The study identified various AMR genes in commensal E. coli from pigs, including blaTEM, catA1, aph(3')-Ia, aadA, strA/strB, tet(A), tet(B), sul1, sul2, and sul3. These genes conferred resistance to antibiotics such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, spectinomycin, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole. However, the presence of these resistance genes did not provide a significant colonization advantage or disadvantage in the pig intestine.

The study identified various AMR genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from poultry meat in Tunisia, including blaTEM, aadA1, aadA2, dfrA1, sul1, sul2, sul3, strA-strB, cmlA, and tet(A). These genes contribute to resistance against multiple antibiotics such as ampicillin, sulfonamides, streptomycin, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline.

This paper characterizes several beta-lactamases, including TEM-1, SHV-1, CTX-M-15, and NDM-1, which confer resistance to various beta-lactam antibiotics. It also identifies erm(B) and mef(A) as mechanisms of macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B resistance. Additionally, aadA1 and aac(6')-Ib are noted for aminoglycoside resistance, while catA1 and floR contribute to chloramphenicol resistance. The vanA gene is associated with glycopeptide resistance, and mcr-1 is linked to polymyxin resistance.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in the EDR A. baumannii 53264 strain, including aac(6')-Iaf, aac(3)-Ia, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-Ic, strA/aph(3'')-Ib, blaOXA-23, blaTEM-1, sul1, sul3, and tet(B). Additionally, mutations in ampC, gyrB, parC, and qseC contribute to resistance against various antibiotics.

The study identifies blaCTX-M-14 and blaTEM-153 as extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in commensal Enterobacteriaceae in Portugal, along with sul1, sul2, and sul3 as sulfonamide resistance genes. These genes are part of mobile genetic elements such as integrons and plasmids, highlighting the role of commensal flora as a reservoir of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance genes.

The study identified sul1, sul2, and sul3 genes as the main sulfonamide resistance genes in the bacterial community of the aquatic environment in Metro-Manila, Philippines. Sul1 and sul2 were predominant in culturable bacteria, while sul3 was more prevalent in non-culturable marine bacteria.

Four Salmonella enterica strains isolated from ready-to-eat salad vegetables exhibited resistance to sulfonamides, with sul1 and sul2 genes identified as the primary resistance mechanisms. The 55.0 kb plasmid of strain RTE-1 was found to encode these genes without involvement of integrons.

The study identifies various AMR genes in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium monophasic variant 4,[5],12:i:- strains, including aac(3)-IV, bla TEM-1, cmlA1, aadA1, aadA2, strA, sul1, sul2, sul3, tet(A), tet(B), and dfrA12, which confer resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study identified the presence of sul1, sul2, and sul3 genes in sulfonamide-resistant bacteria from manured soils in Jiangsu Province, China, highlighting their role in sulfonamide resistance and the potential risk to public health.

The study identified the sul3 gene as a determinant of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia isolates from the Nkonkobe Municipality, South Africa.

The study identified blaCTX-M-1, qnrB1, tetA, tetB, sul1, sul2, and sul3 genes in avian ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from Tunisia, highlighting their role in resistance to beta-lactams, quinolones, and sulfonamides.

The study identifies the bla NDM-1 gene as a major cause of carbapenem resistance in Vibrio fluvialis isolates from Kolkata, India. Several additional resistance genes, including aadA1, aadB, aac(6')-Ib-cr, sul1, sul3, floR, bla OXA-1, bla OXA-7, bla OXA-9, bla TEM-9, bla CTX-M-3, strA, and tetB, were also characterized.

The study identified numerous antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from river water, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant and extraintestinal pathogenic strains. Key resistance genes included blaTEM-1, aac(3)-IId, qnrB7, and others.

The study identified various AMR genes in Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from chicken farms in Egypt, including blaTEM, aadA2, floR, cat1, sul1, sul3, tetC, tetA, and intI, which confer resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and multiple antibiotics.

The study demonstrates the feasibility of rapid nanopore sequencing for detecting plasmid-borne antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in clinical isolates. It identifies several AMR genes, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, sulfonamide resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, macrolide resistance genes, and phenicol resistance genes, in both Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.

The study identified 17 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in 103 class 1 integron-positive Escherichia coli strains from porcine feces, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant commensal E. coli in pigs and their potential role in the dissemination of resistance genes.

The study identified a high prevalence of CTX-M-15-type ESBL-producing E. coli in migratory avian species in Pakistan, highlighting the role of wild birds as reservoirs of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the potential for horizontal gene transfer of resistance determinants.

The IncHI2 plasmid pSTM6-275 from Salmonella enterica carries multiple antibiotic and heavy-metal resistance genes, including blaTEM, strA, strB, sul3, aadA1, aadA2, cmlA, aphA2, tetA, mejB, silESRCFBAGP, and pcoGE1ABCDRSE2, which confer resistance to various antibiotics and metals. The plasmid exhibits temperature-dependent resistance to silver and copper, highlighting its adaptability under changing physiological conditions.

The study identifies CTX-M-15-harboring Escherichia coli in wild birds in Tunisia, highlighting the presence of multidrug resistance genes such as bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1b, tetA, qnrA1, qnrB1, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aac(3)-II, and sul3.

The study characterizes a novel multidrug resistance plasmid pSGB23 isolated from Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Saintpaul, carrying 11 antibiotic resistance genes responsible for resistance to 9 classes of antibiotics and quaternary ammonium compounds.

