The paper discusses molecular detection methods for antimicrobial resistance, focusing on genes like mecA and blaZ, which confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in staphylococci.

Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) were found in wild mammals, specifically woodmice and badgers, with the vanA gene being responsible for vancomycin resistance.

The study reports the first characterization of a cluster of VanA-type glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium in Colombia, highlighting the presence of the vanA gene responsible for high-level resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin.

The study identified the presence of Tn1546 (vanA) responsible for high-level vancomycin resistance and Tn5281 carrying aac(6')-Ib, conferring high-level aminoglycoside resistance in a vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolate from a canine urinary tract infection.

The study identifies the VanA-type Enterococcus faecalis as the predominant clonal lineage in vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE) isolated in New Zealand, highlighting the presence of vanA, ermB, and tet(M) genes associated with glycopeptide, macrolide, and tetracycline resistance, respectively.

The study investigated the impact of glycopeptide resistance genes vanA and vanB on the virulence of Enterococcus faecalis in a rat peritonitis model. Both vanA and vanB conferred resistance to vancomycin.

The study identified a vanA-carrying pheromone response plasmid (pBRG1) in a clinical isolate of Enterococcus faecium, which confers high-level resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin.

The study identifies vanA and Tn1546 as responsible for vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium, highlighting their role in the dissemination of resistance through conjugative plasmids.

The study identifies the vanA gene located on plasmid pAM830, which confers vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis and suggests potential transfer to Staphylococcus aureus.

The study identifies the vanA gene as the predominant determinant of vancomycin resistance among Enterococcus isolates from poultry and swine in Costa Rica, highlighting its widespread presence and association with high-level resistance.

The study reports the second VRSA isolate in the United States, which contains the vanA gene responsible for vancomycin resistance and other resistance genes such as mecA, erm(A), and aac(6')-aph(2").

The study identifies the presence of vanA, a gene responsible for vancomycin resistance, in various environmental isolates of enterococci, highlighting the widespread occurrence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in different ecological niches.

Three new enterococcal species were characterized, with one (Enterococcus sp. nov. CDC PNS-E2) harboring the vanA gene, which confers vancomycin resistance.

The study reports the first isolation of high-level vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis in Serbia, which exhibited resistance to vancomycin, teicoplanin, gentamicin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin, and carried the vanA gene.

The study identified a plasmid-mediated vanA element associated with glycopeptide-resistant Enterococcus faecium on Norwegian poultry farms, highlighting the persistence of resistance despite the ban on avoparcin.

The study identified the vanA gene as the primary cause of vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium isolates from patients with bacteremia in a hematology unit.

The study identified the vanA gene as the primary determinant of vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium isolates from poultry and pig farms in England and Wales.

The study presents a multiplex molecular beacon platform for the rapid detection of methicillin (mecA) and vancomycin (vanA) resistance genes, as well as the lukF gene encoding the Panton-Valentine leucocidin in Staphylococcus aureus.

The study identified the vanA gene as a key factor in vancomycin resistance among enterococci in Europe, highlighting its prevalence in animal and human isolates.

The study identifies vanA operons in Paenibacillus strains that confer resistance to glycopeptide antibiotics such as vancomycin and teicoplanin. These operons show similarities to those found in enterococci.

The study validated the VITEK 2 version 4.01 software for detecting, identifying, and classifying glycopeptide-resistant enterococci, including the accurate detection of vanA, vanB, vanC1, and vanC2 genotypes.

The study identified a vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium clone carrying the vanA gene, which confers resistance to glycopeptides, and the erm(B) gene, which confers resistance to erythromycin. Additionally, two Spanish isolates carried the aph(3')-IIIa gene, which provides resistance to kanamycin and streptomycin.

The study characterizes the vanA operon responsible for glycopeptide resistance in VanA-type methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains, demonstrating its functional expression and the synergistic effect of combining beta-lactams with glycopeptides.

The study identifies vancomycin resistance plasmids pSL1 and pSL2 in Enterococcus faecalis isolates from humans and chicken feces, which carry multiple resistance genes including vanA, ermB, aph(3')-IIIa, ant(6')-Ia, and aac(6')-aph(2').

The study reports the emergence of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) and vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) in northern India, highlighting the increasing prevalence of glycopeptide resistance in clinical isolates.

