The study developed and validated PCR primers for detecting tetracycline efflux genes in gram-negative bacteria, identifying multiple tet genes in swine feed, feces, and groundwater, highlighting the spread of tetracycline resistance in agricultural environments.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella isolates from cats, including blaTEM, cat, sul2, tet(A), and dfrA1, which confer resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, tetracycline, and trimethoprim, respectively.

The study identified tet(A), tet(B), and tet(M) as tetracycline resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii strains, with tet(B) additionally conferring resistance to minocycline. The efflux gene adeB was present in all strains regardless of tet gene status.

The study developed and validated real-time PCR assays to quantify ten major classes of tetracycline resistance genes (tet) in microbiome samples, revealing significant differences in tet gene abundance between bovine and swine manures, with swine manures showing higher levels. Composting significantly reduced tet gene abundance.

The study identifies several tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(C), tet(33)) and gene cassettes (aadA1, aadA2, aadA9, aadA11, dfrA1, dfrB2a) associated with class 1 integrons in various bacterial species isolated from pigsties and manured soil.

The study identified tet(A) and tet(B) genes as the primary tetracycline resistance mechanisms in commensal E. coli strains from Swedish infants, highlighting their prevalence and association with other antibiotic resistances.

The study identified multiple multidrug-resistant commensal E. coli isolates in children from Peru and Bolivia, highlighting the prevalence of resistance genes such as blaTEM, tet(A), tet(B), dfrA8, sul1, sul2, and catI.

The study identifies the pBC16 tetracycline resistance gene (tet) in Bacillus subtilis and demonstrates that its regulation follows a variation of the translation attenuation model, where the wild-type gene confers resistance without requiring mutations.

The study demonstrates the successful incorporation of the cat and tet genes into the stx2 gene of prophages using the lambda Red recombinase system, resulting in the production of recombinant prophages that confer resistance to chloramphenicol and tetracycline.

The study identified tet(B) and tet(A) as the primary tetracycline resistance determinants in tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates from dairy cattle.

The study identified various acquired antibiotic resistance genes in commensal E. coli isolates from a remote community with minimal antibiotic exposure, including blaTEM, catI, cmlA6, tet(A), tet(B), dfrA1, dfrA7, dfrA8, dfrA17, sul1, sul2, aphA1, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aadB, and sat-1. These genes were found to be similar to those seen in antibiotic-exposed settings, indicating the dissemination of resistant bacteria and resistance genes from such environments.

The study found that high concentrations of chlortetracycline (CTC) selected for increased tetracycline resistance in aerobic bacterial populations, with a greater diversity of tet resistance genes detected in the high-CTC chemostat compared to low-CTC and control chemostats.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from broiler chickens, including blaTEM, blaSHV, aadA, tet(A), tet(B), sulI, sulII, and floR, which conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as amoxicillin, tetracycline, sulfonamides, and chloramphenicol.

The study characterizes multiple-drug resistance plasmids from Photobacterium damselae subsp. piscicida, identifying genes conferring resistance to kanamycin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, sulfonamide, and trimethoprim.

The study identified various AMR genes in E. coli isolates from humans and swine, highlighting differences in resistance profiles between the two hosts. Key genes included beta-lactamases (blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV), aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (aac(6')-Ib, aadA), tetracycline resistance (tet(A)), quinolone resistance (qnrS1), macrolide resistance (erm(B)), and efflux pumps (mexAB-OprM).

The study identified bla TEM1, tet (A), and sul2 as prevalent resistance genes in commensal E. coli from beef cattle, highlighting the impact of antimicrobial use on resistance dissemination.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in a multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain, including mecA, aadD, bleO, ermC, tet, and a chromosomal mutation in gyrA, contributing to resistance against beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones.

The paper provides an updated overview of drug efflux pumps in bacteria, focusing on their structure, mechanisms, and roles in multidrug resistance. It highlights the importance of RND, MFS, MATE, SMR, and ABC transporters in efflux-mediated resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes in commensal E. coli from pigs, including blaTEM, catA1, aph(3')-Ia, aadA, strA/strB, tet(A), tet(B), sul1, sul2, and sul3. These genes conferred resistance to antibiotics such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, spectinomycin, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole. However, the presence of these resistance genes did not provide a significant colonization advantage or disadvantage in the pig intestine.

Two E. coli isolates from Galápagos land iguanas were found to carry acquired resistance genes, including tet(B), aadB, aacA4, cat1, tet(A), blaTEM, and sul1, indicating human-related contamination in a remote ecosystem.

