Browse AMR Genes

Protein Change: S80I, S80R
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella oxytoca
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: ReslitReference Gene Catalog

In vitro selection of resistance to clinafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and trovafloxacin in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 10991854 · 2000

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79Y
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: clinafloxacin|ciprofloxacin|trovafloxacin
Validation Method: sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

Activities of clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, and trovafloxacin against recent clinical isolates of levofloxacin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 11036007 · 2000

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79F, S79Y
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|clinafloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

Emergence of reduced susceptibility and resistance to fluoroquinolones in Escherichia coli in Taiwan and contributions of distinct selective pressures.

PMID 11600360 · 2001

Single point mutations in parC are associated with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

parC: p.D87N

Protein Change: D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Susceptibility patterns of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli associated with traveller's diarrhoea: emergence of quinolone resistance.

PMID 11699598 · 2001

Mutations in parC were linked to nalidixic acid resistance.

parC

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84G
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acidquinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Validation Method: molecular epidemiological characterisation
Source Database: ReslitReference Gene Catalog

Role of active efflux in association with target gene mutations in fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae.

PMID 12121955 · 2002

Mutation in parC is associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

parC

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79F parC: p.S79Y parC: p.S80P parC: p.D83Y

Protein Change: S85L
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: norfloxacin|ciprofloxacin|sparfloxacin|ofloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: ReslitReference Gene Catalog

Genetic relatedness of levofloxacin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from North America.

PMID 12791865 · 2003

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79F, S79Y, S80P, D83Y
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Cefotaxime Acts Synergistically with Levofloxacin in Experimental Meningitis Due to Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococci and Prevents Selection of Levofloxacin-Resistant Mutants In Vitro.

PMID 12878509 · 2003

Mutations in parC contribute to levofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79Y parC: p.K137N parC: p.D83Y

Protein Change: S79Y, K137N, D83Y
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Antimicrobial susceptibility breakpoints and first-step parC mutations in Streptococcus pneumoniae: redefining fluoroquinolone resistance.

PMID 12890324 · 2003

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Ciprofloxacin susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from keratitis.

PMID 14507757 · 2003

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.E84G parC: p.E84K parC: p.E84V parC: c.G251A parC: c.TCC->ATC

Protein Change: S87L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli strains from community-acquired urinary tract infections in Greece.

PMID 14706091 · 2004

Additional mutation in parC associated with high-level resistance

parC

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84G, E84K, E84V
Nucleotide Change: G251A, TCC->ATC
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing; mutation analysis
Source Database: ReslitReference Gene Catalog

Fluoroquinolone resistance linked to GyrA, GyrB, and ParC mutations in Salmonella enterica typhimurium isolates in humans.

PMID 14718091 · 2003

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80R parC: p.E84K parC: p.E84G

Protein Change: S80R, E84K, E84G
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinnalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Validation Method: nucleotide sequencing
Source Database: ReslitResFinder Database

Activities of garenoxacin against quinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in vitro and in a mouse pneumonia model.

PMID 14982762 · 2004

Mutation in parC leads to quinolone resistance

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79Y parC: p.S79F

Protein Change: S79Y, S79F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|garenoxacin|sparfloxacin|trovafloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica Typhimurium and Choleraesuis from pigs to humans, Taiwan.

PMID 15078598 · 2004

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80R parC: p.E84K parC: p.S80I

Protein Change: S80R, E84K, S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

Use of applied biosystems 7900HT sequence detection system and Taqman assay for detection of quinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID 15243093 · 2004

associated with ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

parC: p.D86G parC: p.D87S parC: p.D88S

Protein Change: D86G, D87S, D88S
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: direct sequencing and real-time PCR
Source Database: Reslit

Emergence and spread of three clonally related virulent isolates of CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli with variable resistance to aminoglycosides and tetracycline in a French geriatric hospital.

PMID 15388428 · 2004

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

Mutant prevention concentrations for single-step fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants of wild-type, efflux-positive, or ParC or GyrA mutation-containing Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates.

PMID 15388458 · 2004

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Fluoroquinolone resistance in Salmonella enterica serotype Choleraesuis, Taiwan, 2000-2003.

PMID 15498176 · 2004

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: mutation analysis
Source Database: Reslit

An unusually high level of quinolone resistance associated with type II topoisomerase mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions of Aeromonas caviae isolated from diarrhoeal patients.

PMID 15567276 · 2004

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Aeromonas caviae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin
Validation Method: nucleotide sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Activity of gemifloxacin against quinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in vitro and in a mouse pneumonia model.

