The study identified several AMR genes in group B streptococci, including aac(6')-aph(2"), mefA, ermTR, tetM, and tetO, which confer resistance to aminoglycosides, macrolides, and tetracyclines. These genes were experimentally validated through PCR and susceptibility testing.

The study identifies multiple tetracycline resistance genotypes in Megasphaera elsdenii strains, including novel mosaic genes such as tet(OWO)-1 and tet(OWO)-2, which confer high levels of tetracycline resistance.

The study identifies the tet(O) gene as the primary mediator of tetracycline resistance in Campylobacter jejuni isolates from Alberta, Canada, with high-level resistance linked to specific nucleotide substitutions in the gene.

The study identified erm(B), tet(O), and tet(M) as the primary genes responsible for erythromycin and tetracycline resistance in Streptococcus agalactiae isolates from dairy cows in Brazil.

The study identified the presence of tet(M) and tet(O) genes in tetracycline-resistant Streptococcus porcinus isolates from human sources, highlighting the role of these genes in tetracycline resistance.

The study developed and validated real-time PCR assays to quantify ten major classes of tetracycline resistance genes (tet) in microbiome samples, revealing significant differences in tet gene abundance between bovine and swine manures, with swine manures showing higher levels. Composting significantly reduced tet gene abundance.

The study identified a novel mef gene subclass, mef(I), in pneumococci with efflux-mediated erythromycin resistance. It also characterized the presence of tet(M) and tet(O) genes contributing to tetracycline resistance in certain isolates.

The study developed a multiplex PCR and reverse line blot hybridization assay to detect nine antibiotic resistance-related genes in Streptococcus agalactiae, including erm(B), erm(A/TR), mef(A/E), tet(M), tet(O), aphA-3, aad-6, int-Tn, and mreA. These genes were found to be associated with resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified tet(B), tet(O), tet(H), and tet(L) genes in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates from Spain, all of which confer tetracycline resistance through efflux mechanisms.

The study identified the presence of tetracycline resistance genes tet(O) and tet(W), as well as the erythromycin resistance gene erm(X), in Bifidobacterium thermophilum and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum isolates from animal sources.

The study identified and characterized seven tetracycline resistance genes (tet(M), tet(O), tet(Q), tet(W), tet(C), tet(H), and tet(Z)) in lagoons and groundwater near swine production facilities over a 3-year period. These genes were consistently detected in groundwater and lagoon samples, with varying frequencies and concentrations depending on the location and sampling time.

The study identified ermB and tetO as the primary erythromycin and tetracycline resistance genes in enterococci from both bison and cattle, with tetM also found in some bison isolates. Ciprofloxacin resistance was noted but not linked to specific mutations.

The study identifies the tet(O) gene as the primary determinant of tetracycline resistance in a dominant Campylobacter jejuni clone associated with ovine abortion outbreaks in the United States.

The study identified the presence of antibiotic resistance genes including tetO, ermB, mecA, blaSHV-5, ampC, and vanA in reclaimed water from three European artificial groundwater recharge systems. These genes were detected using real-time qPCR, indicating their potential impact on the environment.

The study identifies several AMR genes, including bla ROB-1, tet(B), tet(H), tet(O), strA, and sul2, which are responsible for multidrug resistance in Pasteurella multocida. These genes are located on small plasmids and contribute to resistance against beta-lactams, tetracyclines, streptomycin, and sulfamethoxazole.

The study identified antimicrobial resistance genes erm(B), erm(A), linB, tet(M), and tet(O) in bovine group C streptococci, indicating their potential role in multidrug resistance and horizontal gene transfer.

The study identified erm(TR) as the primary macrolide resistance gene and tet(O) as the most common tetracycline resistance gene in Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from Turkey.

The study identified various AMR genes including erm(B), linB, lnuD, tet(M), tet(S), and tet(O) associated with resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and tetracyclines in bovine isolates of Streptococcus agalactiae, S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae, and S. uberis.

The study reports the presence and expression of tet(L) in Streptococcus suis strains and highlights the co-expression of multiple tetracycline resistance genes contributing to high MIC levels against tetracycline.

The study identified tetracycline resistance genes tet(M), tet(O), and tet(L), and erythromycin resistance gene erm(B) in Streptococcus suis serotype 2 strains isolated from slaughterhouse pigs in southern Vietnam.

The study identifies various mef subclasses (mef(E), mef(I), mef(A/E), and a novel mef) associated with resistance genes (tet(M), tet(O), and catQ) in Streptococcus pyogenes, highlighting the diversity of genetic elements involved in macrolide and tetracycline resistance.

