The study investigated the impact of glycopeptide resistance genes vanA and vanB on the virulence of Enterococcus faecalis in a rat peritonitis model. Both vanA and vanB conferred resistance to vancomycin.

The study characterizes vancomycin-dependent enterococci (VDE) and identifies the presence of vanA and vanB genes in these isolates, indicating their resistance to vancomycin.

The study evaluated PCR primer sets for detecting the vanB gene in fecal samples and found that vanB-containing anaerobic bacilli can cause false positives for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE).

The study characterizes the vanB operon in anaerobic gut bacteria, demonstrating its presence in various Clostridium species, Eggerthella lenta, Ruminococcus sp., and Enterococcus faecium, highlighting its role in vancomycin resistance.

The study validated the VITEK 2 version 4.01 software for detecting, identifying, and classifying glycopeptide-resistant enterococci, including the accurate detection of vanA, vanB, vanC1, and vanC2 genotypes.

The study reports the emergence of vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) and vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) in northern India, highlighting the increasing prevalence of glycopeptide resistance in clinical isolates.

The study developed a nanoplex PCR assay for the simultaneous detection of vancomycin and bifunctional aminoglycoside resistance genes in Enterococcus species, including vanA, vanB, vanC, vanD, and aacA-aphD.

The study identified vanA and vanB as the primary resistance genes in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis isolates from a wastewater treatment plant in Iran, with vanA being the most prevalent.

Telavancin induces the expression of vanA but not vanB operons in vancomycin-resistant enterococci, with vanA-type strains showing higher resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin compared to vanB-type strains.

The study shows that inducible expression of the vanB gene in enterococci eliminates the fitness cost associated with vancomycin resistance, allowing the bacteria to maintain competitive fitness without the resistance mechanism being constantly active.

The study reports the emergence of VanB-type resistance in Clostridium clostridioforme and Atopobium minutum clinical isolates in France, highlighting the presence of the vanB gene associated with glycopeptide resistance.

The paper discusses the mechanisms of resistance to β-lactams, glycopeptides, and fluoroquinolones, highlighting the role of β-lactamases such as TEM, SHV, CTX-M, KPC, VIM, and NDM, glycopeptide resistance operons like vanA and vanB, and other resistance genes such as ermB, mecA, qnrA, and aac(6')-Ib.

The study identified vanB-mediated vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis isolates from resident cats in small animal veterinary hospitals, highlighting the potential role of these cats in the cross-contamination of hospital environments with multidrug-resistant enterococci.

The study presents the first complete genome sequence of a vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strain, Aus0004, highlighting the presence of the vanB gene associated with vancomycin resistance.

The study evaluated a PCR assay for the rapid detection and characterization of Enterococcus faecalis and determination of its resistance to vancomycin through the identification of vanA and vanB genes.

The study identified vancomycin-resistant gram-positive cocci, including Staphylococcus succinus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Enterococcus gallinarum, carrying vanA, vanB, and vanC genes, indicating the presence of vancomycin resistance in wild songbirds.

The study developed a PCR-reverse blot hybridization assay (REBA Sepsis-ID test) for the rapid identification of pathogens in sepsis, including detection of antibiotic resistance genes mecA, vanA, and vanB.

The study evaluated the Verigene Gram-Positive Blood Culture Test (BC-GP) for the detection of Gram-positive bacteria and resistance determinants directly from positive blood cultures. The test showed high sensitivity and specificity for identifying Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Enterococcus species, as well as detecting the mecA gene for methicillin resistance and the vanA gene for vancomycin resistance.

The study evaluated the performance of the EUCAST disk diffusion, CLSI agar screen, and Vitek 2 methods for detecting VanB-type vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus isolates. The EUCAST disk diffusion and CLSI agar screen methods showed higher sensitivity and specificity compared to the Vitek 2 system.

The study evaluates the Xpert vanA/vanB assay for the detection of vanB vancomycin-resistant Enterococci using enriched inoculated broths, demonstrating improved positive predictive value through optimized cycle threshold cutoff values.

