The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella isolates causing traveler's diarrhea, including blaTEM, blaOXA-1, tetA, tetB, tetG, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, dfrA17, floR, cmlA, and a mutation in the gyrA gene. These genes and mutations contribute to resistance against ampicillin, tetracycline, trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, and quinolones.

The study identified the deletion of the tetracycline-resistance operon (tetA and tetR) in E. coli K12(pB10) as the cause of tetracycline sensitivity, demonstrating that this deletion occurred through recombination between direct repeats on the plasmid.

The study describes a tetracycline-inducible gene regulation system in mycobacteria using the tetRO region from Corynebacterium glutamicum's TetZ determinant. This system allows for controlled gene expression in both fast-growing and slow-growing mycobacteria, including M. smegmatis, M. bovis BCG, and M. tuberculosis.

The study identifies numerous resistance genes in the multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain AYE, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and others, highlighting the complexity of its resistance mechanisms.

The study identified several AMR genes in Salmonella Newport isolates, including bla CMY-2, flo st, strA, strB, sulII, tetA, and aphA-1, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as extended-spectrum cephalosporins, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, sulfonamides, tetracycline, kanamycin, and neomycin.

The study identifies the spread of Escherichia coli strains with high-level resistance to cefotaxime and ceftazidime, primarily due to the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) such as CTX-M-15, CTX-M-14, and CTX-M-32. Additionally, other resistance genes like tetA, dfrA14, dfrA17, sul1, sul2, aac(6')Ib, and aac(3)IIb were found to contribute to multidrug resistance.

The study identified tetE as the predominant tetracycline resistance gene in Aeromonas veronii isolates from catfish, followed by tetB, tetA, tetC, and tetD.

The study identified tetA and tetE tetracycline resistance genes in Aeromonas strains from Brazil, demonstrating their role in plasmid and chromosomal resistance. The plasmid pSS2 was shown to carry the tetA gene and contribute to tetracycline resistance.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic and mercury resistance genes carried by an IncA/C plasmid in Atlantic Canadian isolates of Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida, including aadA7, floR, tetA, sulII, strA, strB, blaCMY-2, and a mercury resistance operon.

The study identified the bla_cmy-2 gene as a major contributor to extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg isolates, with the gene also found in E. coli isolates. The gene was located on high-molecular-weight plasmids and contributed to multidrug resistance.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in E. coli isolates from a commercial beef processing plant, including beta-lactamase genes (blaCMY, blaSHV, blaTEM), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetC), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2), and aminoglycoside resistance genes (strA, strB).

The study identified several AMR genes, including blaTEM1, tetA, tetB, tetC, sul1, and sul2, in Escherichia coli from cattle fecal deposits. These genes conferred resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, and sulfonamides.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes in Edwardsiella tarda EIB202, including tetA, tetR, strA, strB, sulII, and catA3, which confer resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, sulfonamide, and chloramphenicol.

The study identifies several antibiotic resistance genes in the enteroaggregative E. coli strain 042, including cat, tetA, aadA1, suI, and emrE, which contribute to resistance against chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin, spectinomycin, sulfonamide, and ethidium bromide.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Vibrio strains isolated from wastewater effluents, including dfrA1, dfr18, floR, sul2, strB, and tetA, which confer resistance to trimethoprim, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, and tetracycline.

The study identifies several antimicrobial resistance genes in the plasmid of the adherent-invasive E. coli strain NRG857c, including blaTEM, tetC, tetA, catI, dhfrI, sulII, and sulI, which confer resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, and sulfonamides.

The study characterizes several efflux pumps in Acinetobacter spp., including AdeABC, AdeIJK, AdeFGH, CraA, AmvA, AbeM, AbeS, AdeXYZ, AdeDE, TetA, TetB, CmlA, FloR, and QacE, which contribute to multidrug resistance by expelling antibiotics and other compounds.

The study investigates the dynamics of the tetracycline operon, focusing on the genes tetR and tetA, which encode the repressor protein TetR and the transport protein TetA, respectively. These genes are crucial for tetracycline resistance in bacteria.

The study identified tetA and tetE genes as the primary determinants of tetracycline resistance in Korean Aeromonas salmonicida isolates, along with point mutations in gyrA and parC contributing to quinolone resistance.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates from piglets with diarrhea in Korea, including bla PSE, bla TEM, cat1, cat2, floR, strA, strB, aadA, sulI, sulII, tetA, tetC, and tetG.

The study characterizes various AbaR genomic resistance islands in Acinetobacter baumannii strains of European clone I, identifying multiple AMR genes such as blaTEM-1, aacC1, aadA1, aacA4, dfrA1, catA1, sul1, and tetA, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, and tetracyclines.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations in the multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain MDR-ZJ06, including bla oxa-23, armA, and various efflux pumps, contributing to resistance against multiple antibiotics.

The study identifies the emergence of a globally dominant IncHI1 plasmid type (PST6) associated with multiple drug-resistant typhoid. Key resistance genes include blaTEM-1, cat, dfrA7, sul1, sul2, strAB, tetA, tetD, and betU, which contribute to resistance against ampicillin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin, tetracycline, and high salt environments.