The study identified various tetracycline resistance genes, including tet(M), tet(L), erm(T), tet(W), tet(O), and tet(X), in the gut microbiota of a mother and her infant. It also discovered a novel composite transposon, Tn 6079, carrying tet(M), tet(L), and erm(T) in the infant's gut, highlighting the potential for horizontal gene transfer and maternal transmission of antibiotic resistance.

The study identified tetracycline resistance genes tet(O) and tet(W) in Megasphaera elsdenii strains, which were experimentally validated to confer tetracycline resistance.

The study identified numerous antibiotic resistance (AR) genes in gulls, including both known and previously undescribed ones. It highlights the significant diversity of AR genes in gulls, emphasizing their potential role in spreading resistance genes between human and environmental habitats.

The study identified tetracycline resistance genes tet(M) and tet(O), the erythromycin resistance gene erm(B), and the streptomycin resistance gene aadA in Streptococcus canis isolates, highlighting the presence of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in this species.

The paper reviews the resistance mechanisms in Campylobacter jejuni, focusing on fluoroquinolone, macrolide, beta-lactam, tetracycline, and aminoglycoside resistance. Key mechanisms include mutations in gyrA, efflux pumps like CmeABC, modifications of 23S rRNA, and the presence of resistance genes such as aphA-3, TetO, and blaOXA-61.

The study identified tetracycline resistance genes (tet(M), tet(O), tet(Q), and tet(W)) in the microbiota of newborns and their mothers, highlighting differences in gene prevalence based on delivery mode.

The study identifies tetracycline resistance genes tet(M), tet(K), and tet(O) in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius isolates and proposes canine-specific breakpoints for doxycycline susceptibility testing.

The study identified the tetracycline resistance gene tet(O) in Campylobacter jejuni isolates associated with sheep abortion, highlighting its role in tetracycline resistance and the impact of antimicrobial use on the prevalence of resistant clones.

The study identified various tetracycline, sulfonamide, and beta-lactam resistance genes in goat and lamb slaughterhouse surfaces and meat products, highlighting the prevalence of tet genes and their potential role in the spread of antibiotic resistance.

The study identified the presence of tet(O) and tet(A) genes in Campylobacter isolates from poultry carcasses in Iran, highlighting the high prevalence of tetracycline resistance in these isolates.

The study demonstrates the transduction of the bacteriophage Φm46.1, which carries the resistance genes mef(A) and tet(O), to various Streptococcus species, confirming its functionality and resistance profiles.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Enterococcus faecalis isolated from retail chicken products in Japan, including aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, ant(6)-Ia, tet(L), tet(M), tet(O), and erm(B). These genes were associated with resistance to various antibiotics such as kanamycin, gentamicin, streptomycin, dihydrostreptomycin, oxytetracycline, and erythromycin.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in swine fecal samples using qPCR, including tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(M), tet(O), tet(W)), erythromycin resistance genes (ermB, ermF), sulfonamide resistance genes (sulI, sulII), beta-lactam resistance genes (blaCTX-M-1 group, blaCMY-2, blaSHV family), and glycopeptide resistance gene (vanA).

The study identified blaOXA-61, cmeB, tet(O), and aph-3-1 as the primary antimicrobial resistance genes in Campylobacter isolates from raw milk and beef carcasses in Tanzania.

The study found that housefly larva vermicomposting significantly reduces the abundance of tetracycline resistance genes (tet(M), tet(O), tet(Q), tet(W)) and increases the abundance of sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2) in swine manure. It also observed changes in the bacterial community structure, with a significant decrease in the diversity and richness of bacteria.

The study identifies and characterizes the ICESa2603 family of integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) carrying the macrolide resistance gene erm(B) and tetracycline resistance gene tet(O). These ICEs are widespread in swine and bovine isolates in China and contribute to the spread of antibiotic resistance.

The study identifies tetracycline resistance gene tetO and macrolide resistance gene ermB in ST25 S. suis strains, which are carried on integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs).

The paper discusses various mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, including beta-lactamases like blaKPC, blaNDM, blaIMP, and blaVIM, which confer resistance to carbapenems. It also covers aminoglycoside modifying enzymes such as aac(6')-Ib and aac(6')-I, quinolone resistance proteins like qnr, tetracycline resistance genes such as tet(M) and tet(O), macrolide resistance genes like erm, mefA, and mefE, and efflux pump systems like mexAB-oprM and acrAB-tolC.