The paper discusses various rapid antimicrobial resistance testing methods, including molecular techniques like qPCR, DNA microarrays, Luminex xMAP, and next-generation sequencing (NGS), highlighting their roles in detecting resistance genes such as blaCTX-M, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaKPC, blaNDM, blaOXA-48, blaVIM, blaIMP, mecA, mecC, vanA, vanB, aacA-aphD, tetK, tetM, ermA, ermC, vatA, vatB, and vatC in different bacterial species.

The study identified ESBL-producing E. coli with bla SHV-12, bla CTX-m-1, and bla SHV-2 genes, VRE with van A and van B genes, and MRCNS with the mec A gene in chicken meat samples from Austria.

The iNtRON VRE vanA/vanB real-time PCR assay demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity for detecting vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) in rectal swab specimens, with 100% sensitivity and 99.2% specificity for vanA detection.

The study identifies the vanB gene as a key factor in vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecalis, demonstrating its role in modifying cell wall precursors to confer resistance.

The study developed an LNA-qPCR assay for the rapid detection of 13 antibiotic resistance genes, including bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-9, bla CMY-2, bla DHA-1, bla OXA-23, bla VIM-2, mecA, vanA, and vanB. The assay showed high specificity and sensitivity, with 91.5% concordance with phenotypic susceptibility testing.

The study identified the presence of vancomycin resistance genes (vanB, vanC1, vanC2/3) and the macrolide resistance gene erm(B) in Enterococcus isolates from hospital wastewater and final effluent of a wastewater treatment plant in South Africa.

The study identifies an Enterococcus gallinarum isolate carrying both vanA and vanB genes, which confer high-level resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin. The vanA gene was found on a plasmid, while the vanB gene was integrated into the chromosome.

The study identified vancomycin resistance genes (vanB, vanC1, vanC2/3), erythromycin resistance gene (ermB), and streptomycin resistance gene (strA) in Enterococcus spp. isolated from pig fecal samples. High levels of multidrug resistance were observed, with resistance to vancomycin, erythromycin, and streptomycin being particularly prevalent.

The study detected both vanA and vanB genes in vancomycin-resistant Enterococci isolates, highlighting the presence of these resistance genes in clinical settings in Iran.

The study identified vanA and vanB genes as the primary mechanisms of vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium isolates, with vanA being more prevalent. High-level aminoglycoside resistance was observed in over 50% of isolates, and multidrug resistance was common.

The paper discusses various mechanisms of antibiotic resistance, including beta-lactamases like blaKPC, blaNDM, blaIMP, and blaVIM, which confer resistance to carbapenems. It also covers aminoglycoside modifying enzymes such as aac(6')-Ib and aac(6')-I, quinolone resistance proteins like qnr, tetracycline resistance genes such as tet(M) and tet(O), macrolide resistance genes like erm, mefA, and mefE, and efflux pump systems like mexAB-oprM and acrAB-tolC.

The study developed and evaluated a real-time PCR protocol for detecting vanA and vanB genes in vancomycin-resistant enterococci using the BD Max system, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity.

The study demonstrates the feasibility of identifying antimicrobial resistance genes through next-generation sequencing of cell-free DNA from plasma samples of septic patients, highlighting the presence of vanB, vanS B, tet1, and sat4 genes in a vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolate.

The study demonstrates the utility of HMM-GRASPx for profiling antimicrobial resistance (AMR) gene families in metagenomic data sets, highlighting the distinct resistome profiles across different body sites and the importance of AMR gene abundance in understanding bacterial communities.

The study shows that homologous recombination facilitates the acquisition of β-lactam and vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium through the replacement of pbp5 alleles and the integration of Tn5382 carrying vanB.

The complete genome sequence of Bacillus sp. VT 712 reveals several antibiotic resistance genes, including those encoding resistance to vancomycin (vanZ, vanB, vanW), tetracycline (tet(A)), fosfomycin (fosB), multidrug resistance efflux pumps (including acrB), beta-lactamases, and the quaternary ammonium compound resistance protein sugE.

The study identifies vancomycin resistance genes vanA and vanB in Bacillus infantis NRRL B-14911, highlighting its potential to confer resistance to vancomycin.

