Browse AMR Genes
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
vga-type ABC-F protein
Overview
| Protein Change | Nucleotide Change | Mechanism | Organism | Resistance To | Database | Validation Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| L212S | - | - | Staphylococcus aureus | lincosamides|pleuromutilins | Reslit | Candidate |
| G219V | - | - | Staphylococcus aureus | streptogramin a|lincosamides | Reslit | Candidate |
| A220T | - | - | Staphylococcus aureus | lincosamides|pleuromutilins | Reslit | Candidate |
| G226S | - | - | Staphylococcus aureus | lincosamides|pleuromutilins | Reslit | Candidate |
| K218T | - | - | Staphylococcus aureus | lincosamides|pleuromutilins|streptogramin a | Reslit | Candidate |
| Allele | Database | Papers | Drug Classes | Organisms | Countries | Years | Sequence Accession | Protein Accession |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| vgaA | Card DatabaseReslit | 18 | pleuromutilins, lincosamides +11 | Staphylococcus aureus +16 | France|Portugal|Ireland|United States, France, Germany, Australia, East London|West London, Europe|Southern and Western Ireland, Italy, Serbia, Portugal, Northeast Atlantic Ocean, Egypt, Spain|Portugal|Germany|UK|Switzerland|Thailand|Italy, Canterbury, New Zealand | 2008, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024 | M90056.1 | AAA26684.1 |
| vga | Reslit | 4 | streptogramin a, lincosamides +1 | Staphylococcus aureus +4 | France, Canada|United States, Europe | 1999, 2023, 2025 | MEG_2378|MEG_2430|MEG_2435|MEG_4750 | - |
| Vga(A) | Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogResFinder DatabaseReslit | 37 | streptogramin a, VIRGINIAMYCIN M +16 | Staphylococcus aureus +15 | Spain, France, China, Italy, Germany|Egypt|Brazil|Chile|Vietnam|Russia|Belarus|Thailand, global, La Rioja region, Northern Spain|Spain, Germany, Northern Province|Kigali District, Europe|United States|Asia, Global, Egypt, La Rioja, Spain, Europe | 2000, 2005, 2006, 2010, 2011, 2013, 2015, 2016, 2019, 2020, 2021, 2022, 2023, 2024, 2025 | AF186237 | AAG08983.1 |
| vga(A) | ResFinder Database | 1 | CLINDAMYCIN, LINCOMYCIN +4 | Staphylococcus aureus | - | 1992 | M90056, FN546261, JQ312422 | - |
| Vga(A)-LC | Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogResFinder Database | 3 | VIRGINIAMYCIN M, CLINDAMYCIN +5 | Staphylococcus haemolyticus | - | 2006 | DQ823382.1 | ABH10964.1 |
| vga(A)LC | ResFinder Database | 1 | CLINDAMYCIN, LINCOMYCIN +4 | Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus epidermidis | - | 2010 | FN806791, GQ891882, DQ823382, JQ312423 | - |
| vga(A)V | ResFinder Database | 1 | CLINDAMYCIN, LINCOMYCIN +4 | Staphylococcus aureus | - | 2013 | AF186237 | - |
Distribution of genes encoding resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins among staphylococci.
The study identified and characterized various AMR genes, including ermA, ermC, msrA, linA/linA′, vga, vgb, and vat, which confer resistance to macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramins in staphylococci.
Characterization of a Variant of vga(A) Conferring Resistance to Streptogramin A and Related Compounds.
A variant of the vga(A) gene was identified and characterized, which confers resistance to streptogramin A and related antibiotics in Staphylococcus aureus.
Characterization of a variant of vga(A) conferring resistance to streptogramin A and related compounds.
Characterization of a variant of vga(A) conferring resistance to streptogramin A and related compounds.
Molecular analysis of resistance to streptogramin A compounds conferred by the Vga proteins of staphylococci.
The study identifies and characterizes the Vga proteins, including vga(A), vga(A)v, vga(B), and Lmo0919, as conferring resistance to streptogramin A (SGA) and lincosamides in staphylococci. It also shows that vga(B) increases resistance to pristinamycin, a combination of SGA and SGB.
