The study identified tetracycline resistance in E. coli isolates from broiler chickens and humans, primarily mediated by the efflux genes tetB and tetD.

The study identifies the plasmid pK245 carrying the qnrS quinolone resistance gene and the blaSHV-2 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase gene, along with other resistance genes such as aacC2, strA, strB, catA2, sul2, tetD, and dfrA14, which confer resistance to multiple antimicrobial classes in Klebsiella pneumoniae.

The study identified tetE as the predominant tetracycline resistance gene in Aeromonas veronii isolates from catfish, followed by tetB, tetA, tetC, and tetD.

The study found that high concentrations of chlortetracycline (CTC) selected for increased tetracycline resistance in aerobic bacterial populations, with a greater diversity of tet resistance genes detected in the high-CTC chemostat compared to low-CTC and control chemostats.

The study identified multiple tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(W), tet(C), tet(J), tet(L), tet(D), tet(Y), and tet(K)) in environmental bacteria from an oxytetracycline production wastewater treatment plant and the receiving river, highlighting the widespread dissemination of these genes in aquatic environments exposed to high levels of antibiotic residues.

The study identifies the emergence of a globally dominant IncHI1 plasmid type (PST6) associated with multiple drug-resistant typhoid. Key resistance genes include blaTEM-1, cat, dfrA7, sul1, sul2, strAB, tetA, tetD, and betU, which contribute to resistance against ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, tetracycline, and high salt environments.

The study identifies eight tetracycline resistance genes (tetB, tetC, tetD, tetH, tetL, tetY, tetM, and tetW) in the gut microbiota of honeybees, highlighting the accumulation of resistance determinants due to long-term antibiotic exposure in beekeeping practices.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica serotype Heidelberg isolates, including bla, aac(6')-Ib, tet(M), qnrS1, and erm(B). Mutations in genes such as SEEHRA37_03221, SEEHRA37_24108, and others were associated with resistance traits.

The study identifies the presence of class 1 integrons and bla CTX-M-15 genes in commensal E. coli isolates from healthy individuals in Chandigarh, India. It also detects several gene cassettes conferring resistance to trimethoprim, streptomycin, spectinomycin, streptothricin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and sulfonamides.

The study identified bla CTX-M-15, aac (3)-IIa, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, qnrB4, qnrS1, aac (6')-Ib-cr, bla OXA-1, bla TEM-1B, bla SHV-12, bla CMY-42, bla DHA-1, mphA, ermB, catA1, catB3, sul1, sul2, dfrA12, dfrA17, dfrA1, dfrA5, tetA, tetB, and tetD as key AMR genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates in Nepal, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from wastewater effluents, including strA, aadA, catI, cmlA1, blaTEM, and various tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, tetK, tetM). These genes conferred resistance to multiple antibiotics such as streptomycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and tetracycline.

The study demonstrates that IS26 facilitates the formation of transposons carrying antibiotic resistance genes through a conservative reaction, leading to the creation of IS26-bounded transposons. Specifically, the aphA1a and tet(D) genes were shown to confer resistance to kanamycin/neomycin and tetracycline, respectively.

The study identifies ICEApl1, an integrative conjugative element in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, which contains tetracycline resistance genes tetB, tetC, tetD, and tetR. This element confers tetracycline resistance and was found in serovar 8 isolates.

The study identified 65 unique resistance genes in nontyphoidal Salmonella, including bla CTX-M1 and bla SHV2a, which were first reported in retail meat isolates in the United States. The research highlights the effectiveness of whole-genome sequencing in detecting antimicrobial resistance genes and correlating them with phenotypic resistance.

The study identifies the blaIMP-4 gene in Salmonella enterica Typhimurium from cats, which confers resistance to carbapenems. The gene is part of a multidrug-resistant IncHI2 plasmid carrying various resistance genes.

The study identifies multiple carbapenemase genes (bla KPC-2, bla KPC-3, bla KPC-4, and bla NDM-1) and other resistance genes (such as qnrB19, qnrB2, qnrS1, bla TEM-1A, bla TEM-1B, bla OXA-9, bla SHV-12, aadA2, aac(6')-Ib, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-Ic, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, dfrA14, dfrA18, mph(A), catB3, arr-3, and tet(D)) in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter spp. These genes are primarily located on plasmids and contribute to multidrug resistance.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in E. coli isolates from marine bivalves, including bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, and various aminoglycoside, trimethoprim, sulfonamide, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, quinolone, and macrolide resistance genes. These findings highlight the potential risk of MDR Enterobacteriaceae in marine environments.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations associated with multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in the UK and Ireland, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, tetracycline efflux pumps, and mutations in gyrB contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identifies several AMR genes in ST95 E. coli strains, including blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M14, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aac3, strA, strB, tetA, tetB, tetD, sul1, sul2, dfrA5, dfrA12, dfrA17, mphA, and catA1, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, cephalothin, streptomycin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, azithromycin, and chloramphenicol.

