The study identifies two mechanisms of sulfonamide resistance in Haemophilus influenzae: acquisition of the sul2 gene and a 15-bp insertion in the chromosomal folP gene.

The study identifies a novel plasmid-borne antibiotic resistance gene cluster in Pasteurella multocida, including sul2 for sulfonamide resistance, strA and strB for streptomycin resistance, and tet(H) for tetracycline resistance.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella isolates from cats, including blaTEM, cat, sul2, tet(A), and dfrA1, which confer resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, tetracycline, and trimethoprim, respectively.

The study identified a new dfr gene, dfrA22, in a class 1 integron, which contributes to trimethoprim resistance in co-trimoxazole-resistant Gram-negative bacteria.

The study identified multiple multidrug-resistant commensal E. coli isolates in children from Peru and Bolivia, highlighting the prevalence of resistance genes such as blaTEM, tet(A), tet(B), dfrA8, sul1, sul2, and catI.

The study identifies the spread of Escherichia coli strains with high-level resistance to cefotaxime and ceftazidime, primarily due to the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) such as CTX-M-15, CTX-M-14, and CTX-M-32. Additionally, other resistance genes like tetA, dfrA14, dfrA17, sul1, sul2, aac(6')Ib, and aac(3)IIb were found to contribute to multidrug resistance.

The study identifies the plasmid pK245 carrying the qnrS quinolone resistance gene and the blaSHV-2 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase gene, along with other resistance genes such as aacC2, strA, strB, catA2, sul2, tetD, and dfrA14, which confer resistance to multiple antimicrobial classes in Klebsiella pneumoniae.

The study identified various acquired antibiotic resistance genes in commensal E. coli isolates from a remote community with minimal antibiotic exposure, including blaTEM, catI, cmlA6, tet(A), tet(B), dfrA1, dfrA7, dfrA8, dfrA17, sul1, sul2, aphA1, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aadB, and sat-1. These genes were found to be similar to those seen in antibiotic-exposed settings, indicating the dissemination of resistant bacteria and resistance genes from such environments.

The study characterizes multiple-drug resistance plasmids from Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, identifying genes conferring resistance to kanamycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, sulfonamide, and trimethoprim.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in the multidrug-resistant E. coli isolate SMS-3-5, including beta-lactamase blaT, aminoglycoside resistance genes aadA and aph, sulfonamide resistance gene sul2, trimethoprim resistance gene dhfrV, chloramphenicol resistance gene cmlA, tetracycline resistance gene tetRA, and quinolone resistance mutations in gyrA and parC.

The study identified bla TEM1, tet (A), and sul2 as prevalent resistance genes in commensal E. coli from beef cattle, highlighting the impact of antimicrobial use on resistance dissemination.

The study identified the prevalence of sulfonamide resistance genes sul1, sul2, and sul3 in bacterial isolates from manured agricultural soils and pig slurry in the UK, highlighting their distribution and potential environmental impact.

The study identifies and characterizes the IncA/C multidrug resistance plasmid family, highlighting the presence of resistance genes such as sul2 for sulfonamides, tetRA for tetracyclines, and hipAB for antimicrobial resistance mechanisms.

The study identifies several AMR genes, including bla ROB-1, tet(B), tet(H), tet(O), strA, and sul2, which are responsible for multidrug resistance in Pasteurella multocida. These genes are located on small plasmids and contribute to resistance against beta-lactams, tetracyclines, streptomycin, and sulfamethoxazole.

The study identified several AMR genes, including blaTEM1, tetA, tetB, tetC, sul1, and sul2, in Escherichia coli from cattle fecal deposits. These genes conferred resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, and sulfonamides.

The study identified various AMR genes in commensal E. coli from pigs, including blaTEM, catA1, aph(3')-Ia, aadA, strA/strB, tet(A), tet(B), sul1, sul2, and sul3. These genes conferred resistance to antibiotics such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, spectinomycin, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole. However, the presence of these resistance genes did not provide a significant colonization advantage or disadvantage in the pig intestine.

The study identifies the resistance genes bla TEM-1, strA-strB, sul2, and tet(B) in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and its monophasic variant strains, which are chromosomally located and confer resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and tetracycline.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Vibrio strains isolated from wastewater effluents, including dfrA1, dfr18, floR, sul2, strB, and tetA, which confer resistance to trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, and tetracycline.

The study identified the genes bla TEM1-like, sul2, strA-strB, and tet(B) as responsible for multidrug resistance to ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, and tetracycline in Salmonella enterica serovar 4,[5],12:i:-.

The study identifies high levels of resistance genes, including sul2, strA, strB, and qnrD, in river sediments contaminated with antibiotics, highlighting the role of environmental microbial communities in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance.