High levels of resistance to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline were observed in Campylobacter isolates from Kenyan chicken, with specific genes (gyrA, tet(O), and tet(A)) identified as contributing to resistance.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including tetO, ermB, ant6, aphA, ant9, and lnuB, in Group B Streptococcus CC17 isolates from China, highlighting the emergence of multi-drug resistance in these hypervirulent strains.

The study identified numerous antibiotic resistance genes in Clostridium bolteae and Clostridium clostridioforme, including beta-lactamases, glycopeptide resistance operons, macrolide and lincosamide resistance genes, and efflux pumps. Notably, C. bolteae 90B3 exhibited resistance to linezolid, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and tiamulin due to the presence of the 23S rRNA methyltransferase gene cfr. Additionally, C. clostridioforme 90A8 possessed a VanB-type operon conferring vancomycin resistance.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in Campylobacter jejuni 1655, including gyrA T86I mutation, 23S rRNA A2075G mutation, tetO, aphA, and aadE genes, contributing to resistance against fluoroquinolones, macrolides, tetracycline, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified mecA and mecA Ss genes in methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) from street food in Taiwan, along with several other resistance genes such as ermA, ermC, tet(M), tet(K), tet(O), and aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, which confer resistance to oxacillin, erythromycin, tetracycline, and gentamicin.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Enterococcus spp. isolated from bovine feces, including erm(B) for macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin B resistance, tet(L), tet(M), and tet(O) for tetracycline resistance, and the vanC operon for glycopeptide resistance.

The study identified and characterized the tetracycline resistance gene tetO from Streptococcus mutans DL5, which was cloned and shown to confer tetracycline resistance when expressed in Streptococcus sanguis Challis.

The study identified tet(W), tet(O), and tet(S) as tetracycline resistance genes in human intestinal bifidobacteria, highlighting their potential as reservoirs of resistance genes.

The study identifies several tetracycline resistance genes (tetM, tetW, tetO, tetS), sulfonamide resistance genes (sulI, sulII), and others, showing their expression dynamics during composting and their association with microbial community shifts.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, including ermB, ermF, sulI, sulII, tet(M), tet(O), and tet(W), and examined their association with antimicrobial exposure in Danish pig farms. The results showed complex relationships between antimicrobial exposure and AMR gene levels, with varying correlations depending on the specific gene and antimicrobial class.

The study characterizes ICE Sag37, a novel integrative and conjugative element carrying multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including erm(B), tet(O), aadE, aphA, and ant(6), in Streptococcus agalactiae.

The study characterizes 15 Streptococcus pyogenes isolates from animals in Spain, identifying macrolide resistance genes mef A and erm B, and tetracycline resistance genes tet M and tet O. Most isolates exhibited the M phenotype for macrolide resistance, while some showed cMLS B or iMLS B phenotypes.

The paper discusses the role of integrative and mobilizable elements (IMEs) in bacterial evolution, focusing on their ability to hijack conjugative systems for their transfer and their potential to carry antibiotic resistance genes.

The study identified multiple tetracycline, macrolide, lincosamide, and aminoglycoside resistance genes in Streptococcus suis serotype 9 strains, highlighting the widespread presence of antibiotic resistance mechanisms in these isolates.

The study identifies tetO as the primary tetracycline resistance gene in Campylobacter jejuni isolates from beef cattle and highlights gyrA mutations, particularly Thr86Ile, as a major cause of fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identifies several tetracycline resistance genes (tet B, tet L, tet Z, tet M, tet O, and tet X) in cultivable tetracycline-resistant bacteria from pig manure and soil, highlighting the diversity and abundance of these genes following pig manure application.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in feedlots and urban wastewater, highlighting the prevalence of sulfonamide, tetracycline, macrolide, fluoroquinolone, and β-lactam resistance genes in different environments.

The study identified antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) such as qnrA, sulI, sulII, tetG, tetM, tetO, and intI1 in liquid manure from swine feedlots and their effects on nearby groundwater. These genes were found to be associated with fluoroquinolone, sulfonamide, and tetracycline resistance.

The paper discusses the prevalence and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus species, particularly focusing on macrolide, lincosamide, and tetracycline resistance. Key genes identified include erm(B), erm(A), lnuB, lnuD, mefA, mefE, msr, tet(B), tet(K), tet(L), tet(M), tet(O), and tet(S).

