The study identified tetracycline resistance genes (tetB, tetC, tetD, tetY, and tetG) in fish farm bacteria that are similar to those found in clinical isolates, indicating a shared origin of these resistance genes.

The study identified several efflux transporter genes, including tet(B), tet(C), tet(K), acrAB, acrEF, and bcr, that influence the susceptibility of Escherichia coli to tigecycline. While tigecycline was effective against strains expressing these efflux pumps, it was found to be a substrate for AcrAB and AcrEF, suggesting potential resistance mechanisms.

The study identifies the tet(C) gene as the tetracycline resistance determinant in Chlamydia suis, which is integrated into the chlamydial chromosome within genomic islands.

The study developed and validated real-time PCR assays to quantify ten major classes of tetracycline resistance genes (tet) in microbiome samples, revealing significant differences in tet gene abundance between bovine and swine manures, with swine manures showing higher levels. Composting significantly reduced tet gene abundance.

The study identifies several tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(C), tet(33)) and gene cassettes (aadA1, aadA2, aadA9, aadA11, dfrA1, dfrB2a) associated with class 1 integrons in various bacterial species isolated from pigsties and manured soil.

The study identified tetE as the predominant tetracycline resistance gene in Aeromonas veronii isolates from catfish, followed by tetB, tetA, tetC, and tetD.

The study identified and characterized seven tetracycline resistance genes (tet(M), tet(O), tet(Q), tet(W), tet(C), tet(H), and tet(Z)) in lagoons and groundwater near swine production facilities over a 3-year period. These genes were consistently detected in groundwater and lagoon samples, with varying frequencies and concentrations depending on the location and sampling time.

The study found that high concentrations of chlortetracycline (CTC) selected for increased tetracycline resistance in aerobic bacterial populations, with a greater diversity of tet resistance genes detected in the high-CTC chemostat compared to low-CTC and control chemostats.

The study identified known tetracycline resistance genes (tet(C), tet(W), tet(40)) and novel genes (galE1 and galE2) that confer resistance to tetracycline derivatives minocycline and doxycycline in the organic pig gut microbiome.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in E. coli isolates from a commercial beef processing plant, including beta-lactamase genes (blaCMY, blaSHV, blaTEM), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetC), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2), and aminoglycoside resistance genes (strA, strB).

The study identified several AMR genes, including blaTEM1, tetA, tetB, tetC, sul1, and sul2, in Escherichia coli from cattle fecal deposits. These genes conferred resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, and sulfonamides.

The study identified multiple tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(W), tet(C), tet(J), tet(L), tet(D), tet(Y), and tet(K)) in environmental bacteria from an oxytetracycline production wastewater treatment plant and the receiving river, highlighting the widespread dissemination of these genes in aquatic environments exposed to high levels of antibiotic residues.

The paper discusses various antibiotic resistance mechanisms in Chlamydiae, including tetracycline resistance via the tet(C) gene, rifampin resistance through rpoB mutations, fluoroquinolone resistance involving gyrA, aminoglycoside resistance linked to 16S rRNA mutations, macrolide resistance due to rplD mutations, and sulfonamide/trimehoprim resistance via folP and folA mutations.

The study identifies several antimicrobial resistance genes in the plasmid of the adherent-invasive E. coli strain NRG857c, including blaTEM, tetC, tetA, catI, dhfrI, sulII, and sulI, which confer resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and sulfonamides.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates from piglets with diarrhea in Korea, including bla PSE, bla TEM, cat1, cat2, floR, strA, strB, aadA, sulI, sulII, tetA, tetC, and tetG.

The study identified the tetracycline resistance gene tet(B) and the ampicillin resistance gene tem1-like in Escherichia coli isolates from feedlot cattle. These genes were found to confer resistance to tetracycline and ampicillin, respectively.

The study identified numerous antibiotic resistance (AR) genes in gulls, including both known and previously undescribed ones. It highlights the significant diversity of AR genes in gulls, emphasizing their potential role in spreading resistance genes between human and environmental habitats.