The study identifies vanA, tet(S), and tet(U) as key genes contributing to vancomycin and tetracycline resistance in VRSA isolates, highlighting the role of plasmid-mediated gene transfer in the emergence of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

The study identifies the vanH, vanA, and vanX genes in Actinoplanes teichomyceticus, which are responsible for glycopeptide resistance by modifying cell wall peptidoglycan precursors, leading to resistance against teicoplanin and vancomycin.

The study identifies various AMR genes in Enterococcus faecalis, including blaZ, ermB, tetM, and vanA, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, macrolides, tetracyclines, and glycopeptides, respectively.

The study reports the first case of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis with VanA phenotype and vanA genotype in Minas Gerais, Brazil.

The study identifies the vanA gene on Inc18-like plasmids in vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) isolates from Michigan, highlighting the role of these plasmids in the spread of vancomycin resistance.

The study developed a nanoplex PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of vancomycin and bifunctional aminoglycoside resistance genes in Enterococcus species, including vanA, vanB, vanC, vanD, and aacA-aphD.

The study identified the presence of antibiotic resistance genes including tetO, ermB, mecA, blaSHV-5, ampC, and vanA in reclaimed water from three European artificial groundwater recharge systems. These genes were detected using real-time qPCR, indicating their potential impact on the environment.

The study identified vanA and vanB as the primary resistance genes in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolates from a wastewater treatment plant in Iran, with vanA being the most prevalent.

The study characterizes the VanA-type vancomycin resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, highlighting the fitness cost associated with the acquisition of the vanA operon.

Two isolates of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium were identified in glaucous gulls in Point Barrow, Alaska, carrying the vanA gene and showing high-level resistance to vancomycin, teicoplanin, ampicillin, and ciprofloxacin.

The study identified bla CTX-M-15 as the dominant ESBL gene in E. coli isolates and vanA as the primary vancomycin resistance gene in VRE isolates.

The study reports two cases of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) in Michigan, USA, in 2007. Both isolates were positive for the vanA gene, which confers vancomycin resistance.

The study identifies the vanA gene cluster, erm(A), and ant(9)-Ia as conferring resistance to glycopeptides and aminoglycosides in VRSA-7. A mutation in the ddl gene (N308K) impairs d-alanine:d-alanine ligase activity, making the strain partially dependent on vancomycin for growth.

The study identified the presence of vanA gene conferring vancomycin resistance in enterococci from river Ganga, along with various virulence markers such as gelE, esp, efaA, and ace.

The study identifies the vanA gene cluster as being physically linked to the hylEfm gene on a transferable plasmid in Enterococcus faecium, contributing to vancomycin resistance and virulence.

The study identifies vanA as the gene responsible for vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium isolates from Swedish broiler production, highlighting its persistence in the environment despite cleaning.

The study describes a rapid protocol for detecting vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) using a selective medium and multiplex PCR, identifying the vanA gene as the primary resistance determinant.

The study identifies the vanA transposon as a key determinant of vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium and reports mutations in pbp5, gyrA, and parC associated with resistance to ampicillin and ciprofloxacin.

Telavancin induces the expression of vanA but not vanB operons in vancomycin-resistant enterococci, with vanA-type strains showing higher resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin compared to vanB-type strains.

The study identifies the dissemination of an Inc18-like vanA plasmid associated with vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) and highlights the role of this plasmid in the emergence of VRSA.

The study identified the vanA gene as the primary mechanism of vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium isolates from swine in Michigan, highlighting the presence of high-level vancomycin-resistant strains in food animals.

The study identified vanA-containing Enterococcus strains in seagull fecal samples, demonstrating vancomycin and teicoplanin resistance. The vanA gene was found in E. faecium and E. durans isolates, contributing to high-level glycopeptide resistance.

The study reports the emergence of vancomycin resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains, highlighting the increasing minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of vancomycin.

This paper characterizes several beta-lactamases, including TEM-1, SHV-1, CTX-M-15, and NDM-1, which confer resistance to various beta-lactam antibiotics. It also identifies erm(B) and mef(A) as mechanisms of macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin B resistance. Additionally, aadA1 and aac(6')-Ib are noted for aminoglycoside resistance, while catA1 and floR contribute to chloramphenicol resistance. The vanA gene is associated with glycopeptide resistance, and mcr-1 is linked to polymyxin resistance.

The study identified vancomycin resistance among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates, with six out of seven vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) isolates carrying the vanA gene.