The study identifies and characterizes several AMR genes in E. coli, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-1, blaOXA-1, blaCMY-2, ampC), aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (aac(3')-Ia, aac(3')-VI), dihydrofolate reductases (dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA12, dfrA15), quinolone resistance proteins (qnrB2, qnrB6, qnrS2), and others. These genes were validated through computational and wet lab methods, showing their roles in conferring resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in Riemerella anatipestifer, including aac(6')-Ib, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aac(3')-IIc, aac(3')-IV, aph(3')-VII, aph(2')-Ib, bla TEM, bla OXA, tet(A), tet(B), sul1, sul2, sul3, cat2, cmlA, floR, emrF, qnrS, and qnrD. Additionally, mutations in gyrA and parC were found to confer fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, including bla KPC-2, bla KPC-3, bla NDM-1, bla OXA-48, ampC, qnrB, qnrS, aac(6')-Ib-cr, armA, rmtB, tet(A), tet(B), tet(D), tet(G), sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA25, dfrA26, dfrA30, oqxA, oqxB, and mgrB, as well as mutations in ompK35, ompK36, gyrA, parC, phoP, phoQ, pmrA, and pmrB, which contribute to resistance against multiple antibiotics.

The study identifies the NDM-1-producing E. coli strain EC2189 carrying the plasmid p2189-NDM, which contains multiple AMR genes including blaNDM-1, aadA1, aac(6')-Ib, sul3, dfrA12, cmlA1, blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1A, and blaOXA-9. The plasmid p2189-NDM exhibits a unique genetic structure and is phylogenetically distinct from previously identified blaNDM-1-positive plasmids.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella Choleraesuis isolates, including aadA1, catA1, cmlA1, floR, mph(B), strA, strB, sul1, sul2, sul3, tet(A), tet(B), dfrA1, aph(3')-Ia, lnu(B), and blaTEM-1. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as streptomycin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, trimethoprim, gentamicin, lincomycin, and ampicillin.

The study characterizes the antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in the emerging Klebsiella pneumoniae ST101 lineage, highlighting the presence of multiple resistance mechanisms including carbapenemases, extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, and various other resistance genes.

The study identified several AMR genes in nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica isolates from chicken meat and human sources in Sri Lanka, including blaCTX-M-15, fosA7, aph(6)-Id, tet(A), blaTEM-1B, qnrS1, sul3, and dfrA14.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in commensal Escherichia coli isolates from children and domestic animals in a semirural community in Ecuador. These genes included blaTEM-1B, dfrA8, qnrB19, strA, strB, tetA, tetB, sul1, sul2, and others, contributing to resistance against multiple antibiotics such as ampicillin, trimethoprim, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole. The research highlights the role of plasmids in disseminating these AMR genes and emphasizes the complexity of AMR transmission in such environments.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, including aadA, strAB, blaTEM, blaCARB, floR, cmlA1, catA1, qnrB19, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, tetA, tetB, tetC, tetG, and mutations in gyrA. These genes and mutations were validated through whole genome sequencing and phenotypic ASTs.

The study identifies multiple multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Goldcoast strains in Taiwan, highlighting the emergence of an ST358 clone carrying various resistance genes, including blaCTX-M-55, mcr-1, and others, contributing to the rapid increase in infections.

The study identified bla CTX-M, bla TEM, and bla SHV as the primary ESBL genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from healthy humans and swine in Northern Thailand. Additionally, several other AMR genes such as sul1, sul2, sul3, aadA22, aph(3')-Ia, strA, strB, aadA2, aadA5, qnrS1, tetA, tetB, tetD, arr2, and mefB were characterized.

The study characterized the resistome, mobilome, and virulome of 20 multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from Pretoria, South Africa. Key findings include the identification of various beta-lactamase genes (blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-27, blaOXA-1, blaOXA-10, blaTEM-1B), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IId, aac(6')-Ib-cr, mph(A)), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), dihydrofolate reductase genes (dfrA17, dfrA14, dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA12, dfrA23), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B)), chloramphenicol resistance genes (catB3, catA1), and fluoroquinolone resistance mutations in gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE.

The study identifies various AMR genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis strains isolated from a children's hospital in Mexico City, highlighting the presence of genes such as blaZ, mecA, and others, as well as mutations in gyrA and rpoB contributing to resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from pigeon meat, including ampC, aadA, cmlA, sul1, sul2, and sul3, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, and sulfonamides.

The study identifies several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and zinc tolerance genes in commensal Escherichia coli from weaned pigs, highlighting the impact of high-dose zinc oxide diets on selecting for resistant strains.

The study reports the first detection of a hydrogen sulfide (H2S)-producing Escherichia coli variant isolated from a human in China, with multidrug resistance properties, including colistin resistance mediated by the mcr-1 gene, along with other resistance genes such as aadA1, aadA2, dfrA12, blaTEM-1B, oqxA, oqxB, floR, cmlA1, sul3, and tet(A).

The study identifies several AMR genes in E. coli isolates, including tet(A), tet(B), blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, sul1, sul2, sul3, cmlA, aac(3)-II, aac(3)-IV, aadA, and strA-strB, which confer resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, cefoxitin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, and streptomycin.

The study identifies the mcr-1 gene as a key factor in colistin resistance in E. coli strains isolated from polluted rivers and wild birds. It also characterizes several other AMR genes including aadA1, aadA2, aph(3′)-Ia, aph(3″)-Ib, aph(4)-Ia, aph(6)-Id, tet(B), tet(D), tet(A), bla CTX–M–14, bla TEM–1, qnrS2, oqxA, oqxB, cmlA1, floR, vgaC, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA12, and glpT (E448K).

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolated from urban rodents in Hanoi, Vietnam, including bla TEM, tet(A), sul1, sul2, sul3, and mcr-1, highlighting the potential of rodents as reservoirs of multidrug-resistant and colistin-resistant E. coli.

The study identified the co-occurrence of mcr-1, mcr-3, mcr-7.1, and various clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes in environmental and fecal samples from a Brazilian zoo, highlighting the potential reservoir of these genes in zoological environments.