The study identifies eight tetracycline resistance genes (tetB, tetC, tetD, tetH, tetL, tetY, tetM, and tetW) in the gut microbiota of honeybees, highlighting the accumulation of resistance determinants due to long-term antibiotic exposure in beekeeping practices.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica serotype Heidelberg isolates, including bla, aac(6')-Ib, tet(M), qnrS1, and erm(B). Mutations in genes such as SEEHRA37_03221, SEEHRA37_24108, and others were associated with resistance traits.

The study identifies several tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetC, and tetG) in activated sludge exposed to tetracycline, highlighting their increased abundance and diversity under tetracycline stress. It also reveals the presence of novel tetracycline-resistant bacteria genera.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in Chryseobacterium oranimense G311, a colistin-resistant bacterium isolated from a cystic fibrosis patient. These include various beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, MLS resistance genes, phenicol resistance genes, glycopeptide resistance genes, fluoroquinolone resistance genes, sulfonamide resistance genes, rifampin resistance genes, and multidrug efflux pumps. Additionally, mutations in pmrA, pmrB, and lpxA were found to contribute to colistin resistance.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in commensal E. coli from dairy and beef cattle, including blaTEM, blaSHV, aadA1, tetA, tetB, and tetC. These genes conferred resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, and tetracycline. Dairy cattle isolates showed higher resistance rates compared to beef cattle.

The study identified tet(A), tet(B), and tet(C) as the predominant tetracycline resistance genes in E. coli isolates from beef cattle, with tet(B) showing higher MIC values compared to tet(A).

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in swine fecal samples using qPCR, including tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(M), tet(O), tet(W)), erythromycin resistance genes (ermB, ermF), sulfonamide resistance genes (sulI, sulII), beta-lactam resistance genes (blaCTX-M-1 group, blaCMY-2, blaSHV family), and glycopeptide resistance gene (vanA).

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from wastewater effluents, including strA, aadA, catI, cmlA1, blaTEM, and various tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, tetK, tetM). These genes conferred resistance to multiple antibiotics such as streptomycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and tetracycline.

All C. suis isolates from the Italian pig herd carried the tet(C) gene and exhibited tetracycline resistance with MIC values ranging from 0.5 to 4 μg/mL. The study confirmed the presence of tet(C) and tetR(C) transcripts in all isolates under both in vitro conditions.

The study discusses the emergence of tetracycline-resistant Chlamydia suis strains carrying the tetC gene, which encodes a tetracycline efflux pump. It highlights the potential for horizontal gene transfer of antibiotic resistance genes between chlamydial species and the challenges in treating chlamydial infections due to various resistance mechanisms.

The study identifies ICEApl1, an integrative conjugative element in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, which contains tetracycline resistance genes tetB, tetC, tetD, and tetR. This element confers tetracycline resistance and was found in serovar 8 isolates.

The study identified 65 unique resistance genes in nontyphoidal Salmonella, including bla CTX-M1 and bla SHV2a, which were first reported in retail meat isolates in the United States. The research highlights the effectiveness of whole-genome sequencing in detecting antimicrobial resistance genes and correlating them with phenotypic resistance.

The study identifies the acquisition of a tetracycline resistance cassette containing the tet(C) gene in Chlamydia suis strains through horizontal gene transfer. This cassette was found in all but one of the sequenced strains and is associated with tetracycline resistance.

The study identifies the tetracycline resistance gene tet(C) in Chlamydia suis and shows that its presence correlates with tetracycline resistance, although not all tet(C)-positive isolates exhibit resistance. The research highlights the impact of antibiotic usage on the development of resistance in porcine populations.

The study identified various AMR genes in Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from chicken farms in Egypt, including blaTEM, aadA2, floR, cat1, sul1, sul3, tetC, tetA, and intI, which confer resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and multiple antibiotics.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in STEC isolates from cattle, including ampC, blaTEM, tetE, tetB, and tetC, which confer resistance to beta-lactams and tetracyclines. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring antimicrobial resistance in STEC strains.

The study identifies the presence of tetracycline resistance gene tet(C) and tetracycline repressor gene tetR(C) in Chlamydia suis strains, indicating tetracycline resistance mechanisms in these strains.