The paper discusses the mechanisms of resistance to β-lactams, glycopeptides, and fluoroquinolones, highlighting the role of β-lactamases such as TEM, SHV, CTX-M, KPC, VIM, and NDM, glycopeptide resistance operons like vanA and vanB, and other resistance genes such as ermB, mecA, qnrA, and aac(6')-Ib.

Two cases of enterococcal meningitis caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus species were reported. The strain of E. gallinarum was found to have the vanA and vanC1 resistance genes.

The study evaluates the clinical usefulness of real-time PCR for detecting the vanA gene in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium, demonstrating its sensitivity and potential to replace conventional culture methods.

The study identified the pbp5-R allele, which confers ampicillin resistance in Enterococcus faecium strain TX16. This resistance determinant was found in most HA-clade isolates but not in CA-clade isolates.

The study identified a vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) isolate carrying the vanA gene, which confers resistance to vancomycin through the production of d-Ala-d-Lac.

The paper discusses the occurrence and significance of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), particularly focusing on the vanA gene which confers high-level glycopeptide resistance in Enterococcus faecium. It highlights the role of avoparcin use in selecting for VRE in farm animals and the subsequent decline in VRE prevalence after avoparcin was discontinued.

The FilmArray BC panel accurately identifies pathogens and detects resistance genes such as mecA, vanA, and blaKPC from positive blood cultures.

The study compared PCR/ESI-TOF-MS with traditional clinical microbiology for detecting organisms and resistance genes in healthcare environments. It identified mecA, vanA, and KPC-3 resistance genes in various samples.

The study evaluated a PCR assay for the rapid detection and characterization of Enterococcus faecalis and determination of its resistance to vancomycin through the identification of vanA and vanB genes.

The study identified vancomycin-resistant gram-positive cocci, including Staphylococcus succinus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Enterococcus gallinarum, carrying vanA, vanB, and vanC genes, indicating the presence of vancomycin resistance in wild songbirds.

The study developed a PCR-reverse blot hybridization assay (REBA Sepsis-ID test) for the rapid identification of pathogens in sepsis, including detection of antibiotic resistance genes mecA, vanA, and vanB.

A high-level vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolate harboring the vanA gene cluster was identified, indicating the presence of community-acquired VRSA in Iran.

The study identified the presence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) and vancomycin-sensitive enterococci (VSE) in pediatric ICU patients, with the vanA gene being detected in VRE isolates.

The study identified mecA, vanA, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genes in bone marrow transplant patients with bloodstream infections using real-time PCR.

The study identified the vanA gene as a key contributor to vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis, highlighting its fitness costs upon acquisition.

The study shows that vancomycin resistance in Streptomyces coelicolor requires the binding of vancomycin to d-Ala-d-Ala termini of peptidoglycan precursors, and that the vanA gene encodes a d-Ala-d-Lac ligase that replaces d-Ala-d-Ala in the cell wall, reducing vancomycin binding affinity.

The study evaluated the Verigene Gram-Positive Blood Culture Test (BC-GP) for the detection of Gram-positive bacteria and resistance determinants directly from positive blood cultures. The test showed high sensitivity and specificity for identifying Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Enterococcus species, as well as detecting the mecA gene for methicillin resistance and the vanA gene for vancomycin resistance.

The study identified vanA-containing Enterococcus isolates from song thrushes in Portugal, showing high-level resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin, along with resistance to other antibiotics such as erythromycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, and chloramphenicol.

The study detected vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) using the BD GeneOhm VanR assay and culture methods, identifying vanA and vanB genes as responsible for vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium isolates.

The study identifies vanH, vanA, vanX, vanK, and a metallo-d,d-carboxypeptidase as key genes involved in glycopeptide resistance in Actinomycetales through peptidoglycan cross-linking mechanisms.

The study detected vancomycin-resistant Enterococci with the vanA genotype in clinical isolates from a tertiary care center.

The study identified vanA as the most common vancomycin resistance gene in Enterococcus isolates, with 96.87% of VRE isolates carrying this gene. Additionally, a single isolate was found to possess both vanA and vanC1 genes, indicating complex resistance mechanisms.

The study demonstrates that the VraTSR regulatory system enhances the expression of the vanA operon, contributing to vancomycin resistance in VRSA strains.