The study identified various AMR genes in cefotaxime-resistant E. coli isolates from cattle and sheep in the Basque Country, including bla CTX-M-14, bla CMY-2, and others, highlighting the prevalence of ESBL and AmpC-producing strains.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in MDR E. coli strains from captive wild animals, highlighting the presence of CTX-M-8 and CTX-M-65 beta-lactamases, along with various other resistance mechanisms such as aminoglycoside, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolone resistance genes, as well as mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in porcine faecal commensal E. coli, including blaTEM-1, strA, strB, tetA, dfrA12, aadA1, aadA2, cmlA, aph(3')-Ia, sul2, and sul3, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, streptomycin, tetracyclines, trimethoprim, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, neomycin, kanamycin, and sulfonamides.

The study describes the first complete sequence of a multiple drug-resistant IncHI2 ST4 plasmid, pTZ41_1P, from a commensal E. coli in Australia. The plasmid carries genes conferring resistance to heavy metals, beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and sulfonamides.

The study identified various AMR genes in multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates, including beta-lactamases (blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-27, blaCTX-M-55, blaOXA-1, blaCMY-2, blaOXA, blaCMY), phenicol resistance genes (catB3, cmlA1, floR, catA1, catA2, oqxA, oqxB), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(6')-Ib-cr5, aac(6')-Ib-cr, oqxA2, qepA1, qnrS1), sulfonamide and trimethoprim resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA12, dfrA7), and tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B), tet(M)).

The study identified several AMR genes associated with different antimicrobial classes in swine fecal samples from farms with varying antimicrobial usage levels. These genes included beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, fluoroquinolone resistance genes, macrolide resistance markers, polymyxin resistance genes, phenicol resistance genes, and trimethoprim resistance genes.

The study developed an optimized NGS-based workflow for plasmid reconstruction, enabling the identification of AMR genes such as mcr-1.1, blaTEM-1B, and others, which are critical for understanding the dissemination of antimicrobial resistance.

The study identifies a novel IncFII plasmid, pMOL412_FII, carrying the blaNDM-4 gene, which mediates resistance to carbapenems in a carbapenem-resistant E. coli isolate from a pig in Italy. Additional resistance genes include blaTEM-1B, sul1, sul3, and dfrA12, contributing to resistance against beta-lactams, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim.

The study identified the presence of bla TEM, sul3, sul2, and aaC4 genes in Salmonella isolates from chicken breeder flocks in China, contributing to resistance against ampicillin, cefoxitin, ceftriaxone, sulfamethoxazole, and streptomycin.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including mcr-1.1 and mcr-3.1, in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from pigs with postweaning diarrhea in China.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Salmonella enterica serovar Rissen isolates, including tet(A), blaTEM-1B, aadA2, aadA1, aac(6')-Iaa, aph(3")-lld, sul3, and dfrA12, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as tetracycline, ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from a Red Kangaroo, including beta-lactamases (bla DHA–3, bla SHV–1, bla CTX–M–14, bla TEM–191, bla TEM–1, bla CTX–M–3), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aph(3″)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, aadA16, arr-3), quinolone resistance genes (qnrS1, qnrB2), macrolide resistance gene (mphA), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul3, sul1), dihydrofolate reductase (dfrA3, dfrA27), chloramphenicol resistance gene (floR), tetracycline resistance genes (tetG, tetR), and multidrug efflux pump (qacEΔ1).

The study identified several AMR genes in mink pathogens, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M-1), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B)), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA5, aadA1), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul2), dihydrofolate reductase genes (dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA8, dfrA14), macrolide/lincosamide/streptogramin B resistance genes (erm), lincomycin resistance gene (lnu(A)), spectinomycin resistance gene (spc), and additional sulfonamide and trimethoprim resistance genes (sul1, sul3, dfrK, dfrG).

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in a multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Agona isolate from a silver gull, including bla CTX-M-55, dfrA14, sul3, qnrS1, tet(A), bla TEM-1, and others, indicating the acquisition of multidrug resistance plasmids.

The study identified several AMR genes in Salmonella enterica serovar Javiana isolates, including aac(6')-Iaa, aph(3')-Ia, sul3, and qnrB19, which confer resistance to aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and fluoroquinolones.

The study identified the presence of bla CTX-M, sul1, tetA, and tetB genes in Escherichia coli isolates from various stages of the farm-to-fork continuum in intensive poultry production in South Africa.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in bacterial isolates from chronic non-healing wounds, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, macrolide resistance genes, and others. These genes were found in various bacterial species such as E. coli, S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, and others.

The study characterizes various AMR genes in plasmids from meat-derived E. coli isolates, highlighting the diversity and clustering of resistance genes such as bla CTX-M-1, aadA5, sul2, and others, along with their association with specific plasmid incompatibility groups.

The study identified several AMR genes in Enterococcus and ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from bovine mastitis cases in Egypt, including erm(B), tetL, aac-aphD, vanA, and vanB.

The study identified several beta-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-65, bla SHV-12, bla SHV-28, bla SHV-81, bla TEM-1B, bla TEM-52C, bla CARB-2, bla OXA-1, bla DHA-1, and bla CMY-2, along with other AMR genes such as aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA1, aadA2, aph(4)-Ia, oqxA, oqxB, qnrB1, qnrS1, floR, sul2, sul1, tet(A), dfrA14, dfrA1, dfrA17, dfrA8, dfrA12, dfrA16, dfrA15, catB3, cmlA1, arr-2, and qnrB19, which confer resistance to various antibiotics in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from food products.

Wild boars in Germany carry ESBL/AmpC-producing E. coli, with bla CTX-M-1, bla SHV-12, and bla CMY-2 being the most common beta-lactamase genes. Additional resistance genes include sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA14, dfrA17, tet(A), cmlA, floR, and qnrS.

This study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Pasteurella multocida, including aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, tetracycline, macrolide, and sulfonamide resistance genes, highlighting the diverse resistance mechanisms present in this pathogen.

The study reports the emergence of a high-level carbapenem-resistant and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Escherichia coli strain N7 producing NDM-5, highlighting the presence of multiple resistance genes on plasmids and chromosomes.