The study identified numerous antibiotic resistance genes in Clostridium bolteae and Clostridium clostridioforme, including beta-lactamases, glycopeptide resistance operons, macrolide and lincosamide resistance genes, and efflux pumps. Notably, C. bolteae 90B3 exhibited resistance to linezolid, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and tiamulin due to the presence of the 23S rRNA methyltransferase gene cfr. Additionally, C. clostridioforme 90A8 possessed a VanB-type operon conferring vancomycin resistance.

The study identified vanA, vanB, vanC1, and vanC2/C3 genes in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus isolates from HSCT patients, highlighting the prevalence of high-level vancomycin resistance in E. faecium and the association of vanA with severe resistance.

The study identified vanA, vanB, vanC1, and vanC2 genes in Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus isolates, highlighting the presence of glycopeptide resistance mechanisms in a Nigerian tertiary hospital.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in the ST201 strains of Clostridium difficile, including vancomycin resistance operons (VanA, VanB, VanG, VanE), virginiamycin A acetyltransferase, multidrug resistance efflux pumps, bacitracin resistance genes, tetracycline resistance genes, and fluoroquinolone resistance genes.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes, including aac6-aph2a, ermC, tetK, and vanB, along with horizontal transfer genes such as pre pSK41, nes pSK41, traE, traG, traK, traL, traM, and pre pT181, in biofilm-forming Staphylococcus isolates.

The paper presents ARIBA, a tool for identifying antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations from sequencing data. It evaluates the performance of ARIBA on three datasets, demonstrating its accuracy and efficiency in detecting resistance genes and mutations in Enterococcus faecium, Shigella sonnei, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

The study explores the complex resistomes of Paenibacillaceae, revealing diverse antibiotic resistance mechanisms including intrinsic and acquired resistance genes such as aadD2, vanA, vanB, vanC, vanD, vanE, vanF, vanG, mcr, bla, tet, qnr, erm, mph, lnu, lsa, vat, vgb, cat, cfr, optrA, poxtA, sul, dfr, mexAB-OprM, acrAB-TolC, and oqxAB.

The study characterizes the vanB gene as the primary determinant of vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium isolates in Poland, highlighting its localization on plasmids and chromosomes and its association with specific lineages.

The study demonstrates the use of 16S rRNA-based PCR-high resolution melting analysis (HRMA) for rapid detection of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE) strains, specifically those harboring vanA and vanB genes.

The study identified 293 environment-specific genes and found that blood-originating strains had the highest number of antibiotic resistance genes, including vanA and vanB-type vancomycin resistance clusters.

The Unyvero BCU Application effectively detects multiple antibiotic resistance genes, including mecA, aac(6')-aph(2''), ermA, blaCTX-M, and vanB, demonstrating high sensitivity and specificity in identifying resistant pathogens in blood cultures.

The study identified several antibiotic resistance genes in bacteria isolated from pig farm seepage, including aadA, aa(6')-le-aph(2")-la, aph(2")-lb, aph(2")-lc, aph(2")-ld, aph(3")-llla, ant(4')-la, VanA, VanB, VanC2/C3, InuA, InuB, InuC, InuF, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaOXA, OtrA, OtrB, Sul1, and Sul2. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as penicillins, sulfamethoxazole, tetracyclines, and glycopeptides.

The study successfully reconstructed the genomes of drug-resistant pathogens, including KPC-producing K. pneumoniae and vanB VRE, demonstrating the utility of metagenomic sequencing in outbreak investigations.

The study identifies various antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) associated with multidrug resistance, including macrolide, beta-lactam, tetracycline, and methicillin resistance genes, highlighting the presence of these genes in postmortem microbiome samples.

The study found no vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) in South Korea, but identified vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) and S. aureus with reduced vancomycin susceptibility (SA-RVS). The vanA and vanB genes were not detected in any isolates.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes including ermA, ermB, ermC, mphC, vanA, vanB, tetA, and tetM in Enterococcus species isolated from ready-to-eat seafood, indicating the presence of multidrug-resistant strains.

The study identified several AMR genes in enterococcal isolates, including aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, ant(6')-Ia, ermB, msrA/B, tetK, tetL, tetM, vanB, vanC1, and optrA, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as gentamicin, streptomycin, macrolides, lincosamides, tetracyclines, vancomycin, and linezolid.