The study identified multiple tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(W), tet(C), tet(J), tet(L), tet(D), tet(Y), and tet(K)) in environmental bacteria from an oxytetracycline production wastewater treatment plant and the receiving river, highlighting the widespread dissemination of these genes in aquatic environments exposed to high levels of antibiotic residues.

The study identified the tetracycline resistance gene tet(B) and the ampicillin resistance gene tem1-like in Escherichia coli isolates from feedlot cattle. These genes were found to confer resistance to tetracycline and ampicillin, respectively.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from animals, including bla TEM, bla CTX-M-2, bla CMY-2, strA-strB, aadA, aphA1, aadB, cat, floR, sul1, sul2, tet(A), and tet(B). These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from Irish cattle farms, including strA-strB, aphA1, aadA, aadB, blaTEM, sul2, tet(A), and tet(B). These genes were associated with resistance to streptomycin, neomycin, kanamycin, spectinomycin, ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, sulfonamides, and tetracycline.

The study identified QRDR mutations in gyrA and parC, as well as the aac(6')-Ib-cr gene, class 1 and class 2 integrons, and various resistance genes including blaTEM-1, catA1, dfrA1, dfrA17, aadA1, aadA5, strA, tet, and aphA1-Ia in ETEC strains, contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from poultry meat in Tunisia, including blaTEM, aadA1, aadA2, dfrA1, sul1, sul2, sul3, strA-strB, cmlA, and tet(A). These genes contribute to resistance against multiple antibiotics such as ampicillin, sulfonamides, streptomycin, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, and tetracycline.

The study identified various genomic islands (GIs) in enterobacteria, including those carrying antibiotic resistance genes such as beta-lactamase (bla), tetracycline efflux protein (tet), and mercury resistance operon (mer). These GIs were found to be horizontally transferred and contributed to the virulence and resistance profiles of the strains analyzed.

The study characterizes multiple AMR genes and mutations in Acinetobacter spp., including OXA-type carbapenemases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, and fluoroquinolone resistance genes, highlighting the increasing challenge of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter infections.

The study characterizes several tetracycline resistance genes, including tet(M), tet(K), tet(B), tet(A), and tet(X), demonstrating their roles in conferring resistance to tetracycline and related antibiotics.

The study identified the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes such as bla CMY-2, tet(A), and tet(B) in Escherichia coli isolates from raccoons in Southern Ontario, Canada. These genes confer resistance to ceftiofur and tetracycline.

The study reports the emergence of tetracycline-resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 biotype El Tor serotype Ogawa with classical ctxB from a recent cholera outbreak in Orissa, India. The isolates showed resistance to tetracycline through an efflux-mediated mechanism.

The study identified various plasmid-borne antimicrobial resistance genes in multi-drug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates from a newly opened hospital in Iraq, including aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, sulfamethoxazole/trime-thoprim, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol resistance genes.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations associated with drug resistance in S. aureus, including blaZ, mecA, tet, tetM, aacA-aphD, and mutations in rpsL, rpsJ, grlA, and gyrA.

The study identified tetracycline resistance genes tet(A) and tet(B) in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from both US and Afghanistan-based military personnel.

The study identified the emergence of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis isolates carrying blaTEM-52, blaTEM-20, blaCTX-M-25, and blaCMY-2 genes, which confer resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins and other beta-lactams. Additionally, non-beta-lactam resistance genes such as aadA1, sul1, tet(A), and aphA1-Iab were prevalent.

The study identified tet(A) and tet(B) efflux genes in Escherichia coli isolates from chicken colons, which confer resistance to tetracycline.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in soil and on vegetables, including genes conferring resistance to tetracycline, aminoglycosides, erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole, and beta-lactams. The presence of these genes was influenced by manure fertilization, with certain genes more frequently detected in manured soils.

The study identified several AMR genes including blaTEM-1, aac(6')-Ib, and tet(A) in multidrug-resistant Shigella species isolated from shigellosis cases in India.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from military treatment facilities, including bla OXA-51-like, bla OXA-23, bla GES-11, aac(6')-Ib, aacC1, aadB, aphA6, and others, highlighting the complex resistome of these isolates.

The study identified tet(A), tet(B), and bla CMY-2 as key resistance genes in E. coli isolates from feedlot cattle, with bla CMY-2 associated with high multidrug resistance. CTC treatment influenced the selection of tetracycline resistance genes, favoring tet(B) over tet(A).