The study identifies the presence of multiple antibiotic resistance genes in the Shigella flexneri strain SP1, including blaCTX-M-14, blaOXA-1, aadA24, strA, strB, catA1, tetD, sul2, and dfrA1, which contribute to its multidrug-resistant phenotype.

The study identified 46 AMR genes or gene families in 90 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Kenya, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance and the diversity of resistance mechanisms.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in E. coli isolates from children with cystic fibrosis, cancer, and healthy controls, highlighting differences in resistance profiles between groups.

The study identifies clinically relevant ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae ST307 and E. coli ST38 in an urban West African rat population, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains carrying various resistance genes such as blaCTX-M-15, blaCTX-M-14, blaCTX-M-9, and others.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates from pigs and abattoir workers in Cameroon, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1B, bla SHV-28, and others, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains and their potential for zoonotic transmission.

The study identifies and characterizes several AMR genes in E. coli, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-1, blaOXA-1, blaCMY-2, ampC), aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (aac(3')-Ia, aac(3')-VI), dihydrofolate reductases (dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA12, dfrA15), quinolone resistance proteins (qnrB2, qnrB6, qnrS2), and others. These genes were validated through computational and wet lab methods, showing their roles in conferring resistance to various antibiotics.

The study reports a fatal case of bacteremia caused by a hypermucoviscous KPC-2 producing extensively drug-resistant K64-ST11 Klebsiella pneumoniae. The isolate harbored multiple AMR genes including blaKPC-2, blaSHV-11, qnrS1, oqxA, oqxB, sul1, sul2, dfrA1, tetA, tetD, and fosA, contributing to its extensive drug resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, including bla KPC-2, bla KPC-3, bla NDM-1, bla OXA-48, ampC, qnrB, qnrS, aac(6')-Ib-cr, armA, rmtB, tet(A), tet(B), tet(D), tet(G), sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA25, dfrA26, dfrA30, oqxA, oqxB, and mgrB, as well as mutations in ompK35, ompK36, gyrA, parC, phoP, phoQ, pmrA, and pmrB, which contribute to resistance against multiple antibiotics.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes associated with multi-drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella Typhi in sub-Saharan Africa, including genes encoding resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines. It also notes mutations in the gyrA gene associated with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.

The draft genome sequence of Plesiomonas shigelloides strain FM82 reveals the presence of tetracycline resistance genes tet(A) and tet(D), as well as a fluoroquinolone resistance mutation S83I in gyrA.

The study identified multiple ESBL genes, including bla CTX-M-15, several bla SHV, bla TEM-63, and bla OXA-10, along with other AMR genes across diverse lineages of K. pneumoniae isolates from Malawi. No carbapenem resistance genes were detected, but plasmids similar to carbapenem resistance-associated plasmid pNDM-mar were found.

The study characterizes the antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in the emerging Klebsiella pneumoniae ST101 lineage, highlighting the presence of multiple resistance mechanisms including carbapenemases, extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, and various other resistance genes.

The study characterizes a carbapenem- and colistin-resistant Enterobacter cloacae strain, PIMB10EC27, which carries multiple resistance genes including blaNDM-1, blaSHV-12, and qnrS1, as well as mutations in pmrB and pmrC that may contribute to colistin resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, including bla KPC, bla CTX-M, bla TEM, and mutations in ompk35, ompk36, gyrA, and parC. These findings highlight the complex resistance mechanisms contributing to the persistence of MDR-Kp in the hospital setting.

The study identified bla CTX-M, bla TEM, and bla SHV as the primary ESBL genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from healthy humans and swine in Northern Thailand. Additionally, several other AMR genes such as sul1, sul2, sul3, aadA22, aph(3')-Ia, strA, strB, aadA2, aadA5, qnrS1, tetA, tetB, tetD, arr2, and mefB were characterized.