The study identified vanA and vanB genes in Enterococcus casseliflavus/gallinarum, which are intrinsically resistant to vancomycin. These genes were detected in 15.8% and 7.9% of the isolates, respectively.

The study identified vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) in camel meat and slaughterhouse workers in Egypt, with all VRSA isolates carrying both vanA and vanB genes.

The study describes a multiplex PCR platform called MicrobScan for the rapid detection of bacteria, Candida, and antibiotic resistance genes in human blood samples. It successfully detected 20 bacterial and four Candida species, as well as three antibiotic-resistance determinants: blaKPC, mecA, and vanA/vanB.

The study identified methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and glycopeptide-resistant enterococci (VRE) in fecal samples of birds from South-Eastern Poland, highlighting their potential role as reservoirs of antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

The study identified vancomycin resistance genes vanB, vanC1, and vanC2-C3 in various Enterococcus species isolated from racing pigeons, indicating the presence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci.

The GenMark Dx ePlex Blood Culture Identification Gram-Positive Panel effectively identifies 20 Gram-positive bacteria and detects four antimicrobial resistance genes: mecA, mecC, vanA, and vanB.

The study identified several AMR genes including mecA, vanA, vanB, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, ant(4')-Ia, and aph(3')-IIIa in staphylococci isolated from healthy children in Eastern Uganda. These genes were associated with resistance to methicillin, vancomycin, and aminoglycosides.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes, including blaZ, vanB, tetK, tetL, and msrA/B, in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from milk. These genes were associated with resistance to penicillin, vancomycin, tetracycline, and macrolides. Additionally, biofilm-forming genes icaA, icaB, icaC, icaD, and bap were detected, highlighting the potential public health risk posed by these isolates.

The study evaluated the performance of multiplex PCR (mPCR) for detecting antimicrobial resistance genes in clinical samples from patients with orthopaedic infections. It identified several resistance genes, including mecA, mecC, aac(6')/aph(2''), ermA, ermC, rpoB, vanA, vanB, ctx-M, blaNDM, blaOXA-23, blaOXA-24, blaOXA-48, blaOXA-58, blaIMP, blaKPC, gyrA83, gyrA87, and aacA4, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as oxacillin, aminoglycosides, macrolides/lincosamides, rifampin, vancomycin, third-generation cephalosporins, carbapenems, and fluoroquinolones.

The study presents a PMMA-based microreactor array for rapid detection of antibiotic resistance (AR) genes in lactic acid bacteria (LABs). Six AR genes, including strA, strB, vanA, vanB, tetM, and tetS, were successfully detected using LAMP and colorimetric methods.

The study identified a silent outbreak of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VRE-fm) in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). All isolates showed high-level resistance to vancomycin, and the vanA gene was detected in all isolates, while the vanB gene was absent.

The study identified several AMR genes, including blaCTX-M, blaTEM-1, blaOXA-1, blaSHV, mecA, vanA, and vanB, which confer resistance to beta-lactams, methicillin, and vancomycin in various bacterial isolates from infected wounds in Czech hospitals.

The study identified vanA and vanB genes as the primary contributors to vancomycin resistance in multidrug-resistant uropathogenic enterococci. These genes were detected in 14 and 5 strains, respectively. Additionally, the research highlighted the expression of various virulence factors such as biofilm, caseinase, and gelatinase, which are linked to the pathogenicity of these bacteria.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) isolates from a cattle feedlot, including vanC1, vanC2/C3, vanXY-C, VanR, macA, macB, rlmA (II), erm(A), aac(6')-la, blaEC, tet(A), tet(L), S10p, gyrA, gyrB, msbA, S12p, rpoB, mdfA/cmr, liaF, liaR, liaS, bcrC, mprF, pgsA, ef-G, ef-TU, ddl, alr, kasA, isotRNA, inhA, fabl, murA, folA, and Dfr, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as vancomycin, macrolides, aminoglycosides, β-lactams, tetracyclines, quinolones, and others.

The study identified methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains with high prevalence of mecA gene and reduced vancomycin susceptibility. No van genes were found, but the presence of fnBPA and PVL virulence genes was noted.

The study identified several AMR genes in Enterococcus and ESBL-producing E. coli isolates from bovine mastitis cases in Egypt, including erm(B), tetL, aac-aphD, vanA, and vanB.