The study identifies various AMR genes in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium monophasic variant 4,[5],12:i:- strains, including aac(3)-IV, bla TEM-1, cmlA1, aadA1, aadA2, strA, sul1, sul2, sul3, tet(A), tet(B), and dfrA12, which confer resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study reports a high prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella Typhi isolates during a prolonged typhoid fever outbreak in Uganda, with 83% of 18 isolates being MDR. It also notes an increase in antimicrobial resistance compared to 2009 isolates.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes including sul1, tet(A), strA, aadA, cat, tet(G), and sul2 in the microbiota of ornamental fish carriage water. These genes were found to be prevalent and associated with various bacterial families.

The study identified various AMR genes in ExPEC E. coli strains, including beta-lactamases (blaCTX-M, blaSHV, blaTEM), quinolone resistance genes (qnrS1), aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (aac(6')-Ib, aadA), tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A)), macrolide resistance genes (mph(A), erm(B), mef(A)), and others. These genes were associated with resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study identified the presence of tet(O) and tet(A) genes in Campylobacter isolates from poultry carcasses in Iran, highlighting the high prevalence of tetracycline resistance in these isolates.

The study identified various AMR genes, including bla TEM, dfr, strB, tet(A), and tet(B), in Gram-negative fecal bacteria from volunteers treated with amoxicillin, minocycline, or placebo. The prevalence of these genes increased significantly in the amoxicillin-treated group.

The study identified various AMR genes, including bla TEM, dfr, strB, tet(A), and tet(B), in Gram-negative fecal bacteria from volunteers treated with amoxicillin, minocycline, or placebo. The prevalence of these genes increased significantly in the amoxicillin-treated group.

The study identified tetracycline resistance genes tet(A), tet(M), and tet(S) in bacterial isolates from Iranian fish farms, with tet(S) being the most prevalent.

The study identified IncP-1ε plasmids carrying genes such as tet(A), sul1, qacEΔ1, intI1, and aadA1, which confer resistance to tetracycline, sulfadiazine, quaternary ammonium compounds, and streptomycin.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes on the IncF plasmid pEC958 from E. coli ST131, including blaCTX-M-15, aac(6')-Ib-cr, blaOXA-1, catB4, mph(A), dfrA17, aadA5, sulI, and tet(A). These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, macrolides, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes, including tet(A), aphA1, blaTEM, and floR, which were transduced by phages isolated from chicken meat, highlighting the role of bacteriophages in the horizontal transfer of antimicrobial resistance.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in MRSA strains from Krasnoyarsk, Siberian Russia, including mecA, blaZ, ermA, ermC, cat, aacA-aphD, aadD, tet, spc, ble, qacA, cad, and mer, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as methicillin, ampicillin, erythromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, gentamicin, kanamycin, tetracycline, spectinomycin, bleomycin, quaternary ammonium compounds, cadmium, and mercury.

The study identified tet(A), tet(B), and tet(C) as the predominant tetracycline resistance genes in E. coli isolates from beef cattle, with tet(B) showing higher MIC values compared to tet(A).

The study identified the prevalence of tetracycline resistance genes, particularly tet(A), among multi-drug resistant bacteria in water distribution systems in southwestern Nigeria, highlighting the potential for horizontal gene transfer.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in swine fecal samples using qPCR, including tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(M), tet(O), tet(W)), erythromycin resistance genes (ermB, ermF), sulfonamide resistance genes (sulI, sulII), beta-lactam resistance genes (blaCTX-M-1 group, blaCMY-2, blaSHV family), and glycopeptide resistance gene (vanA).

The study identified several AMR genes in ETEC isolates from Peruvian children, including bla TEM-like for ampicillin resistance, sul2 for sulfamethoxazole resistance, tet(A) and tet(B) for tetracycline resistance, and mph(A) for azithromycin resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in Bordetella bronchiseptica isolates, including blaBOR-1, blaOXA, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, dfrA7, and tet(A). These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, streptomycin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas isolates from water distribution systems in southwestern Nigeria, including tet(A), sul1, blaTEM, aph(3")c, and ant(3")b.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Weissella species, including fosB, mdt-fosB, mrp, vanZ, sul, tet, and drrC, which confer resistance to fosfomycin, methicillin, teicoplanin, sulfonamide, tetracycline, and daunorubicin respectively.