The study identifies the emergence of a globally dominant IncHI1 plasmid type (PST6) associated with multiple drug-resistant typhoid. Key resistance genes include blaTEM-1, cat, dfrA7, sul1, sul2, strAB, tetA, tetD, and betU, which contribute to resistance against ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, tetracycline, and high salt environments.

The study identified the presence of tetracycline resistance gene tet (M), erythromycin resistance gene ermB, sulfonamide resistance gene sul2, and beta-lactam resistance gene bla TEM in the gut microbiota of infants, indicating that antibiotic resistance genes are present in the human gut microbiota from an early age.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from animals, including bla TEM, bla CTX-M-2, bla CMY-2, strA-strB, aadA, aphA1, aadB, cat, floR, sul1, sul2, tet(A), and tet(B). These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from Irish cattle farms, including strA-strB, aphA1, aadA, aadB, blaTEM, sul2, tet(A), and tet(B). These genes were associated with resistance to streptomycin, neomycin, kanamycin, spectinomycin, ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, sulfonamides, and tetracycline.

The study identified various AMR genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from poultry meat in Tunisia, including blaTEM, aadA1, aadA2, dfrA1, sul1, sul2, sul3, strA-strB, cmlA, and tet(A). These genes contribute to resistance against multiple antibiotics such as ampicillin, sulfonamides, streptomycin, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline.

This paper characterizes several beta-lactamases, including TEM-1, SHV-1, CTX-M-15, and NDM-1, which confer resistance to various beta-lactam antibiotics. It also identifies erm(B) and mef(A) as mechanisms of macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B resistance. Additionally, aadA1 and aac(6')-Ib are noted for aminoglycoside resistance, while catA1 and floR contribute to chloramphenicol resistance. The vanA gene is associated with glycopeptide resistance, and mcr-1 is linked to polymyxin resistance.

The study identified resistance genes strA, strB, sul2, dfrA1, and floR in the Haiti V. cholerae O1 outbreak strain, along with mutations in gyrA (Ser83Ile) and parC (Ser85Leu) contributing to quinolone resistance.

The study identifies several AMR genes on the plasmid pAQU1, including bla CARB-9 -like, floR, mef (A)-like, sul2, tet (M), and tet (B), which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as carbenicillin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, erythromycin, sulfonamide, and tetracycline.

The study identified the presence of sulfonamide resistance genes sul1 and sul2 in wastewater and lake samples, indicating the spread of multidrug-resistant bacteria after wastewater treatment.

The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes in Salmonella plasmids, including beta-lactamases (bla CTX, bla CMY, bla TEM), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA1, aadA2, strA, strB), tetracycline resistance gene (tetA), chloramphenicol resistance gene (cmlA), sulfonamide resistance gene (sul2), and genes conferring resistance to heavy metals and disinfectants (sugE, arsR, cusR, silE, qacH).

The study identified multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strains in urban rats, including an ESBL-producing strain (IMT20717) carrying bla CTX-M-9, bla TEM-1-like, sul2, strA, strB, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, and aadA. These strains exhibited resistance to multiple antimicrobial classes, including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in plasmids from multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Heidelberg isolates, including bla CMY, aadA, aadB, aphA, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, tetA, floR, cmlA, dfrA1, dfrA12, and aacC.

The study identifies multidrug-resistant atypical El Tor and non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae strains in Nigeria, highlighting the presence of resistance genes such as floR, sul2, dfrA1, and strAB, along with quinolone resistance mutations in gyrA (Ser83Ile) and parC (Ser85Leu).

The study identifies blaCTX-M-14 and blaTEM-153 as extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in commensal Enterobacteriaceae in Portugal, along with sul1, sul2, and sul3 as sulfonamide resistance genes. These genes are part of mobile genetic elements such as integrons and plasmids, highlighting the role of commensal flora as a reservoir of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes.

The study identified bla CTX-M-15 and bla SHV-12 as the predominant ESBL genes in multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates in Antananarivo, along with other resistance genes such as aac(6')-Ib, tetA, sul1, sul2, qnrA, qnrB, and catB-3.

The study identified sul1, sul2, and sul3 genes as the main sulfonamide resistance genes in the bacterial community of the aquatic environment in Metro-Manila, Philippines. Sul1 and sul2 were predominant in culturable bacteria, while sul3 was more prevalent in non-culturable marine bacteria.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and resistance islands in three multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates, highlighting the role of genomic plasticity in the dissemination of resistance mechanisms.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in soil and on vegetables, including genes conferring resistance to tetracycline, aminoglycosides, erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole, and beta-lactams. The presence of these genes was influenced by manure fertilization, with certain genes more frequently detected in manured soils.

