Browse AMR Genes
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
Explore antimicrobial resistance genes from the literature
Transcriptional regulator
Overview
| Protein Change | Nucleotide Change | Mechanism | Organism | Resistance To | Database | Validation Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| G25A | - | TetR/AcrR family transcriptional regulator RamR | Salmonella enterica | ciprofloxacinampicillin|phenicols|fluoroquinolones|rifampicin|tetracycline | ReslitReference Gene Catalog | Candidate |
| T50P | - | TetR/AcrR family transcriptional regulator RamR | Salmonella enterica | ciprofloxacinampicillin|phenicols|fluoroquinolones|rifampicin|tetracycline | ReslitReference Gene Catalog | Candidate |
| A19V | TetR/AcrR family transcriptional regulator RamR | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecyclinetetracycline|phenicols|fluoroquinolones|trimethoprim | ReslitResFinder DatabaseReference Gene Catalog | Candidate | |
| T18P | - | TetR/AcrR family transcriptional regulator RamR | Salmonella enterica | tigecyclineampicillin|phenicols|fluoroquinolones|rifampicin|tetracycline | ReslitReference Gene Catalog | Candidate |
| R107C | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| Y59* | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| Q122* | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | ReslitResFinder Database | Candidate |
| 323insS | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| K63M | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| I141T | - | no significant impact on RamR's function or DNA-binding affinity | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecyclineeravacycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| E24R | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| S215P | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| Y114F | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecyclineeravacycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| V165I | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecyclineeravacycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| E200V | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| A34V | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| L58P | - | disrupt the binding affinity of RamR to the ramA promoter | Klebsiella pneumoniae | eravacycline|tetracycline|tigecycline|minocycline|levofloxacin|ceftazidime|cefepime|cefoxitin|imipenem|meropenem|piperacillin tazobactam|ceftolozane tazobactam|aztreonam|colistin|ertapenem|ampicillin sulbactam|imipenem relebactam | Reslit | Candidate |
| F165L | - | disrupt the binding affinity of RamR to the ramA promoter | Klebsiella pneumoniae | eravacycline|tetracycline|tigecycline|minocycline|levofloxacin|ceftazidime|cefepime|cefoxitin|imipenem|meropenem|piperacillin tazobactam|ceftolozane tazobactam|aztreonam|colistin|ertapenem|ampicillin sulbactam|imipenem relebactam | Reslit | Candidate |
| H127R | - | - | Salmonella typhimurium | ciprofloxacin | Reslit | Candidate |
| G152D | - | - | - | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| A37T | - | - | - | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| M1V | - | - | - | carbapenemscarbapenems|colistin | Reslit | Candidate |
| A580T | - | negative regulator of RamA, itself a transcriptional activator of the acrAB genes | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tetracycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| P116L | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | fluoroquinolones|tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| T580A | - | overexpression of acrB and ramA | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| S29L | - | - | - | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| G25S | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| S157P | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| A17T | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli | polymyxins|tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| 637-719del | - | - | Salmonella enterica | nalidixic acid|phenicols|tetracycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| M184V | - | - | - | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| Y59C | - | - | - | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| A28T | - | - | - | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| R13W | - | - | - | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| S82G | - | - | - | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| C139T | - | - | - | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| L154R | - | - | - | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| R13Q | - | - | - | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| L76Q | - | - | - | ceftriaxone|doxycycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| S64L | - | - | - | ceftriaxone|doxycycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| R61S | - | - | - | ceftriaxone|doxycycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| G81C | - | - | - | ceftriaxone|doxycycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| A40V | - | - | - | ceftriaxone|doxycycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| L35R | - | - | - | ceftriaxone|doxycycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| C148R | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | eravacycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| R120P | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | eravacycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| H186N | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | eravacycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| T119P | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | eravacycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| I106F | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | eravacycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| M109R | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | eravacycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| R35S | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | eravacycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| I106L | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | eravacycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| A159E | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | eravacycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| A20V | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | eravacycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| A22P | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | eravacycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| 1-38del | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | polymyxins | Reslit | Candidate |
| G96D | - | increased efflux activity | Salmonella enterica | tetracycline|ampicillin|phenicols|nalidixic acid | Reslit | Candidate |