ShortBRED was developed to improve the accuracy and efficiency of profiling antibiotic resistance (AR) protein families in metagenomic data. The study identified tetracycline-resistant ribosomal protection proteins and Class A beta-lactamases as the most widely distributed resistance mechanisms globally.

The study identified tetracycline, trimethoprim, and amoxicillin resistance genes (tet, dfrA, and blaTEM-1) in E. coli strains from buffalo and cattle populations in Zimbabwe, highlighting the role of human-animal interfaces in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance.

The study identifies the emergence of a multidrug-resistant ESBL-producing Salmonella Infantis clone transmitting from broilers and broiler meat to humans in Italy, harboring the bla CTX-M-1 and bla CTX-M-65 genes, along with resistance genes tet(A), sul1, dfrA1, and dfrA14.

The draft genome sequence of Proteus mirabilis NO-051/03 reveals the presence of multiple acquired resistance genes, including blaCMY-16 and blaTEM-1b, which confer resistance to β-lactams, as well as genes for resistance to aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, trimethoprim, and sulfonamides. Additionally, mutations in gyrA, gyrB, and parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified several plasmid-mediated resistance genes in fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria, including aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrS, qnrD, oqx A, blaTEM, blaOXA, blaCTX-M, blaSHV, tet(A), tet(K), tet(L), and tet(S). These genes were found to confer resistance to fluoroquinolones, beta-lactams, and tetracyclines.

The study found that ESBL-plasmid carriage does not reduce fitness but enhances virulence in some strains of pandemic E. coli lineages. It identified several AMR genes on the ESBL-plasmids, including beta-lactamases (blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-27, blaCTX-M-14), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetR), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA, aac(6')-Ib-cr), chloramphenicol resistance gene (catB4), sulfonamide resistance gene (sul2), streptomycin resistance genes (strA, strB), dihydrofolate reductase genes (dhfrVII, dfrA17), and aminoglycoside phosphotransferase gene (aph(3')-Ia). Non-antibiotic resistance genes such as finO, traT, icc, yfaX, yihA, and hha were also identified.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from Portuguese poultry, including tet(A), blaTEM, sul1, and blaCTX-M. High levels of resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, and cefotaxime were observed.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes, including bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M, tet(A), and tet(B), carried by IncF plasmids in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from Tanzanian water sources. These genes contribute to resistance against ampicillin, ceftazidime, and tetracycline.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in IncHI1 plasmids of Salmonella Typhimurium, including tet(B), tet(A), blaTEM, strA, strB, sul2, aadA, dfrA, catA1, aphA1a, and aad(3)IId, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as tetracycline, beta-lactam, streptomycin, sulfonamide, aminoglycoside, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes, including ampC, tet(A), and mecA, in water samples from a First Nations community in Canada, highlighting concerns about water quality and potential health risks.

The study presents SSTAR, a software tool for identifying antimicrobial resistance (AR) genes from whole-genome sequencing data. It detects known AR genes and potential new variants, including truncated forms. The tool was applied to analyze resistance genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae ST437 and Escherichia coli ST44, revealing various beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside resistance genes, and porin mutations contributing to resistance.

The complete genome sequence of Bacillus sp. VT 712 reveals several antibiotic resistance genes, including those encoding resistance to vancomycin (vanZ, vanB, vanW), tetracycline (tet(A)), fosfomycin (fosB), multidrug resistance efflux pumps (including acrB), beta-lactamases, and the quaternary ammonium compound resistance protein sugE.

High levels of resistance to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline were observed in Campylobacter isolates from Kenyan chicken, with specific genes (gyrA, tet(O), and tet(A)) identified as contributing to resistance.

The study reports the identification of several AMR genes in a multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Bardo strain, including strA, strB, cmy-94, floR, sulII, tet(A), and aac6-Iy.

The study identified multiple AMR genes, including blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-1, aac(6')-Ib-cr, tet(A), mphA, strA, strB, aadA5, sul1, sul2, dfrA12, dfrA17, catA1, and catB3, in ESBL-producing E. coli ST131 isolates from Nepal and Japan. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics, including β-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, macrolides, sulfonamides, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in commensal E. coli isolates from cattle and their attendants in Tanzania, including blaTEM-1B, sul1, sul2, and tet(A). These genes conferred resistance to beta-lactams, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and tetracycline, respectively.

The study identified numerous antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from river water, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant and extraintestinal pathogenic strains. Key resistance genes included blaTEM-1, aac(3)-IId, qnrB7, and others.

