Browse AMR Genes
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
D-alanine--D-serine ligase VanC1
Overview
| Allele | Database | Papers | Drug Classes | Organisms | Countries | Years | Sequence Accession | Protein Accession |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| VanC1 | Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogReslit | 26 | VANCOMYCIN, vancomycin | Enterococcus gallinarum +15 | Belgium, France, Germany, south India, India, China, South Africa, Eastern Cape, South Africa, Iran, South Western Nigeria, Egypt, Poland, Portugal, Europe|Asia, South Africa|Poland|Czech Republic|Romania|China|United States|Spain|Germany|France|Canada|Japan|Brazil|India|Croatia|Hungary|Slovenia|Slovakia|Czechia|Austria|Puerto Rico|Switzerland|Nigeria|Norway|Finland|Denmark|Sweden|Italy|South Korea|USA|UK|Australia|New Zealand|Mexico|Russia|Turkey|Egypt|Kenya|Ethiopia|Uganda|Tanzania|Malawi|Zambia|Zimbabwe|Mozambique|Madagascar|Comoros|Mayotte|Réunion|Guadeloupe|Martinique|Saint Martin|Saint Barthélemy|French Guiana|Suriname|Guyana|Argentina|Chile|Peru|Bolivia|Paraguay|Uruguay|Colombia|Venezuela|Ecuador|Costa Rica|Panama|Nicaragua|Honduras|El Salvador|Guatemala|Belize|Alaska|Hawaii|Maine|Massachusetts|New York|California|Texas|Florida|Illinois|Pennsylvania|Ohio|Georgia|North Carolina|Michigan|Virginia|Washington|Arizona|Colorado|Connecticut|Delaware|District of Columbia|Idaho|Indiana|Iowa|Kansas|Kentucky|Louisiana|Maryland|Minnesota|Mississippi|Missouri|Montana|Nebraska|Nevada|New Hampshire|New Jersey|New Mexico|North Dakota|Oklahoma|Oregon|Rhode Island|South Carolina|South Dakota|Tennessee|Utah|Vermont|West Virginia|Wisconsin|Wyoming, Northern Italy, United States | 1992, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2006, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 | EU151768.1 | ABX79437.1 |
| vanC-1 | Reslit | 5 | glycopeptides, vancomycin | Enterococcus gallinarum BM4174 +3 | Europe|North America|Asia, Brazil, France|United Kingdom, Assam, India | 2000, 2004, 2005, 2016, 2023 | AF162694 | - |
| VanC-1 | Reslit | 1 | vancomycin | Enterococcus faecium +1 | South Africa | 2024 | - | - |
Comparison of direct plating and broth enrichment culture for the detection of intestinal colonization by glycopeptide-resistant enterococci among hospitalized patients.
The study identified the presence of glycopeptide-resistant enterococci (GRE) in hospitalized patients, highlighting the importance of broth enrichment culture for better detection. The vanA gene was found in E. faecium and E. faecalis, while vanC1 and vanC2 were found in E. gallinarum and E. casseliflavus, respectively.
Prevalence of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci in Fecal Samples from Hospitalized Patients and Nonhospitalized Controls in a Cattle-Rearing Area of France.
The study identified vanA, vanC1, and vanC2 genes as responsible for vancomycin resistance in enterococci isolated from hospitalized patients and nonhospitalized individuals in a cattle-rearing area of France.
vanC cluster of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus gallinarum BM4174.
The study identifies the vanC cluster in Enterococcus gallinarum BM4174, consisting of vanC-1, vanXY_C, vanT, vanR_C, and vanS_C. The genes vanC-1, vanXY_C, and vanT are necessary and sufficient for vancomycin resistance.
Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms and Molecular Detection Techniques
The paper discusses molecular detection methods for antimicrobial resistance, focusing on genes like mecA and blaZ, which confer resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics in staphylococci.
Sequence of the vanC gene of Enterococcus gallinarum BM4174 encoding a D-alanine:D-alanine ligase-related protein necessary for vancomycin resistance.
Sequence of the vanC gene of Enterococcus gallinarum BM4174 encoding a D-alanine:D-alanine ligase-related protein necessary for vancomycin resistance.
Antimicrobial resistance of Enterococcus sp. isolated from the intestinal tract of patients from a university hospital in Brazil.