The study reports the emergence of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) in a community-associated MRSA lineage, highlighting the transfer of the vanA gene cluster via a novel plasmid, pBRZ01, which also carries aac(6')-aph(2"), conferring resistance to vancomycin and gentamicin, respectively.

The study identified vanA as a gene responsible for vancomycin resistance in enterococcal isolates, highlighting the importance of detecting mixed-population bacteremia.

The study identified the vanA gene as the primary determinant of vancomycin and teicoplanin resistance in Enterococcus faecium outbreaks. Additional resistance genes such as erm(B), tet(M), aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, and aad6 were also characterized, contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study reports vancomycin resistance in an Aerococcus viridans isolate due to the presence of the vanA gene.

The paper discusses various rapid antimicrobial resistance testing methods, including molecular techniques like qPCR, DNA microarrays, Luminex xMAP, and next-generation sequencing (NGS), highlighting their roles in detecting resistance genes such as blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaKPC, blaNDM, blaOXA-48, blaVIM, blaIMP, mecA, mecC, vanA, vanB, aacA-aphD, tetK, tetM, ermA, ermC, vatA, vatB, and vatC in different bacterial species.

The study identified ESBL-producing E. coli with bla SHV-12, bla CTX-m-1, and bla SHV-2 genes, VRE with van A and van B genes, and MRCNS with the mec A gene in chicken meat samples from Austria.

The study identifies the molecular mechanisms behind the reversion of vancomycin-susceptible enterococci (VSE) to vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) during antibiotic therapy, highlighting the role of the vanA gene in constitutive resistance.

The iNtRON VRE vanA/vanB real-time PCR assay demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for detecting vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in rectal swab specimens, with 100% sensitivity and 99.2% specificity for vanA detection.

The study characterizes a vancomycin-resistant Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. gallolyticus isolate carrying a vanA-Tn1546-like element, highlighting the presence of glycopeptide resistance mechanisms in this species.

The paper discusses multidrug efflux pumps from various bacterial food pathogens including Enterobacteriaceae, Vibrio cholerae, and Staphylococcus aureus, highlighting their role in multidrug resistance.

The study developed an LNA-qPCR assay for the rapid detection of 13 antibiotic resistance genes, including bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-9, bla CMY-2, bla DHA-1, bla OXA-23, bla VIM-2, mecA, vanA, and vanB. The assay showed high specificity and sensitivity, with 91.5% concordance with phenotypic susceptibility testing.

The study identifies an Enterococcus gallinarum isolate carrying both vanA and vanB genes, which confer high-level resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin. The vanA gene was found on a plasmid, while the vanB gene was integrated into the chromosome.

The study identified vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates from meat, chicken, and cheese samples, all carrying the vanA gene, which confers resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in swine fecal samples using qPCR, including tetracycline resistance genes (tet(A), tet(B), tet(C), tet(M), tet(O), tet(W)), erythromycin resistance genes (ermB, ermF), sulfonamide resistance genes (sulI, sulII), beta-lactam resistance genes (blaCTX-M-1 group, blaCMY-2, blaSHV family), and glycopeptide resistance gene (vanA).

The study identified a single VRE-a isolate from a wild boar carrying the vanA gene, which confers high-level resistance to vancomycin. Additionally, VRE-i isolates from red kites and white storks were found to have intrinsic resistance mechanisms via the vanC gene.

The study identified several AMR genes including blaCTX, blaTEM, blaSPM, mecA, and vanA in pediatric oncologic patients with bloodstream infections, demonstrating the utility of real-time PCR for rapid detection of pathogens and resistance genes.

The study detected both vanA and vanB genes in vancomycin-resistant Enterococci isolates, highlighting the presence of these resistance genes in clinical settings in Iran.

The study presents a rapid LAMP-based method for detecting antibiotic resistance genes in bacterial isolates with minimal sample preparation, demonstrating successful detection of various resistance genes including aadD, bacA, ble, mepA, norA, qacA, and tetM.

The study developed a heptaplex PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS), and genes associated with methicillin and vancomycin resistance (mecA and vanA).

The study reports the first case of a methicillin-susceptible, vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VR-MSSA) isolate in Brazil, which acquired the vanA-containing plasmid pBRZ01, leading to high-level vancomycin resistance. The plasmid also carried aac(6')-aph(2'') for gentamicin resistance.