The study shows that the plasmidic qnrA3 gene enhances the fitness of Escherichia coli in the absence of antibiotic exposure, indicating a potential regulatory role of qnr genes beyond direct antibiotic resistance.

The study identified various genomic islands (GIs) in enterobacteria, including those carrying antibiotic resistance genes such as beta-lactamase (bla), tetracycline efflux protein (tet), and mercury resistance operon (mer). These GIs were found to be horizontally transferred and contributed to the virulence and resistance profiles of the strains analyzed.

The study characterizes the resistance genes dfr16, sul1, and tetA in the pRAS1 plasmid of Aeromonas hydrophila, showing their role in resistance to trimethoprim, sulfonamide, and tetracycline, respectively.

The study characterizes the tetA gene, which encodes a membrane-targeted antiporter protein responsible for tetracycline efflux in Escherichia coli, demonstrating its role in tetracycline resistance through experimental validation.

The study identified the presence of tetA and tetB genes in food-borne Bacillus cereus isolates, indicating plasmid-mediated tetracycline resistance and potential horizontal gene transfer.

The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes in Salmonella plasmids, including beta-lactamases (bla CTX, bla CMY, bla TEM), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA1, aadA2, strA, strB), tetracycline resistance gene (tetA), chloramphenicol resistance gene (cmlA), sulfonamide resistance gene (sul2), and genes conferring resistance to heavy metals and disinfectants (sugE, arsR, cusR, silE, qacH).

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in soil bacteria that are identical to those found in human pathogens, highlighting the exchange of resistance genes between environmental and clinical microbes.

The study presents a microarray-based serogenotyping assay for Salmonella, demonstrating high correlation between genotypic and phenotypic characteristics. Several AMR genes were identified and validated, showing strong association with AMR phenotypes.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes in the multidrug-resistant plasmid pR148 from Aeromonas hydrophila, including blaOXA-10, aadA1, sul1, catA2, and tetA, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, chloramphenicol, and tetracyclines, respectively.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in plasmids from multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Heidelberg isolates, including bla CMY, aadA, aadB, aphA, strA, strB, sul1, sul2, tetA, floR, cmlA, dfrA1, dfrA12, and aacC.

The study identified the blaCTX-M-15 gene, aadA1, tetA, and dfrA1 as resistance determinants in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli strains during an outbreak. Additionally, quinolone resistance mutations in gyrA (S83L, D87N) and parC (S80I, E84V) were detected.

The study describes a method to alter the selectable marker of cloning vectors by inserting different resistance genes, allowing the replacement of ampicillin resistance with tetracycline or kanamycin resistance.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including aadA1, floR, dfrA14, sulI, and tetA, in Salmonella enterica serovars Enteritidis and Infantis from broilers in Iran. These genes were associated with resistance to streptomycin, florfenicol, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline, respectively. Additionally, a single mutation in the gyrA gene was found to confer resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin.

The study identified bla CTX-M-15 and bla SHV-12 as the predominant ESBL genes in multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates in Antananarivo, along with other resistance genes such as aac(6')-Ib, tetA, sul1, sul2, qnrA, qnrB, and catB-3.

The study identifies the blaNDM-1 gene on plasmid pKPX-1 as a key factor in carbapenem resistance in a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate. It also characterizes additional resistance genes such as aac(6')-Ib, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aph(3')-I, strB, qnrB, tetA, catA1, and catB4, which contribute to resistance against aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol.

The study developed a DNA microarray for genotyping antibiotic resistance determinants in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates, identifying numerous resistance genes and mutations associated with carbapenem, aminoglycoside, fluoroquinolone, and other antibiotic resistances.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Achromobacter xylosoxidans NH44784-1996, including beta-lactamases, tetracycline efflux proteins, and macrolide resistance genes, indicating its resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified several AMR genes, including aadA, sul1, sul2, tetA, blaTEM-1, and qacEAI, associated with resistance to streptomycin, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, tetracycline, ampicillin, and quaternary ammonium compounds, respectively. A mutation in the gyrA gene (Ser83Phe) was linked to resistance to nalidixic acid and enrofloxacin.

The study identified the tetracycline resistance gene tetA in two Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates, EW32 and EW33, which exhibited resistance to tetracycline. The gene was found on conjugative plasmids, highlighting the role of plasmids in the spread of antibiotic resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica serotype Heidelberg isolates, including bla, aac(6')-Ib, tet(M), qnrS1, and erm(B). Mutations in genes such as SEEHRA37_03221, SEEHRA37_24108, and others were associated with resistance traits.

The study identified multiple AMR genes including blaTEM, floR, tetA, strA, and aac(6')-Ib-cr in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovars Indiana and Enteritidis from chickens in Eastern China.