The study developed a DNA microarray for genotyping antibiotic resistance determinants in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates, identifying numerous resistance genes and mutations associated with carbapenem, aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, and other antibiotic resistances.

The study identified several AMR genes, including aadA, sul1, sul2, tetA, blaTEM-1, and qacEAI, associated with resistance to streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, tetracycline, ampicillin, and quaternary ammonium compounds, respectively. A mutation in the gyrA gene (Ser83Phe) was linked to resistance to nalidixic acid and enrofloxacin.

The study identified a loss-of-function mutation in the esrB gene of the type III secretion system (T3SS) in the attenuated E. tarda strain E22, which is associated with reduced virulence. Additionally, the study discovered a LEE-like pathogenicity island (Et-LEE) in the non-motile strain FPC503, which was horizontally transferred and contains genes similar to those in pathogenic E. coli.

Four Salmonella enterica strains isolated from ready-to-eat salad vegetables exhibited resistance to sulfonamides, with sul1 and sul2 genes identified as the primary resistance mechanisms. The 55.0 kb plasmid of strain RTE-1 was found to encode these genes without involvement of integrons.

The study identifies the sul2 gene on a 4.3 MDa plasmid as the primary determinant of sulfamethoxazole resistance in multidrug-resistant Shigella flexneri 2a strains.

The study identifies various AMR genes in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium monophasic variant 4,[5],12:i:- strains, including aac(3)-IV, bla TEM-1, cmlA1, aadA1, aadA2, strA, sul1, sul2, sul3, tet(A), tet(B), and dfrA12, which confer resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study identified the persistence of sulphonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2) and trimethoprim resistance gene (dfrA1) in sediments at Baltic Sea aquaculture farms, while these genes were not detected in the surrounding environment.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica serotype Heidelberg isolates, including bla, aac(6')-Ib, tet(M), qnrS1, and erm(B). Mutations in genes such as SEEHRA37_03221, SEEHRA37_24108, and others were associated with resistance traits.

The study identifies pAQU group plasmids that can transfer the tetracycline resistance gene tet(M) to E. coli, highlighting their potential role in spreading antibiotic resistance in marine environments.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in the NDM-1-encoding Klebsiella pneumoniae strain, including eight beta-lactamase genes and various other resistance determinants, highlighting the complexity of its resistance profile.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes including sul1, tet(A), strA, aadA, cat, tet(G), and sul2 in the microbiota of ornamental fish carriage water. These genes were found to be prevalent and associated with various bacterial families.

The study identifies the aac(6')-Ib-cr4, strA, and sul2 genes as responsible for aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, and sulfonamide resistance in the quinolone-resistant Salmonella Typhimurium DT104B clinical strain Se20.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates from Zambia, including strA, strB, blaTEM-1, sul1, sul2, dfrA7, and catA1. Mutations in the gyrA gene were also associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli and Salmonella, including beta-lactamase genes (blaCMY, blaCTX-M), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), and dihydrofolate reductase genes (dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA12). These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

The study identified the presence of sul1, sul2, and sul3 genes in sulfonamide-resistant bacteria from manured soils in Jiangsu Province, China, highlighting their role in sulfonamide resistance and the potential risk to public health.

The study identifies the presence of class 1 integrons and bla CTX-M-15 genes in commensal E. coli isolates from healthy individuals in Chandigarh, India. It also detects several gene cassettes conferring resistance to trimethoprim, streptomycin, spectinomycin, streptothricin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and sulfonamides.

The study identified a diverse array of antibiotic resistance genes in a polluted lake in India, including sul2, qnrD, aph(6)-Id, aph(3′)-Ib, CMY2, qnrS, ant(3′)-Ia, dfrB1/dfrB5/dfrB6/dfrB8, GES, ere(A)/ere(C), qnrC, mph(E), dfrA1/dfrA15/dfrA25/dfrA30, erm(F), ant(2′)-Ia, cmlA, and tet(39). These genes conferred resistance to various classes of antibiotics, highlighting the significant presence of resistance mechanisms in the polluted environment.

The study identified various AMR genes, including bla TEM, dfr, strB, tet(A), and tet(B), in Gram-negative fecal bacteria from volunteers treated with amoxicillin, minocycline, or placebo. The prevalence of these genes increased significantly in the amoxicillin-treated group.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Choleraesuis strains, including blaTEM, strA, strB, aadA1, aadA2, aphA1, aacC2, tetB, sul1, sul2, dhfrXII, and dhfrXIII. Additionally, mutations in the QRDRs of gyrA and parC were associated with quinolone resistance.