The study identified and characterized multiple tetracycline resistance genes, including tet(A), tet(B), tet(M), tet(O), tet(O/W/32/O), tet(Q), and tet(X), in Riemerella anatipestifer isolates from ducks in China. The tet(X) gene was found to be the primary mechanism of tetracycline resistance.

The study identifies a significant increase in macrolide resistance among Streptococcus agalactiae isolates causing invasive disease in non-pregnant adults in Portugal, primarily linked to the expansion of a specific capsular-transformed lineage (CC1) harboring resistance genes such as erm(B), erm(TR), erm(T), mef(E), tet(M), tet(O), and tet(L).

The study identifies several AMR genes in multidrug-resistant Streptococcus suis isolates, including tetM, lnuB, erm(B), tetO, tetL, and aph3′, which confer resistance to tetracycline, clindamycin, erythromycin, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified several AMR genes in GBS isolates from urine in Suzhou, including tetM, ermB, mefE, lnuB, and others, associated with resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, and fluoroquinolones.

The study identified the tet(O) gene as a determinant of tetracycline resistance in Campylobacter spp. and characterized mutations in the gyrA gene associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

The study identified and characterized the tet(O) and tet(W) genes in Arcobacter faecis and Arcobacter lanthieri, which confer resistance to tetracycline.

The study identifies a novel integrative conjugative element (ICE), ICESsuHN105, carrying multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Streptococcus suis serotype 5 strain HN105, contributing to its multidrug resistance phenotype.

The study identified several AMR genes including ermC, tetK, aac6-aph2a, aph(2)-ic, aadD, aph3-III, and ermB in Gram-positive pathogens isolated from the International Space Station. These genes conferred resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, gentamicin, kanamycin, and other antibiotics.

The study identified tet(O) and tet(S) genes in tetracycline-resistant Enterococcus gallinarum isolates from laboratory mice, indicating horizontal gene transfer potential.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including aac(6')-Ib, ermB, tetM, and catD, in Clostridium difficile isolates from clade 4, highlighting the role of mobile genetic elements in the evolution of multidrug resistance.

The study identified the tetO gene, 23S rRNA 2075G/2074C mutation, and gryA gene as major contributors to antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter isolates from pediatric stool and water samples in South Africa.

The study identified quinolone resistance mediated by gyrA Thr-86-Ile mutation, tetracycline resistance via tet(O) gene, aminoglycoside resistance through ant(6)-Ib and APH(3')-IIIa genes, and multidrug resistance via cmeABC efflux pump in Campylobacter isolates from Latvia.

The study identified several tetracycline, macrolide, aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, sulfonamide, mercury, and biocide resistance genes in beef feedlots, catch basin water, soil, and urban sewage influent. Tetracycline resistance was predominant in beef production systems, while urban sewage influent showed a diverse resistome with resistance to multiple antimicrobial classes.

The study characterizes the AMR genes and mutations in Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus isolates from China, identifying erm(B), erm(A), erm(T), mef(A/E), tet(L), tet(O), and tet(M) as major contributors to erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline resistance.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the fecal microbiota of dairy calves, highlighting the association between diet and the resistome. Key genes include ermB, lnuC, mefA, tet32, tet40, tetO, tetQ, tetW, and optrA, which confer resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, and tetracyclines, as well as oxazolidinones and phenicols.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Elizabethkingia meningoseptica strains, including beta-lactamases, tetracycline resistance genes, and efflux pumps, indicating a multidrug-resistant profile.

The study identified tetracycline resistance gene tet(O), beta-lactam resistance genes blaOXA-61 and blaOXA-184, and the CmeABC efflux pump system as major contributors to antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter jejuni isolates from Italy.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Streptococcus ruminantium isolates, including genes conferring resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, erythromycin, kanamycin, and chloramphenicol. These genes were located in genomic islands and showed similarities to integrative conjugative elements.

The study found that 100% of tetracycline-resistant Campylobacter isolates harbored the tet(O) gene, suggesting that previous reports of tet(A) in these bacteria may have been due to misidentification.

The study identifies the tetO gene as a key factor in tetracycline resistance in Campylobacter jejuni ST6964, which emerged in New Zealand in 2014. Additionally, the C257T (Thr86Ile) mutation in the gyrA gene was found to be responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance in this strain.

The study identified 50 unique antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in food waste, compost, and farm products, with a focus on aminoglycoside, tetracycline, and macrolide resistance. Key ARGs included aph(6)-1d, lmrD, mefA, mel, abeM, abeS, adeF, adeG, adeI, adeJ, adeK, emrD, sul2, tetH, tetM, tetO, tetW, and tetX, which were found in various samples and showed resistance to multiple drug classes.