The study identified antibiotic resistance genes in Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus from wildlife meat and feces, including blaCMY, aadA, sul1, sul2, tetA, tetB, tetK, tetL, tetM, vanA, vanB, and blaZ, which conferred resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, sulfonamides, tetracycline, vancomycin, and penicillin.

The study presents a nanosensor-based assay for detecting antimicrobial resistance mutations and genes, including ampR D135G and G154R mutations and vanA, vanB, and vanD genes in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecium.

The study identified vanB genes in two vancomycin-resistant E. faecalis isolates and characterized various tetracycline, macrolide, lincosamide, and aminoglycoside resistance genes in E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates from different sources in Estonia.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in ESKAPEE pathogens, including vanA, vanB, blaTEM, blaSHV, blaCTX-M, blaOXA, blaVEB, blaVIM, blaNDM, aac(6')-Ib, aadB, ermC, qnrS1, and gyrA mutations, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance in these isolates.

All VREfm isolates harbored the vancomycin resistance gene vanB.

The study developed a lateral flow immunoassay (NG-Test VanB) for the rapid detection of VanB-producing vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VanB-VREs). The assay demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity when bacterial cells were grown in the presence of vancomycin.

The study identified several AMR genes and mutations in Enterococcus faecium isolates, including pbp5, vanA, vanB, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, gyrA, parC, tet(L), tet(M), tet(S), and 23S rRNA. These genes and mutations were validated experimentally and showed high accuracy in predicting antimicrobial resistance.

The study identified the presence of mecA and vanB genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from dairy products in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, indicating resistance to oxacillin and vancomycin.

The study evaluated the performance of the Accelerate Pheno system, BioFire FilmArray BCID, and BCID2 panels for rapid blood culture identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. It identified several AMR genes including bla KPC, bla NDM, bla OXA-48, bla VIM, bla IMP, mecA, vanA, vanB, mcr-1, and CTX-M, which confer resistance to carbapenems, beta-lactams, glycopeptides, polymyxins, and cephalosporins.

The study identified vanA and vanB genes in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates, along with tet(M) and erm(B) genes associated with tetracycline and macrolide resistance, respectively. Aminoglycoside resistance was mediated by aac(6′)-Ie-aph(2′)-Ia and aph(3′)-IIIa genes.

The study identified methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA and VRSA) in ready-to-eat meat and human samples, highlighting the presence of multidrug-resistant isolates with biofilm-forming abilities. Key resistance genes included mecA, vanA, and vanB, while biofilm-related genes icaA, icaB, icaC, and icaD were prevalent.

The study identified vanA and vanB glycopeptide resistance genes in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates, highlighting the genetic diversity and transmission dynamics within the hospital setting.

The study developed an in-house VREfm screening broth that effectively distinguishes vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) from other enterococci. The screening broth was validated using multiplex PCR and broth microdilution, identifying vanA, vanB, vanC1, and vanC2/C3 genes as responsible for vancomycin resistance.

The study evaluates the performance of the Luminex VERIGENE Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Blood Culture Tests for detecting bacterial pathogens and resistance markers in bloodstream infections. These tests show high accuracy in identifying gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and their resistance mechanisms, including mecA, vanA, and vanB.

The study presents a 10-plex mmPCR assay that detects Gram type, fungal DNA, and antibiotic resistance genes including mecA, vanA, vanB, and blaSHV-1.

The paper reviews antimicrobial susceptibility testing methods for Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium, highlighting the roles of various AMR genes such as aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, vanA, vanB, cfr, optrA, and poxtA in conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, vancomycin, and oxazolidinones.

The study identified the prevalence of vanA and vanB genes in VRE isolates from stool samples positive for C. difficile toxins, highlighting the local dominance of the vanA genotype and its association with high resistance to vancomycin, teicoplanin, and occasionally linezolid.

The study identified the presence of blaZ, tetL, tetM, mecA, and vanB genes in Staphylococcus spp. isolates from subclinical mastitis in cows in Piauí, Brazil, indicating multidrug resistance.