The study identified bla CTX-M-15, aac (3)-IIa, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, qnrB4, qnrS1, aac (6')-Ib-cr, bla OXA-1, bla TEM-1B, bla SHV-12, bla CMY-42, bla DHA-1, mphA, ermB, catA1, catB3, sul1, sul2, dfrA12, dfrA17, dfrA1, dfrA5, tetA, tetB, and tetD as key AMR genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates in Nepal, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance.

The study identified blaCTX-M-1, qnrB1, tetA, tetB, sul1, sul2, and sul3 genes in avian ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from Tunisia, highlighting their role in resistance to beta-lactams, quinolones, and sulfonamides.

The study identified the resistance genes blaTEM, strA-B, sul2, and tet(B) associated with the ASSuT phenotype in monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium DT193 strains. Additionally, 54% of the isolates showed resistance to chloramphenicol, although no specific chloramphenicol resistance genes were detected.

The study characterizes various antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) in Aeromonas strains, highlighting the presence of beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and others. These genes are often located on plasmids and contribute to multidrug resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in ETEC isolates from Peruvian children, including bla TEM-like for ampicillin resistance, sul2 for sulfamethoxazole resistance, tet(A) and tet(B) for tetracycline resistance, and mph(A) for azithromycin resistance.

The study identifies antibiotic resistance genes in hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, highlighting the presence of SHV beta-lactamase and additional resistance genes in one isolate, CAS813, which exhibits resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study identified several AMR genes in Bordetella bronchiseptica isolates, including blaBOR-1, blaOXA, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, dfrA7, and tet(A). These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, streptomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline.

The study found that housefly larva vermicomposting significantly reduces the abundance of tetracycline resistance genes (tet(M), tet(O), tet(Q), tet(W)) and increases the abundance of sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2) in swine manure. It also observed changes in the bacterial community structure, with a significant decrease in the diversity and richness of bacteria.

The study reports the draft genome sequence of an E. coli strain carrying 12 acquired antibiotic resistance genes, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, sulfonamide resistance, trimethoprim resistance, tetracycline resistance, and streptothricin resistance.

The study shows that multi-drug resistance plasmids pAQU1 and IncFIB can persist in bacterial populations under very low selective pressure, including in non-culturable states. The plasmids retain their resistance genes, such as tet(M), tet(B), floR, mph(A)-like, mef(A)-like, and sul2, which confer resistance to tetracycline, florfenicol, macrolides, and sulfonamides.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes in the multidrug-resistant E. coli strain 912, including aac(3)-IV, blaTEM-1, sul2, aph(4), tet(X), and strA/B, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as gentamicin, apramycin, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and streptomycin.

The draft genome sequence of Proteus mirabilis NO-051/03 reveals the presence of multiple acquired resistance genes, including blaCMY-16 and blaTEM-1b, which confer resistance to β-lactams, as well as genes for resistance to aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, trimethoprim, and sulfonamides. Additionally, mutations in gyrA, gyrB, and parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified a bla ROB-1 gene in an integrative conjugative element (ICE) of M. haemolytica, which had a single nucleotide substitution leading to a non-functional gene and sensitivity to ampicillin.

The study found that ESBL-plasmid carriage does not reduce fitness but enhances virulence in some strains of pandemic E. coli lineages. It identified several AMR genes on the ESBL-plasmids, including beta-lactamases (blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-27, blaCTX-M-14), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetR), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA, aac(6')-Ib-cr), chloramphenicol resistance gene (catB4), sulfonamide resistance gene (sul2), streptomycin resistance genes (strA, strB), dihydrofolate reductase genes (dhfrVII, dfrA17), and aminoglycoside phosphotransferase gene (aph(3')-Ia). Non-antibiotic resistance genes such as finO, traT, icc, yfaX, yihA, and hha were also identified.

The study identified drug-resistant genes, including strBA and sul2, within certain integrative conjugative elements (ICEs) in Vibrio alginolyticus strains.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes, including beta-lactamases, sulfonamide-resistant dihydropteroate synthetase (Sul2), and tetracycline-inactivating enzymes (TetX), which contribute to resistance against various antibiotics in human and environmental microbiota from low-income communities.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in IncHI1 plasmids of Salmonella Typhimurium, including tet(B), tet(A), blaTEM, strA, strB, sul2, aadA, dfrA, catA1, aphA1a, and aad(3)IId, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as tetracycline, beta-lactam, streptomycin, sulfonamide, aminoglycoside, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim.

The study identified the presence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella isolates from commercial chickens and human clinical samples in South Africa and Brazil. Key resistance genes included pse-1 (ampicillin), ant (3")-la (gentamicin), tet A and tet B (tetracycline), and sul 1 and sul 2 (sulfamethoxazole).

The study presents SSTAR, a software tool for identifying antimicrobial resistance (AR) genes from whole-genome sequencing data. It detects known AR genes and potential new variants, including truncated forms. The tool was applied to analyze resistance genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae ST437 and Escherichia coli ST44, revealing various beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside resistance genes, and porin mutations contributing to resistance.