Activity of a new oral streptogramin, XRP2868, against gram-positive cocci harboring various mechanisms of resistance to streptogramins.
The study identified several AMR genes including erm(A), erm(C), erm(B), vat(D), vgb(A), and vga(A) that confer resistance to streptogramins. Mutations in the rplV gene, encoding ribosomal protein L22, also contributed to resistance against streptogramin B.
Sequence of a staphylococcal plasmid gene, vga, encoding a putative ATP-binding protein involved in resistance to virginiamycin A-like antibiotics., Plasmid-borne vga(A)-encoding gene in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 recovered from swine and a swine farmer in the United States., Resistance Genes Underlying the LS(A) Phenotype of Staphylococcal Isolates from France.
A new evolutionary variant of the streptogramin A resistance protein, Vga(A)LC, from Staphylococcus haemolyticus with shifted substrate specificity towards lincosamides.
A new evolutionary variant of the streptogramin A resistance protein, Vga(A)LC, from Staphylococcus haemolyticus with shifted substrate specificity towards lincosamides.
A new evolutionary variant of the streptogramin A resistance protein, Vga(A)LC, from Staphylococcus haemolyticus with shifted substrate specificity towards lincosamides.
Genetic characterization of Vga ABC proteins conferring reduced susceptibility to pleuromutilins in Staphylococcus aureus.
The study identifies VgaAv and VgaA as ABC transporter proteins that confer reduced susceptibility to pleuromutilins, lincosamides, and streptogramin A in Staphylococcus aureus.
Small plasmids carrying vga(A) or vga(C) genes mediate resistance to lincosamides, pleuromutilins and streptogramin A antibiotics in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 from swine.
Small plasmids carrying vga(A) or vga(C) genes mediate resistance to lincosamides, pleuromutilins and streptogramin A antibiotics in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 from swine.
Small plasmids carrying vga(A) or vga(C) genes mediate resistance to lincosamides, pleuromutilins and streptogramin A antibiotics in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 from swine., Two paediatric cases of skin and soft-tissue infections due to clindamycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying a plasmid-encoded vga(A) allelic variant for a putative efflux pump., A new evolutionary variant of the streptogramin A resistance protein, Vga(A)LC, from Staphylococcus haemolyticus with shifted substrate specificity towards lincosamides., Resistance Genes Underlying the LS(A) Phenotype of Staphylococcal Isolates from France.
Empyema caused by MRSA ST398 with atypical resistance profile, Spain.
The study reports MRSA ST398 isolates with resistance to beta-lactams, tetracycline, clindamycin, ciprofloxacin, and levofloxacin, carrying mecA, tetK, tetM, and vga(A) genes, along with gyrA(S84L) and parC(S80F) mutations.
Two paediatric cases of skin and soft-tissue infections due to clindamycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying a plasmid-encoded vga(A) allelic variant for a putative efflux pump.
Two paediatric cases of skin and soft-tissue infections due to clindamycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carrying a plasmid-encoded vga(A) allelic variant for a putative efflux pump.
Plasmid-borne vga(A)-encoding gene in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 recovered from swine and a swine farmer in the United States.
Plasmid-borne vga(A)-encoding gene in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST398 recovered from swine and a swine farmer in the United States.
Resistance Genes Underlying the LS(A) Phenotype of Staphylococcal Isolates from France.
The study identifies vga(A) and its variants, particularly vga(A)v, as the primary genes responsible for the LS(A) phenotype in staphylococcal isolates from France, with vga(A)v being the most prevalent. The Tn5406 transposon was found to support the dissemination of vga(A)v.
Resistance Genes Underlying the LS(A) Phenotype of Staphylococcal Isolates from France.
Resistance Genes Underlying the LS(A) Phenotype of Staphylococcal Isolates from France.
Resistance Genes Underlying the LS(A) Phenotype of Staphylococcal Isolates from France.
Resistance Genes Underlying the LS(A) Phenotype of Staphylococcal Isolates from France.