The study identifies various ESBL and AmpC beta-lactamase genes, including bla SHV-12, bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-2, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-52, and bla CMY-2, along with the mcr-1 gene conferring colistin resistance in E. coli isolates from food animals in Europe.

The study identified several AMR genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from animals in Greece, including bla CTX-M-1/15, bla TEM, aadA1, aadA2, aphA, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA15, dfrA17, dfrA19, mph, mrx, intI1, tnpISE cp1, qnrS, and qnrB.

The study identified multiple beta-lactamase genes including bla CTX-M-15, bla SHV-1, bla SHV-11, bla SHV-27, bla SHV-106, and bla TEM, along with carbapenemase genes bla KPC2/3 and bla OXA-48, contributing to multidrug resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from human septicemias.

The study identified various AMR genes in commensal E. coli isolates from healthy university students in Portugal, including bla TEM, tetA, tetB, sul1, sul2, sul3, parC, and gyrA, indicating the presence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in the intestinal microbiota.

The study identified various AMR genes in commensal E. coli strains from wildlife, including bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M-1, tet(A), tet(B), and several resistance gene cassettes in integrons. These genes were found to confer resistance to multiple antibiotics, highlighting the presence of AMR in wildlife E. coli populations.

The study identified various β-lactamase genes, including bla CMY-2, bla TEM-1, bla SHV-33, bla SHV-11, bla CTX-M-15, bla OXA-1, and bla DHA-1, along with non-β-lactamase resistance genes such as sul2, strA, strB, tet(A), and sul1, in Enterobacterales and Salmonella isolates from marine mammals.

The study identifies various AMR genes in the IncC plasmid pUO-STmRV1, including blaTEM-1, cmlA1, aac(3)-IV, aadA1, aadA2, sul1, sul2, sul3, tet(A), dfrA12, arsR2, arsH, merRTPCADE, and silESRCBAP, which confer resistance to antibiotics and heavy metals.

The study identifies various AMR genes in the highly clonal multidrug-resistant monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium ST34, including beta-lactamases, sulfonamide resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, phenicol resistance genes, and polymyxin resistance genes.

The study identified the presence of the human pandemic ST131-CTX-M-15-O25-B2 clone and high-risk clonal lineages of ESBL/pAmpC-producing E. coli isolates from diarrheic poultry in Tunisia, highlighting the emergence of multidrug-resistant clones with various virulence determinants.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Aeromonas spp. isolated from fish farms, including blaSHV-01, mexF, tetE, floR1, and sul3, which were associated with resistance to beta-lactams, tetracycline, phenicol, and sulfonamide-trimethoprim.

The study characterizes the mcr-1 gene and various other resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from animal organs with lesions, highlighting their multidrug resistance profiles and the genetic features of plasmids carrying these genes.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella serovars Derby and Rissen from Vietnam, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains along the pig value chain.

The study identified 17 unique AMR genes in 53% of the 81 S. enterica isolates, including genes encoding resistance to tetracycline, beta-lactam, sulfonamide, quinolone, aminoglycoside, phenicol, and trimethoprim.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Salmonella enteritidis, including sul2, sul3, blaTEM-1-like, tet(A), and tet(G). These genes contribute to resistance against sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, cefepime, and tetracycline.

The study identified several ESBL genes, colistin resistance genes, and other AMR genes in ESBL-producing E. coli from pigs and pig farm workers in Vietnam. Key findings include the prevalence of bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-14, and bla CTX-M-27, along with mcr-1 and mcr-3 for colistin resistance, and various other resistance genes for aminoglycosides, quinolones, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, macrolides, and sulfonamides.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including bla NDM-5, bla OXA-10, and bla TEM-1B, in NDM-5-producing Enterobacteriaceae isolates from an urban river in China. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as carbapenems, cephalosporins, quinolones, and aminoglycosides.

The study reports the first bovine ST361 NDM-5 positive Escherichia coli in Greece, highlighting the importation of multidrug-resistant strains and the need for continued surveillance.

The study identified a variety of resistance genes in carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, including bla KPC, bla NDM, bla VIM, and others, highlighting the complex genetic diversity of these pathogens.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in STEC and EPEC isolates from imported foods in China, including blaTEM-1B, tetA, tetB, catA1, cmlA1, aadA1, aph(4)-Ia, aac(3)-IV, aph(6)-Id, aph(3")-Ib, sul3, dfrA12, and qnrS1, which conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and ciprofloxacin.

The study identified various AMR genes in Salmonella enterica serovar Schwarzengrund isolates, including aadA2, AAC(3)-IV, AAC(6')-Iy, APH(4)-Ia, cmlA1, dfrA12, floR, sul1, sul2, sul3, TEM-1, and tet(A). These genes were located on both the chromosome and plasmids, highlighting the importance of plasmid-mediated AMR gene transmission.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Salmonella serovar Kentucky ST198 isolates from Spain, including genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, trimethoprim, and colistin.

The study characterizes antibiotic resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from bovine animals and the environment in Nigeria, identifying several beta-lactamase, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, qnr, sulfonamide, tetracycline, and trimethoprim resistance genes, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains.

The study identified various AMR genes, including aadA1, aadA2, blaCFE-1, cmlA1, dfrA12, mdf(A), sul3, tet(34), and lnu(A), in pig fecal microbiomes. Notably, the lnu(A) gene was exclusively found in conventional farms and associated with Lactobacillus species.

The study identified multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from surface water in north-western Mexico, including international high-risk lineages ST410 and ST617. These isolates carried various AMR genes such as blaTEM-1B, blaCTX-M-15, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IId, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, floR, cmlA1, lnu(F), mdf(A), sul2, sul3, tet(A), tet(B), dfrA12, and dfrA17. Additionally, mutations in gyrA (S83L, D87N), parC (S80I), and parE (S458A) were found to contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified several tetracycline and sulfonamide resistance genes, including tet(A), tet(L), tet(X), sul2, and sul3, in Escherichia coli isolates from the Larut River, highlighting the prevalence of antibiotic resistance in anthropogenically impacted aquatic environments.