PMID 15728901 · 2005

Mutations in parC were associated with increased resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79Y
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: gemifloxacin|trovafloxacin|sparfloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of PCR-amplified DNA
Source Database: Reslit

Novel Ser79Leu and Ser81Ile Substitutions in the Quinolone Resistance-Determining Regions of ParC Topoisomerase IV and GyrA DNA Gyrase Subunits from Recent Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Clinical Isolates.

PMID 15917550 · 2005

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79L

Protein Change: S79L
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin|gatifloxacin|gemifloxacin|garenoxacin|norfloxacin
Validation Method: introduction into R6 background and susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

Cephalosporin and ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella, Taiwan.

PMID 15963294 · 2005

Mutation in parC contributes to ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

parC: p.D86N parC: p.E91K

Protein Change: S80L
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Sequencing of QRDRs
Source Database: Reslit

Cultivation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in liquid media and determination of its in vitro susceptibilities to quinolones.

PMID 16145072 · 2005

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D86N, E91K
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|gatifloxacin|levofloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Horizontal transfer of fluoroquinolone resistance genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae

PMID 16189113 · 2003

Mutations in parC are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.D78A parC: p.D78N parC: p.S79F parC: p.S79Y parC: p.D83Y

Protein Change: D78A, D78N, S79F, S79Y, D83Y
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

Characterization of isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium displaying high-level fluoroquinolone resistance in Japan.

PMID 16207965 · 2005

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80R
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequence analysis of the QRDRs of the gyrA , gyrB , parC , and parE genes
Source Database: Reslit

Genetic analysis of a multiresistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing PER-1 beta-lactamase.

PMID 16451415 · 2006

mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA and parC

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

High-level ciprofloxacin resistance from point mutations in gyrA and parC confined to global hospital-adapted clonal lineage CC17 of Enterococcus faecium.

PMID 16517894 · 2006

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, S80R, E84K
Organisms: Enterococcus faecium
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of QRDRs
Source Database: Reslit

Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.

PMID 17043131 · 2007

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: mutant construction and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

Fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella sp. in carcasses.

PMID 17080579 · 2006

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S, S80R
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: experimental analysis of isolates
Source Database: Reslit

Outbreaks of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in community hospitals in Japan.

PMID 17122009 · 2007

associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79Y parC: p.S81F

Protein Change: S87L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Impact of resistance selection and mutant growth fitness on the relative efficacies of streptomycin and levofloxacin for plague therapy.

PMID 17517837 · 2007

Mutations in parC were associated with reduced susceptibility to levofloxacin.

Mutation Information

parC: p.T462A

Protein Change: T462A
Organisms: Yersinia pestis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

In vitro infection model characterizing the effect of efflux pump inhibition on prevention of resistance to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 17846144 · 2007

Mutations in parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79Y, S81F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Subtle genetic changes enhance virulence of methicillin resistant and sensitive Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID 17986343 · 2007

The tyrosine-containing ParC protein confers resistance to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

parC: p.Y80S

Protein Change: Y80S
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: SNP analysis
Source Database: Reslit

Human Salmonella and concurrent decreased susceptibility to quinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins.

PMID 18217551 · 2007

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80F parC: p.H103Y

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

In vitro evaluation of CBR-2092, a novel rifamycin-quinolone hybrid antibiotic: studies of the mode of action in Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID 18443108 · 2008

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80F, H103Y
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|gatifloxacin
Validation Method: mutant selection and genotypic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from nosocomial outbreaks in Los Angeles County, California.

PMID 18524965 · 2008

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80L parC: p.E84K

Protein Change: S80L, E84K
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Correlation of antimicrobial resistance with beta-lactamases, the OmpA-like porin, and efflux pumps in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii endemic to New York City.

PMID 18591275 · 2008

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.D87N parC: p.D87Y parC: p.E84G parC: p.E84V parC: p.L416F parC: p.S458A parC: p.S458T

Protein Change: S80L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Antimalarial therapy selection for quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli in the absence of quinolone exposure, in tropical South America.

PMID 18648533 · 2008

Mutations in gyrA and parC were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, D87N, D87Y, E84G, E84V, L416F, S458A, S458T
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR-sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Insights into the Environmental Resistance Gene Pool from the Genome Sequence of the Multidrug-Resistant Environmental Isolate Escherichia coli SMS-3-5

PMID 18708504 · 2008

ParC mutations confer resistance to ciprofloxacin in combination with at least one mutation in gyrA.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.E84G parC: p.S80L

Protein Change: S80I, E84G, S80L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC test; mutational analysis and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

Genetic basis of multidrug resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates at a tertiary medical center in Pennsylvania.