The study identified beta-lactam resistance gene bla CMY and tetracycline resistance genes tet (A) and tet (B) in multidrug-resistant E. coli and Salmonella isolates.

The study identifies Saccharomyces cerevisiae IFST 062013 as a potential probiotic with resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, gentamicin, penicillin, polymyxin B, and nalidixic acid.

The study characterizes various AMR genes and mutations in K. pneumoniae panel strains, including beta-lactamases (bla SHV-11, bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M15, bla OXA-1, bla SHV-12, bla SHV-187, bla SHV-158, bla DHA-1, bla CMY-2), aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (aac(6')-Ib, strA, strB, aadA1, aadA2), quinolone resistance genes (qnrB66, qnrB4, oqxA, oqxB), tetracycline resistance (tet(A)), trimethoprim resistance (dfrA14), sulfonamide resistance (sul1, sul2), and porin genes (OmpK35, OmpK36).

The study identified multiple AMR genes in E. coli isolates from marine bivalves, including bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, and various aminoglycoside, trimethoprim, sulfonamide, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, quinolone, and macrolide resistance genes. These findings highlight the potential risk of MDR Enterobacteriaceae in marine environments.

The study identifies carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter indicus-like isolates from cattle carrying the blaOXA-23 gene, along with various other AMR genes such as aac(3)-IIa, strA/B, aph(3')-Ic, sul2, floR, tet(A), tet(Y), aadA1, aadB, sul1, and tet(X).

The study identified and quantified the presence of tet(A) and tet(B) genes in conventional and organic baby foods, indicating the widespread distribution of tetracycline-resistant bacteria in both types of products.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica isolates from dairy cattle and humans in New York and Washington States, highlighting the role of geographic and source-specific factors in AMR dissemination.

The study identified a few antibiotic-resistant E. coli clones in Zimbabwean cows, including resistance to tetracycline, penicillins, and trimethoprim, but these were rare and subdominant.

The study identified 46 AMR genes or gene families in 90 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Kenya, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance and the diversity of resistance mechanisms.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from North Carolina community hospitals, including bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-14, aac(6′)-Ib-cr, qnrS1, and mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE that confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified four tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(L), tet(M), and tet(S)) in cheese bacteria using functional metagenomics.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes, including bla_CMY-2, bla_TEM, aadA2, tet(A), tet(B), sul1, and sul2, in multiple Salmonella serotypes isolated from swine farm environments. These genes were found on plasmids and contributed to resistance against beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from raw meat, including blaCMY, tet(A), and sul1, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, tetracyclines, and sulfonamides, respectively.

The study identifies antibiotic resistance genes in Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio campbellii strains isolated from an AHPND-affected pond, highlighting the presence of tetracycline, sulfonamide, streptomycin, and florfenicol resistance mechanisms.

The study identified the presence of the blaCTX-M-15 gene in a UK-isolated lineage 2 strain of Salmonella Typhimurium, highlighting the potential for spread of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase resistance.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in 11 multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, including ESBL genes (blaCTX-M-15, blaSHV-12, blaTEM-1B), fluoroquinolone resistance genes (oqxAB, qnrB), and others such as catA, catB, tet, sul, dfr, and fosA. These genes contribute to resistance against various antibiotics, highlighting the complex resistance profile of these isolates.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in E. coli isolates from children with cystic fibrosis, cancer, and healthy controls, highlighting differences in resistance profiles between groups.

The study identified the beta-lactamase gene blaTEM-171 and the tetracycline resistance gene tet(A) in the multidrug-resistant coliform strain COL1, which were validated through plasmid transformation and antibiotic susceptibility testing.

The study identified the beta-lactamase gene blaTEM-171 and the tetracycline resistance gene tet(A) in the multidrug-resistant coliform strain COL1, which were validated through plasmid transformation and antibiotic susceptibility testing.

The study explores the complex resistomes of Paenibacillaceae, revealing diverse antibiotic resistance mechanisms including intrinsic and acquired resistance genes such as aadD2, vanA, vanB, vanC, vanD, vanE, vanF, vanG, mcr, bla, tet, qnr, erm, mph, lnu, lsa, vat, vgb, cat, cfr, optrA, poxtA, sul, dfr, mexAB-OprM, acrAB-TolC, and oqxAB.

The study identified a high prevalence of CTX-M-15-type ESBL-producing E. coli in migratory avian species in Pakistan, highlighting the role of wild birds as reservoirs of multidrug-resistant bacteria and the potential for horizontal gene transfer of resistance determinants.

