibiotics. It emphasizes the risks posed by the extensive use of disinfectants during the COVID-19 pandemic and the potential for increased antimicrobial resistance.

The study characterizes diverse qac efflux pump sequences from proteobacterial plasmids, highlighting their roles in conferring resistance to quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) and identifying distinct antimicrobial resistance profiles among different qac variants.

The study identifies a novel plasmid-encoded VIM-2-producing Pseudomonas stutzeri strain, ZDHY95, with a complex genetic arrangement including a novel class I integron In1998 and various resistance genes such as blaVIM-2, aacA3, aadA13, cmlA8, blaOXA-246, arr3, dfrA27, qacEΔ1, sul1, aacA4'-30, aacA4', qnrVC1, catB11, blaCARB-4.

The study found that upregulation of abeM, amvA, and qacEΔ1 efflux pump genes is associated with resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii strains to disinfectants such as MICROZED ID-MAX, NANOSIL D2, and OPIDEX OPA.

The study identified Klebsiella variicola and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains carrying multiple resistance genes, including bla KPC-2, bla TEM-1A, bla LEN17, aadA16, arr-3, qnrB4, oqxA/B, dfrA27, sul1, tetD, fosA, qacEΔ1, bla CTX-M-3, bla TEM-1B, bla CTX-M-65, bla SHV-27, aac(6')-IIa, rmtB, aph(3')-Ia, aadA16, qnrS1, aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrB91, oqxA/B, mph(A), tet(A), fosA, dfrA27, and two copies of qacEΔ1-sul1.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in Australian E. coli ST131 isolates, including bla CTX-M-15 and bla CTX-M-27 for beta-lactam resistance, aadA5, strA, strB, mphA, dfrA17, sul1, qacEΔ1, and chrA for resistance to aminoglycosides, macrolides, trimethoprim, sulfonamides, quaternary ammonium compounds, and chromate. Fluoroquinolone resistance mutations in gyrA and parC were also found.

The study identified the presence of microbicide-resistance genes qacE, qacEΔ1, and cepA in Acinetobacter baumannii strains, which conferred higher tolerance to microbicides, particularly bleach. The presence of these genes was more prevalent in pan-susceptible strains.

The study identified several AMR genes in K. pneumoniae isolates from Kenya, including blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-181, blaOXA-181, blaNDM-1, mcr-8, armA, rmtF, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3")-ib, aph(6)-id, dfrA, sul2, qnrB, tetA, and catII, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified the presence of qacEΔ1, qacE, qacG, and IntI 1 genes in Enterobacteriaceae, which are associated with chlorhexidine resistance. Enterococci showed resistance to several antibiotics, including erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and vancomycin.

The study identified the transfer of multi-drug resistance IncN plasmids from environmental waterborne bacteria to E. coli, highlighting the presence of sulfonamide resistance genes sul1 and sul2 in transconjugants.

The study identifies a wide array of antimicrobial resistance genes in retail food samples, highlighting the significant role of Enterobacteriaceae in carrying these resistance determinants. The targeted resistome sequencing approach effectively detects and characterizes these genes, demonstrating its superiority over traditional shotgun metagenomics.

The study reports the first identification of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains producing both NDM-5 and OXA-181 carbapenemases in pediatric patients in China, highlighting the potential for rapid dissemination of these resistance genes.

The study identified various AMR genes in Aeromonas strains isolated from ready-to-eat seafood, including beta-lactamases (bla OXA-12, bla OXA-780, bla OXA-427, bla OXA-956, cphA1, cphA2, cphA5), quinolone resistance gene qnrS2, sulfonamide resistance gene sul1, aminoglycoside resistance gene aadA1, tetracycline efflux pump tet(E), and efflux pump qacEΔ1.