The study identifies several tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetC, and tetG) in activated sludge exposed to tetracycline, highlighting their increased abundance and diversity under tetracycline stress. It also reveals the presence of novel tetracycline-resistant bacteria genera.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli isolates from diarrheic calves in Iran, including aadA1, sul1, aac[3]-IV, dfrA1, tetA, and tetB, which confer resistance to streptomycin, sulfonamide, gentamicin, trimethoprim, and tetracycline.

The study identified several AMR genes in Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A, including blaTEM-1, catA, sul1, sul2, dfrA15, aadA1, strA, strB, and intI1, which contribute to resistance against various antibiotics such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, co-trimoxazole, streptomycin, and others.

The study identified the presence of antibiotic resistance genes aadA, tetA, and bla in E. coli isolates from the Kat River and Fort Beaufort abstraction water, indicating resistance to streptomycin, tetracycline, and beta-lactam antibiotics.

The study identifies the presence of class 1 integrons and bla CTX-M-15 genes in commensal E. coli isolates from healthy individuals in Chandigarh, India. It also detects several gene cassettes conferring resistance to trimethoprim, streptomycin, spectinomycin, streptothricin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and sulfonamides.

The study identified various tetracycline, sulfonamide, and beta-lactam resistance genes in goat and lamb slaughterhouse surfaces and meat products, highlighting the prevalence of tet genes and their potential role in the spread of antibiotic resistance.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in commensal E. coli from dairy and beef cattle, including blaTEM, blaSHV, aadA1, tetA, tetB, and tetC. These genes conferred resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, and tetracycline. Dairy cattle isolates showed higher resistance rates compared to beef cattle.

The study reports the identification of blaNDM-5 along with multiple other antibiotic resistance genes in a multidrug-resistant E. coli isolate, highlighting the complex resistance profile of the strain.

The study identified bla CTX-M-15, aac (3)-IIa, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, qnrB4, qnrS1, aac (6')-Ib-cr, bla OXA-1, bla TEM-1B, bla SHV-12, bla CMY-42, bla DHA-1, mphA, ermB, catA1, catB3, sul1, sul2, dfrA12, dfrA17, dfrA1, dfrA5, tetA, tetB, and tetD as key AMR genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates in Nepal, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance.

The study identified blaCTX-M-1, qnrB1, tetA, tetB, sul1, sul2, and sul3 genes in avian ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from Tunisia, highlighting their role in resistance to beta-lactams, quinolones, and sulfonamides.

The study reports the complete genome sequence of ER2796, a DNA methyltransferase-deficient strain of Escherichia coli K-12. The strain lacks native DNA methylation due to the inactivation of three endogenous methyltransferases (dam, dcm, and hsdM). Additionally, the yhdJ gene was permanently inactivated in the derivative strain ER3413.

The study characterizes various antibiotic resistance genes (ARG) in Aeromonas strains, highlighting the presence of beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, tetracycline resistance genes, and others. These genes are often located on plasmids and contribute to multidrug resistance.

The study characterizes three qnrS1-harbouring multidrug-resistance plasmids and identifies qnrS1-containing transposons circulating in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. It reveals that qnrS1 is part of a transposon structure that includes additional resistance genes such as blaLAP-2, aacC3, sulII, tetR, tetA, and blaCTX-M-14.

The study identifies tetA, tetB, intl1, and qnrB as genes associated with antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli, highlighting their roles in tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim, and quinolone resistance.

The study reports the draft genome sequence of an E. coli strain carrying 12 acquired antibiotic resistance genes, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside modifying enzymes, sulfonamide resistance, trimethoprim resistance, tetracycline resistance, and streptothricin resistance.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 isolates from dairy cattle farms in South Africa, including blaampC, blacmy, blactxm, blatem, tetA, and strA.

The study identified two types of plasmids harboring qnr genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from municipal wastewater biosolids. One plasmid, pKPSH-11XL, was a large multidrug-resistant IncF plasmid containing qnrB, beta-lactamase genes, tetracycline resistance genes, aminoglycoside resistance genes, and chloramphenicol resistance genes. Another group of smaller plasmids contained qnrS and other resistance genes.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from wastewater effluents, including strA, aadA, catI, cmlA1, blaTEM, and various tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, tetK, tetM). These genes conferred resistance to multiple antibiotics such as streptomycin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, and tetracycline.

The study identified blaOXA-23 and blaAmpC genes contributing to carbapenem and extended-spectrum cephalosporin resistance, and mutations in pmrA, pmrB, lpxD, lpxC, and lpsB genes linked to polymyxin resistance in A. baumannii AC30.

The study shows that sub-inhibitory levels of tetracyclines can potentiate selection for or against tetracycline resistance in the presence of various stresses. It highlights the role of the TetA efflux pump in mediating tetracycline resistance and how environmental factors influence the selective pressure on antibiotic resistance.

The study characterizes the tetracycline resistance genes tetA and tetR in Escherichia coli, demonstrating their expression is regulated by tetracycline concentration and growth phase.