The study characterized blaCTX-M-1 and blaCMY-2 genes in E. coli isolates from French broilers, highlighting their roles in extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance and the presence of virulence genes on blaCMY-2-containing plasmids.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in feedlots and urban wastewater, highlighting the prevalence of sulfonamide, tetracycline, macrolide, fluoroquinolone, and β-lactam resistance genes in different environments.

The study identified numerous antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in antibiotic manufacturing effluents and receiving sediments, highlighting the presence of both known and potentially novel resistance mechanisms. Key findings include the discovery of macrolide resistance genes such as hflx, msr(e), mph(e), mph(g), and mef(c), as well as sulfonamide resistance genes sul1 and sul2, and beta-lactamase genes like bla ges-1, bla veb-9, and bla cm y-10. Additionally, trimethoprim resistance genes dfr14, dfra1, and dfr17 were identified.

The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes within integron gene cassettes in wastewater treatment plants, including aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, blaOXA-1, blaOXA-10, blaOXA-101, blaOXA-129, blaOXA-21, blaOXA-28, catB8, dfrA14, erm, qacE2, sul1, tet, orfD, and orfA, which confer resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and quaternary ammonium compounds.

The study identifies clinically relevant ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae ST307 and E. coli ST38 in an urban West African rat population, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains carrying various resistance genes such as blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-9, and others.

The study identifies clinically relevant ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae ST307 and E. coli ST38 in an urban West African rat population, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains carrying various resistance genes such as blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-9, and others.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates from pigs and abattoir workers in Cameroon, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1B, bla SHV-28, and others, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains and their potential for zoonotic transmission.

The study identified tetracycline resistance in Clostridium perfringens isolates from diarrheic and non-diarrheic dogs in Korea, with 25.0% of isolates showing resistance to tetracycline.

The study identified the presence of human-associated Escherichia coli clonal groups, including ST131, in Antarctic pinnipeds. It also characterized resistance genes such as blaTEM-1 and tet(A) in some isolates.

The paper discusses the prevalence and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus species, particularly focusing on macrolide, lincosamide, and tetracycline resistance. Key genes identified include erm(B), erm(A), lnuB, lnuD, mefA, mefE, msr, tet(B), tet(K), tet(L), tet(M), tet(O), and tet(S).

The study reports a pan-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate with resistance to all 26 antibiotics tested, including multiple beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, sulfonamide resistance, and colistin resistance due to mgrB inactivation.

The study identified and characterized multiple tetracycline resistance genes, including tet(A), tet(B), tet(M), tet(O), tet(O/W/32/O), tet(Q), and tet(X), in Riemerella anatipestifer isolates from ducks in China. The tet(X) gene was found to be the primary mechanism of tetracycline resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica, including blaTEM-1, strA-strB, sul2, tet(A), qnrS1, aadA2, aadA17, floR, cmlA1, aac(3)-Id, aac(3)-IIa, dfrA12, dfrA1, dfrA14, blaCTX-M-9, blaCTX-M-55, blaSHV-12, blaPSE-1/blaCARB-2, and blaCMY-2, along with mutations in gyrA and parC associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from equine patients, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, and genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines, macrolides, and other antibiotics.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in STEC O117:H7 isolates, including the azithromycin resistance gene mphA, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, blaTEM-1B, blaTEM-1C, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA, dfrA5, ermB, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, tet(A), tet(B), qnrs1, and a mutation in gyrA (S83L) associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified the presence of tet(A) and tet(B) resistance genes in droppings of broiler chickens treated with chlortetracycline, indicating tetracycline resistance in E. coli isolates.

The study identified several AMR genes in Salmonella isolates from Ghana, including blaTEM-1B, blaTEM-52B, blaCTX-M-15, tet(A), dfrA15, sul1, sul2, catA1, strA, strB, aadA1, catB3, qnrB1, aac(6')Ib-cr, and blaOXA-1. These genes were found on various plasmids, highlighting the diversity of resistance mechanisms in the studied isolates.

The study characterizes a novel multidrug resistance plasmid pSGB23 isolated from Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Saintpaul, carrying 11 antibiotic resistance genes responsible for resistance to 9 classes of antibiotics and quaternary ammonium compounds.

The study identifies several AMR genes, including floR, tet(A), tet(B), tet(H), tet(l), tet(34), tet(35), aac(6')-Ib-cr, and intI1, associated with resistance to florfenicol, oxytetracycline, quinolones, and kanamycin in Chilean salmon farming environments.