The study reports a case of vancomycin-variable Enterococcus (VVE) bacteremia, highlighting the challenges in diagnosing and treating VVE due to its ability to develop resistance to vancomycin despite initial susceptibility. The VVE isolates were found to possess the vanA gene, which is responsible for vancomycin resistance.

The Verigene Blood Culture Test effectively identifies bacteria and their resistance determinants, including bla CTX-M, bla OXA, vanA, and mecA genes, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity for detecting antimicrobial resistance in clinical settings.

The FilmArray BCID panel accurately detected methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (mecA), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (vanA), and Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (blaKPC) in blood cultures with high sensitivity and specificity.

Chlorhexidine induces the expression of VanA-type vancomycin resistance genes in Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis, including vanH, vanA, vanX, vanY, and vanZ, which are part of the vancomycin resistance gene cluster.

The Verigene BC-GP assay correctly identified mecA and vanA resistance genes in Gram-positive bacteria, while the BC-GN assay detected extended-spectrum beta-lactamase CTX-M and carbapenemase OXA resistance genes in Gram-negative bacteria.

The study identified vanA and vanB genes as the primary mechanisms of vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium isolates, with vanA being more prevalent. High-level aminoglycoside resistance was observed in over 50% of isolates, and multidrug resistance was common.

The study identifies a silenced vanA gene cluster on a transferable plasmid that can revert to a vancomycin-resistant phenotype upon exposure to vancomycin. The vanA gene cluster was found to be located on a broad-host-range plasmid, facilitating horizontal transfer between different Enterococcus species.

The paper discusses various mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, including beta-lactamases like blaKPC, blaNDM, blaIMP, and blaVIM, which confer resistance to carbapenems. It also covers aminoglycoside modifying enzymes such as aac(6')-Ib and aac(6')-I, quinolone resistance proteins like qnr, tetracycline resistance genes such as tet(M) and tet(O), macrolide resistance genes like erm, mefA, and mefE, and efflux pump systems like mexAB-oprM and acrAB-tolC.

The study reports the emergence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) carrying the vanA gene in a tertiary care hospital in North-East India, highlighting the need for improved infection control measures.

The study demonstrates that d-alanine can inhibit the activity of VanA, reducing vancomycin resistance in Streptomyces coelicolor and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium. This effect is enhanced in the absence of VanX.

The study identified the presence of the vanA gene in one E. cecorum strain, indicating vancomycin resistance. High levels of resistance to enrofloxacin, teicoplanin, doxycycline, and erythromycin were observed in the isolates.

The study developed and evaluated a real-time PCR protocol for detecting vanA and vanB genes in vancomycin-resistant enterococci using the BD Max system, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity.

The study characterizes the IRIDICA BAC BSI Assay for rapid detection of bacteria and Candida in blood, focusing on the detection of specific antibiotic resistance markers including mecA, vanA, vanB, and blaKPC.

The study demonstrates the utility of HMM-GRASPx for profiling antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene families in metagenomic data sets, highlighting the distinct resistome profiles across different body sites and the importance of AMR gene abundance in understanding bacterial communities.

The study identified vanA gene-carrying Enterococcus faecium in water and sediment samples following a sewage spill, demonstrating the persistence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in the environment.

The study identifies vancomycin resistance genes vanA and vanB in Bacillus infantis NRRL B-14911, highlighting its potential to confer resistance to vancomycin.

The study identified the presence of mecA, vanA, blaCTX, and blaSPM genes in various pathogens associated with bloodstream infections in paediatric cancer patients, highlighting the significance of molecular detection for rapid and accurate identification of antimicrobial resistance.

The study identified vanA, vanB, vanC1, and vanC2/C3 genes in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus isolates from HSCT patients, highlighting the prevalence of high-level vancomycin resistance in E. faecium and the association of vanA with severe resistance.

The study identified the transfer of vancomycin, erythromycin, and tetracycline resistance genes among Enterococcus species, highlighting the potential for horizontal gene transfer in agrarian environments.

The study found a high frequency of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VREF) in children, with the vanA gene being the primary determinant of glycopeptide resistance.

The study reports the first case of vancomycin-resistant Aerococcus viridans in Korea, which harbors the vanA gene, leading to resistance against vancomycin and teicoplanin.

The study confirms the transmission of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) from a deceased donor to a liver transplant recipient using genomic analysis. The vanA gene was identified as the resistance determinant.

The study identified vanA as the gene responsible for vancomycin and teicoplanin resistance in Enterococcus faecium isolates from stool samples.