The study identifies specific AMR genes such as tet(M), erm(B), mef(A), msr(D), tet(O), erm(A), ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-III, and erm(T) associated with resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, and aminoglycosides in group A Streptococcus (GAS) strains. These genes are linked to high-frequency resistance in certain emm types, particularly emm11, emm75, emm77, and emm92, which are overrepresented in invasive GAS infections.

The study found that tetracycline resistance in Campylobacter jejuni is primarily mediated by the tetO gene, and that AS700 administration increased the carriage of tetO and tetW resistance determinants in the fecal bacterial community of beef cattle.

The study identified the tet(O) gene as a determinant of tetracycline resistance, the C257T mutation in gyrA as a cause of quinolone resistance, and the A2075G mutation in the 23S rRNA gene as a factor in erythromycin resistance in Campylobacter jejuni isolates.

The paper describes the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in Clostridium and Brachyspira spp. and other anaerobes, focusing on the genetic basis of resistance to various antibiotics, including tetracyclines, macrolides, lincosamides, chloramphenicol, and others. It highlights the role of specific genes such as tet, erm, and cat in conferring resistance.

The study identified the gyrA mutation (Thr-86-Ile), tet(O) gene, and cmeB gene as contributors to antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter spp. isolates from poultry in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

The study identified blaCTX-M-55, a gene conferring resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins, in an E. coli isolate from a corvid bird. Additionally, the tetracycline resistance gene tetO was found in multiple C. jejuni isolates.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance (AR) determinants in dairy products and processing environments, including genes conferring resistance to beta-lactams, tetracyclines, glycopeptides, macrolides, and streptogramins. Notably, Lactococcus lactis was found to be a significant reservoir of multidrug-resistant genes.

The study identifies numerous antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in migratory birds, highlighting the presence of mcr-1, beta-lactamases, tetracycline resistance genes, and other resistance mechanisms. These findings suggest that migratory birds could serve as reservoirs and potential vectors for spreading ARGs into the environment.

The study identified several AMR genes in enterococci isolated from feedlot cattle, including erm(B), msr(C), tet(L), tet(M), and tet(O), which confer resistance to macrolides and tetracyclines.

The study identified multiple horizontally acquired resistance genes in Campylobacter jejuni isolates from New Hampshire, including genes conferring resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, streptothricin, and tetracycline.

The study identified the presence of tetracycline resistance genes (tet(B), tet(K), tet(L), tet(O)) and the sulfonamide resistance gene sulIII in wastewater treatment plant samples. These genes were detected in both raw influent and final effluent samples, indicating their persistence through the treatment process.

The study identified ermB and tetW genes in L. reuteri strains from chicken GIT, which confer resistance to erythromycin and tetracycline, respectively. These genes were validated through PCR and sequencing.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in Campylobacter jejuni isolates from a large multistate outbreak linked to pet store puppies, including resistance to tetracycline, aminoglycosides, macrolides, fluoroquinolones, and others.

The study identified macrolide resistance genes erm(B) and mef(A/E), tetracycline resistance genes tet(M) and tet(O), and two mutations in parC associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in SDSE isolates from pigs.

The study identified 55 different antimicrobial resistance determinants in diarrheal pathogens, highlighting the presence of genes conferring resistance to multiple antibiotic classes, including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, macrolides, tetracyclines, phenicols, sulfonamides, and others. Notably, carbapenemase genes like bla OXA-48 and bla NDM were detected in certain isolates, indicating emerging resistance concerns.

The study identified several AMR genes, including blaOXA61, blaOXA184, tet(O), tet(O/32/O), aadE-Cc, and aph(3')-III, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides in Campylobacter isolates. Additionally, mutations in the cmeR gene were linked to increased resistance to erythromycin, fluoroquinolones, and macrolides.

The study identified twelve antimicrobial resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Enterococcus isolates from freshwater, including genes conferring resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, tylosin, kanamycin, streptomycin, and ciprofloxacin. These genes were detected through PCR and sequencing, highlighting the diversity of resistance mechanisms in environmental Enterococcus.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Campylobacter jejuni isolates from Israel, including the tet(O) gene for tetracycline resistance, the gyrA T86I mutation for quinolone resistance, the aadE gene for streptomycin resistance, and various bla OXA genes for beta-lactam resistance. The cmeABC multidrug efflux transporter was also found to be prevalent.