The study identifies tetO as the primary tetracycline resistance gene in Campylobacter jejuni isolates from beef cattle and highlights gyrA mutations, particularly Thr86Ile, as a major cause of fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identifies the tetracycline resistance gene tet(C) in Chlamydia suis, which encodes a tetracycline efflux pump. This gene is responsible for tetracycline resistance in C. suis strains, highlighting the emergence of antibiotic resistance in intracellular pathogens.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Haemophilus parasuis isolates from pigs in China, including blaTEM-1, blaROB-1, ermB, ermA, flor, catl, tetB, tetC, rmtB, rmtD, aadA1, aac(3′)-IIc, sul1, and sul2. Additionally, mutations in the gyrA and parC genes were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identifies several known and novel resistance genes in wastewater-derived E. coli, highlighting the high genomic diversity and the presence of genes associated with resistance to various antibiotics.

The paper discusses the characterization of various antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), AmpC cephalosporinases, carbapenemases, plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, fosfomycin resistance genes, and tetracycline resistance genes. These genes confer resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics, highlighting the complex nature of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli.

The study identified several AMR genes, including aminoglycoside resistance genes (ksgA, strA, strB), beta-lactam resistance genes (blaCARB-4, blaCMY-1, blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-12, blaDHA-1, blaOXA-1, blaSHV-1, blaSHV-37, blaSHV-3, blaTEM-1A, blaTEM-1B), and tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetC, tetK, tetL), that were enriched in the gut microbiota of healthy adults following amoxicillin-clavulanic acid treatment.

The study identified the presence of tetracycline resistance genes tet(A), tet(C), and tet(M) in longshore sediments of the Three Gorges Reservoir, with varying abundances across different zones and seasons.

The study reports the draft genome sequence of Enterococcus faecalis 24FS, highlighting its multiple-antibiotic resistance traits, including resistance to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, erythromycin, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim, streptothricin, and streptomycin, along with potential virulence factors.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, including aadA, strAB, blaTEM, blaCARB, floR, cmlA1, catA1, qnrB19, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, tetA, tetB, tetC, tetG, and mutations in gyrA. These genes and mutations were validated through whole genome sequencing and phenotypic ASTs.

The study reports the first identification of three different multidrug-resistant (MDR) plasmids in a single clinical isolate of Leclercia adecarboxylata, including the blaIMP-8 gene encoded on an IMP-encoding plasmid. These plasmids harbor various AMR genes such as blaIMP-8, aacC2, aadA2, mph(A), sul1, qacED1, mer, chrA, dfrA12, tmrB, catA1, catB8, tet(C), blaCTX-M-9, and blaTEM-1.

The study identified the expansion of tetracycline and sulfonamide resistance genes, particularly tetC and sul1, under long-term exposure to tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole in wastewater treatment systems.

The study identified several AMR genes using Nanopore sequencing, including mecA, blaTEM-4, blaTEM-112, blaTEM-157, blaACT-5, oqxB, tetC, ermA, erm (33), tet38, ant(4′)-lb, tetK, tetQ, sul1, dfrA, acrF, parE, mfd, mphA, aadA5, vgaC, blaACT-5, blaACT-14, mefA, mel, tetX, tetM, isaC, and aadA5, which conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as methicillin, ticarcillin, ceftazidime, erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin.

The study identified multiple multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates from livestock in South Africa, highlighting the presence of resistance genes such as blaTEM-1, blaCMY-2, tetA, tetC, sul2, and dfrA7.

The study analyzed 515 E. coli isolates from pigs using whole genome sequencing to identify AMR genes and mutations. Key findings include the prevalence of blaTEM-1b, tet(A), and tetA(B) genes, along with various mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE that confer resistance to fluoroquinolones. The study highlights the effectiveness of WGS in predicting AMR phenotypes with high concordance to MIC results.

The study identified mcr-1 as the primary cause of colistin resistance in E. coli isolates from broiler chickens in Tai'an, China, with high prevalence of multidrug resistance involving genes like bla TEM, bla CTX-M, aphA3, tetA, tetB, tetC, sul1, and sul2.

The study presents an optimized DNA extraction protocol for improving the identification of Staphylococcus aureus and its antibiotic resistance genes from infected tissue using nanopore sequencing. The modified protocol significantly reduced human DNA content, enhancing the sensitivity of metagenomic sequencing. Several antibiotic resistance genes, including arlS, sav1866, norA, mepA, and tetC, were identified in S. aureus isolates from patients with orthopedic implant-related infections.