The study reports the identification of a multidrug-resistant Citrobacter freundii strain R17 carrying 13 antibiotic-resistance genes, including blaCMY-85, aadA2, aac(3)-lld, blaDHA-1, blaTEM-1B, qnrB4, mph(A), catA2, sul1, sul2, tet(D), and dfrA12, which confer resistance to various antibiotic classes.

The study analyzed 515 E. coli isolates from pigs using whole genome sequencing to identify AMR genes and mutations. Key findings include the prevalence of blaTEM-1b, tet(A), and tetA(B) genes, along with various mutations in gyrA, parC, and parE that confer resistance to fluoroquinolones. The study highlights the effectiveness of WGS in predicting AMR phenotypes with high concordance to MIC results.

The study reports the detection of an NDM-5 producing E. coli in Malawi, highlighting the emergence of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the region.

The study identifies a multidrug-resistant Enterobacter hormaechei strain L51 carrying the bla IMP-26 carbapenemase gene and bla SHV-178 ESBL gene, along with other resistance genes on a conjugative IncHI2/2A plasmid.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in ESBL-producing E. coli from Nile perch and water samples in Lake Victoria, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1B, aadA2, aac(3)-IId, sul1, sul2, dfrA12, qepA4, tetB, tetD, mphA, mdfA, catA1, strA, strB, nfaE, iss, vat, and lpfA.

The study identifies the mcr-1 gene as a key factor in colistin resistance in E. coli strains isolated from polluted rivers and wild birds. It also characterizes several other AMR genes including aadA1, aadA2, aph(3′)-Ia, aph(3″)-Ib, aph(4)-Ia, aph(6)-Id, tet(B), tet(D), tet(A), bla CTX–M–14, bla TEM–1, qnrS2, oqxA, oqxB, cmlA1, floR, vgaC, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA12, and glpT (E448K).

The study identified CTX-M-type extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in Escherichia coli strains isolated from blue mussels in Norway, highlighting the potential for mobility of these resistance genes.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from meat in South Africa, including aadA, strA, aph(3)-Ia, aph(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IIa, blaTEM, blaZ, ampC, cat1, cat2, cmlA1, sul1, sul2, tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, and tetM, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as streptomycin, kanamycin, neomycin, gentamicin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, and tetracycline.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in MDR E. coli strains from captive wild animals, highlighting the presence of CTX-M-8 and CTX-M-65 beta-lactamases, along with various other resistance mechanisms such as aminoglycoside, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolone resistance genes, as well as mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions.

The study characterizes the recombination events in the conjugative virulence plasmid p15WZ-82_Vir during transmission, identifying multiple antibiotic resistance genes and their roles in the formation of mosaic plasmids that carry both virulence and resistance traits.

The study identifies various antibiotic resistance genes in commensal E. coli isolates, highlighting the prevalence of resistance genes on F plasmids and the role of mobile genetic elements in their dissemination.

The study identified 55 different antimicrobial resistance determinants in diarrheal pathogens, highlighting the presence of genes conferring resistance to multiple antibiotic classes, including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines, phenicols, sulfonamides, and others. Notably, carbapenemase genes like bla OXA-48 and bla NDM were detected in certain isolates, indicating emerging resistance concerns.

The study identifies a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain carrying several AMR genes, including blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1B, blaSHV-27, aac(3)-IId, aadA1, sul2, tetB, tetD, fosA-like, oqxA, oqxB, and qnrE1, highlighting the potential of native Amazonian fish as reservoirs of clinically relevant AMR genes.

The study identified various beta-lactamase genes (bla TEM, bla CTX-M, bla SHV, bla OXA-1-like, bla PER, bla VIM, bla IMP, bla KPC, bla GES, bla OXA-48-like), plasmid-mediated AmpC beta-lactamase genes (bla EBC, bla ACC, bla FOX, bla CIT), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetD, tetM), chloramphenicol resistance gene (catII), and sulfonamide resistance gene (sulII) in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Tsomo and Tyhume rivers.

The study identified 25 antibiotic resistance genes in 80 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, primarily encoding efflux pumps and inactivating enzymes. Notably, blaSHV, emrB, emrR, marA, marR, msbA, ompK37, oqxA, oqxB, acrA, vgaC, fosA, tet(D), APH(3")-Ib, APH(6)-Id, aadA, qnrS2, rpoB2, mexF, and oprN were found to confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST101 clone, including blaCTX-M-15, blaOXA-48, blaOXA-1, blaSHV-106, blaTEM-150, aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ib-cr, oqxA10, oqxB17, fosA, catB3, dfrA14, tet(D), and mutations in mgrB, ompK35, gyrA, and parC.