Resistance Genes Underlying the LS(A) Phenotype of Staphylococcal Isolates from France.
Detailed mutational analysis of Vga(A) interdomain linker: implication for antibiotic resistance specificity and mechanism.
Macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin resistance phenotypes and genotypes of coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates from bovine mastitis.
The study identified various MLS resistance genes, including erm(C), mph(C), erm(B), ere(A), vga(A), lnu(A), and msr(A)/msr(B), in Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci isolates from bovine mastitis, highlighting a high prevalence of inducible MLS resistance.
A Livestock-Associated, Multidrug-Resistant, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Clonal Complex 97 Lineage Spreading in Dairy Cattle and Pigs in Italy.
The study identifies multiple AMR genes in CC97 MRSA isolates from Italian dairy cattle and pigs, including erm(B), erm(C), vga(A), tet(K), tet(M), blaZ, and aacA-aphD, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as erythromycin, clindamycin, tiamulin, tetracycline, penicillin, and aminoglycosides.
ABC-F Proteins Mediate Antibiotic Resistance through Ribosomal Protection.
The study identifies vga(A), lsa(A), and cfr as genes that confer resistance to various antibiotics targeting the ribosome, with evidence supporting a ribosomal protection mechanism rather than efflux.
Comparative genomics of Clostridium bolteae and Clostridium clostridioforme reveals species-specific genomic properties and numerous putative antibiotic resistance determinants.
The study identified numerous antibiotic resistance genes in Clostridium bolteae and Clostridium clostridioforme, including beta-lactamases, glycopeptide resistance operons, macrolide and lincosamide resistance genes, and efflux pumps. Notably, C. bolteae 90B3 exhibited resistance to linezolid, chloramphenicol, florfenicol, and tiamulin due to the presence of the 23S rRNA methyltransferase gene cfr. Additionally, C. clostridioforme 90A8 possessed a VanB-type operon conferring vancomycin resistance.
Variety of Antimicrobial Resistances and Virulence Factors in Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Meat Products Legally and Illegally Introduced to Germany.
The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from meat products, including resistance to β-lactams, macrolides, aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, and others.
Characterization of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Healthy Turkeys and Broilers Using DNA Microarrays.
The study identified several AMR genes in MRSA isolates from healthy turkeys and broilers, including ermA, ermB, ermC, tetK, tetM, lnuA, mphC, vgaA, aadD, aphA3, blaZ, blaI, blaR, and mecA. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as erythromycin, clindamycin, tetracycline, lincomycin, macrolides, streptogramins, tobramycin, neomycin, kanamycin, and beta-lactam antibiotics.
Transmission of highly virulent community-associated MRSA ST93 and livestock-associated MRSA ST398 between humans and pigs in Australia.
The study identified the presence of CA-MRSA ST93-IV and LA-MRSA ST398-V in Australian pigs, farm workers, and the environment. It also reported the first linezolid-resistant MRSA isolate in Australia. Resistance mechanisms included genes such as blaZ, ermC, fexA, tetK, tetL, vgaA, lnuB, aadD, aadE, and cfr.
Antibiotic resistance ABCF proteins reset the peptidyl transferase centre of the ribosome to counter translational arrest.
The study identifies VgaA and LsaA as ABCF proteins that confer resistance to lincosamide antibiotics by protecting the ribosomal peptidyl transferase centre (PTC) from inhibition. VgaA and LsaA require NTP hydrolysis for their function and the extended inter-ABC linker region is critical for their activity.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococci of Animal Origin
The paper discusses various antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in staphylococci of animal origin, highlighting their roles in resistance to multiple antibiotics such as macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, oxazolidinones, and others. Key genes include erm, msr, mph, ere, lnu, vga, cfr, optrA, dfr, fus, ileS2, blaZ, aadD, ble, fosD, fosB, czrC, and qac genes, which confer resistance to specific antibiotics and are prevalent in different staphylococcal species.
Low Prevalence of Gram-Positive Isolates Showing Elevated Lefamulin MIC Results during the SENTRY Surveillance Program for 2015-2016 and Characterization of Resistance Mechanisms.