The study identified the mcr-1.1 gene in five porcine E. coli isolates, which confers resistance to colistin. The gene was found on various plasmids, including IncF, IncX4, and IncHI2, highlighting the role of mobile genetic elements in the spread of colistin resistance.

The study identified the co-occurrence of mcr-1, mcr-3, mcr-7.1, and various clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes in environmental and fecal samples from a Brazilian zoo, highlighting the potential reservoir of these genes in zoological environments.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from meat in South Africa, including aadA, strA, aph(3)-Ia, aph(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IIa, blaTEM, blaZ, ampC, cat1, cat2, cmlA1, sul1, sul2, tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, and tetM, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as streptomycin, kanamycin, neomycin, gentamicin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, and tetracycline.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in MDR E. coli strains from captive wild animals, highlighting the presence of CTX-M-8 and CTX-M-65 beta-lactamases, along with various other resistance mechanisms such as aminoglycoside, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolone resistance genes, as well as mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions.

The study identified 55 different antimicrobial resistance determinants in diarrheal pathogens, highlighting the presence of genes conferring resistance to multiple antibiotic classes, including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines, phenicols, sulfonamides, and others. Notably, carbapenemase genes like bla OXA-48 and bla NDM were detected in certain isolates, indicating emerging resistance concerns.

The study identified NDM-5-producing CRKP and SIM-producing hvKP strains, highlighting the emergence of novel resistance mechanisms and the effectiveness of tigecycline-carbapenem combinations in treating these infections.

The study found that pyrolysis of biowastes effectively reduced the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) such as tetracycline resistance genes (tetC, tetG, tetM, tetO, tetW), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2), and class 1 integron-integrase gene (intI1) in swine manure and sewage sludge.

The study identified qnrS, blaTEM, tetC, and ermB genes associated with resistance to quinolones, beta-lactams, tetracyclines, and macrolides in Campylobacter isolates from poultry breeders and their progeny.

The study identified 18 antibiotic resistance genes in the multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis strain CC15031, including genes conferring resistance to various antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, tetracycline, aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, sulfonamides, and others.

The study identifies several AMR genes carried by clinically relevant plasmids, including blaOXA-48, qnrS1, blaSHV-12, aac(6')-Ib3, blaVEB-9, qnrVC-1, sul1, tetA', tetC, dfrA1, dfrA23, blaVIM-1, aadA1, qacEΔ1, blaBEL-1, blaGES-5, blaIMP-8, and blaFOX-8. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics, and the study highlights the collateral sensitivity associated with the acquisition of these plasmids.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Pseudomonas spp. isolated from chicken meat in Norway, including beta-lactamases, efflux pumps, and genes involved in resistance to aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, and colistin.

The study found that anaerobic digestion of dairy manure significantly reduced the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes, including various ESBL genes such as bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-55, and bla PER-1, as well as other resistance genes like aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, bla OXA-1, catB4, dfrA1, floR, lnu(G), sul2, aadA2, mph(E), msr(E), tet(C), tet(E), and tet(X).

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from bovine mastitis, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-1, blaCARB-3, blaCMY-59), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetC), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aph(3')-Ia, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA2), and multidrug efflux pump genes (acrA, acrB, acrD, tolC, baeR, emrA, emrB).

The study identified multiple tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(D), tet(E), and tet(G)) in Salmonella spp. strains isolated from animals and food, highlighting the prevalence of these genes and their potential role in the spread of antibiotic resistance.

The study identifies bla(VIM-2) and bla(KPC-2) genes in multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Colombia, highlighting their diverse genetic environments and mechanisms of resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in Salmonella Enteritidis isolates from Malaysia, including aac(6')-ly, blaCMY-2, blaTEM-1, blaTEM-33, blaTEM-4, dfrA14, dfrA15, floR, qnrS1, qnrD1, sul1, sul2, strA, strB, tetA, and tetC. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as gentamicin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, sulfamethazine/trimethoprim, and tetracycline.

The study identified 17 AMR genes in Aeromonas veronii isolates from tilapia, highlighting extensive antibiotic resistance traits, including resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and others.