The study identified that the sul1, sul2, and sul3 genes in E. coli CICC 10667 contribute to sulfanilamide resistance and are more resistant to microwave irradiation compared to other genes. The effectiveness of microwave irradiation in reducing the horizontal transfer risk of antibiotic-resistant genes was demonstrated.

The study identified several AMR genes in non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from pork retail outlets and slaughterhouses in Vietnam, including blaTEM-1, blaTEM-150, blaLAP-2, blaCTX-M-55, dfrA12, dfrA14, floR, cmlA1, tetA, tetB, tetM, mcr-1, mcr-3, qnrS1, mphA, aadA1, aadA2, aac(6')-laa, aac(6')-ly, sul1, sul2, sul3, aph(3")-lb, and aph6-ld. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, penicillins, first-generation cephalosporins, quinolones, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, colistin, macrolides, gentamicin, sulfonamides, and others.

The study identifies SHV-12-producing Escherichia coli isolates in a broiler farm environment, highlighting the presence of various antimicrobial resistance genes such as bla SHV-12, cmlA, tet (A), aac(6′)-Ib-cr, and others. These genes confer resistance to multiple antibiotics, emphasizing the need for monitoring and controlling AMR in agricultural settings.

The study identified sul3-positive E. coli strains with multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including sul3, sul2, tetA, floR, oqxA, and mcr-1, highlighting the potential for horizontal gene transfer and the need for long-term monitoring of antimicrobial resistance in Nanning.

The study identified a high prevalence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in Greek pigs, with a focus on resistance mechanisms involving bla CTX-M1/15, bla TEM, and bla SHV genes, as well as resistance to fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, macrolides, and colistin.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations associated with resistance to various antibiotics in wastewater environments, highlighting the role of these genes in the spread of antimicrobial resistance.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream isolates, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant and hypervirulent strains in the United States.

The study identified four variants of bla CTX-M (CTX-M-15, CTX-M-55, CTX-M-64, and CTX-M-65) in extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli from livestock and in-contact humans in Southeast Nigeria. Other AMR genes such as bla TEM-1b, aac 3-IId, qnr S1, and sul 2 were also characterized.

The study identified multiple ESBL-encoding genes, including bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-32, and bla SHV-12, as well as carbapenemase gene bla NDM-1, in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from dairy cattle farms. These genes were associated with resistance to various beta-lactam antibiotics. Additionally, several other AMR genes such as aadA2, ant(3")-Ia, aph(3')-Ia, dfrA12, sul3, cmlA1, and others were identified, contributing to resistance against aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol. Mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE were linked to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study characterizes antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes and mutations in various Salmonella serovars associated with poultry in Brazil, emphasizing the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) strains. Key findings include the identification of AMR genes such as blaCTX-M-2, blaTEM-1B, aac(3)-lla, aac(3)-lld, aadA1, aadA2, aph(6)-ld, dfrA1, floR, mrc-1, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, tet(A), tet(B), and others, which confer resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study identifies and characterizes the mosaic, multidrug-resistant, and mobilizable IncR plasmid pST1023, which carries several AMR genes including cmlA1, aadA1, aadA2, sul3, tetA(B), dfrA12, and a sil operon conferring resistance to various antibiotics and silver.

The study identifies tet(X4) as a major cause of tigecycline resistance in E. coli ST761 isolates from a pig farm in China. The gene is located on a hybrid plasmid and is part of a multidrug resistance region that includes other resistance genes such as blaTEM-1, tet(A), tet(M), floR, qnrS1, sul3, dfrA5, and mef(B).

The study identified several AMR genes in multi-drug resistant E. coli isolates, including bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-65, bla OXA-1, bla OXA-2, bla CMY-2, bla NDM-1, bla NDM-5, aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-IIe, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aad A5, ant(2′′)-Ia, aph(3′′)-Ib, aph(3′′)-VI, aph(6)-Id, ermB, ermD, fosA3, fosA7, mdtM, emrD, sul1, sul2, sul3, tetA, tetB, tetM, dfrA1, dfrA7, dfrA8, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17, dfrA82, dfrB4, qepA, qepA1, qepA2, qepA4, qnrB19, qnrS1, qacE, catA1, catA2, catB3, cmlA1, mphA.

The study identifies 63 different AMR genes in 90 S. Typhimurium isolates from Peru, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-181, blaSHV-12, blaSHV-134, blaCTX-M-15), quinolone resistance genes (qnrB5, qnrB19, qnrE2), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetD, tetR), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul3), dihydrofolate reductase (dfrA1, dfrA12), florfenicol resistance gene (floR), lincomycin resistance gene (linG), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aph(3″)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA2), colistin resistance gene (mcr-1), and fosfomycin resistance gene (fosA3).

The study identifies various AMR genes in ESBL and/or AmpC-producing E. coli from small and medium pig farms in Thailand, highlighting the co-occurrence of resistance genes conferring resistance to critically important antimicrobials.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella isolates from multistate reptile- and amphibian-associated salmonellosis outbreaks in the United States, including bla CMY-2, qnrB19, qnrS1, bla TEM-116, bla TEM-1C, bla TEM-1B, aadA1, aadA2, aph(3")-Ib, aph(6)-Id, dfrA12, sul1, sul3, floR, tet(A), and sul2, which conferred resistance to multiple antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline.

The study identified ESBL-producing E. coli in river water in northern Thailand, with bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-14, and bla CTX-M-27 being the most prevalent beta-lactamase genes. Additionally, mcr-1.1 and mcr-3.4 genes were found to confer resistance to colistin. Various other resistance genes were also characterized, including aac(3)-IId, aadA5, ant(3″)-Ia, aph(3″)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, qnrS1, mdf(A), erm(B), mph(A), floR, sul2, sul3, tet(A), tet(X), tet(M), dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17, cmlA1, catA2, lnu(F), and erm(42).