PMID 18725452 · 2008

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80R parC: p.S80I parC: p.E84K

Protein Change: S80L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Analysis of ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella strains from swine, chicken, and their carcasses in Taiwan and detection of parC resistance mutations by a mismatch amplification mutation assay PCR.

PMID 19205458 · 2009

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80R, S80I, E84K
Organisms: Salmonella
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

Spontaneous quinolone resistance in the zoonotic serovar of Vibrio vulnificus.

PMID 19218407 · 2009

Mutation in parC contributes to fluoroquinolone resistance

parC

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S85L
Organisms: Vibrio vulnificus
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesquinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Validation Method: sequencing of QRDRs and MIC determination
Source Database: ReslitReference Gene Catalog

Molecular Diagnostic Technologies in Clinical Microbiology

PMID 19377839 · 2010

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79F parC: p.S79Y parC: p.D83N parC: p.K137N

Protein Change: S80L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: DNA microarray genotyping
Source Database: Reslit

Comparative study of the mutant prevention concentrations of moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, and gemifloxacin against pneumococci.

PMID 20008781 · 2010

mutations in quinolone resistance-determining region associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79F, S79Y, D83N, K137N
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin|levofloxacin|gemifloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

In vitro antibacterial activities of JNJ-Q2, a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone.

PMID 20176911 · 2010

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79Y parC: p.I143V

Protein Change: S79Y, I143V
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR amplification and DNA sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

Bactericidal activity of besifloxacin against staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.

PMID 20435780 · 2010

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80Y parC: p.S80F parC: p.S79Y

Protein Change: S80Y, S80F, S79Y
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

The prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms in colonizing Escherichia coli isolates recovered from hospitalized patients.

PMID 20597679 · 2010

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80L parC: p.D84G

Protein Change: S80L, D84G
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Vibrio cholerae O1 variant with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, Western Africa.

PMID 21029554 · 2010

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S85L
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of PCR products
Source Database: Reslit

Empyema caused by MRSA ST398 with atypical resistance profile, Spain.

PMID 21192880 · 2011

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79F parC: p.S79Y parC: p.D83N

Protein Change: S80F
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Rapid pneumococcal evolution in response to clinical interventions.

PMID 21273480 · 2011

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79F, S79Y, D83N
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

Clonal spread of levofloxacin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae invasive isolates in Madrid, Spain, 2007 to 2009.

PMID 21383091 · 2011

Present in all isolates

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Emergence of quinolone resistance and cephalosporin MIC creep in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from a cohort of young men in Kisumu, Kenya, 2002 to 2009.

PMID 21606224 · 2011

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR amplification
Source Database: Reslit

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Shigella sonnei among men who have sex with men, Canada, 2010.

PMID 21888811 · 2011

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80R parC: p.E84K

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: direct DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

First description of the qnrS-like (qnrS5) gene and analysis of quinolone resistance-determining regions in motile Aeromonas spp. from diseased fish and water.

PMID 22024339 · 2012

Mutations in QRDR of parC contribute to quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S92I

Protein Change: S92I
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

Comparison of the prevalences and antimicrobial resistances of Escherichia coli isolates from different retail meats in the United States, 2002 to 2008.

PMID 22247155 · 2012

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80R, E84K
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

Prominence of an O75 clonal group (clonal complex 14) among non-ST131 fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli causing extraintestinal infections in humans and dogs in Australia.

PMID 22526317 · 2012

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|moxifloxacin|enrofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR amplification and pyrosequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Differentiation in quinolone resistance by virulence genotype in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 22905192 · 2012

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Quinolone resistance in absence of selective pressure: the experience of a very remote community in the Amazon forest.

PMID 22953012 · 2012

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Genetic markers of widespread extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa high-risk clones.

PMID 23045355 · 2012

The S87W mutation in parC contributes to high-level fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S87W

Protein Change: S87W
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

Global fluoroquinolone resistance epidemiology and implictions for clinical use.

PMID 23097666 · 2012

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80Y
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

Characterization of recombinant fluoroquinolone-resistant pneumococcus-like isolates.

PMID 23114769 · 2013

Mutation in parC gene associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.D87N parC: p.S80I parC: p.E84V parC: p.E84G

Protein Change: S79F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pseudopneumoniae, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: phenotypic and genotypic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli in Central Greece: mechanisms of resistance and molecular identification.

PMID 23259844 · 2012

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N, S80I, E84V, E84G
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Azithromycin and ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella bloodstream infections in Cambodian adults.

PMID 23272255 · 2012

Mutations in parC were associated with decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S, S80R
Organisms: Salmonella Choleraesuis, Salmonella Typhimurium
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Quantitative contributions of target alteration and decreased drug accumulation to Pseudomonas aeruginosa fluoroquinolone resistance.