The study identified vanA and vanB genes as the primary mechanisms of vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus isolates causing urinary tract infections in northern India. These genes were found in 15 and 5 isolates, respectively, and were associated with high levels of resistance to vancomycin and teicoplanin.

The study identifies various AMR genes in Enterococcus faecium, including vanA, vanB, ermB, ermT, ermA, aad(6), aph(3')-IIIa, aac(6')-Ie-aph(2')-Ia, sat-4, tetM, tet(W/N/W), dfrG, dfrF, lnuB, optrA, and lsaE, which are associated with different habitats and geographic locations.

The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Enterococcus isolates from various aquatic environments, highlighting the role of anthropogenic pressure in the spread of antibiotic-resistant enterococci.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in B. cereus s.s. 3A-ES, including VanB-type, VanRB, CAT15/16, BcrA, BcrB, Lsa(B), and recA, which contribute to resistance against various antibiotics and preservatives in cosmetic products.

The study identified tetracycline resistance genes tetK, tetL, and tetM, as well as aminoglycoside resistance genes aacC2, aacC4, and aph(3'')-IIIa, and the vancomycin resistance gene vanB in Enterococcus faecalis isolates from bovine clinical mastitis in Bangladesh.

The study identifies numerous AMR genes in Mycobacteroides abscessus complex, highlighting the widespread presence of resistance to multiple antibiotic classes, including beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, and others. Key findings include the detection of beta-lactamases like blaLAP-1 and blaTLA-2, 23S rRNA methyltransferases such as erm(33), erm(43), and erm(44), and various aminoglycoside modifying enzymes. Additionally, vancomycin resistance genes like vanA, vanB, and vanC were identified, along with efflux pump genes contributing to multidrug resistance.

The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in C. difficile isolates from spinach and soil samples, including vanB, tet(M), ant(6)-Ia, qacG, cdeA, SAT-4, vanXY, vanR, D19aph(3')-III_1, tet(40), and CDD-1, indicating resistance to vancomycin, tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, disinfectants, fluoroquinolones, nucleosides, and beta-lactams.

The study identified vancomycin heteroresistance in methicillin-resistant clinical isolates of S. haemolyticus, S. hominis, S. simulans, and S. warneri. None of the tested strains carried the vanA or vanB genes, suggesting that the resistance mechanism is not due to these specific genes.

The study evaluated the accuracy of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for predicting antimicrobial resistance in enterococcal clinical isolates. It identified several AMR genes and mutations, including aac(6')-aph(2"), erm(B), erm(T), tet(L), tet(M), vanA, vanB, vanD, optrA, poxtA, and mutations in gyrA and parC, which were validated through genomic sequencing and phenotypic AST.

The study identifies a multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate L1a harboring an infrequent red fluorescence plasmid. The isolate shows resistance to several antibiotics including levofloxacin, cefepime, aztreonam, and imipenem, and carries multiple drug resistance genes and efflux pump-related genes.

The paper discusses the genetic basis of antibiotic resistance mechanisms in Enterococcus and Staphylococcus aureus, focusing on various resistance genes and mutations associated with glycopeptides, aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, quinolones, tetracyclines, and fosfomycin.

The paper discusses the presence of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in bivalve molluscs, highlighting the spread of resistance to various antibiotics such as colistin, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, and tetracyclines. It emphasizes the role of bivalve aquacultures in the dissemination of ARGs and the potential risks to human health through the food chain.

The study identifies the mecA gene encoding a beta-lactamase responsible for beta-lactam resistance in S. aureus and the vanB gene conferring vancomycin resistance in E. faecium.

The study examined the impact of stratospheric conditions on the survival and antibiotic resistance of multidrug-resistant bacteria. It found that exposure to stratospheric conditions led to a decrease in antibiotic resistance, with no loss of resistance genes detected.

The study identified vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium strains with vanA, vanB, and vanD genotypes. These strains exhibited higher biofilm-forming capacity compared to susceptible strains.

The study evaluated the effectiveness of a combined probiotic-phage sanitation system (PCHSφ) in reducing microbial contamination and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in hospital environments. PCHSφ significantly reduced staphylococcal contamination and AMR gene prevalence compared to conventional chemical disinfection and PCHS alone.

