The study identified several mutations in the rrs, eis, whiB7, tlyA, and gyrA genes associated with resistance to kanamycin, capreomycin, and ofloxacin in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from western and northern India.

The study identified several novel resistance mechanisms in Mycobacterium tuberculosis through genome-wide association studies, including new genes and mutations associated with resistance to various antimicrobials such as ethambutol, isoniazid, amikacin, kanamycin, ethionamide, levofloxacin, rifabutin, clofazimine, delamanid, and linezolid.

The study identified multiple AMR genes and mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis strains from Mato Grosso, Brazil, including resistance to pyrazinamide, isoniazid, rifampicin, streptomycin, ethambutol, ethionamide, fluoroquinolones, kanamycin, capreomycin, paraminosalicylic acid, cycloserine, bedaquiline, linezolid, and delamanid.

The study identifies several drug targets (DTs) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis XDR1219 using hyperbolic mapping of the protein interaction network. Key DTs include rpsA, rpsL, embB, embA, fbiC, fbiB, rpoB, dnaK, rpoA, rpoC, rpoZ, ddl, alr, pbpB, rplD, rplC, rmlC, Isr2, tlyA, pknB, dprE1, fas, accD1, accE5, Rv0200, galE3, pks5, msl3, phoP, dacB2, pknI, echA19, ltp3, and Rv3520c, which are involved in various metabolic pathways and are targeted by different antibiotics.

The study identifies tlyA mutations (Gly232Asp and Trp120fs) and eis promoter variant (c.−14c>t) as key contributors to capreomycin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Additional mutations in rpmA (Gln19Arg) and mmaA2 (Ala48Val) are linked to cross-resistance.