PMID 23274661 · 2013

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87L, S87W
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: introduction into reference strain PA14 and measurement of MIC
Source Database: Reslit

Abrupt emergence of a single dominant multidrug-resistant strain of Escherichia coli.

PMID 23288927 · 2013

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.E84G parC: p.E84A parC: p.L88Q

Protein Change: S80I, E84V
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Chromosomal and plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms among broad-spectrum-cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates recovered from companion animals in the USA.

PMID 23302578 · 2013

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84G, E84A, L88Q
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Predicting antimicrobial susceptibilities for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates using whole genomic sequence data.

PMID 23722448 · 2013

associated with ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80L parC: p.S80W parC: p.E84K parC: p.S84F parC: p.S84W parC: p.E88K

Protein Change: S80I, E84V
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic testing; observed in resistant isolates
Source Database: Reslit

Alterations of gyrA, gyrB, and parC and Activity of Efflux Pump in Fluoroquinolone-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

PMID 24159468 · 2011

Mutation S80L in parC was observed in some isolates.

parC

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80L, S80W, E84K, S84F, S84W, E88K
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|gemifloxacin|levofloxacin|norfloxacin|gatifloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: ReslitReference Gene Catalog

Novel multiple mutations in the topoisomerase gene of Haitian variant Vibrio cholerae O1.

PMID 24867982 · 2014

Multiple mutations in the parC gene contribute to ciprofloxacin resistance.

parC

Mutation Information

parC: p.S60N parC: p.Y65F parC: p.S85I parC: p.A128S parC: p.K129R

Protein Change: S60N, Y65F, S85I, A128S, K129R
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: The mutation of S85I affects the binding conformation of ciprofloxacin.; DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Validation Method: sequencing and molecular docking analysis
Source Database: ReslitReference Gene Catalog

Dynamics of Mutations during Development of Resistance by Pseudomonas aeruginosa against Five Antibiotics.

PMID 27139485 · 2016

Mutation Information

parC: p.P85L parC: p.S87N

Protein Change: P85L, S87N
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

The Emergence of Quinolone Resistant Shigella sonnei, Pondicherry, India.

PMID 27494616 · 2016

Mutation Information

parC: p.A64D

Protein Change: A64D
Organisms: Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of QRDRs
Source Database: Reslit

The role of gyrA and parC mutations in fluoroquinolones-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Iran.

PMID 27522930 · 2016

Mutation Information

parC: p.A88P parC: p.S87L

Protein Change: A88P, S87L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

GyrA ser83 and ParC trp106 Mutations in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Isolated from Typhoid Fever Patients in Tertiary Care Hospital.

PMID 27630841 · 2016

Salmonella enterica parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003939

parC

Mutation Information

parC: p.W106G

Protein Change: W106G
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinfluoroquinolonesquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant; DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Validation Method: PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing
Source Database: ReslitCard DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

Deciphering the Resistome of the Widespread Pseudomonas aeruginosa Sequence Type 175 International High-Risk Clone through Whole-Genome Sequencing.

PMID 27736752 · 2016

associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

parC: p.S87W

Protein Change: S87W
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: WGS and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

Antimicrobial Activity of Zabofloxacin against Clinically Isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 27869677 · 2016

Mutation Information

parC: p.S81F parC: p.K136T parC: p.D83G parC: p.K137N parC: p.S79F parC: p.D83N parC: p.S79Y

Protein Change: S81F, K136T, D83G, K137N, S79F, D83N, S79Y
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Characteristics of Quinolone Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Humans, Animals, and the Environment in the Czech Republic.

PMID 28119674 · 2016

Common mutations in quinolone-resistant isolates

Mutation Information

parC: p.D87N parC: p.S83I parC: p.S83N parC: p.D87Y parC: p.S83R parC: p.S83V parC: p.S84G parC: p.S84H parC: p.S84I parC: p.S84P parC: p.S84R parC: p.D87R parC: p.D87G parC: p.I90N

Protein Change: S80I, E84V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Within-host whole genome analysis of an antibiotic resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain sub-type in cystic fibrosis.

PMID 28273168 · 2017

Mutation Information

parC: p.V48A

Protein Change: V48A
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Prevalence of macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance-mediating mutations in Mycoplasma genitalium in five cities in Russia and Estonia.

PMID 28407014 · 2017

Mutations where in vitro MIC determination has demonstrated significantly elevated MICs of moxifloxacin

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N, S83I, S83N, D87Y, S83R, S83V, S84G, S84H, S84I, S84P, S84R, D87R, D87G, I90N
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Increasing Macrolide and Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium.