The study identified several resistance genes, including qacEΔ1-sul1, sul2, intI1, dfrA12, dfrA17, and dfrA27, which are associated with trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates in China.

The study identified 65 unique resistance genes in nontyphoidal Salmonella, including bla CTX-M1 and bla SHV2a, which were first reported in retail meat isolates in the United States. The research highlights the effectiveness of whole-genome sequencing in detecting antimicrobial resistance genes and correlating them with phenotypic resistance.

The study identifies NDM-5-producing Escherichia coli ST167 in a neonatal patient in China, highlighting the spread of carbapenem resistance through the bla NDM-5 gene and other resistance mechanisms.

The study characterizes two multidrug-resistant IncA/C plasmids, R16a and IP40a, from the 1960s, identifying resistance genes blaTEM-1D, aphA1b, and sul2, which confer resistance to ampicillin, kanamycin, and sulfonamides, respectively.

The study identified multiple S. Typhi genotypes in Nigeria, with a focus on antimicrobial resistance genes and plasmids. Key resistance genes included blaTEM-1, catA1, tetB, dfrA15, sul1, sul2, strAB, aad, and qnrS, primarily associated with the IncHI1 plasmid. Quinolone resistance was linked to gyrA mutations S83Y and S83F.

The study identified several AMR genes in Gram-negative bacteria from fresh produce, including mcr-1, qnrA1, blaGES-11, mphA, and oqxAB, highlighting the presence of mobile genetic elements and clinically relevant resistance genes.

The study identified several AMR genes in environmental isolates of Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 in Haiti, including strA, strB, sul1, sul2, ermA, ermB, and mefA, which confer resistance to streptomycin, sulfonamide, and erythromycin.

The study reports the draft genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant Morganella morganii isolate carrying the qnrD1 gene, along with various other antibiotic resistance genes such as aadA1y, aph(3')-Ic, strA-strB, blaOXA-1, catA2, catB3, sul2, dfrA1, tetY, and sat2.

The study identified multiple AMR genes, including blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, aac(6')-Ib-cr, tet(A), mphA, strA, strB, aadA5, sul1, sul2, dfrA12, dfrA17, catA1, and catB3, in ESBL-producing E. coli ST131 isolates from Nepal and Japan. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics, including β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, sulfonamides, and chloramphenicol.

The study developed LAMP assays for the detection of sul1 and sul2 genes in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, which are responsible for sulfamethoxazole resistance. The LAMP assays showed high sensitivity and specificity, and the study found that sul1 and sul2 were prevalent in sulfamethoxazole-resistant strains.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Mannheimia haemolytica, particularly in genotype 2, subtype 2b isolates, which are associated with the lungs of cattle with respiratory disease and contain various combinations of resistance genes.

The study identifies multiple carbapenemase genes (bla KPC-2, bla KPC-3, bla KPC-4, and bla NDM-1) and other resistance genes (such as qnrB19, qnrB2, qnrS1, bla TEM-1A, bla TEM-1B, bla OXA-9, bla SHV-12, aadA2, aac(6')-Ib, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-Ic, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, dfrA14, dfrA18, mph(A), catB3, arr-3, and tet(D)) in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter spp. These genes are primarily located on plasmids and contribute to multidrug resistance.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in commensal E. coli isolates from cattle and their attendants in Tanzania, including blaTEM-1B, sul1, sul2, and tet(A). These genes conferred resistance to beta-lactams, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and tetracycline, respectively.

The study identified numerous antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from river water, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant and extraintestinal pathogenic strains. Key resistance genes included blaTEM-1, aac(3)-IId, qnrB7, and others.

The study reports the draft genome sequences of two pandrug-resistant Serratia marcescens clinical isolates carrying multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including blaNDM-1, blaSHV-12, blaTEM-1B, blaCMY-6, sul1, sul2, rmtC, aacA4, aac(6')Ib-c, strA, strB, dfrA18, qnrA1, catA2, aac(6')-Ic, tet(41), and ampC.

The study characterizes various AMR genes and mutations in K. pneumoniae panel strains, including beta-lactamases (bla SHV-11, bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M15, bla OXA-1, bla SHV-12, bla SHV-187, bla SHV-158, bla DHA-1, bla CMY-2), aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (aac(6')-Ib, strA, strB, aadA1, aadA2), quinolone resistance genes (qnrB66, qnrB4, oqxA, oqxB), tetracycline resistance (tet(A)), trimethoprim resistance (dfrA14), sulfonamide resistance (sul1, sul2), and porin genes (OmpK35, OmpK36).