The study identified various carbapenemase genes (blaNDM-1, blaNDM-5, blaVIM-1, blaVIM-6, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-58, blaOXA-66, blaOXA-69, blaOXA-91, blaOXA-181, blaOXA-50) and other resistance genes (such as armA, rmtC, rmtF, aac(3)-I, aadA1, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3')-VI, aph(3')-Via, aph(6')-Id, mphE, msrE, mphA, ereA, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17, dfrA20, sul1, sul2, tetB, tetD, tetG, tet39, qnrVC1, qnrS1, qnrB4, floR, catA1, catA2, catB3, catB7, cmlA1, cmlA5, arr-3, arr-2, sat2, acrF, mdtM, emrD, mexA, mexE, mexX, kdeA, oxa-10, oxa-395, oxa-396, oxa-846, adc-25, dha-1, act-16, cmY, ctx-m-15, shv-67, tem-1b) in carbapenem non-susceptible clinical isolates of gram-negative bacteria in Kenya, highlighting the diversity and prevalence of multidrug resistance.

The study identified multiple tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(D), tet(E), and tet(G)) in Salmonella spp. strains isolated from animals and food, highlighting the prevalence of these genes and their potential role in the spread of antibiotic resistance.

Three Salmonella spp. strains were isolated from marine animals in Sicily, showing resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole. All strains harbored multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including blaTEM, blaOXA, tet(A), tet(D), tet(E), sulI, and sulII.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates causing infective endocarditis, including genes conferring resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, fosfomycin, and fluoroquinolones. These genes were detected through molecular analysis and resistance profiling.

The study identified 17 AMR genes in Aeromonas veronii isolates from tilapia, highlighting extensive antibiotic resistance traits, including resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and others.

The study identified Klebsiella variicola and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains carrying multiple resistance genes, including bla KPC-2, bla TEM-1A, bla LEN17, aadA16, arr-3, qnrB4, oqxA/B, dfrA27, sul1, tetD, fosA, qacEΔ1, bla CTX-M-3, bla TEM-1B, bla CTX-M-65, bla SHV-27, aac(6')-IIa, rmtB, aph(3')-Ia, aadA16, qnrS1, aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrB91, oqxA/B, mph(A), tet(A), fosA, dfrA27, and two copies of qacEΔ1-sul1.

The study identified multidrug-resistant Pasteurella multocida type B:2 strains in fowl cholera cases in Bangladesh, highlighting the presence of various virulence factors and antimicrobial resistance genes.

The study presents the MALDI Tet(X)-plus test, a rapid and reliable method for detecting Tet(X)-producers, non-Tet(X)-producing tetracycline-resistant, and tetracycline-susceptible Gram-negative bacteria. It identifies various tetracycline resistance genes such as tet(A), tet(B), tet(D), tet(G), tet(M), tet(X3), tet(X4), tet(X2)-tet(X6), tet(X3)-tet(X6), and TMexCD1-TOprJ1.

The study identified various AMR genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from humans and animals on St. Kitts, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1b, bla TEM-206, bla OXA-1, and others, highlighting host-specific differences in resistance profiles.

The study characterizes the first recognized outbreak of NDM-1-producing K. pneumoniae in Portugal, highlighting the introduction of a new ST11 KL105 strain carrying blaNDM-1 in a unique genetic context. Several antibiotic resistance genes, including blaNDM-1, blaCTX-M-15, and others, were identified, along with chromosomal mutations conferring reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones and fosfomycin.

The study characterizes antibiotic resistance genes in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from bovine animals and the environment in Nigeria, identifying several beta-lactamase, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, qnr, sulfonamide, tetracycline, and trimethoprim resistance genes, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant strains.

The study identified several tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetD, tetE), florfenicol resistance gene (floR), chloramphenicol resistance gene (cat), quinolone resistance gene (qnrS), and aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(6')-1b, strA-strB) in Aeromonas hydrophila and Aeromonas veronii isolates from aquatic animals.

The study identified 102 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the soil microbiota of the southwestern highlands of Saudi Arabia, primarily associated with multidrug resistance, macrolide, tetracycline, glycopeptide, bacitracin, and beta-lactam antibiotic resistance. qPCR confirmed the detection of 18 clinically important ARGs.