PMID 28418319 · 2017

ParC S83 changes were associated with moxifloxacin failure.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80F parC: p.S80Y parC: p.D84C parC: p.V82L parC: p.D84A

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of sample
Source Database: Reslit

Identification of Major Sequence Types among Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis Strains Isolated from Infected Eyes and Healthy Conjunctiva.

PMID 28824564 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80F, S80Y, D84C, V82L, D84A
Organisms: Staphylococcus epidermidis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin|gatifloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Resistance mechanisms and fitness of Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis mutants evolved under selection with ciprofloxacin in vitro.

PMID 28831084 · 2017

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80R parC: p.D87N

Protein Change: G78D
Organisms: Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: increased resistance to fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Quinolone Resistance Reversion by Targeting the SOS Response.

PMID 29018116 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80R, D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Mutation identification and susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

High Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Mycoplasma genitalium in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Men Who Have Sex With Men in Alabama.

PMID 29028993 · 2018

Three samples carried an additional parC mutation (P62S), and one had a gyrB mutation (F475S) of unknown clinical significance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83I parC: p.S83R parC: p.P62S

Protein Change: S83I, S83R, P62S
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: nested PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

In vivo selection of a multidrug-resistant Aeromonas salmonicida during medicinal leech therapy.

PMID 29204282 · 2018

Mutation Information

parC: p.E93K

Protein Change: E93K
Organisms: Aeromonas salmonicida
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

The Versatile Mutational Resistome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 29681898 · 2018

parC

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87L, S87W
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesquinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Validation Method: experimental data generated in this study
Source Database: ReslitReference Gene Catalog

A Large-Scale Whole-Genome Comparison Shows that Experimental Evolution in Response to Antibiotics Predicts Changes in Naturally Evolved Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 31570397 · 2019

Mutation Information

parC: p.P308L parC: p.T705A

Protein Change: S80L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and experimental evolution
Source Database: Reslit

Hypermutator Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exploits Multiple Genetic Pathways To Develop Multidrug Resistance during Long-Term Infections in the Airways of Cystic Fibrosis Patients.

PMID 32071060 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: P308L, T705A
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Bacterial Diversity and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Sparus aurata from Aquaculture.

PMID 32887439 · 2020

Mutation Information

parC: p.A129S parC: p.S134R

Protein Change: A129S, S134R
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

DNA Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV Mutations and their effect on Quinolones Resistant Proteus mirabilis among UTIs Patients.

PMID 32968386 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84I
Organisms: Proteus mirabilis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Using rapid point-of-care tests to inform antibiotic choice to mitigate drug resistance in gonorrhoea.

PMID 33124551 · 2020

Mutation Information

parC: p.D86N

Protein Change: D86N
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: gepotidacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: phase II clinical trial
Source Database: Reslit

Snapshot Study of Whole Genome Sequences of Escherichia coli from Healthy Companion Animals, Livestock, Wildlife, Humans and Food in Italy.

PMID 33172096 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

A Multifactorial Approach for Surveillance of Shigella spp. and Entero-Invasive Escherichia coli Is Important for Detecting (Inter)national Clusters.

PMID 33193150 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: In silico resistance profiling and phenotypic resistance correlation; genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

Evaluation of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Clinical Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Flanders (Belgium).

PMID 33198103 · 2020

Mutation Information

parC: p.S87R parC: p.A123V parC: p.A129V parC: p.S87C parC: p.S87I parC: p.S87N parC: p.S88P parC: p.G85D parC: p.D86N parC: p.A89T parC: p.G120R

Protein Change: S80I, S80R
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR, gel electrophoresis, and gene sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Susceptibility Trends of Zoliflodacin against Multidrug-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Clinical Isolates in Nanjing, China, 2014 to 2018.

PMID 33318010 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87R, A123V, A129V, S87C, S87I, S87N, S88P, G85D, D86N, A89T, G120R
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Genome-based characterization of Escherichia coli causing bloodstream infection through next-generation sequencing.

PMID 33362261 · 2020

Mutation Information

parC: p.S87W parC: p.S87L

Protein Change: S80I, E84V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: Table 4
Source Database: Reslit

Novel Molecular Markers Linked to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Epidemic High-Risk Clones.

PMID 33401446 · 2021

associated with high-risk clones

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87W, S87L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|ciprofloxacinciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: chi-square test; chi-square test for independence
Source Database: Reslit

Detection of parC gene mutations associated with quinolone resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium: evaluation of a multiplex real-time PCR assay.