The study identified vanA, vanB, vanC1, and vanC2 genes in Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus isolates, highlighting the presence of glycopeptide resistance mechanisms in a Nigerian tertiary hospital.

The study identified vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VREs) with the VanA phenotype and genotype, highlighting the significance of the vanA gene in vancomycin resistance.

The study identified vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains carrying the vanA gene and tigecycline-resistant S. aureus strains in Iran.

The study identified methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates carrying the mecA gene, which confers methicillin resistance. Additionally, some isolates harbored the vanA gene, indicating vancomycin resistance. The study also detected the presence of the tst gene, which encodes the toxic shock syndrome toxin, and the PVL gene, which encodes the Panton-Valentine leukocidin toxin.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in the ST201 strains of Clostridium difficile, including vancomycin resistance operons (VanA, VanB, VanG, VanE), virginiamycin A acetyltransferase, multidrug resistance efflux pumps, bacitracin resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, and fluoroquinolone resistance genes.

The study identified vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) strains carrying the vanA gene, along with multiple resistance genes such as mecA, ermA, ermB, ermC, msrA, msrB, tetM, ant(4')-Ia, aac(6')-Ie/aph(2'')-Ia, and aph(3')-IIIa. These strains exhibited high-level resistance to vancomycin and other antibiotics.

The study identified mecA and vanA genes in methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates, highlighting their role in antibiotic resistance.

The study identified several AMR genes including ermB, ermC, gyrA, tetM, tetL, and vanA in Enterococcus isolates from Sucuk, highlighting the potential for these bacteria to serve as reservoirs of antibiotic resistance genes.

The study identifies genes involved in nucleotide biosynthesis and carbohydrate metabolism that are essential for the growth of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in human serum, highlighting potential targets for novel antimicrobials.

The study explores the complex resistomes of Paenibacillaceae, revealing diverse antibiotic resistance mechanisms including intrinsic and acquired resistance genes such as aadD2, vanA, vanB, vanC, vanD, vanE, vanF, vanG, mcr, bla, tet, qnr, erm, mph, lnu, lsa, vat, vgb, cat, cfr, optrA, poxtA, sul, dfr, mexAB-OprM, acrAB-TolC, and oqxAB.

The study identifies a novel mutation in fabF associated with daptomycin resistance and confirms the role of vanA in vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium. Additionally, a G2576U mutation in 23S rRNA was linked to linezolid resistance.

The DeepARG models demonstrate improved accuracy in predicting antibiotic resistance genes from metagenomic data, reducing false negatives compared to traditional methods.

The study identifies the presence of a vanA glycopeptide resistance cassette in Rhodopila globiformis DSM 161(T), indicating resistance to vancomycin. Additionally, the genome reveals multiple genes involved in heavy metal resistance and antibiotic resistance mechanisms.

The study identified a single vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) isolate that was resistant to all eight antibiotics tested, but did not contain vanA or vanB genes. Additionally, five MRSA isolates were detected, all of which were mecA positive.

The study demonstrates the use of 16S rRNA-based PCR-high resolution melting analysis (HRMA) for rapid detection of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) strains, specifically those harboring vanA and vanB genes.

The study identifies the presence of the vanA gene in a Staphylococcus epidermidis strain from healthcare workers, indicating vancomycin resistance.

The study identified 293 environment-specific genes and found that blood-originating strains had the highest number of antibiotic resistance genes, including vanA and vanB-type vancomycin resistance clusters.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria isolated from pig farm seepage, including aadA, aa(6')-le-aph(2")-la, aph(2")-lb, aph(2")-lc, aph(2")-ld, aph(3")-llla, ant(4')-la, VanA, VanB, VanC2/C3, InuA, InuB, InuC, InuF, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA, OtrA, OtrB, Sul1, and Sul2. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as penicillins, sulfamethoxazole, tetracyclines, and glycopeptides.

The study identifies several antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in wastewater, including mecA, ctx-M32, ermB, blaTEM, sul1, vanA, and intI1, and evaluates the effectiveness of advanced wastewater treatment technologies in reducing their abundance.

The study identified the vanA gene as the primary determinant of vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus isolates from ICU patients in Ahvaz, Iran, with 91.5% of vancomycin-resistant isolates harboring this gene.

The study found no vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) in South Korea, but identified vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) and S. aureus with reduced vancomycin susceptibility (SA-RVS). The vanA and vanB genes were not detected in any isolates.

