The study identified tetW and tetA(33) as the primary tetracycline resistance genes in Trueperella pyogenes isolates from livestock and European bison. tetW was the most prevalent, with four variants (tetW-1, tetW-2, tetW-3, tetW-4) and was linked to transposons ATE-1 and ATE-2. tetA(33) was less common but also contributed to resistance.