PMID 33612146 · 2021

The study focuses on mutations in the parC gene associated with quinolone resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: comparison to Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

High Risk Clone: A Proposal of Criteria Adapted to the One Health Context with Application to Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in the Pig Population.

PMID 33671102 · 2021

Mutation Information

parC: p.E62K

Protein Change: E62K
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: gene detection in isolates
Source Database: Reslit

100

Genetic but No Phenotypic Associations between Biocide Tolerance and Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli from German Broiler Fattening Farms.

PMID 33801066 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

101

Phylogenomic Investigation of Increasing Fluoroquinolone Resistance among Belgian Cases of Shigellosis between 2013 and 2018 Indicates Both Travel-Related Imports and Domestic Circulation.

PMID 33917583 · 2021

Mutations in parC are associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.E91K parC: p.V646L

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing; whole genome sequencing and phenotypic resistance testing
Source Database: Reslit

102

Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from a Cystic Fibrosis Patient

PMID 33922748 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: E91K, V646L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Whole-genome sequencing and functional analysis
Source Database: Reslit

103

Antibiotic tolerance, persistence, and resistance of the evolved minimal cell, Mycoplasma mycoides JCVI-Syn3B.

PMID 33997676 · 2021

Mutation Information

parC: p.D1019N

Protein Change: D1019N
Organisms: Mycoplasma mycoides
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome analysis
Source Database: Reslit

104

A global resource for genomic predictions of antimicrobial resistance and surveillance of Salmonella Typhi at pathogenwatch.

PMID 34001879 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84K
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

105

Distribution of fluoroquinolone resistance determinants in Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates associated with bloodstream infections in China.

PMID 34078263 · 2021

Mutation Information

parC: p.S87L parC: p.E88K parC: p.N334Y

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and nucleotide sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

106

Shared and Unique Evolutionary Trajectories to Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens.

PMID 34154405 · 2021

Mutations in parC are responsible for ciprofloxacin resistance in A. baumannii and P. aeruginosa.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87L, E88K, N334Y
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: experimental characterization of genotype-to-phenotype associations; clone isolation and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

107

Antimicrobial Resistance and Genomic Characterization of Two mcr-1-Harboring Foodborne Salmonella Isolates Recovered in China, 2016.

PMID 34211439 · 2021

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.E84G parC: p.C56T

Protein Change: T57S
Organisms: Salmonella Derby, Salmonella Typhimurium
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Genome sequencing and comparison with known parC mutations
Source Database: Reslit

108

The roles of history, chance, and natural selection in the evolution of antibiotic resistance.

PMID 34431477 · 2021

associated with resistance to CIP and fitness cost in absence of CIP

Mutation Information

parC: p.G35E

Protein Change: G35E
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: incurs a high fitness cost in the absence of CIP
Validation Method: genomic sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

109

The Pheno- and Genotypic Characterization of Porcine Escherichia coli Isolates.

PMID 34442755 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84G, C56T
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

110

The rise and the fall of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa endemic lineage in a hospital.

PMID 34473016 · 2021

mutation in parC

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87L
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

111

Antimicrobial Resistance in Chlamydia trachomatis: Mechanisms and Mutations

PMID 34479551 · 2023

Mutations in the parC gene are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.R83G

Protein Change: R83G
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

112

Antimicrobial Resistance and Whole-Genome Characterisation of High-Level Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Salmonella Enterica Serovar Kentucky ST 198 Strains Isolated from Human in Poland.

PMID 34502290 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

113

Molecular Characteristics, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Biofilm Formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Patients with Aural Infections in Shanghai, China.

PMID 34522106 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87L, E91K
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

114

Genomic surveillance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Philippines, 2013-2014.

PMID 34540307 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87L
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic prediction and phenotypic testing
Source Database: Reslit

115

The role of Gene Mutations (gyrA, parC) in Resistance to Ciprofloxacin in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa.

PMID 34567192 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87L, E91K
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR-sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

116

Emergence of novel strains of Shigella flexneri associated with sexual transmission in adult men in England, 2019-2020.

PMID 34665107 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

117

Use of Molecular Methods To Detect Shigella and Infer Phenotypic Resistance in a Shigella Treatment Study.

PMID 34669456 · 2022

Mutation Information

parC: p.I80N

Protein Change: I80N
Organisms: Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: qPCR and phenotypic susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

118

International High-Risk Clones Among Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

PMID 34671331 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84V
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

119

Genomic epidemiology of persistently circulating MDR Shigella sonnei strains associated with men who have sex with men (MSM) in Belgium (2013-19).