The study identifies multiple AMR genes, including bla OXA-181, bla TEM-1B, aac (3)-IId, aad A2, cml A1, dfr A12, mef (B), sul 3, tet (A), tet (M), incX3, incX1, incFII, qnr S1, aph (3″)-Ib, aph (6)-Id, flo R, lnu (F), sul 2, sul 3, tet (B), mph (A), mph (G), qnr B4, rmt B, and fos A3, in OXA-181-producing E. coli isolates from pigs and bovines in Italy. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics, including carbapenems, cephalosporins, penicillins, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, macrolides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and fosfomycin.

Rothia nasimurium was isolated from chickens for the first time and found to exhibit multidrug resistance, carrying 13 resistance genes including bla TEM, bla CTX-M, mecA, sul1, sul2, sul3, aac(6′)-Ib, gyrA, aph(3′)-Ia, tet(A), tetM, and ermB.

The study identifies several AMR genes in E. coli strains, including aadA, strA/strB, aphA1, aphA2, tetA, tetB, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA1, dfrA10, dfrA12, floR, and blaSHV, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as streptomycin, neomycin, tetracycline, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, and cephalosporins.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from wild and domestic animals in Thailand, including blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCMY-2, aac(3)-IV, aadA, tetA, tetB, qnrA, sul3, dfrA1, dfrA5, and dfrA7, which conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, gentamicin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Heidelberg, including bla CMY-2, bla TEM-1A, bla TEM-1B, bla TEM-214, mcr -9, and others, highlighting the prevalence of resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and other antimicrobial agents.

The study identifies a diverse array of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes across various plasmid replicon types in enteric pathogens, highlighting the prevalence of resistance genes in plasmids such as IncHI2, IncN, IncA/C, IncP, IncHI1, and IncFIA. Key AMR genes include aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-IIg, aac(6')-Ib3, aadA1, aadA5, aph(3'')-Ib, bla CMY-2, bla CTX-M-27, bla NDM-1, mcr-9.1, and others, which confer resistance to antibiotics such as gentamicin, cephalosporins, carbapenems, colistin, and tetracycline.

The study identified various AMR genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from agricultural farms and open markets in Edo State, Nigeria, including blaTEM, blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-15, tetM, tetA, tetB, sul1, sul2, sul3, ant(4')-Ia, aacC(3)-1, qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qnrS, cat::pC194, cat::pC221, intI1, and intI2. These genes conferred resistance to multiple antibiotics, indicating the presence of multidrug-resistant E. coli in the studied environments.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from China, highlighting the increasing prevalence of resistance to beta-lactams, quinolones, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides. Key genes include blaTEM-1B, blaCTX-M-14, aac(3)-IV, and mcr-1.

The study identified several AMR genes in Salmonella enterica strains from poultry products in Northern Kazakhstan, including tetA, tetB, blaTEM, aadA, sul3, catII, and cmlA, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as tetracycline, beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified several AMR genes in Salmonella and E. coli isolates from estuarine environments, including bla TEM, cmlA, sul3, tetA, dfrA12, and bla CTX-M-55, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant and ESBL-producing bacteria in these environments.

The study identified various carbapenem resistance genes such as bla KPC, bla KPC-3, bla KPC-2, bla NDM, and bla OXA-232, as well as aminoglycoside resistance genes like aph(6)-Id, aph(3″)-Ib, and others. It also found sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), beta-lactam resistance genes (bla TEM, bla OXA), and quinolone resistance genes (qnrS1).

The study characterizes the molecular mechanism of plasmid-borne resistance to sulfonamide antibiotics mediated by sul genes (sul1, sul2, sul3). These genes encode sulfonamide-insensitive dihydropteroate synthase enzymes that confer broad resistance to sulfonamides.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in E. coli isolates from Australian urine samples, including blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-14, blaTEM-28, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA17, dfrA5, dfrA1, dfrB4, tetA, tetB, mphA, cmlA1, cmlA5, catB3, sat2, qnrD1, fosA7, aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-IIe, aph(3')-IIa, aph(6)-Id, ant(3'')-IIa, intI1, and intI2. These genes were associated with resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, tetracycline, macrolides, chloramphenicol, streptothricin, quinolones, fosfomycin, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified beta-lactamase genes (blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M-55, blaCTX-M-27), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetC), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IId, aadA5, ant(3")-Ia, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3")-lb, aph(6)-ld), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), amphenicol resistance gene (floR), trimethoprim resistance genes (dfrA1, dfrA17), and MLS resistance genes (Inu(F), erm(B), mph(A)) in E. coli isolates from coyotes and wild hogs. Additionally, chromosomal mutations in ampC, gyrA, parC, and parE were found to confer resistance to beta-lactam and quinolone antibiotics.

The study identified multidrug-resistant, hydrogen sulfide-producing variants of Escherichia coli from Bangladesh, highlighting the presence of various AMR genes such as bla TEM1B, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-65, bla CTX-M-123, aadA1, aadA2, aph (3')-Ia, aph (3'')-Ib, aph (6)-Id, tet(A), tet(M), sul3, sul2, dfrA12, mph(A), floR, cmlA1, qacL, and qnrS1.

The study identified 53 resistance genes and 13 categories of 195 virulence factors in multidrug-resistant ETEC isolates from diarrheic pigs, including tet(A), floR, aph(3')-Ia, aadA2, bleO, sul3, dfrA12, QnrS1, and tet(X4).

The study identified 25 different antimicrobial resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Gallibacterium anatis biovar haemolytica strains from Polish geese and hens, including tetB, blaTEM-1, blaROB-1, floR, sul2, sul3, dfrK, aadA1, aadA2, aph(3)-la, aph(3)-lb, aph(6)-ld, sat2, dfrA14, dfrA32, merC, merP, merR, merT, qacL, and cmlA1.