The study identified vanC-1 and vanC-2 genes in Enterococcus gallinarum and Enterococcus casseliflavus, which confer resistance to vancomycin. These species showed intrinsic resistance to vancomycin, while other Enterococcus species exhibited varying levels of resistance to other antibiotics.
Transcriptional analysis of the vanC cluster from Enterococcus gallinarum strains with constitutive and inducible vancomycin resistance.
The study characterizes the vanC cluster in Enterococcus gallinarum strains with constitutive and inducible vancomycin resistance, identifying key genes and mutations involved in glycopeptide resistance mechanisms.
Validation of VITEK 2 version 4.01 software for detection, identification, and classification of glycopeptide-resistant enterococci.
The study validated the VITEK 2 version 4.01 software for detecting, identifying, and classifying glycopeptide-resistant enterococci, including the accurate detection of vanA, vanB, vanC1, and vanC2 genotypes.
Enterococcus gallinarum N04-0414 harbors a VanD-type vancomycin resistance operon and does not contain a D-alanine:D-alanine 2 (ddl2) gene.
Fatal meningitis caused by vancomycin-resistant enterococci: report of two cases from south India.
Two cases of enterococcal meningitis caused by vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus species were reported. The strain of E. gallinarum was found to have the vanA and vanC1 resistance genes.
Phenotypic & genotypic characterization of vancomycin resistant Enterococcus isolates from clinical specimens.
The study identified vanA as the most common vancomycin resistance gene in Enterococcus isolates, with 96.87% of VRE isolates carrying this gene. Additionally, a single isolate was found to possess both vanA and vanC1 genes, indicating complex resistance mechanisms.
The first report of the vanC₁ gene in Enterococcus faecium isolated from a human clinical specimen.
The vanC1 gene was identified in a vancomycin-susceptible Enterococcus faecium strain isolated from a human clinical specimen, indicating potential for horizontal gene transfer and challenges in species identification.
Antibiotic susceptibilities of enterococcus species isolated from hospital and domestic wastewater effluents in alice, eastern cape province of South Africa.
The study identified the presence of vancomycin resistance genes (vanB, vanC1, vanC2/3) and the macrolide resistance gene erm(B) in Enterococcus isolates from hospital wastewater and final effluent of a wastewater treatment plant in South Africa.
Virulence and antimicrobial resistance factors of Enterococcusspp. isolated from fecal samples from piggery farms in Eastern Cape, South Africa.
The study identified vancomycin resistance genes (vanB, vanC1, vanC2/3), erythromycin resistance gene (ermB), and streptomycin resistance gene (strA) in Enterococcus spp. isolated from pig fecal samples. High levels of multidrug resistance were observed, with resistance to vancomycin, erythromycin, and streptomycin being particularly prevalent.
Drug resistance in Enterococcus species in a tertiary level hospital in Assam, India.
The study identified vanC-1 gene-mediated intrinsic vancomycin resistance in Enterococcus gallinarum, highlighting the importance of genotypic confirmation for resistance mechanisms.
Colonization Rate and Risk Factors of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci among Patients Received Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Shiraz, Southern Iran.
The study identified vanA, vanB, vanC1, and vanC2/C3 genes in vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus isolates from HSCT patients, highlighting the prevalence of high-level vancomycin resistance in E. faecium and the association of vanA with severe resistance.
SURVEILLANCE FOR VANCOMYCIN RESISTANT ENTEROCOCCI IN A TERTIARY INSTITUTION IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA.
The study identified vanA, vanB, vanC1, and vanC2 genes in Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus isolates, highlighting the presence of glycopeptide resistance mechanisms in a Nigerian tertiary hospital.
Emergence of multidrug resistance and extensive drug resistance among enterococcal clinical isolates in Egypt.
The study identified several AMR genes in enterococcal isolates, including aac(6')-Ie-aph(2'')-Ia, ant(6')-Ia, ermB, msrA/B, tetK, tetL, tetM, vanB, vanC1, and optrA, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as gentamicin, streptomycin, macrolides, lincosamides, tetracyclines, vancomycin, and linezolid.
Prevalence, antibiotic susceptibility and virulence factors of Enterococcus species in racing pigeons (Columba livia f. domestica).