The study identified several AMR genes, including bla CMY-2, floR, sul2, and tetA, in Salmonella enterica isolates from dairy cattle. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as cephalosporins, florfenicol, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and tetracycline.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including blaNDM, blaOXA-47, ampC, tetC, blaCTX-M-15, and blaTEM, in clinical E. coli isolates from Bangladesh, highlighting the high prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains.

The study examined the impact of antibiotic therapies on the dynamics and composition of resistance genes in the animal gut microbiota, identifying several AMR genes such as blaTEM, tetA, strA, strB, intI1, tetM, mel, floR, mcr-2, oqx B, tetC, tetG, tetO, tetW, tetX, ermB, ermF, sul1, sul2, and others, which were experimentally validated in Escherichia coli.

The study identifies tetC, tetR, and strAB as the genes responsible for oxytetracycline and streptomycin resistance in Xanthomonas arboricola pv. pruni. These genes are located on a multidrug-resistant plasmid and can be transferred to other bacterial species via conjugation.

The study identified 102 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the soil microbiota of the southwestern highlands of Saudi Arabia, primarily associated with multidrug resistance, macrolide, tetracycline, glycopeptide, bacitracin, and beta-lactam antibiotic resistance. qPCR confirmed the detection of 18 clinically important ARGs.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from a mixed-use watershed in Georgia, USA, including bla CMY-2, aadA2, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, tetA, tetC, floR, and dfrA12, which conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as ceftiofur, ceftriaxone, streptomycin, sulfisoxazole, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations associated with resistance to various antibiotics in wastewater environments, highlighting the role of these genes in the spread of antimicrobial resistance.

The study identified 18 AMR genes in Limosilactobacillus species, primarily in L. reuteri from animal sources, including tetracycline, aminoglycoside, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin, and lincomycin resistance genes.

The study identified multiple ESBL-encoding genes, including bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-32, and bla SHV-12, as well as carbapenemase gene bla NDM-1, in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from dairy cattle farms. These genes were associated with resistance to various beta-lactam antibiotics. Additionally, several other AMR genes such as aadA2, ant(3")-Ia, aph(3')-Ia, dfrA12, sul3, cmlA1, and others were identified, contributing to resistance against aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol. Mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE were linked to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The paper discusses the prevalence and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, focusing on tetracycline resistance genes such as tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, tetE, tetI, and tetY in Escherichia coli. These genes are associated with efflux mechanisms that contribute to resistance against tetracycline.

The study identified new subgroups of IncP/P-1 and PromA plasmids, including antibiotic resistance genes such as blaIMP-1, blaKPC-2, mcr-1, and various tetracycline and aminoglycoside resistance genes.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in E. coli and Salmonella Typhi isolates from Brazilian swine slaughterhouses, including ampC, blaSHV, cat1, clmA, MCR-1, MCR-3, tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(M), and sulI. These genes conferred resistance to multiple antibiotics such as ampicillin, amoxicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, doxycycline, colistin, and sulfonamide.

The study identified several carbapenemase genes, including blaKPC-2, blaNDM-1, blaNDM-5, blaIMP-8, and blaOXA-181, as well as other resistance genes such as blaCTX-M, blaSHV-2, APH(3)-IB, APH(6)-ID, FosA5, tetC, qnrB1, and tetA, contributing to multidrug resistance in CRKP strains isolated from children in Nanjing, China.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Enterococcus isolates from various aquatic environments, highlighting the role of anthropogenic pressure in the spread of antibiotic-resistant enterococci.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in the multidrug-resistant Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila strain SINDOREI, including sul1, sul2, qnr, GES-1, aadA3, qacL, cmlA5, and tetC, which confer resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, fluoroquinolone, beta-lactam, aminoglycoside, disinfecting agents, phenicol, and tetracycline.

The study identified the methicillin resistance gene mecA, beta-lactam resistance gene blaZ, and tetracycline resistance genes tetA and tetC in biofilm-forming Staphylococcus aureus isolates from food sources in Bangladesh.

The study identified increased abundances of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in aerosols during the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly sulfonamide (sul1, sul2), tetracycline (tetA, tetC), and beta-lactam (ampC) resistance genes. These genes were associated with heightened antibiotic resistance in airborne bacteria, contributing to elevated human health risks.