The study investigated the impact of gamma irradiation on antibiotic-resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) on romaine lettuce. It found that irradiation significantly reduced the abundance of certain ARGs, including those conferring resistance to tetracycline.

The study identifies the ST108 lineage of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis as having an agricultural origin, with multiple resistance genes including vanA, ermB, tetL, tetM, and bcr operon components contributing to its persistence in New Zealand.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes including ermA, ermB, ermC, mphC, vanA, vanB, tetA, and tetM in Enterococcus species isolated from ready-to-eat seafood, indicating the presence of multidrug-resistant strains.

FLASH-NGS was developed for the detection of antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in clinical samples, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity for various pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecium, and Plasmodium falciparum.

The study identified vanA and vanB genes in Enterococcus casseliflavus/gallinarum, which are intrinsically resistant to vancomycin. These genes were detected in 15.8% and 7.9% of the isolates, respectively.

The study identifies multiple AMR genes in Scottish vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) isolates, including aac(6')-Ii, aac(6')-aph(2''), ermB, pbp5-R, vanA, ant(9)-Ia, tetL, and dfrG. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics, highlighting the multidrug-resistant nature of the isolates.

The study characterizes various AMR genes and mutations in different bacterial pathogens, highlighting the prevalence of resistance to multiple antibiotics, including beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and aminoglycosides. Key findings include the widespread presence of bla OXA-48, bla TEM, and qnrS1 in Enterobacteriaceae, and mecA, mupA, cfr, and ermC in Staphylococcus aureus.

The study identified vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) in camel meat and slaughterhouse workers in Egypt, with all VRSA isolates carrying both vanA and vanB genes.

The study identified the vanA gene as the primary resistance mechanism in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates during an outbreak. The gene was experimentally validated and associated with high MIC values for vancomycin.

The study identified several aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, ant(3")-III, aph(3')-IIIa, ant(6')-Ia) and the vancomycin resistance gene vanA in enterococci isolated from hospitalized patients in Northwest Iran. These genes were found to confer resistance to gentamicin and vancomycin, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug-resistant enterococci in the region.

The study analyzed the effectiveness of ultrafiltration and ozone treatment in reducing antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and facultative pathogenic bacteria in wastewater. It identified several ARGs, including sul1, blaTEM, tetM, CTX-M, CTX-M-32, blaOXA-48, blaVIM, CMY-2, vanA, mcr-1, blaNDM, ermB, and intl1, which were found to be prevalent in the wastewater. Both ultrafiltration units showed significant reduction in these ARGs and pathogenic bacteria, whereas ozone treatment was less effective.

The study identified various AMR genes, including bla OXA-23, bla OXA-66, bla NDM-1, bla NDM-5, bla NDM-7, bla OXA-181, bla OXA-232, erm(B), vanA, msr(C), fosA, oqxA, aph(3')-lb, bla PAO, bla OXA-50, catB7, and bla GES-5, in multidrug-resistant bacteria isolated from ICU surfaces in Pakistan and the USA.

The study identified ere(B) and erm(B) genes as primary mediators of erythromycin resistance, and vanA as the main determinant of vancomycin resistance in multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolates from hospital-acquired infections.

The study identifies a novel multidrug-resistant enterococcal mobile linear plasmid pELF1 that encodes vanA and vanM gene clusters, conferring resistance to vancomycin, as well as other antibiotics such as streptomycin, streptothricin, kanamycin, and erythromycin.

The study describes a multiplex PCR platform called MicrobScan for the rapid detection of bacteria, Candida, and antibiotic resistance genes in human blood samples. It successfully detected 20 bacterial and four Candida species, as well as three antibiotic-resistance determinants: blaKPC, mecA, and vanA/vanB.

The study shows a significant reduction in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE) in Norwegian broilers, which coincided with the removal of narasin as a feed additive. The vanA gene was identified as the primary mechanism of vancomycin resistance, and a putative narasin resistance mechanism was associated with VRE.

The study identified several biomarkers for drug resistance in ESCAPE pathogens using MALDI-TOF MS, including vanA for vancomycin resistance in E. faecium, mecA for methicillin resistance in S. aureus, blaOXA-24 and blaOXA-58 for carbapenem resistance in A. baumannii, and blaNDM for carbapenem resistance in K. pneumoniae.