The paper discusses the role of multidrug efflux pumps in microaerobic and anaerobic bacteria, highlighting their importance in antibiotic resistance. Several efflux systems were identified and characterized, including CmeABC, CmeDEF, CmeG, NhaA1/NhaA2, HefABC, HefDEF, HefGHI, NorB, BmeABC1-16, BexA, MdtEF, CusCBA, AcrAB, TolC, TetA, XepCAB, and bcRABD, each contributing to resistance against various antibiotics.

The study characterizes the tetracycline resistance gene tetA, which is stochastically expressed in E. coli populations, leading to resistance emergence under fluctuating antibiotic stress.

The study identified the presence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes in Salmonella isolates from commercial chickens and human clinical samples in South Africa and Brazil. Key resistance genes included pse-1 (ampicillin), ant (3")-la (gentamicin), tet A and tet B (tetracycline), and sul 1 and sul 2 (sulfamethoxazole).

The study identified 65 unique resistance genes in nontyphoidal Salmonella, including bla CTX-M1 and bla SHV2a, which were first reported in retail meat isolates in the United States. The research highlights the effectiveness of whole-genome sequencing in detecting antimicrobial resistance genes and correlating them with phenotypic resistance.

The study presents a real-time analysis framework for MinION sequencing data, demonstrating the ability to identify pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes within a few hours of sequencing. Key resistance genes identified include blaSHV, mphA, strA, strB, blaTEM, sul2, blaOXA, aac3, aac6, blaCMY, blaCFE, blaLAT, blaBIL, QnrB, aadA, oqxA, tetA, oqxB, rmtC, sul1, sul3, fosA, blaNDM, oqxA, blaSHV, oqxB, aadB, sul1, sul3, blaOXA, blaOKP, fosA, blaSHV, blaOKP, blaLEN, oqxA, and oqxB.

The study identifies antibiotic resistance genes and genomic islands in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, highlighting the role of horizontal gene transfer in the acquisition of multidrug resistance and fitness-related genes.

The study identified several AMR genes in Gram-negative bacteria from fresh produce, including mcr-1, qnrA1, blaGES-11, mphA, and oqxAB, highlighting the presence of mobile genetic elements and clinically relevant resistance genes.

The study found that menthol supplementation in feedlot cattle diets increased the prevalence of tetracycline-resistant E. coli isolates. Specifically, 56.9% of isolates from the menthol group were resistant to tetracycline compared to 32.7% in the control group. The study also identified the presence of tetA and tetB genes in the resistant isolates.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli isolates from healthy pet cats, including tetB, tetA, aadA, sulI, qnrS, and dhfrV, with varying prevalence rates. These genes were associated with resistance to tetracycline, aminoglycosides, sulfonamides, fluoroquinolones, and trimethoprim.

The study identified various AMR genes in Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from chicken farms in Egypt, including blaTEM, aadA2, floR, cat1, sul1, sul3, tetC, tetA, and intI, which confer resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline, and multiple antibiotics.

The study identifies specific outer membrane protein patterns associated with antibiotic resistance in Edwardsiella tarda, highlighting the role of plasmid-encoded genes such as tetA, tetR, and catA in mediating resistance to tetracycline and chloramphenicol.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations associated with multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in the UK and Ireland, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes, tetracycline efflux pumps, and mutations in gyrB contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica isolates from Saudi Arabia, including carb-like, dfrA1, floR, tetA, and mutations in gyrA and parC genes associated with resistance to beta-lactams, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolones.

The study demonstrates the use of C(60)-ToF-SIMS for visualizing the subcellular localization of antibiotics in single E. coli cells, showing that tetracycline (TET) and ampicillin (AMP) accumulate within the cells. The presence of the tetracycline resistance gene tetA was shown to significantly reduce TET accumulation in E. coli.

The study identifies several AMR genes in ST95 E. coli strains, including blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M14, aadA1, aadA2, aadA5, aac3, strA, strB, tetA, tetB, tetD, sul1, sul2, dfrA5, dfrA12, dfrA17, mphA, and catA1, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, cephalothin, streptomycin, tetracycline, sulfamethoxazole, trimethoprim, azithromycin, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified various AMR genes including dfrA1, dfrA7, dfrA12, aadA1, aadA2, sul1, tetA, aacC1, TEM, SHV, CTX-M, OXA, NDM-1, IMP, VIM, ACT, DHA, and CMY in E. coli isolates from children in Delhi, India. These genes were associated with resistance to multiple antibiotics such as trimethoprim, streptomycin, sulfonamides, tetracycline, gentamicin, and various beta-lactams.

The study identified blaCTX-M, blaTEM, tetA, and tetB genes in Gram-negative bacteria isolated from subclinical mastitis in cattle in West Bengal, indicating the presence of antibiotic resistance mechanisms.

The study identified tetracycline resistance genes (tetA-C, tetE, tetG, and tetH) in viromes and microbiomes of the Lambro River, demonstrating their mobilization in response to tetracycline exposure.

The study characterizes the genome of Arcobacter thereius, identifying metabolic pathways and potential antibiotic resistance mechanisms. No specific AMR genes were experimentally validated in this study.