PMID 34673959 · 2021

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80G parC: p.I81N parC: p.I84F parC: p.S80I parC: p.S84I parC: p.S81I parC: p.S83R parC: p.D87N parC: p.D87Y parC: p.G81C

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: WGS and lab testing
Source Database: Reslit

120

Integrating the Human and Animal Sides of Mycoplasmas Resistance to Antimicrobials.

PMID 34680797 · 2021

Mutations in parC are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80G, I81N, I84F, S80I, S84I, S81I, S83R, D87N, D87Y, G81C
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

121

Molecular Epidemiology, Antimicrobial Surveillance, and PK/PD Analysis to Guide the Treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections.

PMID 34683991 · 2021

Mutations in the parC gene contribute to ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S87R parC: p.S88P parC: p.D86N parC: p.E91G

Protein Change: S87R, S88P, D86N, E91G
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

122

Transmission Dynamics of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Sequence Type 11 Strains Carrying Capsular Loci KL64 and rmpA/rmpA2 Genes.

PMID 34690977 · 2021

Mutation Information

parC: p.D86N parC: p.E91K parC: p.S87I parC: p.S87R parC: p.S87N

Protein Change: S80I
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

123

The antimicrobial resistance landscape of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in New Zealand from November 2018 to March 2019 and the role of sexual orientation in transmission.

PMID 34755593 · 2021

Mutations in parC contribute to resistance to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D86N, E91K, S87I, S87R, S87N
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: gene detection and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

124

Phylogenetic Analysis Reveals Distinct Evolutionary Trajectories of the Fluoroquinolones-Resistant Escherichia coli ST1193 From Fuzhou, China.

PMID 34803966 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

125

Identification of CTX-M Type ESBL E. coli from Sheep and Their Abattoir Environment Using Whole-Genome Sequencing.

PMID 34832635 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, S80R
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

126

Phylogenomics of two ST1 antibiotic-susceptible non-clinical Acinetobacter baumannii strains reveals multiple lineages and complex evolutionary history in global clone 1.

PMID 34874246 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

127

Genomic Characterization of Extensively Drug-Resistant NDM-Producing Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates With the Emergence of Novel bla (ADC-257).

PMID 34880837 · 2021

Mutation Information

parC: p.T57S parC: p.S67C parC: p.R76C parC: p.S80I parC: p.S80R parC: p.E92K parC: p.W106G parC: p.R96S parC: p.P98T parC: p.P98K

Protein Change: S80L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and analysis
Source Database: Reslit

128

Mutational Diversity in the Quinolone Resistance-Determining Regions of Type-II Topoisomerases of Salmonella Serovars.

PMID 34943668 · 2021

ParC mutations are less common but contribute to ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutations in parC are common in quinolone-resistant Salmonella isolates.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S, S67C, R76C, S80I, S80R, E92K, W106G, R96S, P98T, P98K
Organisms: Salmonella enterica, Salmonella
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: literature review; sequencing and MIC testing; association with increased MICs of ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

129

Whole-Genome Sequencing-Based Antimicrobial Resistance Characterization and Phylogenomic Investigation of 19 Multidrug-Resistant and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Positive Escherichia coli Strains Collected From Hospital Patients in Benin in 2019.

PMID 34956117 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

130

Acquired resistome and plasmid sequencing of mcr-1 carrying MDR Enterobacteriaceae from poultry and their relationship to STs associated with humans.

PMID 35156029 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

131

Correlation between Phenotypic and In Silico Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella enterica in Canada Using Staramr.

PMID 35208747 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Genotypic detection via Staramr and phenotypic AST
Source Database: Reslit

132

Diversity in the Characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae ST101 of Human, Environmental, and Animal Origin.

PMID 35222344 · 2022

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.E84V parC: p.E84G parC: p.E62K parC: p.A56T

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: genotypic data from WGS and antibiotic susceptibility testing; presence in strains
Source Database: Reslit

133

A Descriptive Analysis of Urinary ESBL-Producing-Escherichia coli in Cerdanya Hospital.

PMID 35336064 · 2022

associated with ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84V, E84G, E62K, A56T
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

134

Role of Efflux in Antibiotic Resistance of Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Achromobacter insuavis Isolates From Patients With Cystic Fibrosis.

PMID 35418957 · 2022

Mutations in QRDR of parC associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.V417L parC: p.E441Q parC: p.S482T parC: p.K764R

Protein Change: V417L, E441Q, S482T, K764R
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

135

Characterization of Mutations in DNA Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV in Field Strains and In Vitro Selected Quinolone-Resistant Mycoplasma hyorhinis Mutants.