The study identifies various tetracycline resistance genes (tetC, tetE, tetG, tetM, tetO, tetQ, tetW, tetX), sulfonamide resistance gene (sulI), aminoglycoside resistance genes (ant(2')-Ia, ant(3')-Ia, aph(6')-Id, aph(33')-Ib, aac(6')-Ib), beta-lactam resistance genes (blaGES, blaVEB), chloramphenicol resistance gene (catB3), MLS resistance genes (ereA, ermB), and multidrug resistance genes (acrB, mexB, mexF) in municipal sewage treatment plants, highlighting their association with mobile genetic elements and microbial communities.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in probiotic bacteria, highlighting the presence of mobile genetic elements and the potential for horizontal gene transfer.

The study identified the distribution of tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetC, tetE, tetM, tetO, and tetX) in Escherichia coli isolates from pig slaughterhouses in Banten Province, Indonesia. The tetO gene was the most dominant in floor surface samples, while tetA was dominant in effluent samples.

The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria isolated from codfish products and environmental samples, highlighting the presence of tetracycline, clindamycin, and oxacillin resistance genes in Staphylococcus spp., as well as beta-lactam and carbapenem resistance genes in Gram-negative bacteria.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Desulfovibrio vulgaris L2, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and mercury resistance genes, highlighting its potential role in spreading antibiotic resistance in agricultural environments.

The study identified multidrug-resistant strains of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter lari in asymptomatic schoolchildren in Kenya, with high resistance rates to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and erythromycin. The most prevalent tetracycline resistance genes were tet(A), tet(O), and tet(C).

The study identified various AMR genes in L. monocytogenes strains from Atlantic salmon, including tetracycline resistance genes (tetC, tetD, tetK, tetL, tetS), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA, strA, aacC2, aphA1, aphA2), macrolide resistance genes (cmlA1, catI, catII), and oxazolidinone resistance genes (cfr, optrA, poxtA).

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in AMR strains isolated from vegetables, including blaTEM, tetA, tetW, tetC, tetD, tetB, qnrS, and sulI. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations associated with streptomycin, kasugamycin, gentamicin, and oxytetracycline resistance in plant pathogenic bacteria, highlighting the role of Tn 5393 and other mobile genetic elements in the dissemination of these resistance traits.

The study identified several AMR genes, including aadA2, sul1, tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), blaTEM-1, and fosA7.3, in Salmonella enterica serovar Derby isolates from Spain. These genes were associated with resistance to streptomycin, sulfonamides, tetracycline, ampicillin, and fosfomycin. Additionally, a point mutation in the gyrA gene was linked to nalidixic acid resistance.

The study identified beta-lactamase genes (blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M-55, blaCTX-M-27), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetC), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3)-IId, aadA5, ant(3")-Ia, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3")-lb, aph(6)-ld), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), amphenicol resistance gene (floR), trimethoprim resistance genes (dfrA1, dfrA17), and MLS resistance genes (Inu(F), erm(B), mph(A)) in E. coli isolates from coyotes and wild hogs. Additionally, chromosomal mutations in ampC, gyrA, parC, and parE were found to confer resistance to beta-lactam and quinolone antibiotics.

The study identified several AMR genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from clinical and animal sources, including catA1, blaTEM, and tetC, which confer resistance to chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and tetracycline, respectively.

The study identified several tetracycline resistance genes, including tetA, tetB, tetC, tetM, tetO, and tetX, in Escherichia coli isolated from pig farm waste in Banten province, Indonesia. tetX and tetO were the most prevalent genes, with high frequencies detected in both solid waste and wastewater samples.

The study identified the presence of tetA, tetB, and tetC genes in tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates from poultry, highlighting the role of these genes in oxytetracycline resistance.

High-pressure processing (HPP) increases antibiotic resistance in Listeria monocytogenes isolates, particularly for tetracycline, with increased expression of tetA_1, tetA_3, and tetC genes.