The study characterizes hybrid plasmids in MDR-HvKp ST2096 isolates from India, identifying multiple AMR genes such as bla NDM-5, bla OXA-232, aadA2, armA, and others, along with virulence genes like rmpA2 and iucABCD.

The study identified several AMR genes in K. pneumoniae isolates from Kenya, including blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-181, blaOXA-181, blaNDM-1, mcr-8, armA, rmtF, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3")-ib, aph(6)-id, dfrA, sul2, qnrB, tetA, and catII, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as beta-lactams, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, and chloramphenicol.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations associated with resistance to various antibiotics in wastewater environments, highlighting the role of these genes in the spread of antimicrobial resistance.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Listeria monocytogenes isolates from milk and milk products, including beta-lactamase genes (bla TEM, bla SHV, bla Z), tetracycline resistance genes (tet A, tet D, tet G, tet K, tet M), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul 1, sul 2), and an aminoglycoside resistance gene (aph (3)-IIa (aphA2)).

The study identified four variants of bla CTX-M (CTX-M-15, CTX-M-55, CTX-M-64, and CTX-M-65) in extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli from livestock and in-contact humans in Southeast Nigeria. Other AMR genes such as bla TEM-1b, aac 3-IId, qnr S1, and sul 2 were also characterized.

The study identifies the multidrug-resistance gene cfr for the first time in Salmonella, highlighting the expansion of the cfr reservoir and potential horizontal spread to other bacteria. It also detects various AMR genes such as floR, sul2, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3”)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aac(6')-Ib-cr, bla CMY−2, bla TEM−1, qnrS1, erm(B), mph(E), msr(E), qepA8, arr-3, sul1, dfrA12, dfrA27, tet(A), tet(D), catB3, aadA16, aac(3)-IV, aph(4)-Ia, aadA2, and fosA7.

The paper discusses the prevalence and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, focusing on tetracycline resistance genes such as tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, tetE, tetI, and tetY in Escherichia coli. These genes are associated with efflux mechanisms that contribute to resistance against tetracycline.

The study identifies 63 different AMR genes in 90 S. Typhimurium isolates from Peru, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-181, blaSHV-12, blaSHV-134, blaCTX-M-15), quinolone resistance genes (qnrB5, qnrB19, qnrE2), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetD, tetR), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul3), dihydrofolate reductase (dfrA1, dfrA12), florfenicol resistance gene (floR), lincomycin resistance gene (linG), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aph(3″)-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA2), colistin resistance gene (mcr-1), and fosfomycin resistance gene (fosA3).

The study identified antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in marine mammals from the North and Baltic Seas, highlighting the presence of resistance genes such as blaTEM, strA, strB, aadA1, sul1, sul2, tet(A), tet(B), tet(D), qnrS, floR, catA1, blaOXA-1-like, blaSHV, and blaCMY-2.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes, including bla OXA-181, bla TEM-1B, aac (3)-IId, aad A2, cml A1, dfr A12, mef (B), sul 3, tet (A), tet (M), incX3, incX1, incFII, qnr S1, aph (3″)-Ib, aph (6)-Id, flo R, lnu (F), sul 2, sul 3, tet (B), mph (A), mph (G), qnr B4, rmt B, and fos A3, in OXA-181-producing E. coli isolates from pigs and bovines in Italy. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics, including carbapenems, cephalosporins, penicillins, aminoglycosides, trimethoprim, macrolides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, fluoroquinolones, and fosfomycin.

The study identifies a diverse array of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes across various plasmid replicon types in enteric pathogens, highlighting the prevalence of resistance genes in plasmids such as IncHI2, IncN, IncA/C, IncP, IncHI1, and IncFIA. Key AMR genes include aac(3)-IId, aac(3)-IIg, aac(6')-Ib3, aadA1, aadA5, aph(3'')-Ib, bla CMY-2, bla CTX-M-27, bla NDM-1, mcr-9.1, and others, which confer resistance to antibiotics such as gentamicin, cephalosporins, carbapenems, colistin, and tetracycline.

The study identified three antibiotic resistance genes in Burkholderia contaminans SK875: tet(D) for tetracycline resistance, afeF for fluoroquinolone/tetracycline resistance, and amrA for aminoglycoside resistance.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella enterica isolates from chicken meat, including aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, quinolone, tetracycline, sulfonamide, and phenicol resistance genes. These genes were detected using whole genome sequencing and correlated with phenotypic resistance profiles.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in E. coli and K. pneumoniae isolates, including bla CTX-M-14, qnrS1, mcr-1.1, and others, highlighting the role of plasmids in the transfer of resistance genes between species.