The study characterizes the genome of Arcobacter thereius, identifying metabolic pathways and potential antibiotic resistance mechanisms. No specific AMR genes were experimentally validated in this study.

The study characterized a large antibiotic resistance plasmid, pB171_90, from EPEC strain B171, identifying several AMR genes including aadA1, sul1, tetA, tetR, qacE Δ 1, csi, hha, and traI.

The study identifies the tetracycline resistance gene tetA in E. coli APEC_O2 and demonstrates that sertraline enhances the efficacy of tetracycline by reducing its MIC, suggesting a synergistic effect independent of AcrAB-TolC efflux pump inhibition.

The study identified various antibiotic resistance genes, including bla CTX-M-15, aac(6')-Ib, bla OXA-1, bla TEM-1, dfrA, mphA, sul1, and tetA, in E. coli isolates, highlighting the multidrug-resistant nature of ST131 and the presence of distinct plasmid profiles contributing to resistance.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes on IncA/C plasmids from various Salmonella serovars, including bla_cmy-2, bla_tem-1, strA, strB, aadB, aph(3')-Ia, tetA, floR, cmlA, sul1, sul2, dfra12, quacE, sugE, merA, merB, merC, merD, and merE, which contribute to multidrug resistance.

Four multidrug resistance plasmids were captured from the sediments of an urban coastal wetland. These plasmids carried various resistance genes, including beta-lactamases, tetracycline resistance genes, sulfonamide resistance genes, and others, conferring resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The paper presents ARIBA, a tool for identifying antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations from sequencing data. It evaluates the performance of ARIBA on three datasets, demonstrating its accuracy and efficiency in detecting resistance genes and mutations in Enterococcus faecium, Shigella sonnei, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in marine fish isolates, including blaTEM, Class I integron, tetA, aph(3')-IIIa, ermB, aadA, and sul1, indicating a potential risk of antibiotic resistance transmission to humans through the food chain.

The study identified 17 antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in 103 class 1 integron-positive Escherichia coli strains from porcine feces, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant commensal E. coli in pigs and their potential role in the dissemination of resistance genes.

The study identifies three new plasmids, pAsa10, pAsaXI, and pAsaXII, in Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida. pAsa10 carries the tetracycline resistance gene tetA, pAsaXI contains a transposon with a potential virulence factor, and pAsaXII includes a formaldehyde detoxification system. These plasmids demonstrate the role of cryptic plasmids in genetic innovation and resistance mechanisms.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from Ugandan poultry farms, including blaTEM-1, cmlA, qnrS, tetA, sul1, dhfrI, and dhfrVII, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, sulfonamide, and trimethoprim.

The IncHI2 plasmid pSTM6-275 from Salmonella enterica carries multiple antibiotic and heavy-metal resistance genes, including blaTEM, strA, strB, sul3, aadA1, aadA2, cmlA, aphA2, tetA, mejB, silESRCFBAGP, and pcoGE1ABCDRSE2, which confer resistance to various antibiotics and metals. The plasmid exhibits temperature-dependent resistance to silver and copper, highlighting its adaptability under changing physiological conditions.

The study identifies CTX-M-15-harboring Escherichia coli in wild birds in Tunisia, highlighting the presence of multidrug resistance genes such as bla CTX-M-15, bla TEM-1b, tetA, qnrA1, qnrB1, aac(6')-Ib-cr, aac(3)-II, and sul3.

The study identifies a mutation in the tetA gene (S251A) as the mechanism of tigecycline resistance in bla(KPC-2) harboring Klebsiella pneumoniae, demonstrating that this mutation leads to high-level tigecycline resistance and can be transferred via a plasmid.

The study identified tetA and tetB genes as contributors to tetracycline resistance in Shigella isolates, with tetA being prevalent in S. sonnei and tetB in S. flexneri. Efflux pump inhibitors like CCCP reduced MIC values, indicating the involvement of efflux mechanisms in resistance.

The study identified AMR genes aadA2, sul1, and tetA in Salmonella enterica serovar Derby strains, with a multidrug-resistant profile STR-SSS-TET in certain lineages.

The study identifies several known and novel resistance genes in wastewater-derived E. coli, highlighting the high genomic diversity and the presence of genes associated with resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identifies and characterizes several AMR genes in E. coli, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM-1, blaOXA-1, blaCMY-2, ampC), aminoglycoside modifying enzymes (aac(3')-Ia, aac(3')-VI), dihydrofolate reductases (dfrA1, dfrA5, dfrA12, dfrA15), quinolone resistance proteins (qnrB2, qnrB6, qnrS2), and others. These genes were validated through computational and wet lab methods, showing their roles in conferring resistance to various antibiotics.

The study reports the draft genome of a multidrug-resistant Corynebacterium striatum isolate, identifying several resistance genes including tetA, tetB, vanW, ermX, aph(3')-Ia, strA-strB, bla, and cmx, along with a mutation in the gyrA gene contributing to quinolone resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes, including aminoglycoside resistance genes (ksgA, strA, strB), beta-lactam resistance genes (blaCARB-4, blaCMY-1, blaCMY-2, blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-12, blaDHA-1, blaOXA-1, blaSHV-1, blaSHV-37, blaSHV-3, blaTEM-1A, blaTEM-1B), and tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetC, tetK, tetL), that were enriched in the gut microbiota of healthy adults following amoxicillin-clavulanic acid treatment.