Clonally Diverse Methicillin and Multidrug Resistant Coagulase Negative Staphylococci Are Ubiquitous and Pose Transfer Ability Between Pets and Their Owners.
The study identifies various AMR genes such as erm(A), erm(C), mupA, vga(A), and lnu(A) in methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) from humans and pets, highlighting the prevalence of multidrug resistance and potential for interspecies transmission.
Whole genome sequencing revealed new molecular characteristics in multidrug resistant staphylococci recovered from high frequency touched surfaces in London.
The study identified several AMR genes in multidrug-resistant staphylococci from high-frequency touched surfaces in London, including blaZ, qacA/B, dfrC, norA, ant(4')-Ib, AAC(6')-Ie-APH(2")-Ia, fusB, msrA, ermC, mphC, tetK, mupA, cat, dfrG, lnuA, fusC, aph3-IIIa, sat4A, vgaA, and others. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as penicillin, fusidic acid, mupirocin, tetracycline, erythromycin, and chloramphenicol.
Characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from broiler farms in Germany are rather lineage- than source-specific.
The study identified multiple AMR genes in MRSA isolates from German broiler farms, including tet(K), tet(L), tet(M), erm(B), vga(A), dfrK, spc, and cat(pC221), which confer resistance to tetracycline, MLS B antibiotics, tiamulin, trimethoprim, spectinomycin, and chloramphenicol, respectively.
Characterization of Antibiotic and Biocide Resistance Genes and Virulence Factors of Staphylococcus Species Associated with Bovine Mastitis in Rwanda.
The study identified several antibiotic and biocide resistance genes in Staphylococcus species associated with bovine mastitis in Rwanda, including blaZ, tet(K), erm(C), vga(A), sal(A), lnu(A), msr(A), dfrA, dfrD, dfrG, smr, qacAB, cadD, copB, and arsA. These genes conferred resistance to various antibiotics such as penicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, clindamycin, trimethoprim, and biocides like quaternary ammonium compounds.
Functional metagenomics reveals antibiotic resistance determinants in dairy-associated microbial communities
The study identified several antibiotic resistance (AR) determinants in dairy products and processing environments, including genes conferring resistance to beta-lactams, tetracyclines, glycopeptides, macrolides, and streptogramins. Notably, Lactococcus lactis was found to be a significant reservoir of multidrug-resistant genes.
Ribosome-Mediated Attenuation of vga(A) Expression Is Shaped by the Antibiotic Resistance Specificity of Vga(A) Protein Variants.
The study identifies vga(A) variants in Staphylococcus haemolyticus that confer resistance to lincosamides, streptogramin A, and pleuromutilins. The expression of vga(A) is regulated by ribosome-mediated attenuation, and the resistance specificity of Vga(A) protein variants influences the induction of vga(A) expression.
Genomic and Long-Term Transcriptomic Imprints Related to the Daptomycin Mechanism of Action Occurring in Daptomycin- and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Under Daptomycin Exposure.
The study identified various AMR genes and mutations associated with daptomycin resistance in MRSA strains, including genes such as aac(6')-Ib, blaZ, mecA, ermC, fexB, tetM, tet38, dfrC, fosD, and vgaA, as well as mutations in mprF, rpoB, grlA, grlB, and gyrA.
Genomic Characteristics of Colistin-Resistant Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Infantis from Poultry Farms in the Republic of Serbia.
The study identified the fosfomycin resistance gene fosA7 and the vgaA gene in Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Infantis isolates from poultry farms in Serbia. Mutations in the pmrB gene were associated with colistin resistance.
Antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors in livestock-associated MRSA from German dairy farms
The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in livestock-associated MRSA from German dairy farms, including mecA, fexA, tet(K), tet(M), vga(A), vga(E), dfrG, dfrK, aac(6')Ie-aph(2")Ia, str, spc, lsa(E), and erm(A). These genes conferred resistance to beta-lactams, chloramphenicol, tetracyclines, pleuromutilins, trimethoprim, aminoglycosides, streptomycin, spectinomycin, macrolides, lincosamides, and streptogramin B.