| T124P | - | loss-of-function | Klebsiella pneumoniae | fluoroquinolones | Reslit | Candidate |
| G45S | - | - | - | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| G310S | - | - | - | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| Y333C | - | - | - | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| S369G | - | - | - | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate |
| Y59H | - | TetR/AcrR family transcriptional regulator RamR | Salmonella enterica | tetracyclineampicillin|phenicols|fluoroquinolones|rifampicin|tetracycline | ReslitReference Gene Catalog | Candidate |
| V1W | - | - | - | tigecycline|phenicols|temocillin | Reslit | Candidate |
| A2H | - | - | - | tigecycline|phenicols|temocillin | Reslit | Candidate |
| R3V | - | - | - | tigecycline|phenicols|temocillin | Reslit | Candidate |
| P4R | - | - | - | tigecycline|phenicols|temocillin | Reslit | Candidate |
| K5R | - | - | - | tigecycline|phenicols|temocillin | Reslit | Candidate |
| S6V | - | - | - | tigecycline|phenicols|temocillin | Reslit | Candidate |
| E7K | - | - | - | tigecycline|phenicols|temocillin | Reslit | Candidate |
| D8I | - | - | - | tigecycline|phenicols|temocillin | Reslit | Candidate |
| F155L | - | - | - | tigecycline|phenicols|temocillin | Reslit | Candidate |
| V39A | - | - | - | tigecycline|phenicols|temocillin | Reslit | Candidate |
| Y92N | - | - | - | tigecycline|phenicols|temocillin | Reslit | Candidate |
| Y47N | - | - | - | tigecycline|phenicols|temocillin | Reslit | Candidate |
| W89R | - | - | - | tigecycline|phenicols|temocillin | Reslit | Candidate |
| L154Q | - | - | - | tigecycline|phenicols|temocillin | Reslit | Candidate |
| L44R | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | ResFinder Database | Candidate |
| H103Q | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | ResFinder Database | Candidate |
| L111R | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | ResFinder Database | Candidate |
| E113K | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | ResFinder Database | Candidate |
| Q135* | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | ResFinder Database | Candidate |
| L156V | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | ResFinder Database | Candidate |
| E175D | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | ResFinder Database | Candidate |
| I177T | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | ResFinder Database | Candidate |
| A178D | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | ResFinder Database | Candidate |
| F181* | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | ResFinder Database | Candidate |
| E190* | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | ResFinder Database | Candidate |
| A193S | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | ResFinder Database | Candidate |
| *195K | - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | ResFinder Database | Candidate |
| K5E | - | TetR/AcrR family transcriptional regulator RamR | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | Reference Gene Catalog | Candidate |
| A16D | - | TetR/AcrR family transcriptional regulator RamR | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | Reference Gene Catalog | Candidate |
| T43M | - | TetR/AcrR family transcriptional regulator RamR | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | Reference Gene Catalog | Candidate |
| I88N | - | TetR/AcrR family transcriptional regulator RamR | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | Reference Gene Catalog | Candidate |
| D152Y | - | TetR/AcrR family transcriptional regulator RamR | Klebsiella pneumoniae | phenicols|quinolones|temocillin|tigecycline | Reference Gene Catalog | Candidate |
| T162I | - | TetR/AcrR family transcriptional regulator RamR | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | Reference Gene Catalog | Candidate |
| A183D | - | TetR/AcrR family transcriptional regulator RamR | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | Reference Gene Catalog | Candidate |
| R46P | - | TetR/AcrR family transcriptional regulator RamR | Salmonella enterica | ampicillin|phenicols|fluoroquinolones|rifampicin|tetracycline | Reference Gene Catalog | Candidate |
| M84I | - | TetR/AcrR family transcriptional regulator RamR | Salmonella enterica | ampicillin|phenicols|fluoroquinolones|rifampicin|tetracycline | Reference Gene Catalog | Candidate |
| E160D | - | TetR/AcrR family transcriptional regulator RamR | Salmonella enterica | ampicillin|phenicols|fluoroquinolones|rifampicin|tetracycline | Reference Gene Catalog | Candidate |
| - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate | |
| R44fs | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | ceftazidime avibactam|meropenem vaborbactam | Reslit | Candidate | |
| - | reducing its ability to inhibit the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate | |
| - | - | - | ciprofloxacin|tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate | |
| - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate | |
| - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate | |
| - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate | |
| - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate | |
| - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate | |
| - | - | - | tigecycline|phenicols|temocillin | Reslit | Candidate | |
| - | - | - | tigecycline|phenicols|temocillin | Reslit | Candidate | |
| C122* | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate | |
| - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline|quinolones | Reslit | Candidate | |
| - | - | - | tigecycline|phenicols|temocillin | Reslit | Candidate | |
| - | - | - | tigecycline|phenicols|temocillin | Reslit | Candidate | |
| - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate | |
| - | - | Enterobacter cloacae | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate | |
| - | - | - | ciprofloxacin|tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate | |
| - | - | - | tigecycline|phenicols|temocillin | Reslit | Candidate | |
| - | - | Klebsiella pneumoniae | tigecycline | Reslit | Candidate |
Multiple regulatory pathways associated with high-level ciprofloxacin and multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis: involvement of ramA and other global regulators.
Mutation in 5408-cip.
The TCA cycle is not required for selection or survival of multidrug-resistant Salmonella.
mutation in ramR confers multidrug resistance
Mechanisms of tigecycline resistance among Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates.
ramR
Efflux Pump Overexpression Contributes to Tigecycline Heteroresistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
mutation in ramR leads to overexpression of ramA and acrAB
Molecular characterization of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and emergence of tigecycline non-susceptible strains in the Henan province in China: a multicenter study.