The study identified multiple AMR genes in E. coli isolates from marine bivalves, including bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, and various aminoglycoside, trimethoprim, sulfonamide, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, quinolone, and macrolide resistance genes. These findings highlight the potential risk of MDR Enterobacteriaceae in marine environments.

The study identifies carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter indicus-like isolates from cattle carrying the blaOXA-23 gene, along with various other AMR genes such as aac(3)-IIa, strA/B, aph(3')-Ic, sul2, floR, tet(A), tet(Y), aadA1, aadB, sul1, and tet(X).

The study identifies a novel sequence type of Escherichia coli (ST-458) responsible for pyelonephritis and bloodstream infection, carrying multiple antibiotic resistance genes and mutations associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and beta-lactams.

The study identified multiple mutations in genes such as parC, gyrA, acrB, adeR, and ampC that contribute to fluoroquinolone and beta-lactam resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii global clone 1. Horizontal gene transfer events, particularly the acquisition of the AbaR resistance island, played a significant role in the development of multidrug resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica isolates from dairy cattle and humans in New York and Washington States, highlighting the role of geographic and source-specific factors in AMR dissemination.

The study identifies several AMR genes in ST95 E. coli strains, including blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M14, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aac3, strA, strB, tetA, tetB, tetD, sul1, sul2, dfrA5, dfrA12, dfrA17, mphA, and catA1, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, cephalothin, streptomycin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, azithromycin, and chloramphenicol.

The study identifies the presence of multiple antibiotic resistance genes in the Shigella flexneri strain SP1, including blaCTX-M-14, blaOXA-1, aadA24, strA, strB, catA1, tetD, sul2, and dfrA1, which contribute to its multidrug-resistant phenotype.

The study identified 46 AMR genes or gene families in 90 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Kenya, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance and the diversity of resistance mechanisms.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from North Carolina community hospitals, including bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-14, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, qnrS1, and mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE that confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study characterized IncA/C2 plasmids carrying In809-like integrons from Enterobacteriaceae isolates of wildlife origin, identifying several AMR genes including blaIMP-4, blaIMP-26, blaIMP-38, sul2, floR, aac(3)-IId, qnrA1, arr-3, dfrA12, aphA1, aadA16, aadA2, blaOXA-1, blaTEM-1, and blaDHA-1.

The study demonstrates the transfer of a multidrug resistance plasmid, pIFM3844, from Salmonella to commensal E. coli, highlighting the role of the bla CTX-M1 gene in conferring resistance to cefotaxime.

The study characterizes two novel IncFII-type multidrug-resistant plasmids, p0716-KPC and p12181-KPC, from Klebsiella pneumoniae. These plasmids carry multiple resistance genes, including blaKPC-2, mph(A), strAB, aacC2, qacEΔ1, sul1, sul2, dfrA25, aphA1a, and blaTEM-1, contributing to resistance against various antibiotics.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes on IncA/C plasmids from various Salmonella serovars, including bla_cmy-2, bla_tem-1, strA, strB, aadB, aph(3')-Ia, tetA, floR, cmlA, sul1, sul2, dfra12, quacE, sugE, merA, merB, merC, merD, and merE, which contribute to multidrug resistance.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including sul1, sul2, floR, aadA1, aac(6')-Ib, blaTEM, blaCTX-M, blaPSE, blaNDM-1, qacEΔ1, pcoA/copA, chrB, and pcoR, in bacterial isolates from seafood. These genes conferred resistance to sulfonamides, phenicols, aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, and heavy metals.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A isolates from Cambodia, including beta-lactamase (blaTEM-1B), chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (catA1), sulfonamide resistance proteins (sul1, sul2), dihydrofolate reductase (dfrA7), tetracycline resistance protein (tet(B)), and streptomycin resistance protein (strAB). Additionally, mutations in the gyrA and gyrB genes were associated with decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility.

The study demonstrates the feasibility of rapid nanopore sequencing for detecting plasmid-borne antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in clinical isolates. It identifies several AMR genes, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, sulfonamide resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, macrolide resistance genes, and phenicol resistance genes, in both Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.

The study identified the acquisition of antibiotic resistance genes, including sul2, aph(6)-Id, and aph(3"-Ib, through lateral gene transfer in Akkermansia muciniphila GP36, which conferred resistance to sulfonamides and aminoglycosides.

The study identifies antibiotic resistance genes in Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio campbellii strains isolated from an AHPND-affected pond, highlighting the presence of tetracycline, sulfonamide, streptomycin, and florfenicol resistance mechanisms.

The study identifies several AMR genes in an extensively drug-resistant E. coli ST1642 isolate, including blaKPC-2, blaSHV-11, blaTEM-1, aadA5, strA, strB, aac(3)-IId, mph(A), sul1, sul2, tet(B), dfrA17, and qnrS1, which contribute to resistance against multiple antibiotics.