The study identified bla CTX-M-15 and bla TEM-1b as the primary genes responsible for third-generation cephalosporin resistance in E. coli isolates from European soldiers in Mali. Additionally, several quinolone resistance genes including qnrS1, gyrA S83L, gyrA D87N, parE S458T, parE S458A, and parC S80I were found. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole resistance was mediated by sul1, sul2, dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA14, and dfrA17. Gentamicin resistance was associated with aph6-Id, aph3-Ib, aac3-IId, aadA5, and aac6-Ib-cr5. Tetracycline resistance was conferred by tetA, tetB, and tetD.

The study identified various AMR genes in L. monocytogenes strains from Atlantic salmon, including tetracycline resistance genes (tetC, tetD, tetK, tetL, tetS), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA, strA, aacC2, aphA1, aphA2), macrolide resistance genes (cmlA1, catI, catII), and oxazolidinone resistance genes (cfr, optrA, poxtA).

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in AMR strains isolated from vegetables, including blaTEM, tetA, tetW, tetC, tetD, tetB, qnrS, and sulI. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.

The study identified silA and pcoD genes associated with copper tolerance in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from poultry, and numerous chromosomal mutations linked to colistin resistance.

The study identifies several AMR genes in a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella aerogenes strain, including genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and others. The strain was found to be susceptible to carbapenems and polymyxins.

The study identified multiple carbapenemase genes, including bla NDM-1, bla NDM-5, bla OXA-232, and bla OXA-181, along with other AMR genes such as bla CTX-M-15, armA, tet(A), and tet(D), in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from Southern California.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and heavy metal resistance genes (HMRGs) co-localized on plasmids in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from marine bivalves, highlighting the potential for co-selection of these genes in the marine environment.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Klebsiella isolates, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1, bla SHV, and bla OXA-1, which confer resistance to beta-lactams. Other genes like aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrB1, qnrB6, catA1, catA2, catB3, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA27, sul1, sul2, mph(A), tet(A), tet(D), fosA, ARR-3, and oqxAB were also found, contributing to resistance against aminoglycosides, quinolones, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, macrolides, tetracycline, fosfomycin, rifampicin, and quinolones respectively. Mutations in ompK36, ompK37, and acrR were associated with resistance to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones, while mutations in RamR were linked to tigecycline resistance.

The study reports a case of domestically acquired NDM-1-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a transplant patient in southern California, highlighting the presence of multiple resistance genes including blaNDM-1, blaOXA-10, blaOXA-488, blaPDC-35, blaPME-1, aac(6')-Ib9, ant(3”)-IIa, aph(3′)-IIb, aph(3′)-VIa, catB3, catB7, cmlA9, fosA, tet(D), and sul1.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes, including blaOXA-232, blaCTX-M-15, dfrA14, aac(6')-Ib-cr, and others, in K. pneumoniae isolates, highlighting the role of integrons and plasmids in the dissemination of resistance.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from catheter-associated urinary tract infections in Egypt, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, quinolone resistance proteins, and efflux pump systems. Additionally, a pBT2436-like megaplasmid was detected, which contributes to multidrug resistance.

The study identified a pandrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae strain (Kp196) with a complex resistome comprising numerous acquired and intrinsic resistance mechanisms, including multiple beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, quinolone resistance proteins, and mutations in genes involved in colistin, tigecycline, and fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identifies 23 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in a multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Agona isolate from a dietary supplement in Germany, conferring resistance to 12 different antibiotic classes. Key genes include blaSHV-12, aac(3)-Iig, aac(6')-Iic, aadA2, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, dfrA19, qacEΔ1, ere(A), sul1, sul2, tet(D), mcr-9.1, catA2, arr, qnrS1, blaTEM-1, aac(3)-IIe, and floR.

The study identifies 23 antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in a multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Agona isolate from a dietary supplement in Germany, conferring resistance to 12 different antibiotic classes. Key genes include blaSHV-12, aac(3)-Iig, aac(6')-Iic, aadA2, aph(3')-Ia, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, dfrA19, qacEΔ1, ere(A), sul1, sul2, tet(D), mcr-9.1, catA2, arr, qnrS1, blaTEM-1, aac(3)-IIe, and floR.