The study compared hybrid assembly approaches for bacterial pathogen genomes and identified AMR genes such as blaZ, msr(A), and tet(K) in Staphylococcus aureus.

The study identified seven resistance genes and several mutations associated with antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter jejuni isolates, demonstrating the effectiveness of whole-genome sequencing in predicting resistance.

The study found that pyrolysis of biowastes effectively reduced the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) such as tetracycline resistance genes (tetC, tetG, tetM, tetO, tetW), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2), and class 1 integron-integrase gene (intI1) in swine manure and sewage sludge.

This study identified various antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in sewer biofilms, including sul1, blaTEM, tet(G), tet(O), tet(W), and ermF, which were detected in field and simulated sewer biofilm samples. The research also explored the effects of disinfection protocols on biofilm persistence.

The study identified 15 acquired genes associated with resistance to five distinct antibiotic classes in Campylobacter spp., including novel beta-lactamase genes blaOXA-493 and blaOXA-576, and characterized mutations in gyrA, rpsL, and 23S rRNA that confer resistance to fluoroquinolones, streptomycin, and macrolides, respectively.

The study identified Campylobacter coli isolates resistant to multiple antibiotics, including tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and erythromycin, with the presence of resistance genes bla OXA-61, cme B, tet (O), and aad E.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Campylobacter isolates from pigs and wild boars in Italy, highlighting high levels of resistance to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and erythromycin. Key findings include the detection of tet(O), cmeA, cmeB, cmeC, cmeR, OXA-61, and aph(3')-III genes, as well as the gyrA T86I mutation and 23S rRNA A2075G mutation.

The study identified mutations in the gyrA and tet(O) genes in Campylobacter strains, which conferred resistance to quinolones and tetracycline, respectively. Natural products showed efficacy against both susceptible and resistant strains.

The study identified the gyrA C257T mutation, tetO gene, and ermB gene as key contributors to fluoroquinolone, tetracycline, and macrolide resistance in Campylobacter isolates from chickens and pigs in China.

The study identified tetracycline resistance genes tetM, tetL, and tetO, macrolide/lincosamide resistance genes ermTR, ermB, and lnu, and aminoglycoside resistance gene aac(6')-Ib in Streptococcus agalactiae isolates. Additionally, mutations in gyrA and parC were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified antibiotic resistance genes CITM, aadA1, tetO, and qnrB in Escherichia coli isolates from spring water in Sikkim, indicating the presence of multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae.

The study identifies several AMR genes in Corynebacterium diphtheriae, including pbp2m associated with penicillin resistance, ermX for macrolide resistance, and various genes for tetracycline, aminoglycoside, and sulfonamide resistance.

The study identified tetracycline resistance mediated by the tet(O) gene and erythromycin resistance via the erm(B) gene and a nucleotide substitution at nt 2,075 of 23S rDNA in Campylobacter isolates from Mongolian chickens. Fluoroquinolone resistance was linked to a single-nucleotide substitution at codon 86 of the gyrA gene.

The study identified various tetracycline resistance genes including tet(W), tet(Q), tet(32), tet(O), tet(44), tetA(P), and tetB(P) in chicken gut microbiota commensals, highlighting their distribution across different bacterial families.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in pneumococcal strains from Myanmar, including genes conferring resistance to azithromycin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and quinolones, as well as mutations in penicillin-binding proteins and DNA gyrase. These findings highlight the spread of AMR in pneumococcal strains in Myanmar.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Campylobacter isolates from food animals, poultry processing, and retail meat in North Carolina, highlighting the prevalence of tetracycline, quinolone, and aminoglycoside resistance. Key findings include the detection of tet(O), gyrA(T86I), and multiple aminoglycoside resistance genes such as aad9, aadE-Cc, aph(2')-If, and aph(3')-IIIa.

This study analyzed the virulence and genomic characteristics of nine United States Streptococcus suis isolates, identifying genomic attributes associated with swine-virulent phenotypes. However, no specific AMR genes or mutations were experimentally validated in this paper.

The study identified blaOXA-61, cmeABC, and tetO as key antimicrobial resistance genes in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains from Chile, along with a gyrA mutation (C257T) associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identifies several ribosomal protection protein (RPP) genes, including tet(M), tet(O), tet(W), tet(Q), tetB(P), and otr(A), that can confer high-level tetracycline resistance in E. coli. However, expression of these genes often comes with fitness costs, and certain mutations in tRNA genes (argW and proL) or the hns gene can mitigate these costs.