The study identifies a VIM-1 carbapenemase-producing E. coli isolate from retail seafood in Germany, highlighting the presence of multiple resistance genes including blaVIM-1, aacA4, aadA1, aph(3')-XV, catB2, qnrS1, blaSHV-12, blaACC-1, strA-like, strB-like, dfrA14-like, mph(A), sul1, and sul2.

The study identified the presence of tetX, blaCTX-M, sul1, and sul2 genes in the endophytic system of pakchoi under antibiotic exposure, indicating the development of antibiotic resistance in response to tetracycline, cephalexin, and sulfamethoxazole.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in E. coli isolates from children with cystic fibrosis, cancer, and healthy controls, highlighting differences in resistance profiles between groups.

The paper presents ARIBA, a tool for identifying antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations from sequencing data. It evaluates the performance of ARIBA on three datasets, demonstrating its accuracy and efficiency in detecting resistance genes and mutations in Enterococcus faecium, Shigella sonnei, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

The study identified a high prevalence of CTX-M-15-type ESBL-producing E. coli in migratory avian species in Pakistan, highlighting the role of wild birds as reservoirs of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the potential for horizontal gene transfer of resistance determinants.

The study characterized blaCTX-M-1 and blaCMY-2 genes in E. coli isolates from French broilers, highlighting their roles in extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance and the presence of virulence genes on blaCMY-2-containing plasmids.

The study reports the complete genome sequence of an Escherichia coli isolate carrying the bla(CTX-M-1) gene, along with other resistance genes including mph(A), sul2, dfrA5, strA, and strB, indicating multidrug resistance.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in feedlots and urban wastewater, highlighting the prevalence of sulfonamide, tetracycline, macrolide, fluoroquinolone, and β-lactam resistance genes in different environments.

The study identifies clinically relevant ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae ST307 and E. coli ST38 in an urban West African rat population, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains carrying various resistance genes such as blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-9, and others.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates from pigs and abattoir workers in Cameroon, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1B, bla SHV-28, and others, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains and their potential for zoonotic transmission.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica, including blaTEM-1, strA-strB, sul2, tet(A), qnrS1, aadA2, aadA17, floR, cmlA1, aac(3)-Id, aac(3)-IIa, dfrA12, dfrA1, dfrA14, blaCTX-M-9, blaCTX-M-55, blaSHV-12, blaPSE-1/blaCARB-2, and blaCMY-2, along with mutations in gyrA and parC associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Haemophilus parasuis isolates from pigs in China, including blaTEM-1, blaROB-1, ermB, ermA, flor, catl, tetB, tetC, rmtB, rmtD, aadA1, aac(3′)-IIc, sul1, and sul2. Additionally, mutations in the gyrA and parC genes were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in STEC O117:H7 isolates, including the azithromycin resistance gene mphA, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, blaTEM-1B, blaTEM-1C, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA, dfrA5, ermB, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, tet(A), tet(B), qnrs1, and a mutation in gyrA (S83L) associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified the SXT/R391 integrative conjugative element ICE Sup CHN110003 in Shewanella upenei strains, which carries antibiotic resistance genes floR, strA, strB, and sul2, conferring resistance to chloramphenicol, streptomycin, and sulfamethoxazole.

The study identifies and characterizes the multidrug resistance plasmid p3PS10 in Piscirickettsia salmonis, which carries genes conferring resistance to chloramphenicol (cat2), tetracyclines (tetA(t31)), aminoglycosides (aadA1, sat1), and sulfonamides (sul2).

The study identified several AMR genes in Salmonella isolates from Ghana, including blaTEM-1B, blaTEM-52B, blaCTX-M-15, tet(A), dfrA15, sul1, sul2, catA1, strA, strB, aadA1, catB3, qnrB1, aac(6')Ib-cr, and blaOXA-1. These genes were found on various plasmids, highlighting the diversity of resistance mechanisms in the studied isolates.

The study identifies the plasmid pSEA1 and the integrative element Tn 6283, which carry various antibiotic resistance genes including tet(M), mef(C), mph(G), sul2, catII, and bla, facilitating the spread of antibiotic resistance in aquatic environments.

The study identified the presence of antibiotic resistance genes such as bla CTX-M-1, qnr S, sul1, and sul2 in Escherichia coli isolates from the Kshipra River, showing seasonal variations in their occurrence and resistance profiles.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli isolates, including blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-9, aac(3)-II, aac(6')-Ib, aadA1, dfrA1, sul1, sul2, mphA, and mrxA, which contribute to resistance against various antibiotics such as third-generation cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, sulfonamides, and macrolides.