The study characterizes various AMR genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1B, bla OXA-1, qnrB1, qnrS1, aph(6)-Id, aph(3”)-Ib, aac(3)-IIa, ant(3”)-Ia, dfrA14, dfrA1, aac(6’)-Ib-cr, tet(A), tet(D), sul2, sul1, fosA6, fosA_5, fosA_3, bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-14b, bla CTX-M-8, bla CMY-2, bla TEM-190, aac(3)-IVa, aph(4)-Ia, and catB3_2, in ESBL-producing Enterobacterales isolates from long-term colonized patients.

The study identified tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole resistance genes (tetD, tetB, tetM, tetE, sul1, sul2, and dfrA) in Vibrio and Aeromonas isolates from raw seafood samples in Japan.

The study identifies blaIMP-4 and blaIMP-26 as carbapenemase genes responsible for carbapenem resistance in Enterobacterales. Additionally, various other AMR genes such as aac(6')-lb3, armAC, aph(3'')-lb, aph(6)-ld, aadA5, aac(6')-llc, aac(3)-IId, dfrA19, dfrA1, sul1, tet(D), tet(A), qnrS1, qnrB4, msr(E), mph(E), ere(A), mph(A), mcr-9, and ARR-3 were characterized for their roles in resistance to different antibiotics.

The study characterizes the horizontal transfer of ColV plasmids in bla(CTX-M)-bearing avian E. coli, identifying multiple resistance genes and virulence factors associated with these plasmids.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM, bla SHV, bla NDM, bla OXA, and others, contributing to carbapenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates. Mutations in porin genes ompK35 and ompK36, as well as in gyrA and parC, are associated with reduced susceptibility to carbapenems and fluoroquinolones.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes on plasmids and chromosomes of Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from fresh produce, highlighting the diversity of resistance mechanisms and the potential for horizontal gene transfer.

The study identified multiple carbapenem resistance genes, including bla KPC-2, bla PDC-36/12, and bla POM-1, in multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria isolated from a pediatric hospital in the Gaza Strip. These genes were found in various bacterial species such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae.

The paper discusses the emergence and global spread of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Salmonella, highlighting the resistance mechanisms involving genes such as blaCTX-M-15, floR, cat1, cat2, strA, strB, aacC(3), aadA, ant(3")-Ia, aph(3)-IIa, tet(A), tet(B), tet(D), tet(G), tet(H), dfrA10, dhfrXII, sul1, sul2, sul3, mphA, and ermB.

The study reports the genomic characterization of an extended-spectrum β-Lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate, Cow102, which exhibits multidrug resistance. It identifies several resistance genes, including blaSHV-1, blaSHV-11, blaSHV-13, blaSHV-26, blaSHV-70, blaSHV-78, blaSHV-98, blaSHV-145, blaTEM-1B, aadA2, catA2, catII, dfrA16, fosA, oqxA, oqxB, sul1, sul2, and tet(D).

The study identified several AMR genes in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from cow milk, including bla TEM, bla CTX-M, bla OXA-1, bla OXA-2, bla CMY-1, tet A, tet B, tet D, sul -1, and sul -2, which confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified multiple ESBL and AmpC β-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-15, bla CTX-M-55, bla CTX-M-3, bla CTX-M-27, bla CTX-M-65, bla SHV-12, bla SHV-42, bla DHA-1, bla CMY-2, bla CMY-3, bla CMY-46, bla CMY-101, bla ACT-16, bla CMH-like, and bla MIR-9, along with other AMR genes such as mcr-1, qnrS1, aac(6')-Ib-cr5, and various tetracycline, aminoglycoside, sulfonamide, chloramphenicol, macrolide, lincosamide, and rifampicin resistance genes in Enterobacterales isolates from imported healthy reptiles.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Enterobacter cloacae complex isolates from Southern Thailand, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and efflux pumps. Notably, the mcr-9 gene was found to confer colistin resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes in Morganella clinical isolates, including tet(B), sul1, catA2, sul2, floR, aadA1, and others, contributing to resistance against various antibiotics.