The study reports the identification of antimicrobial resistance determinants in a clinical Campylobacter jejuni strain, including blaOXA-450 for beta-lactams, tet(O) for tetracycline, and a gyrA T86I mutation for fluoroquinolones.

The study identified tetracycline resistance genes tetO and tetW in Arcobacter butzleri isolates, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant Arcobacter strains in aquatic environments.

High-level resistance to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, and tetracycline was observed in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates. A missense mutation (C257T) in the gyrA gene was confirmed, and the tet(O) gene was identified as a determinant of tetracycline resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes including aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and beta-lactamases in Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli isolates from ruminants. Mutations in gyrA and rpsL were linked to quinolone and streptomycin resistance, respectively. The presence of specific genetic determinants correlated with phenotypic resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes including aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and beta-lactamases in Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli isolates from ruminants. Mutations in gyrA and rpsL were linked to quinolone and streptomycin resistance, respectively. The presence of specific genetic determinants correlated with phenotypic resistance.

The study identified tetracycline resistance gene tetO, ampicillin resistance gene blaOXA-61, and multidrug efflux pump gene cmeB in Campylobacter spp. Additionally, mutations in gyrA (Thr-86-Ile) and 23S rRNA (A2075G and A2074C) were found to confer resistance to quinolones and erythromycin, respectively.

The study identified several AMR genes in S. agalactiae isolates from dairy cattle with mastitis, including tet(O), ermB, lnu(B), and aphA3, which confer resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, pirlimycin, and kanamycin.

The study identifies the emergence of invasive serotype Ib sequence type 10 Group B Streptococcus (GBS) disease in Chinese infants, highlighting the presence of multiple resistance mechanisms including ermB, mefA, lnuB, tetM, and tetO genes, along with fluoroquinolone resistance mediated by mutations in gyrA and parC.

The study demonstrates the effectiveness of novel nanomaterials in reducing antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in wastewater, including bla CTXM, erm B, qnr S, sul 1, tet O, mec A, van A, and intI 1.

The paper discusses ribosome protection proteins (RPPs) as significant contributors to antibiotic resistance, particularly against tetracyclines, fusidic acid, and various other antibiotics targeting the ribosome. Key RPPs include TetM, TetO, FusB, VgaA, LsaA, MsrE, MsrA, optrA, and poxtA, which confer resistance through mechanisms involving direct interaction with the ribosome and displacement of antibiotics.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations associated with resistance to quinolones, tetracyclines, and macrolides in Campylobacter isolates from various sources. Key findings include the prevalence of blaOXA-61, tet(O), and mutations in gyrA and 23S rRNA genes.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in Campylobacter spp. isolated from a yellow-feathered broiler slaughterhouse, highlighting high levels of multidrug resistance.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in sewer sediments and wastewater, including sul1, tet(O), tet(W), ermF, vanA, NDM-1, mcr-1, and mecA, highlighting the potential for ARG proliferation in sewer environments.

The study identified fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains through the C257T mutation in the gyrA gene and the cmeABC efflux pump. Tetracycline resistance was associated with the tet(O) gene. Beta-lactam resistance was indicated by blaOXA-452, blaOXA-521, and blaOXA-193 genes.

The study identified ermX and tetO genes in Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum isolates from Vietnam, which confer resistance to azithromycin and tetracycline, respectively. Additionally, mutations in the gyrA gene were associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

Extensively drug-resistant Campylobacter jejuni strains were found to be associated with pet store puppies, showing resistance to multiple antibiotic classes including fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and tetracyclines.

Nine Clostridioides difficile strains isolated from Korean patients were analyzed, revealing diverse antibiotic resistance genes including those conferring resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, glycopeptides, fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides, and tetracyclines.

The study identified several AMR genes in Streptococcus suis serotype 7 strains, including tetracycline resistance genes (tet(O), tet(M), tet(W)), macrolide/lincosamide/streptogramin resistance gene (erm(B)), aminoglycoside resistance genes (ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia), trimethoprim resistance gene (dfrF), and chloramphenicol resistance gene (cat-TC).

The study identified the horizontal transfer of antimicrobial resistance genes, including blaOXA, aph(2''')-If, aadE-Cc, and tet(O), in Campylobacter spp. from turkeys and swine, demonstrating the potential for resistance gene dissemination between different Campylobacter species and hosts.