The study identified the presence of methicillin-resistant (mecA) and vancomycin-resistant (vanA) genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates, highlighting the need for careful antibiotic use.

The study presents a rapid diagnostic platform integrating one-step blood droplet digital PCR and a high-throughput 3D particle counter for direct bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing from whole blood, capable of detecting various antibiotic resistance genes such as bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-2, bla KPC, bla OXA-48, vanA, mecA, nuc, uidA, and khe.

The study identified methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and glycopeptide-resistant enterococci (VRE) in fecal samples of birds from South-Eastern Poland, highlighting their potential role as reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

The study identified mecA, vanA, and cfr genes associated with methicillin, vancomycin, and linezolid resistance, respectively, in Gram-positive bacteria causing bloodstream infections. Additionally, mutations in the 23S rDNA (C2534T and T2504A) were linked to linezolid resistance in Staphylococcus epidermidis.

The study identified several AMR genes in lactic acid bacteria isolated from dairy systems, including vanC2, vanA, ermB, aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2″)-Ia, tet(S), ant(4′)-Ia, tdc, cpd, int, mur-2ed, asa1, ccf, and hyl. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as vancomycin, gentamicin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol.

The study identified several AMR genes in multidrug-resistant Enterococcus spp. isolated from wastewater treatment plants, including vancomycin resistance genes (vanA, vanM, vanG, vanC), macrolide resistance genes (ermB, msrC), tetracycline resistance genes (tetL), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aad(6'), aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, ant(9')-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, SAT-4, ant(6')-Ia), chloramphenicol resistance gene (cat), dihydrofolate reductase genes (dfrE, dfrF, dfrG), and lincosamide resistance genes (InuB, InuG).

The study identifies various AMR genes and mutations in Enterococcus faecium and Enterobacter hormaechei isolates from a liver transplant patient, highlighting their roles in resistance to multiple antibiotics.

The GenMark Dx ePlex Blood Culture Identification Gram-Positive Panel effectively identifies 20 Gram-positive bacteria and detects four antimicrobial resistance genes: mecA, mecC, vanA, and vanB.

The study identified several AMR genes including mecA, vanA, vanB, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, ant(4')-Ia, and aph(3')-IIIa in staphylococci isolated from healthy children in Eastern Uganda. These genes were associated with resistance to methicillin, vancomycin, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes including mecA, vanA, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M-1, blaCTX-M-2, blaKPC, and blaOXA-48 in bacteria isolated from Turkish banknotes, highlighting the potential role of paper currency in spreading pathogens and antimicrobial resistance.

The study identified vanA, tetM, gyrA, and gyrB genes associated with vancomycin, tetracycline, and fluoroquinolone resistance in Clostridiodes difficile strains. Mutations in gyrA and gyrB were linked to fluoroquinolone resistance.

The study reports the first local spread of vancomycin-resistant enterococci due to the transmission of a linear plasmid carrying the vanA gene cluster, highlighting the role of plasmid-mediated horizontal gene transfer in the spread of antimicrobial resistance.

The study evaluated the performance of multiplex PCR (mPCR) for detecting antimicrobial resistance genes in clinical samples from patients with orthopaedic infections. It identified several resistance genes, including mecA, mecC, aac(6')/aph(2''), ermA, ermC, rpoB, vanA, vanB, ctx-M, blaNDM, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-24, blaOXA-48, blaOXA-58, blaIMP, blaKPC, gyrA83, gyrA87, and aacA4, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as oxacillin, aminoglycosides, macrolides/lincosamides, rifampin, vancomycin, third-generation cephalosporins, carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones.

The study identifies a vanA-type vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium ST78 strain carrying a rep2-type plasmid with a Tn1546-like element. The strain exhibits resistance to multiple antibiotics, including vancomycin, teicoplanin, and aminoglycosides, due to the presence of the vanA, ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-III, aac(6')-Ii, and msr(C) genes.

The study found that vanA-positive Enterococcus faecium isolates were associated with increased 30-day mortality in patients with bloodstream infections, highlighting the significance of vanA as a resistance determinant.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) isolated from processed meat, including vanA, vanC1, erm(B), aac(6')-Ii, aadE, ant(9)-Ia, lsa(E), msr(C), lnu(B), tet(M)+tet(L), dfrG, dfrK, adeC, and efmA, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as vancomycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, aminoglycosides, and trimethoprim.