The study identifies the tet(A) gene variant in a conjugative plasmid as a mechanism for tigecycline resistance and the inactivation of the mgrB gene via IS 903B insertion as a mechanism for colistin resistance in CRKP strains.

The paper discusses the characterization of various antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), AmpC cephalosporinases, carbapenemases, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, fosfomycin resistance genes, and tetracycline resistance genes. These genes confer resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics, highlighting the complex nature of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli.

The study identified multiple AMR genes, including blaOXA-48, blaCTX-M-3, blaTEM-1B, blaOXA-1, aac(3)-IId, tet(A), tet(R), and blaCMY-70, in an MDR E. coli isolate. It also detected mutations in gyrA (S83L, D87N) and parC (S80I) contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified multidrug-resistant bacteria in irrigation water and chive, highlighting the role of water quality in the transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Key resistance genes included blaCTX-M-15, mphA, and tet(A).

The study identifies a tetracycline resistance determinant in the Streptococcus faecalis plasmid pCF-10 and maps regions involved in conjugal transfer and pheromone response.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in aEPEC isolates from children in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, highlighting the prevalence of resistance to multiple antibiotics, including ampicillin, streptomycin, trimethoprim/sulphamethoxazole, and tetracycline.

The study compared various plasmid extraction methods to identify those that effectively recover antibiotic resistance plasmids from complex broiler cecal samples. The exogenous plasmid isolation method was found to be the most consistent and reliable for obtaining a wide range of resistance plasmids.

The study identified the presence of tetracycline resistance genes tet(A), tet(C), and tet(M) in longshore sediments of the Three Gorges Reservoir, with varying abundances across different zones and seasons.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in pathogenic E. coli isolates from broiler chickens in Egypt, including CITM, ere, aac(3)-(IV), tet(A), tet(B), dfr(A1), and aad(A1). These genes were associated with resistance to various antibiotics, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant E. coli in poultry.

The study identifies multiresistant Salmonella enterica isolates from legally and illegally imported meat, including AmpC-producing isolates carrying blaCMY-2, tet(A), and sul2 genes, which confer resistance to cephalosporins, tetracycline, and sulfonamides.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in Riemerella anatipestifer, including aac(6')-Ib, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aac(3')-IIc, aac(3')-IV, aph(3')-VII, aph(2')-Ib, bla TEM, bla OXA, tet(A), tet(B), sul1, sul2, sul3, cat2, cmlA, floR, emrF, qnrS, and qnrD. Additionally, mutations in gyrA and parC were found to confer fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified tetracycline (tet(A)), chloramphenicol (cml(A)), and gentamicin (aac(3)-IV) resistance genes in E. coli isolates from milk in central Ethiopia, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium monophasic variants, including blaTEM, aadA, strA, strB, tet(A), tet(B), tet(G), sul1, sul2, sul3, and floR, which confer resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline, sulfisoxazole, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, including bla KPC-2, bla KPC-3, bla NDM-1, bla OXA-48, ampC, qnrB, qnrS, aac(6')-Ib-cr, armA, rmtB, tet(A), tet(B), tet(D), tet(G), sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA25, dfrA26, dfrA30, oqxA, oqxB, and mgrB, as well as mutations in ompK35, ompK36, gyrA, parC, phoP, phoQ, pmrA, and pmrB, which contribute to resistance against multiple antibiotics.

The study identified multiple tetracycline resistance genes, beta-lactamases, and other resistance determinants in E. coli isolates from produce, highlighting the potential for horizontal gene transfer and the significance of the produce microbiome as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes.

The study identified multiple tetracycline resistance genes, beta-lactamases, and other resistance determinants in E. coli isolates from produce, highlighting the potential for horizontal gene transfer and the significance of the produce microbiome as a reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes.

The study identified tetracycline resistance genes tet(A) and tet(B) as the most common in commensal E. coli isolates from cattle farms, along with gene cassettes such as aadA1, dfrA1, dfrA12, sul1, cat1, and floR associated with class 1 integrons.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in S. Typhi isolates from Bangladesh, including blaTEM-1B, blaCTX-M-15, catA1, dfrA7, sul1, sul2, qnrS1, strA, strB, tet(A), tet(B), and mutations in gyrA and parE associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes associated with multi-drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella Typhi in sub-Saharan Africa, including genes encoding resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines. It also notes mutations in the gyrA gene associated with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.