The study identifies tetracycline resistance gene tetA and sulfonamide resistance gene sul2 in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, demonstrating their role in antibiotic resistance under environmental pressure.

The study identifies several AMR genes, including floR, fexA, and various tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetE, tetH, tetL, tetM, tet34, tet35), associated with resistance to florfenicol and oxytetracycline in gut bacteria from salmon farms. These genes were found in multiple bacterial species, highlighting the widespread nature of AMR in aquatic environments.

The study reports a fatal case of bacteremia caused by a hypermucoviscous KPC-2 producing extensively drug-resistant K64-ST11 Klebsiella pneumoniae. The isolate harbored multiple AMR genes including blaKPC-2, blaSHV-11, qnrS1, oqxA, oqxB, sul1, sul2, dfrA1, tetA, tetD, and fosA, contributing to its extensive drug resistance.

The study presents a machine learning model capable of predicting antimicrobial MICs for nontyphoidal Salmonella using whole-genome sequence data, identifying key genomic features associated with resistance.

The study reports the draft genome sequence of a tigecycline-resistant Enterobacter cloacae ST93 clinical isolate, TREC1, which harbors multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including those encoding resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, fosfomycin, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramin B, phenicols, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, and tetracyclines. The isolate is resistant to all antibiotics tested except colistin.

The study identifies multidrug-resistant hybrid pathotype Shiga toxin-producing E. coli O80 strains belonging to clonal complex 165, which harbor a mosaic plasmid with genes conferring resistance to multiple antibiotics, including beta-lactams, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, trimethoprim, kanamycin, streptomycin, and colistin.

The study identified multidrug-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in the Choqueyapu River, including E. coli and Enterobacter cloacae carrying bla CTX-M, bla KPC, bla NDM, bla VIM, and bla OXA-48 genes, highlighting the environmental spread of antibiotic resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in E. coli isolates from healthy chicken farms in Senegal, including bla CTX-M, bla CMY-2, tetA, dfrA1, dfrA7, aadA1, qnrB, and bla TEM, as well as mutations in gyrA and parC genes contributing to ciprofloxacin resistance.

The study reports the draft genome sequence of Enterococcus faecalis 24FS, highlighting its multiple-antibiotic resistance traits, including resistance to chloramphenicol, tetracycline, erythromycin, aminoglycosides, fluoroquinolones, trimethoprim, streptothricin, and streptomycin, along with potential virulence factors.

The study identifies multiple multidrug resistance plasmids in Salmonella Pullorum, including pSPUR1, pSPUR2, pSPUR3, pSPUR4, and pSPUR5, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as trimethoprim, streptomycin, sulfonamide, and tetracycline.

The study characterizes the antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in the emerging Klebsiella pneumoniae ST101 lineage, highlighting the presence of multiple resistance mechanisms including carbapenemases, extended-spectrum beta-lactamases, and various other resistance genes.

The study identifies specific AMR genes in Staphylococcus aureus strains associated with poor wound healing outcomes, including blaRIZ, ant1, tetA, and ermA, highlighting their role in antibiotic resistance and implications for therapeutic strategies.

The study identifies the multidrug resistance plasmid pNV-Y394 in Shigella flexneri serotype 1c strain Y394, which carries the genes sul2, strA-strB, and tetA, conferring resistance to sulfonamide, streptomycin, and tetracycline, respectively.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin isolates from Canada, highlighting the role of IS 26 in plasmid hybridization and the emergence of MDR strains.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in Arcobacter butzleri strains isolated from shellfish, including genes conferring resistance to beta-lactams, polymyxin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, and macrolides.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes including ermA, ermB, ermC, mphC, vanA, vanB, tetA, and tetM in Enterococcus species isolated from ready-to-eat seafood, indicating the presence of multidrug-resistant strains.

The study developed and validated 85 PCR assays to detect 79 AMR genes and mutations associated with resistance across 10 antimicrobial classes, focusing on E. coli. The assays showed high concordance with sequencing and phenotypic susceptibility testing, demonstrating their potential for AMR surveillance in E. coli isolates and direct stool specimens.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky ST198, including genes such as blaTEM-1, aacA4, aadA1, sul1, tetA, catA1, mph(A), blaCTX-M-1, blaOXA-48, blaNDM-1, blaCMY-2, and dfrA12, along with mutations in gyrA and parC that confer resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from broiler chickens in Jordan, including tetA, tetB, int1, sul1, sul2, blaTEM, and cat. These genes were associated with resistance to various antibiotics such as tetracycline, sulfonamides, beta-lactams, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in commensal Escherichia coli isolates from children and domestic animals in a semirural community in Ecuador. These genes included blaTEM-1B, dfrA8, qnrB19, strA, strB, tetA, tetB, sul1, sul2, and others, contributing to resistance against multiple antibiotics such as ampicillin, trimethoprim, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole. The research highlights the role of plasmids in disseminating these AMR genes and emphasizes the complexity of AMR transmission in such environments.