The study identified several beta-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-65, bla CTX-M-130, bla CTX-M-27, and bla CMY-2, as well as other resistance genes such as qnrS1, qnrB6, mph(A), oqxAB, mcr-1.1, tet(A), tet(B), sul1, sul2, sul3, aac(6')-Ib, aph(3")-Ib, floR, drfA14, drfA1, and Inu(F), which contribute to cefotaxime resistance in Salmonella strains isolated from retail meat samples in Shenzhen, China.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in extraintestinal E. coli populations from broilers treated with enrofloxacin. Key findings include the presence of qnrB19 and qnrS1 genes, which confer fluoroquinolone resistance, and mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE genes associated with fluoroquinolone resistance. Additionally, multiple other AMR genes were detected, indicating multidrug resistance.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs) co-localized on plasmids in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from marine bivalves, highlighting the potential for co-selection of these genes in the marine environment.

The study identifies mcr-1.1 as a plasmid-mediated colistin resistance gene and characterizes several chromosomal mutations in mgrB, arnT, pmrA, pmrB, pmrC, phoQ, and arnB that contribute to colistin resistance in K. pneumoniae isolates from Egypt.

The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from Kuwait's marine environment, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, fluoroquinolone resistance genes, sulfonamide resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, and macrolide resistance genes. Additionally, the MFS-type drug efflux gene mdfA was commonly found in E. coli isolates.

The study identified several extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC resistance genes, including bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-1, bla CMY-2, and bla CMY-62, in Escherichia coli and Escherichia marmotae isolates from European starlings in Tunisia. Additionally, aminoglycoside resistance genes such as aph(6)-Id and aph(3″)-Ib, along with fosA3, sul1, sul2, sul3, drfA1, drfA17, tet(A), and qnrS1 were also characterized.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in multidrug-resistant E. coli strains isolated from human clinical, animal, and environmental sources in Tamaulipas, Mexico. These genes include beta-lactamases (bla CTX-M-15, bla OXA-1, bla TEM-1B, bla CMY-2), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aac3-IIa), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul2, sul3), phenicol resistance gene (catB3), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B)), quaternary ammonium resistance genes (qacE, qacL), macrolide resistance genes (mdfA, mphA), and quinolone resistance gene (qnrB).

The study identifies tet(X4) and tmexCD1-toprJ1 as key genes contributing to tigecycline resistance in E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates from hospital sewage, highlighting the role of plasmid-mediated resistance and efflux pump overexpression.

The study identified several β-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-55, bla SHV12, bla CMY-2, bla TEM-1B, bla TEM-106, and bla TEM-126, which confer resistance to various β-lactam antibiotics. Other resistance genes such as aac(6′)-Ib-cr, qnrS1, tet(A), tet(B), tet(M), aadA5, aadA2b, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA17, dfrA5, dfrA14, dfrA12, mph(A), cmlA1, catA2, aac(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IId, and lnu(F) were also characterized, providing insights into the multidrug resistance profiles of ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from clams in the Central Adriatic.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from wild birds, including tet(A), tet(B), strA/strB, aphA1, sul1, sul2, and sul3, which confer resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, kanamycin, and sulfonamides.

The study identified three bla CTX-M variants (bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, and bla CTX-M-65) and a broad resistome in ESBL-producing E. coli strains isolated from non-human primates in the Peruvian Amazon.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis isolates from humans and animals in Spain, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains and the role of plasmids in the dissemination of resistance mechanisms.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli isolated from retail produce in Bangkok, Thailand. Key findings include the presence of bla TEM, qnrS, tetA, tetB, strA, and strB genes, as well as gyrA and parC mutations associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Salmonella Rissen isolates from China, including blaTEM, sul2, sul3, tetA, strA, strB, aadA, intl1VR(cx), and qacED1, which contribute to resistance against various antibiotics such as ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and streptomycin.

The study identified various beta-lactamase genes, including blaSPM, blaKPC, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaOXA, blaTEM, blaPER, blaVIM, and blaVIM-2 in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaKPC, blaNDM, and blaOXA in Klebsiella pneumoniae. Additionally, aac(3)-IV, aadA1, aac(3)-II, sul2, sul1, sul3, dfrA, cmlA, and tetA were found to confer resistance to aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, and tetracyclines.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes, including strA (streptomycin resistance), sul3 (sulfonamide resistance), and blaTEM (extended-spectrum beta-lactamase), in bacterial isolates from companion animal wounds. These genes were detected using PCR and were associated with resistance to specific antibiotics.

The study identified several AMR genes in Aeromonas hydrophila isolates from fish samples, including tetA, blaTEM, qnrA, qnrB, sul1, and sul3, indicating multidrug resistance.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Vagococcus salmoninarum isolates from a rainbow trout farm, including tetA, sul1, sul2, sul3, dhfr1, ereB, and floR, which confer resistance to tetracycline, sulfonamides, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, erythromycin, lincomycin, pristinamycin, tylosin, and florfenicol.

The study identified 35 AMR genes and 30 chromosomal-mediated gene mutations in Salmonella strains from Bangkok canal water, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains with resistance to various antimicrobial classes.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Avibacterium paragallinarum isolates from Guangdong, China, including tet(B), aph(3')-Ia, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aad-A, sul2, sul3, catP, floR, blaOXA-1, blaCTX-M-14, erm(X), mef(B), and fosA3. These genes were associated with resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, kanamycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, erythromycin, and fosfomycin.

The study identified various beta-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1b, bla OXA-1, and carbapenem resistance genes like bla NDM-5, bla NDM-7, and bla NDM-1, in ESBL-producing and carbapenem-resistant E. coli isolates from Bangladesh.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant E. coli strains causing infections in dogs and cats, including bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-55, bla CMY-2, bla CMY-148, aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrS1, qnrB6, aadA2, aadA5, aadA16, ant(3′′)-Ia, aph(3′)-Ia, aph(3′′)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, rmtB, floR, cmlA, catA, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfr17, dfrA27, tet(A), tet(B), tet(M), mph(A), erm(B), lnu(F), and arr-3, as well as the gyrA:p.S83L mutation.