The study identifies 23 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in a multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Agona isolate from a dietary supplement in Germany, conferring resistance to 12 different antibiotic classes. Key genes include blaSHV-12, aac(3)-Iig, aac(6')-Iic, aadA2, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, dfrA19, qacEΔ1, ere(A), sul1, sul2, tet(D), mcr-9.1, catA2, arr, qnrS1, blaTEM-1, aac(3)-IIe, and floR.

The study identified the disinfectant resistance genes qacEΔ1 and cepA in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, highlighting their association with increased antimicrobial resistance.

The study characterizes various AMR genes in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, including blaOXA-23, blaPER-7, blaGES-11, blaGES-35, aph(3')-VI, aac(6')-Ib, sul1, sul2, mph(E), msr(E), armA, strA, strB, cmlA5, arr-2, ant(3'')-II, aadA1-pm, tet(B), tet(39), qacEΔ1, and dfrA7.

The study characterizes the diversity of T4SS-encoding plasmids in Acinetobacter, identifying various antibiotic resistance genes such as blaOXA-23, blaOXA-82, blaGES-11, aph(3')-VIa, aadA2, sul1, dfrA7, cmlA1, and qacEΔ1, highlighting their role in multidrug resistance.

The study identified numerous antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in uropathogenic E. coli isolates, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and quinolone resistance genes. Mutations in gyrA, parC, parE, and marR were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance, while mutations in PmrB, CyaA, GlpT, PtsI, and UhpT were linked to fosfomycin resistance.

The study identifies the first detection of high-level aminoglycoside-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Enterobacter cloacae isolates in Uruguay, carrying 16S rRNA methyltransferases (rmtB, rmtC, rmtD) along with carbapenemase genes (bla NDM-5, bla NDM-1).

The study characterizes various resistance genes carried by incompatible plasmids in Gram-negative bacteria, highlighting their role in the spread of antibiotic resistance. Key genes include beta-lactamases like bla VIM-1, bla SHV-12, bla TEM-1B, and bla CTX-M-15, as well as sulfonamide resistance genes sul1 and sul2, tetracycline resistance gene tetA, and polymyxin resistance gene mcr-1.

The study identified multiple beta-lactamase genes, including bla NDM-1, bla PER-3, and bla OXA-1, along with other resistance genes such as aac(6′)-Ib-cr6, aph(3″)-Ib, and floR, which contribute to resistance against various antibiotics in Aeromonas isolates.

The study reports the first isolation of multidrug-resistant and pathogenic Plesiomonas shigelloides from the endangered crested ibis, highlighting the presence of resistance genes such as blaTEM, aac(6')-Ib3, aac(6')-Ib-cr, mph(A), arr-2, tet(A), qacEΔ1, dfrA1, and sulI.

The study characterizes the XDR plasmid p1AB5075, which harbors multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including blaGES-11, aac(6')-Ib10, ant(2")-Ia, aadA2, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6)-Id, cmlA1, dfrA7, sul1, and qacEΔ1, conferring resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, and sulfonamides. The plasmid was successfully transferred to genetically diverse Acinetobacter strains, highlighting its potential for spreading resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi isolates from children, including bla_CTXM15, bla_TEM1B, qnrS1, aac6'Ia, catA1, dfrA7, sul1, qacEΔ1, and the gyrA_S83F mutation, which are associated with resistance to various antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, and sulfamethoxazole.

The study identified several extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL) genes, including bla CTX-M, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-3, bla TEM, and bla CMY-2, in ESBL-producing Escherichia coli isolates from wastewater treatment plants in Hatay Province, Türkiye. Additionally, quinolone resistance genes such as aac(6)-Ib, qnrA, and qnrB, and disinfectant resistance genes like qacEΔ1, ydgE, ydgF, mdfA, emrE, sugE(c), and sugE(p) were also detected.

The study identified seasonal enrichment of bla CTX-M-3 in autumn isolates and qacEΔ1 in winter isolates, indicating the importance of environmental and seasonal factors in the spread of multidrug-resistant pathogens in ICU settings.