The study identified tetracycline resistance gene tetO, fluoroquinolone resistance mutation gyrA T86I, beta-lactamase genes bla OXA-61 and bla OXA-184, and multidrug efflux pump genes cmeABC and cmeR in Campylobacter jejuni isolates from broiler production.

The study identifies tetW and mefA as highly expressed tetracycline and macrolide resistance genes in the rumen of beef cattle, highlighting their significance in the resistome of food-producing animals.

The study examined the impact of antibiotic therapies on the dynamics and composition of resistance genes in the animal gut microbiota, identifying several AMR genes such as blaTEM, tetA, strA, strB, intI1, tetM, mel, floR, mcr-2, oqx B, tetC, tetG, tetO, tetW, tetX, ermB, ermF, sul1, sul2, and others, which were experimentally validated in Escherichia coli.

The study identified resistance genes ermB, ermC, blaZ, tetM, tetO, and tetK in Streptococcus uberis isolates from sheep milk, contributing to resistance against erythromycin, penicillin, and tetracycline.

The review highlights the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria and resistance genes in the environments of animal farms in Poland and Ukraine, emphasizing the spread of multidrug-resistant strains such as MRSA and Salmonella. Key resistance genes identified include blaTEM, blaPSE, floR, tetA, tetB, tetC, tetG, cat1, dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA7, dfrA12, dfrA17, sul1, sul2, sul3, ermB, tetL, tetW, tetM, blaZ, mecA, qnrS1, qnrS3, qnrB10, qnrB19, blaCTX-M-25, and blaOXA-21.

The study identified several AMR genes in Streptococcus suis isolates from diseased pigs in Italy, including ermb, tet(O), aac6-aph2, ant6-ia, aph3-iiia, spw, tet(40), tet(W), tet(O/W/32/O), tet(W/N/N), erm(47), lnuB, lsaE, and optrA, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as erythromycin, tetracycline, gentamicin, lincomycin, and linezolid.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in foodborne pathogens isolated from dairy cattle and poultry manure amended farms in Northeastern Ohio, including mphA, aadA, aphA1, tetA, aac(3)-IV, sulII, blaTEM, tetB, strA, aac(3)-Iva, ampC, lde, ermB, tet(O), aadB, penA, blaOXA-61, aadE, and aph-3-1.

The study identified the presence of ermB, tetO, and tetM genes in Streptococcus agalactiae strains, which conferred resistance to erythromycin, clindamycin, and tetracycline, respectively. The MDR CC-17 sub-clone was associated with increased resistance rates.

The study identified quinolone resistance in Campylobacter jejuni isolates from conventional chickens, primarily due to the T86I mutation in the gyrA gene, and tetracycline resistance associated with the tet(O) gene.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Ib/CC12 Streptococcus agalactiae strains, including genes conferring resistance to macrolides, clindamycin, aminoglycosides, tetracycline, and other antibiotics.

The study identifies a multidrug-resistant (MDR) Salmonella Heidelberg outbreak linked to dairy calf exposure, highlighting the presence of plasmid-borne resistance genes such as aadA1, aph(3')-Ia, bla CMY-2, floR, fosA7, qnrB19, strA, strB, sull, sul2, tet(A), tet(B), tet(O), and a novel gene dfrA34.

The study identified tet(O) and erm(B) genes in three Streptococcus suis serotype 24 CC221/234 strains, which confer resistance to tetracycline, erythromycin, and clindamycin.

The study identified tetracycline resistance genes (tetK, tetL, tetM) and erythromycin resistance genes (ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA) in S. aureus isolates from Peninsular Malaysian animal handlers.

The study identified multiple multidrug-resistant methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) in poultry, carrying genes such as mecA, ermA, ermB, ermC, mphC, aph(3')-IIIa, ant(4')-Ia, str, tetK, tetL, tetM, tetO, cfr, dfrK, dfrD, and cat p194, which confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The review identified several AMR genes in pathogens associated with calf diarrhea and pneumonia, including beta-lactamases (blaCMY, blaCTX-M, blaTEM), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetM, tetO), aminoglycoside resistance genes (strA, strB, aadA), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2), phenicol resistance genes (cat, floR), and macrolide/lincosamide resistance genes (cfr, ermB).

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in C. difficile isolates from Mexico, including cfrE, ermB, aadE, aadA27, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, catP, blaCDD2, blaCCD1, tetM, tetO, tetB, tetA, and cdeA, along with mutations in rpoB, rpoC, fusA, and pbp2 associated with resistance to various antibiotics.