Ribosome Protection Proteins-'New' Players in the Global Arms Race with Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens.
The paper discusses ribosome protection proteins (RPPs) as significant contributors to antibiotic resistance, particularly against tetracyclines, fusidic acid, and various other antibiotics targeting the ribosome. Key RPPs include TetM, TetO, FusB, VgaA, LsaA, MsrE, MsrA, optrA, and poxtA, which confer resistance through mechanisms involving direct interaction with the ribosome and displacement of antibiotics.
Ribosome Protection Proteins-'New' Players in the Global Arms Race with Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens.
The paper discusses ribosome protection proteins (RPPs) as significant contributors to antibiotic resistance, particularly against tetracyclines, fusidic acid, and various other antibiotics targeting the ribosome. Key RPPs include TetM, TetO, FusB, VgaA, LsaA, MsrE, MsrA, optrA, and poxtA, which confer resistance through mechanisms involving direct interaction with the ribosome and displacement of antibiotics.
Maximum levels of cross-contamination for 24 antimicrobial active substances in non-target feed. Part 8: Pleuromutilins: tiamulin and valnemulin.
The paper discusses resistance mechanisms to pleuromutilins, including tiamulin and valnemulin, highlighting chromosomal mutations in 23S rRNA and rplC genes, as well as transferable resistance genes like vga(A), cfr, and lsa(E).
S. algae as a reservoir and a vehicle of potential antimicrobial resistance
The study identified multiple antimicrobial resistance genes in S. algae strains, including genes conferring resistance to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, quinolones, phenicols, macrolides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, and lincosamides.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Clonal Lineages of Staphylococcus aureus from Cattle, Their Handlers, and Their Surroundings: A Cross-Sectional Study from the One Health Perspective.
The study identified various antimicrobial resistance genes in Staphylococcus aureus isolates from cattle, farm workers, and their environment, highlighting the potential for transmission between hosts and the need for monitoring AMR in One Health contexts.
Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus.
The paper discusses the molecular mechanisms of drug resistance in Staphylococcus aureus, focusing on beta-lactam, glycopeptide, oxazolidinone, MLS-B, aminoglycoside, and other resistance mechanisms. Key genes identified include blaZ, mecA, mecC, vanA, cfr, ermA, ermC, aac(6')-Ib, aph(3')-IIIa, and aadD. Mutations in pbp2 and pbp2a were also found to contribute to resistance.
Phenotypic and Genotypic Virulence Characterisation of Staphylococcus pettenkoferi Strains Isolated from Human Bloodstream and Diabetic Foot Infections.
The study characterizes several AMR genes and mutations in Staphylococcus pettenkoferi strains, including blaZ, mecA, ant(9)-Ia, tet(K), ermA, vgaA, and fosB, as well as mutations in rpoB, gyrA, glrA, and grlB.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Feedlot Cattle: Resistome Composition and Associations with Antimicrobial Drug Exposures
The study identified several AMR genes in fecal samples from beef feedlot cattle, including genes conferring resistance to tetracycline, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS), aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, and others. These genes were detected using target-enriched metagenomic sequencing.
Farming Practice Influences Antimicrobial Resistance Burden of Non-Aureus Staphylococci in Pig Husbandries.
The study found that organic and alternative pig farming practices are associated with reduced antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in non-aureus staphylococci (NAS) compared to conventional farming. Specific AMR genes such as mecA, blaZ, blaPC1, and others were more prevalent in conventional farms, while organic farms showed lower levels of AMR genes for aminoglycosides, phenicols, and tetracyclines.
Progress in the Prevalence, Classification and Drug Resistance Mechanisms of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
The paper reviews the prevalence, classification, and drug resistance mechanisms of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), focusing on the roles of mecA, mecC, and vanA genes in conferring resistance to beta-lactam and glycopeptide antibiotics.
Biotransformation-coupled mutasynthesis for the generation of novel pristinamycin derivatives by engineering the phenylglycine residue.