The study identifies and characterizes several AMR genes in E. coli, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-1, blaOXA-1, blaCMY-2, ampC), aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (aac(3')-Ia, aac(3')-VI), dihydrofolate reductases (dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA12, dfrA15), quinolone resistance proteins (qnrB2, qnrB6, qnrS2), and others. These genes were validated through computational and wet lab methods, showing their roles in conferring resistance to various antibiotics.

The study characterizes F33:A−:B− plasmids carrying various AMR genes such as bla(CTX-M-55), bla(CTX-M-65), fosA3, rmtB, and others in E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates from diverse sources in China.

The study identifies tetracycline resistance gene tetA and sulfonamide resistance gene sul2 in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, demonstrating their role in antibiotic resistance under environmental pressure.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in the newly described species Superficieibacter electus, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, and others, indicating its ability to resist various antibiotics.

The study identified a novel O89 O-antigen locus in E. coli strain 26561, which is associated with group 1 capsule (G1C) and multidrug resistance. The strain exhibits a mucoid and viscous phenotype, and possesses multiple AMR genes including blaCTX-M-14, blaTEM-1, aph(3")-Ib, strA, aph(6)-Id, strB, aph(3′)-Ia, sul2, tetA(B), and catA1. Mutations in gyrA (S83L, D87N) and parC (S80I) contribute to quinolone resistance.

The study identifies multiresistant Salmonella enterica isolates from legally and illegally imported meat, including AmpC-producing isolates carrying blaCMY-2, tet(A), and sul2 genes, which confer resistance to cephalosporins, tetracycline, and sulfonamides.

The study identifies four plasmids in Acinetobacter baumannii isolate D36, including pRAY* carrying aadB, pD36-4 carrying aphA1a, sul2, and a mercury resistance module, and others with no resistance genes.

The study reports a fatal case of bacteremia caused by a hypermucoviscous KPC-2 producing extensively drug-resistant K64-ST11 Klebsiella pneumoniae. The isolate harbored multiple AMR genes including blaKPC-2, blaSHV-11, qnrS1, oqxA, oqxB, sul1, sul2, dfrA1, tetA, tetD, and fosA, contributing to its extensive drug resistance.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in Riemerella anatipestifer, including aac(6')-Ib, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aac(3')-IIc, aac(3')-IV, aph(3')-VII, aph(2')-Ib, bla TEM, bla OXA, tet(A), tet(B), sul1, sul2, sul3, cat2, cmlA, floR, emrF, qnrS, and qnrD. Additionally, mutations in gyrA and parC were found to confer fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study reports the draft genome sequence of a tigecycline-resistant Enterobacter cloacae ST93 clinical isolate, TREC1, which harbors multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including those encoding resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, fosfomycin, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, phenicols, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, and tetracyclines. The isolate is resistant to all antibiotics tested except colistin.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, including bla KPC-2, bla KPC-3, bla NDM-1, bla OXA-48, ampC, qnrB, qnrS, aac(6')-Ib-cr, armA, rmtB, tet(A), tet(B), tet(D), tet(G), sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA25, dfrA26, dfrA30, oqxA, oqxB, and mgrB, as well as mutations in ompK35, ompK36, gyrA, parC, phoP, phoQ, pmrA, and pmrB, which contribute to resistance against multiple antibiotics.

The study identified multiple tetracycline resistance genes, beta-lactamases, and other resistance determinants in E. coli isolates from produce, highlighting the potential for horizontal gene transfer and the significance of the produce microbiome as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes.

The study identifies a novel multi-resistance plasmid, pM3362MDR, in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, which carries the tetracycline resistance gene tet(B), as well as blaROB-1, sul2, and strA. The plasmid arose through illegitimate recombination between pTetHS016 and pOV.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in S. Typhi isolates from Bangladesh, including blaTEM-1B, blaCTX-M-15, catA1, dfrA7, sul1, sul2, qnrS1, strA, strB, tet(A), tet(B), and mutations in gyrA and parE associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

The study identifies multidrug-resistant hybrid pathotype Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O80 strains belonging to clonal complex 165, which harbor a mosaic plasmid with genes conferring resistance to multiple antibiotics, including beta-lactams, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, kanamycin, streptomycin, and colistin.

The study characterized the resistomes of six carbapenem-resistant pathogens, identifying various carbapenemase genes such as bla KPC-2, bla OXA-48, bla OXA-72, bla NDM-1, bla NDM-7, and bla VIM-1, along with other resistance genes like aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6)-Id, tet(B), erm(B), mph(A), sul1, sul2, dfrA17, dfrA14, bla CTX-M-15, bla CMY-6, bla OXA-1, bla SHV-200, bla OXA-10, and bla NDM-7.