This scoping review identifies various antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in bacteria isolated from peridomestic Rattus species, including beta-lactamases (bla TEM, bla CTX-M, bla SHV, bla VIM, bla IMP, bla NDM-1), aminoglycoside resistance genes (strA, strB, aadA, aphA), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tet34), trimethoprim resistance genes (dfrA1, dfrA17, dfr14), quinolone resistance genes (qnrB1), and others.

The study identified two MRSA isolates carrying the vanB gene, which conferred vancomycin resistance. No vanA gene was detected.

The study identifies the presence of vanA and vanB genes, along with poxtA, fexB, tet(M), and tet(L) in a multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolate, highlighting the coexistence of multiple resistance mechanisms.

The study identifies vanA and vanB as the primary vancomycin resistance genes in Enterococcus faecium isolates from hospital-acquired diarrheal patients, highlighting their association with extended antibiotic exposure and enterococcal proliferation.

The study validated a custom AMR-TAC for detecting AMR genes in critically ill children, revealing the presence of various AMR genes such as ermB, mecA, mecC, bla CTX-M-1, bla CTX-M-9, vanA, and vanB in respiratory and fecal samples.

The study identified vanA and vanB genes in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates from wastewater, demonstrating high-level resistance to vancomycin.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from Nsukka, Nigeria, including MecA, VanA, VanB, ErmB, and ErmC, which confer resistance to methicillin, vancomycin, and macrolides.

The study identified antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in Nocardia strains, revealing resistance to multiple drugs including rifampin and vancomycin. The mce gene family was linked to the pathogenicity and clinical severity of Nocardia keratitis.

The study identified vancomycin-resistant genes (vanA, vanB, vanC, vanD, vanE, vanG) in intrinsically antibiotic-resistant bacteria from the gut microbiota of Indonesian individuals, highlighting the potential role of these bacteria in the spread of antibiotic resistance through horizontal gene transfer.

The study identifies the emergence of a new vanA-harbouring plasmid in ST80 vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) in Guangdong, China, contributing to an outbreak. The plasmid contains a vanA cassette embedded in a Tn1546-like structure and lacks conjugation-related genes, suggesting clonal transmission as the primary mode of spread.

The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations in Enterococcus isolates, including vanB for vancomycin resistance, lsaA, lsaE, lnuB for lincosamide resistance, tetM and tetL for tetracycline resistance, aac6'-Ii, aac6'-aph2'', aph3'-III, and ant6-Ia for aminoglycoside resistance, msrC, ermB, and ermT for macrolide resistance, and mutations in gyrA, parC, pbp5, and 23S rRNA for fluoroquinolone, penicillin, and linezolid resistance.

The study identifies and characterizes various antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the infant gut microbiota, showing an increase in ARG abundance over the first four months of life. Key findings include the identification of genes conferring resistance to aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, tetracyclines, and other antibiotics, along with the influence of factors such as mode of delivery and feeding type on the resistome composition.

The study identified multiple van genes (vanA, vanB, vanD) in glycopeptide non-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus isolates, highlighting the presence of resistance mechanisms that contribute to in vitro MIC creep phenomena.

The study developed a one-step multiplex qPCR assay for the detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) by targeting the mecA, vanA, and vanB genes.

The study identified mecA, mecC, femA, vanA, vanB, pvl, hlg, and spa genes in methicillin and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates from clinical and food samples in Southwestern Nigeria.

The study identified two quinoxaline derivatives, compounds 25 and 31, which exhibit significant antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VRE) strains, with MIC values ranging from 0.25 to 1 mg/L.

The study identifies multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including blaACT-2, fosA2, vanA, vanB, and vanG, in a multidrug-resistant Enterobacter asburiae isolate from a diabetic foot infection in Bangladesh.