The study identified tet(A) and tet(C) genes as the most prevalent tetracycline resistance genes in E. coli isolates from treated and untreated broiler chickens, indicating that active efflux pumps are the primary resistance mechanism.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes including blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), sul1, sul2, and sul3 in multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates from poultry enteritis in India.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in E. coli isolates from calves, including tetracycline resistance genes (Tet(A), Tet(B), Tet(C), Tet(M)), β-lactamases (TEM-1, TEM-35, OXA-1), florfenicol resistance gene FloR, and macrolide phosphotransferase Mph(B). Mutations in GyrA (D87N, D87Y, S83L) and ParC (S80I) were also associated with quinolone resistance.

The study characterizes the horizontal transfer of ColV plasmids in bla(CTX-M)-bearing avian E. coli, identifying multiple resistance genes and virulence factors associated with these plasmids.

The study identified 31 AMR genes in 97 Salmonella enterica isolates from poultry, including aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-IVa, aac(3)-VIa, aac(6′)-Ib4, ant(2′′)-Ia, grdA, aph(3′)-Ia, aph(3′)-IIa, aadA1, aadA2, aadA7, aadA13, aph(3′)-Ib, aph(6)-Ic, aph(6)-Id, aph(4)-Ia, blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M-1, blaHER-3, blaTEM-1, floR, tetA, tetB, tetC, dfrA12, sul1, sul2, fosA7, qnrB19, ble, and mcr-9.

The study identifies that the expression of the β-lactamase gene blaOXA-48 induces collateral sensitivity to colistin and azithromycin in Escherichia coli.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in Escherichia coli isolates from Italian artisanal food products, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, trimethoprim resistance genes, macrolide resistance genes, quinolone resistance proteins, sulfonamide resistance proteins, and tetracycline resistance genes. These genes were primarily carried on plasmids and contributed to multidrug resistance.

Four Acinetobacter lwoffii strains were isolated from the milk of cows with subclinical mastitis in China. These strains exhibited multidrug resistance and carried 17 resistance genes, including beta-lactamase, aminoglycoside-modifying, fluoroquinolone, tetracycline, sulfonamide, and chloramphenicol resistance genes.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the Iskar River downstream of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP), including genes conferring resistance to macrolides, tetracyclines, beta-lactams, sulfonamides, and carbapenems. Notably, the carbapenemase genes bla OXA-58 and bla IMP-33-like were detected, which are typically associated with clinical settings.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes in the MDR-KP isolate WSF99, including various beta-lactamases, carbapenemase, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, fluoroquinolone resistance genes, and others, highlighting the complex resistance profile of this high-risk clone.

The study identified a multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain (MTR_BAU_H1) isolated from food handlers in Bangladesh, carrying genes conferring resistance to methicillin (mecA), beta-lactams (blaZ), and tetracycline (tetC).

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in a multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strain, including blaTEM, ermA, ermB, aadA1, qnrS, qepA, oqxA, tetA, tetB, and tetC, which conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, macrolides, aminoglycosides, quinolones, and tetracyclines. The combination of matrine and berberine hydrochloride showed synergistic antibacterial effects against this strain.

The study found that high-pressure processing (HPP) at 400 MPa increased the transfer frequency of fosX, tet_A1, tet_A3, and tetC genes in Listeria monocytogenes, which confer resistance to fosfomycin and tetracycline. The Lde gene, which confers ciprofloxacin resistance, was not transferred under any conditions.

The study identified multiple ESBL and AmpC β-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-3, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-65, bla SHV-12, bla SHV-42, bla DHA-1, bla CMY-2, bla CMY-3, bla CMY-46, bla CMY-101, bla ACT-16, bla CMH-like, and bla MIR-9, along with other AMR genes such as mcr-1, qnrS1, aac(6')-Ib-cr5, and various tetracycline, aminoglycoside, sulfonamide, chloramphenicol, macrolide, lincosamide, and rifampicin resistance genes in Enterobacterales isolates from imported healthy reptiles.

The study identified tetracycline resistance genes, including tetB, tetR, tetC, acrAB, and robA, in the IncI plasmid pRM18148 of Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis strains isolated from surface waters in California.

The study identified the presence of florR and cmlA1 genes responsible for phenicol resistance, and blaTEM-1A associated with beta-lactam resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin isolates from cattle in California.