Mutations in ramR are associated with tigecycline resistance
Characterization of Tigecycline Resistance Among Tigecycline Non-susceptible Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates From Humans, Food-Producing Animals, and in vitro Selection Assay.
The investigation of molecular epidemiological characteristics and resistance mechanism of tigecycline resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from a large teaching hospital in southwest China, Chongqing.
Dual role of ramR mutation in enhancing immune activation and elevating eravacycline resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae.
mutations in ramR lead to upregulation of efflux pumps
Repression of invasion genes and decreased invasion in a high-level fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella typhimurium mutant.
Loss-of-function mutation leading to overexpression of AcrAB-TolC efflux pump
Resistance evolution of hypervirulent carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11 during treatment with tigecycline and polymyxin.
Concurrent Resistance to Carbapenem and Colistin Among Enterobacteriaceae Recovered From Human and Animal Sources in Nigeria Is Associated With Multiple Genetic Mechanisms.
Genomic evolution of the globally disseminated multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clonal group 147.
Mutation in ramR leads to increased resistance to tetracyclines.
The Microbiological Characteristics and Genomic Surveillance of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Clinical Samples.
Heteroresistance is associated with mutations during low concentration of tigecycline therapy in multiple-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Fitness costs and stability of a high-level ciprofloxacin resistance phenotype in Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis: reduced infectivity associated with decreased expression of Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 genes.
In-vivo loss of carbapenem resistance by extensively drug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae during treatment via porin expression modification.
T580A mutation in ramR leads to overexpression of acrB and ramA, contributing to resistance to tigecycline.
Molecular Analysis and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Tigecycline-Non-Susceptible K. pneumoniae Isolated from a Tertiary Care Hospital of East Asia.
Genomic Insights into Colistin and Tigecycline Resistance in ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Harboring bla(KPC) Genes in Ecuador.
Clonal transmission and species-specific mechanisms of polymyxin resistance in carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae from Southwest China.
Mutation in RamR contributes to polymyxin and tigecycline resistance.
Parallel evolutionary pathways to antibiotic resistance selected by biocide exposure.
Mutations in ramR lead to de-repression of the AcrAB-TolC MDR efflux system.
Occurrence and mechanisms of tigecycline resistance in carbapenem- and colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in Thailand.
Could traces of fluoroquinolones in food induce ciprofloxacin resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae? An in vivo study in Galleria mellonella with important implications for maximum residue limits in food.
Overexpression of OqxAB and MacAB efflux pumps contributes to eravacycline resistance and heteroresistance in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
Genetic Diversity of Polymyxin-Resistance Mechanisms in Clinical Isolates of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae: a Multicenter Study in China.
RamR mutations were the second-most-frequently mutated gene
Comparison of Antibacterial Activity of Phytochemicals against Common Foodborne Pathogens and Potential for Selection of Resistance.
Mutation in ramR gene associated with efflux pump regulation.
Prediction of Fluoroquinolone Susceptibility Directly from Whole-Genome Sequence Data by Using Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry To Identify Mutant Genotypes.
Molecular epidemiology and mechanisms of tigecycline resistance in carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.
Whole genome sequencing analyses revealed that Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin strains from Brazil belonged to two predominant clades.
Central role of the ramAR locus in the multidrug resistance in ESBL-Enterobacterales.
Roles of ramR and tet(A) Mutations in Conferring Tigecycline Resistance in Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates.
Under development. Phenotype should be used with caution.
Tigecycline Susceptibility and Molecular Resistance Mechanisms Among Clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains Isolated During Non-Tigecycline Treatment.
Under development. Phenotype should be used with caution.
Genetic regulation of the ramA locus and its expression in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae.
ramR
Phenotypic and genomic changes in enteric Klebsiella populations during long-term ICU patient hospitalization: the role of RamR regulation.
ramR
ramR mutations involved in efflux-mediated multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium.
ramR
Decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility in mutants of Salmonella serovars other than Typhimurium: detection of novel mutations involved in modulated expression of ramA and soxS.
ramR
Resistance to Ceftazidime/Avibactam plus Meropenem/Vaborbactam When Both Are Used Together Is Achieved in Four Steps in Metallo-β-Lactamase-Negative Klebsiella pneumoniae.
A novel mutation of ramR involved in tigecycline resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae.
The mutation leads to a truncated RamR protein, reducing its ability to inhibit the AcrAB-TolC efflux pump.
Extensive Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Isolated From Poultry and Humans: Prevalence and Molecular Determinants Behind the Co-resistance to Ciprofloxacin and Tigecycline.
17 (68%) out of them harbored 4-bp deletion in the ramR binding region (T-288/A-285).
Extremely drug-resistant NDM-9-producing ST147 Klebsiella pneumoniae causing infections in Italy, May 2020.
Carbapenem Resistance Conferred by OXA-48 in K2-ST86 Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae, France.
responsible for tigecycline and quinolone resistance in Kpn2166
Study on collateral sensitivity of tigecycline to colistin-resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex.
Use of whole-genome sequencing to trace, control and characterize the regional expansion of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing ST15 Klebsiella pneumoniae.