The study identified vancomycin resistance genes vanB, vanC1, and vanC2-C3 in various Enterococcus species isolated from racing pigeons, indicating the presence of vancomycin-resistant enterococci.
Next-Generation Sequencing and MALDI Mass Spectrometry in the Study of Multiresistant Processed Meat Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococci (VRE).
The study identified multiple AMR genes in vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) isolated from processed meat, including vanA, vanC1, erm(B), aac(6')-Ii, aadE, ant(9)-Ia, lsa(E), msr(C), lnu(B), tet(M)+tet(L), dfrG, dfrK, adeC, and efmA, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as vancomycin, erythromycin, tetracycline, aminoglycosides, and trimethoprim.
Complete Genomic Analysis of VRE From a Cattle Feedlot: Focus on 2 Antibiotic Resistance.
The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) isolates from a cattle feedlot, including vanC1, vanC2/C3, vanXY-C, VanR, macA, macB, rlmA (II), erm(A), aac(6')-la, blaEC, tet(A), tet(L), S10p, gyrA, gyrB, msbA, S12p, rpoB, mdfA/cmr, liaF, liaR, liaS, bcrC, mprF, pgsA, ef-G, ef-TU, ddl, alr, kasA, isotRNA, inhA, fabl, murA, folA, and Dfr, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as vancomycin, macrolides, aminoglycosides, β-lactams, tetracyclines, quinolones, and others.
Carvacrol Essential Oil: A Natural Antibiotic against Zoonotic Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus Species Isolated from Diseased Livestock and Humans.
The study identified the presence of mecA, vanC1, and ermC resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus isolates from livestock and human samples, highlighting the effectiveness of carvacrol essential oil in reducing resistance gene expression.
Distinguishing Clinical Enterococcus faecium Strains and Resistance to Vancomycin Using a Simple In-House Screening Test.
The study developed an in-house VREfm screening broth that effectively distinguishes vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) from other enterococci. The screening broth was validated using multiplex PCR and broth microdilution, identifying vanA, vanB, vanC1, and vanC2/C3 genes as responsible for vancomycin resistance.
Wastewater treatment plants, an "escape gate" for ESCAPE pathogens.
The study identifies several AMR genes and mutations in various pathogens found in wastewater treatment plants, highlighting the role of these facilities as reservoirs for antibiotic-resistant bacteria and genes.
Genome analysis of multidrug resistant Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis circulating among hospitalized patients in uMgungundlovu District, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.
The study identified multiple AMR genes including VanC-1, VanG, Vex2, Vex3, emeA, Isa, ermB, TetM, fosB, ParC, ParE, gyrA, gyrB, MATE, MFS, and pmrA in multidrug-resistant Enterococcus faecium and Enterococcus faecalis. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as vancomycin, tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, and moxifloxacin.
Wild Birds as Drivers of Salmonella Braenderup and Multidrug Resistant Bacteria in Wetlands of Northern Italy.
The study identifies several AMR genes in bacterial isolates from wild aquatic birds in Northern Italy, including beta-lactamases (blaTEM, blaCMY-1, blaCMY-2, blaNDM, blaKPC), colistin resistance genes (mcr-2, mcr-3, mcr-4), tetracycline resistance genes (tetA, tetB, tetC, tetL, tetM, tetK), macrolide resistance genes (ermB, vatD, vgA, msrC), vancomycin resistance genes (vanC1, vanC2, vanM, vanG), sulfonamide resistance genes (sul1, sul2, sul3), aminoglycoside resistance genes (aac(3), aac(6')-Ib, aph(3')-Ia, armA, rmtB, rmtC, rmtF), and nitrofurantoin resistance genes (nfsA, nfsB).
Use of molecular and reference susceptibility testing methods in a multicenter evaluation of MicroScan dried overnight gram-positive MIC panels for detection of vancomycin and high-level aminoglycoside resistances in enterococci.
The study evaluated the ability of MicroScan PM-8 panels to detect vancomycin resistance (VR) and high-level aminoglycoside resistance (HLAR) in enterococci, comparing them to reference methods. It identified and validated several AMR genes including vanA, vanB, vanC1, vanC2-3, ANT(6)-I, AAC(6')-Ib, and APH(2")-I.
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