The study identified an increase in multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in Northwestern Transylvania, Romania, between 2022 and 2023. Key AMR genes included bla OXA-50, sul1, ermB, mexA, mexB, bla VIM-1, aac(6′)-II, ant(4′)-Ia, aac(3)-I, aac(6′)-Im, aph(2″)-Ib, tetA, tetC, tetK, qnrB, ermC, mphC, fosA, nfsA, nfsB, ampC, and TEM-1.

The study identified several AMR genes in Morganella clinical isolates, including tet(B), sul1, catA2, sul2, floR, aadA1, and others, contributing to resistance against various antibiotics.

This review highlights the pathogenesis, virulence factors, and antibiotic resistance genes of Riemerella anatipestifer, emphasizing its significance in poultry farming and the need for further research on its resistance mechanisms.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Enterococcus spp. isolated from mussels, including tetC, tetD, cfr, vanA, vanD, vatE, vatD, and qnrS, which confer resistance to tetracycline, linezolid, vancomycin, and fluoroquinolone.

The study identified 64 AMR genes and 177 virulence factor genes in the E. coli strain JS01, highlighting its multidrug resistance and high pathogenicity.

The study identifies a wide range of antibiotic resistance genes in the Enterobacter hormaechei complex, highlighting its multidrug-resistant nature and the role of mobile genetic elements in the dissemination of resistance.

The study identifies several AMR genes in bacterial isolates from wild aquatic birds in Northern Italy, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM, blaCMY-1, blaCMY-2, blaNDM, blaKPC), colistin resistance genes (mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetC, tetL, tetM, tetK), macrolide resistance genes (ermB, vatD, vgA, msrC), vancomycin resistance genes (vanC1, vanC2, vanM, vanG), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3), aac(6')-Ib, aph(3')-Ia, armA, rmtB, rmtC, rmtF), and nitrofurantoin resistance genes (nfsA, nfsB).

The study identifies Providencia lanzhouensis sp. nov., a novel species with multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including aadA1, aadA2, aph(6)-Id, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(3')-Ia, sat2, sul2, ere(A), dfrA32, floR, tetC, and qnrD1, which confer resistance to aminoglycosides, streptomycin, sulfonamides, macrolides, trimethoprim, phenicols, tetracyclines, and quinolones.

The study identified several AMR genes in environmental Enterobacterales isolates, including blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M, tetA, tetB, tetC, tetL, tetM, sul1, sul2, qnrS, ermB, and mefA, which conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, ceftazidime, cefepime, tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and erythromycin.

The study identifies blaNDM-1 as a key determinant of carbapenem resistance in Proteus mirabilis isolates from China, along with other resistance genes such as blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-65, and blaTEM-1. It also characterizes the genomic context of blaNDM-1, including its integration into SGI1 and plasmid-borne elements.

The study identified several AMR genes in K. pneumoniae isolates from bovine mastitis milk in South Korea, including blaSHV, strA, strB, sulI, sulII, tetA, tetB, tetC, floR, dfrXII, blaTEM, blaCTX-M, and blaOXA, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, gentamicin, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and others.

The study identifies key resistance mechanisms in Neisseria gonorrhoeae, including the widespread presence of efflux pump genes (norM, farB, mtrC, mtrA) and specific resistance genes such as bla TEM, tet(C), and erm(C). It highlights the increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and the need for global surveillance and targeted interventions.

Bacteriovorax sp. As-1 exhibits resistance to multiple antibiotics, primarily due to mutations in the gyrA gene, specifically S90Y and G94R, which are associated with reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli from poultry and other food-producing animals in China, highlighting the prevalence of beta-lactamases, tetracycline resistance genes, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, quinolone resistance genes, and sulfonamide resistance genes.

The study identified tetracycline resistance genes tetA and tetC, and the beta-lactamase gene blaTEM-1 in Salmonella isolates from cattle, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance.

The study identified a high prevalence of trimethoprim resistance genes (dfrA1, dfrA15, dfrA31) and other resistance genes such as floR, strA, strB, varG, blaCARB-2, aadA1, aadA2, sul1, sul2, catB9, tet(C), tet(G), tet(59), qacEdelta, and blaCMY-4 in Vibrio cholerae isolates from Africa. Fluoroquinolone resistance mutations (gyrA_S83I and parC_S85L) and nitrofuran resistance mutations (nfsA_R169C and nfsB_Q5*) were also prevalent.