The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Edwardsiella piscicida, including tetA, tetR, strA, strB, sulII, and catA3, which confer resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, sulfonamides, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, including aadA, strAB, blaTEM, blaCARB, floR, cmlA1, catA1, qnrB19, sul1, sul2, sul3, dfrA1, dfrA12, dfrA14, tetA, tetB, tetC, tetG, and mutations in gyrA. These genes and mutations were validated through whole genome sequencing and phenotypic ASTs.

The study identified multiple multidrug-resistant commensal E. coli isolates in feedlot lambs in Brazil, carrying various AMR genes including bla CTX-M-2, bla CTX-M-8, bla CTX-M-14, bla CTX-M-15, bla CMY-2, aac(3)-IIa, ant(2")-Ia, qnrB, tetA, tetB, sul1, sul2, floR, and cmlA. These genes confer resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, quinolones, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, and phenicols.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Salmonella enterica strains, including blaTEM-1, aph(3')-I, aph(6')-ld, dfrA5, tetA, and various arsenic resistance genes. A mutation in gyrA was also found to confer nalidixic acid resistance.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates, including bla KPC, bla CTX-M, bla TEM, and mutations in ompk35, ompk36, gyrA, and parC. These findings highlight the complex resistance mechanisms contributing to the persistence of MDR-Kp in the hospital setting.

The study identified several AMR genes, including blaTEM, strA, tetA, floR, and aac(6')-Ib-cr, in the multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Indiana strain MHYL. These genes were localized in two distinct MDR regions, RR1 and RR2, and were associated with resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in E. coli ST131 isolates from a patient with recurrent UTIs, including plasmid-borne resistance genes and chromosomal mutations contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study identified bla CTX-M, bla TEM, and bla SHV as the primary ESBL genes in ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from healthy humans and swine in Northern Thailand. Additionally, several other AMR genes such as sul1, sul2, sul3, aadA22, aph(3')-Ia, strA, strB, aadA2, aadA5, qnrS1, tetA, tetB, tetD, arr2, and mefB were characterized.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in non-O157 E. coli isolates from cattle fecal samples, including tetA, tetB, blaTEM-1, aadA1, and catA1, which were associated with resistance to tetracycline, ampicillin, streptomycin, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified several tetracycline, macrolide, aminoglycoside, beta-lactam, sulfonamide, mercury, and biocide resistance genes in beef feedlots, catch basin water, soil, and urban sewage influent. Tetracycline resistance was predominant in beef production systems, while urban sewage influent showed a diverse resistome with resistance to multiple antimicrobial classes.

The study identifies various beta-lactamase genes, including bla CTX-M-98, bla CTX-M-27, bla OXA-1, and bla TEM-1, which confer resistance to multiple antibiotics in uropathogens. These genes were functionally characterized through whole-genome sequencing and antibiotic susceptibility testing.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in E. coli isolates from patients with diarrhea, including dfrA1, sul1, citm, tetA, and qnr, which contribute to resistance against trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin, respectively.

The study identified multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates carrying blaTEM, tetA, and Sul2 genes, which confer resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, and sulfomethoxazole-trimethoprim, respectively.

The study identified various AMR genes in Salmonella serovars isolated from swine, including beta-lactamases (bla TEM-1, bla CMY-2, bla CARB-2), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetC, tetG), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aadA2, strA, strB), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), florfenicol resistance gene (floR), and dihydrofolate reductase genes (dfrA1, dfrA7, dfrA12, dfrA16), as well as erythromycin esterase (ereA).

The study identified multiple resistance genes, including aadA1, sul1, tetA, and dfrA14, carried on a pESI-like plasmid in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis strains.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes (ARGs) in the gut of young children in urban Maputo, Mozambique, including aadA1, SHV, ermA, ermB, mefA, tetA, tetB, and others, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, macrolides, tetracyclines, and fluoroquinolones.

The study identified the expansion of tetracycline and sulfonamide resistance genes, particularly tetC and sul1, under long-term exposure to tetracycline and sulfamethoxazole in wastewater treatment systems.

The study identified multiple multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates from livestock in South Africa, highlighting the presence of resistance genes such as blaTEM-1, blaCMY-2, tetA, tetC, sul2, and dfrA7.

The study characterizes a novel conjugative plasmid, pEPMS-18199, in Edwardsiella piscicida strain MS-18-199, which carries multiple antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes including floR, tetA, tetR, sul2, strA, strB, arsA, and arsD, conferring resistance to phenicol, tetracycline, sulfonamide, and aminoglycoside antibiotics, as well as arsenic.

The study identifies several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and zinc tolerance genes in commensal Escherichia coli from weaned pigs, highlighting the impact of high-dose zinc oxide diets on selecting for resistant strains.