The study identified tetracycline resistance genes tet(A) and tet(D), along with quinolone, sulfonamide, and trimethoprim resistance genes qnrS1, sul1, and dfrA1 in plasmids from sprout samples.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates, including blaCTX-M-15, blaKPC-3, and others conferring resistance to β-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified a variety of antimicrobial resistance genes in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae species complex isolates, including bla KPC−2, bla CTX−M, bla SHV, aac(6')-Ib, aadA1, aadA2, aph(3')-Ia, oqxAB, qnrB19, qnrS1, tet(A), tet(D), sul1, sul2, sul3, cmlA1, floR, fosA, and fosA3. These genes confer resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics, highlighting the complexity of antimicrobial resistance in these isolates.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Enterococcus spp. isolated from mussels, including tetC, tetD, cfr, vanA, vanD, vatE, vatD, and qnrS, which confer resistance to tetracycline, linezolid, vancomycin, and fluoroquinolone.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in an extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate, including bla NDM-1, armA, msrE, mphE, BRP, bla OXA-1, aadA2, dfrA12, qnrB1, bla CTX-M-15, and cat1, highlighting the complex resistance mechanisms in this isolate.

The study identifies a wide range of antibiotic resistance genes in the Enterobacter hormaechei complex, highlighting its multidrug-resistant nature and the role of mobile genetic elements in the dissemination of resistance.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, including bla TEM, bla SHV, bla CTX-M, and bla OXA families, as well as aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, and sulfonamide resistance genes. Effluent isolates showed fewer resistance genes and lower resistance levels compared to clinical isolates.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant E. coli isolates from diarrheagenic children in Nairobi, Kenya, highlighting the presence of blaTEM-1B, blaCTX-M-15, qnrS1, qnrB4, aac(6')-Ib-cr, and other resistance mechanisms.

The study identifies aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(6')-Iaa, aac(6')-Im, aph(2")-Ib), beta-lactamase genes (bla TEM-1B, bla SHV-2), and the tetracycline resistance gene tet(D) in Salmonella Mikawasima isolates, highlighting multidrug resistance in hospital settings.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Serratia marcescens isolates, including aac(6'), sdeY, sdeB, smfY, blaSRT, tet(41), blaSHV, and tet(D). These genes contribute to resistance against various antibiotics, highlighting the complexity of the outbreak's genetic profile.

The study identifies various acquired antibiotic resistance genes in Pseudomonas spp., Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter spp. in the Western Balkans and Hungary, including beta-lactamases like bla VIM-2-like, bla NDM-1, bla OXA-23, and bla OXA-66, aminoglycoside resistance genes such as aacA4, aadA2, and aphA, sulfonamide resistance gene sul1, and others. These genes confer resistance to multiple antibiotics, highlighting the complexity of antimicrobial resistance in the region.

The study identified multiple beta-lactamase genes, including bla SHV, bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1B, and bla OXA-1, as well as a variety of other resistance genes such as aac(3)-IIa, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3'')-Ib, aph(6)-Id, aadA1, qnrB1, qnrB4, qnrB2, qnrB19, sul2, sul1, dfrA14, dfrA15, OqxA, OqxB, fosA, qacE, tetA, and tetD. Mutations in ompK36 and ompK37 were also found to contribute to reduced susceptibility to cephalosporins and carbapenems.

The study characterizes the dissemination of colistin resistance genes mcr-9 and mcr-10 across diverse Inc plasmid backbones in Enterobacter species, highlighting their co-occurrence with other resistance genes and their global distribution.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes, including blaCTX-M-15, blaTEM-1D, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aadA16, strB, qnrS1, sul2, sul1, catII.2, tet(A), dfrA14, arr-3, and mphA, in ESBL-KpSC isolates from East Africa, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations in the novel ST7947 carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate BB-7, including bla CTX-M-15, bla SHV-28, bla TEM-1, bla OXA-1, bla OXA-232, armA, aadA2, baeR, tetD, adeF, emrR, AAC(6')-Ib-cr6, catI, sul1, mphE, msrE, dfrA1, oqxA, and fosA, as well as mutations in GyrA, ParC, OmpA, OmpK37, and ArnT that confer resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study identifies various AMR genes and mutations in Klebsiella pneumoniae, highlighting knowledge gaps in existing annotation tools and databases for accurate resistance prediction.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in E. coli isolates from diarrheic calves in the Ulagai region of China, including sul2, TEM-1, tetR, strB, QacH, floR, and CTXM-55, which were associated with resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Chinese S. Montevideo isolates, including beta-lactamases (bla TEM−1B, bla OXA−1, bla LAP−2, bla CTX−M−55, bla CTX−M−65, bla DHA−1), quinolone resistance genes (qnrS2, qnrS1, qnrA1, qnrB6, qnrB4, qepA1), macrolide resistance genes (mphA, mphE, msrE, mphB), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetD, tetB), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, dfrA14, dfrA12, dfrA27, sul3), and chloramphenicol resistance genes (floR, catA2, catB3).