The study presents a comprehensive meta-analysis of antibiotic resistance in bacteria isolated from mammalian wild game, highlighting the prevalence of various AMR genes and mutations across different bacterial species.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Rothia nasimurium Y1, including vanA, vanC, vanB, vanE, vanD, vanG, vanF, vanM, vanL, vanO, vanN, mtrA, vanRA, arlR, vanRI, vanRB, vanRC, vanRD, vanRF, vanRG, CpxR, kdpE, vanRM, vanRN, baeR, adeR, vanRL, smeR, gyrA, gyrB, parC, Mfd, mfd, PBP2, PBP2x, EF-Tu, dfrE, pncA, tetB(P), tetQ, tet44, tetT, tetW, tetS, tetM, tetO, otr(A), tet36, tet32, clbC, clbB, clbA, cipA, cfrA, cfrC, sul3, ParY, murA, cls, and ileS, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as glycopeptides, beta-lactams, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, sulfonamides, aminoglycosides, lincosamides, phenicols, macrolides, and others.

The study identified blaTEM, ampC, and ereB as the most prevalent antimicrobial resistance genes in L. monocytogenes isolates from raw fish, with high resistance rates to multiple antibiotics.

The study identified multiple AMR genes in Enterococcus faecalis isolates from rabbit carcasses, including aac(6')-Ie-aph(2")-Ia, ant(6)-Ia, aph(3')-IIIa, ermB, tetM, and tetL, which were consistent with the observed phenotypic resistance patterns.

The study characterizes the vanB operon, vanWB, and vanYB as essential for vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium using a novel TraDIS platform.

The study identified vanA, vanB, and vanC genes in Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus xylosus isolates, indicating the presence of vancomycin resistance mechanisms in wound-infecting bacteria.

The study identified vanA, vanB, and vanC genes in Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus xylosus isolates, indicating the presence of vancomycin resistance mechanisms in wound-infecting bacteria.

The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes, including mecA, vanA, vanB, ermE, tetK, and icaA, in biofilm-producing methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates. These genes were associated with resistance to various antibiotics and biofilm formation.

The study identified mecA as a key gene for methicillin resistance in S. aureus and vanB as a gene responsible for vancomycin resistance in E. faecium. These findings highlight the importance of these genes in the resistance profiles of the ESKAPE pathogens analyzed.

The study identified significant trends in antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns among clinical isolates from hospitals in Tianjin, highlighting the increasing resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae to various antibiotics, including carbapenems, and the notable decline in ceftazidime/avibactam resistance in E. coli. Additionally, it noted the emergence of resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa to several antimicrobials.

The study identified several antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes in a dairy wastewater sample, including beta-lactamases, aminoglycoside acetyltransferases, tetracycline resistance proteins, quinolone resistance proteins, and macrolide ribosome methyltransferases. These genes were found in various bacterial species such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

The study identified the vanB gene as the sole vancomycin resistance determinant in all 54 VREfm isolates, with no significant genetic or phenotypic differences between colonization and infection isolates.

The paper highlights the high prevalence of bovine mastitis in Pakistan, particularly caused by Staphylococcus aureus, and discusses the growing concern of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) due to the frequent and often inappropriate use of antibiotics in mastitis management.

The study developed a multiplex RPA-LFS assay for the rapid and accurate detection of vanA, vanB, and vanM genes in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE). The assay demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity, with 100% concordance with conventional PCR in clinical samples.

The study identified vanA, tetM, ermB, vanB, and tetK as the main antimicrobial resistance genes in Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium isolates from subclinical bovine mastitis milk and cow dung samples.

The vanB and ddl genes were identified as encoding D-alanine:D-lactate and D-alanine:D-alanine ligases, respectively, in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis V583. These genes contribute to glycopeptide resistance mechanisms.

The study characterizes the vanA gene cluster responsible for vancomycin resistance in enterococci, detailing its mechanism of action through the synthesis of D-alanine-D-lactate, which prevents vancomycin from binding to cell wall precursors.

The study identifies Tn5382, a novel transposon containing the vanB gene, which confers vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus faecium. The transposon is linked to the pbp5 gene, which contributes to ampicillin resistance.

The study evaluated the ability of MicroScan PM-8 panels to detect vancomycin resistance (VR) and high-level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) in enterococci, comparing them to reference methods. It identified and validated several AMR genes including vanA, vanB, vanC1, vanC2-3, ANT(6)-I, AAC(6')-Ib, and APH(2")-I.

The study identified vancomycin resistance in Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus paracasei subsp. paracasei, which exhibited MICs of ≥256 μg/ml, while the L. acidophilus group showed susceptibility with MICs ≤2 μg/ml.