The study identifies a large self-transmissible plasmid pMB2 from Nigeria containing multiple resistance genes, including aac(6')-Ib-cr, blaCTX-M-15, tetA, and sitABCD, which contributes to antimicrobial resistance and provides a growth advantage under iron-limited conditions.

The study identifies several AMR genes, including tetA, tetB, Mel, TolC, and mdtP, which are associated with resistance to tetracyclines and macrolides, and are influenced by drug use in the gut microbiota.

The study identified several AMR genes in APEC isolates, including beta-lactamases (bla TEM-1, bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-15), aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (aac(3)-II), plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes (qnrA, qnrS), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul2), and chloramphenicol resistance genes (catA1, cmlA).

The study identified mcr-1 as the primary cause of colistin resistance in E. coli isolates from broiler chickens in Tai'an, China, with high prevalence of multidrug resistance involving genes like bla TEM, bla CTX-M, aphA3, tetA, tetB, tetC, sul1, and sul2.

The study identified qnrS1, qnrS2, and qnrS13 genes as plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in E. coli isolates from a commercial layer farm. Additionally, blaTEM, aadA, tetA, and dfrA1 genes were found to confer resistance to ampicillin, dihydrostreptomycin, oxytetracycline, and trimethoprim, respectively.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance (AR) determinants in dairy products and processing environments, including genes conferring resistance to beta-lactams, tetracyclines, glycopeptides, macrolides, and streptogramins. Notably, Lactococcus lactis was found to be a significant reservoir of multidrug-resistant genes.

The study identifies negative epistasis between the tetracycline efflux pump TetA and mutations in the nuo genes, which affects aminoglycoside resistance. It also characterizes the roles of various antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) such as blaTEM-219, floR, qnrS1, and tetA in resistance to different antibiotics.

The study identified multiple drug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from a pediatric cancer hospital in Egypt, highlighting the prevalence of various antimicrobial resistance genes such as TEM-220, NDM-11, aph(6)-Id, sul2, and others, indicating a significant threat to immunocompromised patients.

The study identified multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates from broiler farms in Bangladesh, carrying resistance genes tetA, floR, blaTEM-1, aadA1, and class 1 integron gene intl1.

The review highlights the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in farm animals in Brazil, particularly in Salmonella, E. coli, and Campylobacter. Key resistance genes identified include blaCTX-M-2 and blaTEM-1, which confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics.

The study identified antibiotic-resistant bacteria from houseflies, including S. aureus, Salmonella spp., and E. coli, carrying resistance genes mecA, tetA, tetB, and mcr-3.

The study identified the mcr-1.1 gene in five porcine E. coli isolates, which confers resistance to colistin. The gene was found on various plasmids, including IncF, IncX4, and IncHI2, highlighting the role of mobile genetic elements in the spread of colistin resistance.

The study evaluated the performance of various bioinformatics tools for predicting antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and serotypes of Salmonella enterica using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). It identified several AMR genes and mutations associated with resistance to various antibiotics.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from retail foods in northern Xinjiang, China, including tetA, tetB, blaOXA, blaTEM, floR, sul1, sul2, aadAla, aadB, strA, and strB. These genes conferred resistance to tetracycline, beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, and streptomycin.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in Escherichia coli isolates from retail foods in northern Xinjiang, China, including tetA, tetB, blaOXA, blaTEM, floR, sul1, sul2, aadAla, aadB, strA, and strB. These genes conferred resistance to tetracycline, beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, sulfonamides, and streptomycin.

The study demonstrates that targeted mutagenesis using the EDGE system can lead to the evolution of resistance to tigecycline through a point mutation in the tetA gene, specifically I235V.

The study identified the co-occurrence of mcr-1, mcr-3, mcr-7.1, and various clinically relevant antimicrobial resistance genes in environmental and fecal samples from a Brazilian zoo, highlighting the potential reservoir of these genes in zoological environments.

The study identified various AMR genes and mutations in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from pregnant women in low-income countries, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant strains and the role of environmental factors in their carriage.

Non-antibiotic pharmaceuticals enhance the transformation frequency of exogenous antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in Acinetobacter baylyi, particularly those encoding resistance to ampicillin (blaTEM-1) and tetracycline (tetA).

The study identifies several AMR genes, including blaNDM-5, mcr-1, tetA, mdfA, oqxAB, arr-2, aph(4), aac(3)-IV, and fosA3, which are associated with resistance to various antibiotics. These genes were found in a multidrug-resistant E. coli isolate and were shown to be targeted by the antibiotic adjuvant SLAP-S25, enhancing the efficacy of antibiotics against MDR Gram-negative pathogens.

The study identified several AMR genes in E. coli isolates from meat in South Africa, including aadA, strA, aph(3)-Ia, aph(3)-IIa, aac(3)-IIa, blaTEM, blaZ, ampC, cat1, cat2, cmlA1, sul1, sul2, tetA, tetB, tetC, tetD, and tetM, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as streptomycin, kanamycin, neomycin, gentamicin, amoxicillin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, and tetracycline.