The study identifies the blaIMP-6 gene, along with aacA4'-3, aadA2, and tet(A), as responsible for carbapenem and aminoglycoside resistance in the novel Metakosakonia sp. strain MRY16-398.

The draft genome sequence of Plesiomonas shigelloides strain FM82 reveals the presence of tetracycline resistance genes tet(A) and tet(D), as well as a fluoroquinolone resistance mutation S83I in gyrA.

The study characterizes multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from South-Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo, identifying several AMR genes including blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1, blaOXA-1, aac(6')-Ib, qnrS1, cat, sulI, sulII, tet(A), and dhfr. It also identifies chromosomal mutations in gyrA and parC contributing to quinolone resistance.

The study identified multiple ESBL genes, including bla CTX-M-15, several bla SHV, bla TEM-63, and bla OXA-10, along with other AMR genes across diverse lineages of K. pneumoniae isolates from Malawi. No carbapenem resistance genes were detected, but plasmids similar to carbapenem resistance-associated plasmid pNDM-mar were found.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella Choleraesuis isolates, including aadA1, catA1, cmlA1, floR, mph(B), strA, strB, sul1, sul2, sul3, tet(A), tet(B), dfrA1, aph(3')-Ia, lnu(B), and blaTEM-1. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as streptomycin, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, erythromycin, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, trimethoprim, gentamicin, lincomycin, and ampicillin.

The study identifies a novel integrative conjugative element (ICE), ICESsuHN105, carrying multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Streptococcus suis serotype 5 strain HN105, contributing to its multidrug resistance phenotype.

The study identified the tetracycline resistance gene tetA(P) as being highly enriched in manure-treated soil and rhizosphere, particularly in doxycycline-treated bulk soil, indicating its potential as a marker for soil contamination by antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotics.

The study identified several AMR genes in nontyphoidal Salmonella enterica isolates from chicken meat and human sources in Sri Lanka, including blaCTX-M-15, fosA7, aph(6)-Id, tet(A), blaTEM-1B, qnrS1, sul3, and dfrA14.

The study identifies that deletions in the tetracycline resistance determinant of plasmid RP1 reduce the thermosensitivity of a trfA(Ts) derivative in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, indicating that the tet gene products destabilize the plasmid replicon at higher temperatures.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in the CTX-M-15-producing ST131 E. coli strain C999, including beta-lactamases (blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1, blaOXA-1), aminoglycoside resistance gene (aac(6')-Ib-cr), tetracycline resistance gene (tet(A)), sulfonamide resistance gene (sul1), and aadA5 gene cassette. Mutations in gyrA and parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified bla ctx-M and bla cmy-2 genes as major contributors to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and AmpC beta-lactamase resistance in E. coli isolates from a constructed wetland dominated by a crow roost. Tetracycline resistance was primarily mediated by tet (A), tet (B), and tet (M), while streptomycin resistance was linked to strA, strB, and aadA. Sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim resistance was associated with the sul1 gene.

The study identified several AMR genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from Brazil, including qnrE1, qnrB19, qnrS1, blaCTX-M-2, blaCTX-M-8, blaCMY-2, aadA1, aadA2, aac(3)-IVa, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ib, floR, sul1, sul2, tet(A), tet(B), strA, strB, drfA1, inu(F), qacEdelta1, and fosA7. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as fluoroquinolones, beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, macrolides, quaternary ammonium compounds, and fosfomycin.

The study identifies multiple multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Goldcoast strains in Taiwan, highlighting the emergence of an ST358 clone carrying various resistance genes, including blaCTX-M-55, mcr-1, and others, contributing to the rapid increase in infections.

The study identified tetracycline resistance in Listeria monocytogenes isolates from retail foods in Zhejiang Province, China.

The study identified multiple carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CP-Kp) strains carrying various resistance genes, including blaKPC-2, blaNDM-1, and others, contributing to multidrug resistance. Plasmid analysis revealed the presence of resistance genes on different plasmids, highlighting the complexity of resistance mechanisms.

The study detected high levels of multidrug-resistant (MDR) Escherichia coli in pig farms in Kupang, Indonesia, with a significant prevalence of tet(A) and tet(E) genes associated with tetracycline resistance.

The study identified resistance to ampicillin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline in Salmonella isolates from a pig slaughterhouse, with no significant changes in resistance patterns after cleaning and disinfection procedures.