The study identified various AMR genes in bacterial isolates from synanthropic rodents and shrews, including mecA, mecC, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, tet, sul3, sul4, and qnrA, indicating their role as reservoirs of AMR pathogens.

The study identifies catA and cmlA as the primary genes responsible for chloramphenicol resistance in E. coli and Salmonella isolates from Thailand, highlighting their persistence through co-selection and horizontal gene transfer.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in E. coli isolates from poultry in Bangladesh, including genes conferring resistance to various antibiotics such as tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, colistin, and others. High levels of multidrug resistance were observed, with specific genes like mcr1.1, bla CTX-M-65, and tet(A) playing significant roles.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from patients and the hospital environment, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1B, bla OXA-1, and various aminoglycoside, macrolide, tetracycline, sulfonamide, and trimethoprim resistance genes. Additionally, PMQR genes like qnrS1, qnrB19, qnrB4, and qepA4 were detected, contributing to quinolone resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from irrigation water and fresh produce in South Africa, including bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, aph(6)-Id, ant(3″)-Ia, aadA2, aph(3″)-Ib, sul2, sul3, dfrA1, fosA3, cmlA1, and floR.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Klebsiella isolates from neonates in the NICU, including bla NDM-1, bla CTX-M-15, bla SHV-67, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aadA16, aph(3'')-Ib, and others. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as carbapenems, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones. Additionally, the study found a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain carrying several resistance genes and plasmids.

The study identifies the tet(X4) gene in E. coli isolates from duck farms, demonstrating its presence in a circular intermediate and its ability to transfer via conjugation, highlighting the potential for widespread tigecycline resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in bacteria isolated from the cloaca of nestling ospreys, including bla CTX-M-55, bla EC, tet (A), floR, sul3, dfrA14, aac(3)-IIa, ampC, fosA5, sal (A), blaZ, tet (M), and pbp5. Mutations in gyrA, parC, parE, ompK36, ompK37, rpoB, and pbp5 were also detected, contributing to resistance against various antibiotics.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in the E. coli APEC 36 strain, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, fluoroquinolone resistance genes, and efflux pumps, indicating a high level of multidrug resistance.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in E. coli isolates from wild animals, including beta-lactamases (bla TEM-1B, bla CTX-M-65, bla CTX-M-55, bla EC-1982), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IIa, aadA2, aadA5, ant(3")-Ia, aph(3")-Ib, aph(3′)-Ia, aph(6)-Id), tetracycline resistance genes (tetB, tetA), trimethoprim resistance genes (dfrA17, dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA12), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), macrolide/lincosamide/streptogramin resistance genes (mphB, lnuF, ermC, mefC), quinolone resistance genes (qnrB19, qnrB5, qnrS1, qnrS2), and others. Additionally, point mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identifies the tet(M)-carrying transposon Tn7124 and plasmids pTA2 and pTA7 in E. coli isolates from swine, highlighting the presence of multiple antibiotic resistance genes such as tet(M), tet(A), floR, aadA1, cmlA1, aadA2, sul3, qnrS1, bleO, and oqxAB.

The paper discusses the emergence and global spread of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Salmonella, highlighting the resistance mechanisms involving genes such as blaCTX-M-15, floR, cat1, cat2, strA, strB, aacC(3), aadA, ant(3")-Ia, aph(3)-IIa, tet(A), tet(B), tet(D), tet(G), tet(H), dfrA10, dhfrXII, sul1, sul2, sul3, mphA, and ermB.

The study identifies the colistin resistance gene mcr-8.1 in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 isolates from Armenia, highlighting the emergence of this gene in the region.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli and MRSA isolates from cattle in Austria, including bla CTX-M-1/15, bla CTX-M-9, bla TEM, tet (A), tet (B), dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA14, dfrA17, sul2, sul3, aadA1, aadA2, floR, cmlA, aphA, and bla ACT. Additionally, the MRSA isolate carried the mecA gene, indicating methicillin resistance.

The study identified multiple ESBL and AmpC β-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-3, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-65, bla SHV-12, bla SHV-42, bla DHA-1, bla CMY-2, bla CMY-3, bla CMY-46, bla CMY-101, bla ACT-16, bla CMH-like, and bla MIR-9, along with other AMR genes such as mcr-1, qnrS1, aac(6')-Ib-cr5, and various tetracycline, aminoglycoside, sulfonamide, chloramphenicol, macrolide, lincosamide, and rifampicin resistance genes in Enterobacterales isolates from imported healthy reptiles.

The study presents a comprehensive meta-analysis of antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from mammalian wild game, highlighting the prevalence of various AMR genes and mutations across different bacterial species.

The study identifies CTX-M-55, CTX-M-65, CTX-M-27, and CTX-M-14 ESβL-producing E. coli and K. pneumoniae in companion animals in Ecuador, highlighting their global One Health significance and the need for surveillance programs.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella Kentucky ST198 strains from Zimbabwe, highlighting their multidrug resistance and the presence of specific resistance mechanisms such as blaCTX-M-14.1 and mutations in gyrA and parC.

The study identified multiple plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, including aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrA, qnrS, and oqxAB, as well as GyrA mutations (S83Y, D87Y, S83Y-D87Y, S83R, D87N, D87G) in ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enteritidis isolates. These genes and mutations were found to contribute to ciprofloxacin resistance through various mechanisms, including efflux pump overexpression and enzymatic modification of antibiotics.

The study identified several AMR genes in Morganella clinical isolates, including tet(B), sul1, catA2, sul2, floR, aadA1, and others, contributing to resistance against various antibiotics.