The study reports the successful mutasynthesis of pristinamycin I derivatives by targeting the phenylglycine residue, highlighting the role of pglA and snaE1 in pristinamycin biosynthesis.
Antibiotic Resistance Genes, Virulence Factors, and Biofilm Formation in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcus spp. Isolates from European Hakes (Merluccius merluccius, L.) Caught in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean.
The study identifies multiple antibiotic resistance genes in coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolated from European hakes, including blaZ, mphC, msr(A/B), lnuA, vgaA, fusB, and dfrA, which confer resistance to penicillin, macrolides/lincosamides, fusidic acid, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. These CoNS isolates also carry virulence factors such as scn and hla.
Resistome, mobilome, and virulome explored in clinical isolates derived from acne patients in Egypt: unveiling unique traits of an emerging coagulase-negative Staphylococcus pathogen.
The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolates from acne patients in Egypt, including blaZ, mecA, tet(K), erm(C), lnuA, vgaA, dfrC, fusB, fosBx1, norA, and vanT. These genes were found to be located on plasmids and chromosomes, indicating a multidrug-resistant profile.
Resistome, mobilome, and virulome explored in clinical isolates derived from acne patients in Egypt: unveiling unique traits of an emerging coagulase-negative Staphylococcus pathogen.
The study identified multiple antibiotic resistance genes in coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) isolates from acne patients in Egypt, including blaZ, mecA, tet(K), erm(C), lnuA, vgaA, dfrC, fusB, fosBx1, norA, and vanT. These genes were found to be located on plasmids and chromosomes, indicating a multidrug-resistant profile.
Genetic Diversification and Resistome of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci from Nostrils of Healthy Dogs and Dog-Owners in La Rioja, Spain.
The study identified various AMR genes including blaZ, mecA, erm(A), erm(C), erm(T), mph(C), msr(A), vga(A), lsaB, ant4′, aac6′-aph2″, tet(K), tet(M), dfrA, dfrG, catPC221, and mupA in CoNS isolates from healthy dogs and dog-owners. Additionally, a linezolid-resistant S. epidermidis isolate was found to have multiple amino acid substitutions in 50S ribosomal proteins L3 and L4.
Antimicrobial Resistance in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci: Resistome, Mobiloome, and Relatedness
The study identifies multiple AMR genes and mutations in CoNS isolates from various hosts, highlighting the spread of multidrug resistance and the role of mobile genetic elements in the dissemination of resistance traits.
Zoonotic transmission of asymptomatic carriage Staphylococcus aureus on dairy farms in Canterbury, New Zealand.
The study identified a bovine isolate carrying the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase gene blaTEM-116, highlighting concerns about antimicrobial resistance in dairy farm environments. Multiple antimicrobial resistance genes were detected in both bovine and human isolates, including genes conferring resistance to tetracyclines, penicillins, fosfomycin, and aminoglycosides.
The prevalence of multidrug resistance in Staphylococcus hominis isolated from clinical materials.
The study identified several AMR genes in Staphylococcus hominis, including erm(C), tetK, acc(6')-Ie aph(2''), aph(3')-IIIa, ant(4')-Ia, msr(B), mph(C), lnu(A), and vga, which confer resistance to various antibiotics such as macrolides, lincosamides, streptogramins, tetracyclines, and aminoglycosides. The majority of the strains exhibited multidrug resistance.
Phylogenomic associations among methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates derived from pets, dairies, and humans.
The study identified several AMR genes in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates from pets, dairies, and humans, including mecA, tet(M), tet(K), erm(C), erm(A), mph(C), msr(A), blaR1, blaZ, blaI_of_Z, blaPC1, vga(A), fosB-Saur, sat4, bleO, ant(9)-Ia, aph(2'')-Ih, aph(3')-IIIa, and ant(4')-Ia. These genes confer resistance to various antibiotics such as methicillin, tetracycline, erythromycin, macrolides, lincomycin, fosfomycin, streptothricin, bleomycin, spectinomycin, amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin, tobramycin, and others.
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