PMID 35453245 · 2022

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80F parC: p.S80Y parC: p.F80Y parC: p.E84G parC: p.E84K parC: p.S81P parC: p.E84Q

Protein Change: S80F, S80Y, F80Y, E84G, E84K, S81P, E84Q
Organisms: Mycoplasma hyorhinis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: point mutation analysis
Source Database: Reslit

136

In Vitro Activity of Delafloxacin and Finafloxacin against Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma Species.

PMID 35532225 · 2022

mutations in quinolone resistance determining region

Mutation Information

parC: p.S91I parC: p.S83L

Protein Change: S91I, S83L
Organisms: Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma spp.
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

137

Occurrence and Genomic Characterization of Clone ST1193 Clonotype 14-64 in Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Escherichia coli in Spain.

PMID 35604206 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|norfloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

138

Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates in Kenya by Whole-Genome Sequencing.

PMID 35631066 · 2022

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80N parC: p.E84K

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

139

Antibiotic Minimal Selective Concentrations and Fitness Costs during Biofilm and Planktonic Growth.

PMID 35695458 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80N, E84K
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: mutant characterization
Source Database: Reslit

140

Whole-genome sequencing of two multidrug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from a neonatal intensive care unit in Egypt: a prospective cross-sectional study.

PMID 39306657 · 2024

Mutation Information

parC: p.V104I parC: p.D105E parC: p.S84L

Protein Change: V104I, D105E, S84L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

141

Prevalence and molecular characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from dogs in South Korea.

PMID 39363655 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing analysis
Source Database: Reslit

142

Antimicrobial Resistance in Wastewater Samples from Kumasi, Ghana: A Genomic and Metagenomic Analysis

PMID 39516432 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87L
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: experimental validation via MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

143

Genome and antibiotic resistance characteristics of Shigella clinical isolates in Fujian Province, Southeast China, 2005-2019.

PMID 39565081 · 2024

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.E84K parC: p.E84V parC: p.E84G parC: p.S80L / c.TCA -> CTG

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Shigella flexneri
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: mutation analysis
Source Database: Reslit

144

Molecular mechanisms impact on fluoroquinolone resistance among E.coli from enteric carriage monitoring before prostate biopsy and earliest description of qnrB81.

PMID 39592650 · 2024

Mutations in the QRDR of parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84K, E84V, E84G, S80L
Nucleotide Change: TCA -> CTG
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: molecular characterization and sequencing; Sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

145

Deciphering the genomic character of the multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Dhaka, Bangladesh.

PMID 39628721 · 2024

Mutation Information

parC: p.E84K parC: p.S80I parC: p.S80R

Protein Change: S80F
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

146

Genomic and virulent characterization of a duck-associated Salmonella serovar Potsdam from China.

PMID 39693960 · 2025

Mutation Information

parC: p.F156S

Protein Change: F156S
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

147

Detection of antimicrobial resistance in Glaesserella parasuis in South China using whole-genome sequencing.

PMID 39839106 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: E84K, S80I, S80R
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

148

One day in Denmark: whole-genome sequence-based analysis of Escherichia coli isolates from clinical settings.

PMID 39881516 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: in silico prediction
Source Database: Reslit

149

Comprehensive genomic insights into a highly pathogenic clone ST656 of mcr8.1 containing multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from Bangladesh.

PMID 39966674 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

150

Effects of different mechanisms on antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a strategic system for evaluating antibiotics against gram-negative bacteria.

PMID 40042282 · 2025

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83I parC: p.D87N

Protein Change: S87L, S87W
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|norfloxacin|ofloxacin|gatifloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

151

Carbapenem-Resistant, Virulence Plasmid-Harboring Klebsiella pneumoniae, United States.

PMID 40072602 · 2025

Mutation Information

parC: p.I80I

Protein Change: I80I
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis
Source Database: Reslit

152

JMM Profile: Mycoplasma genitalium: a small, yet significant pathogen.

PMID 40183779 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I, D87N
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: association with fluoroquinolone resistance
Source Database: Reslit

153

Successful Transition to Whole-Genome Sequencing and Bioinformatics to Identify Invasive Streptococcus spp. Drug Resistance, Alaska, USA.

PMID 40359083 · 2025

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79F parC: p.S79Y parC: p.D85N

Protein Change: S79F, S79Y, D85N
Organisms: Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic testing
Source Database: Reslit

154

A global atlas and drivers of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella during 1900-2023.

PMID 40382325 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, T57S
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

155

First characterization of the resistome, virulome and genomic diversity of Salmonella enterica serovar Inganda: a rare, clinically-related and drug susceptible serovar.

PMID 40448871 · 2025

mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

156

Antibiotic resistance and population structure of Staphylococcus epidermidis from prosthetic joint infections in Sweden and France.

PMID 40459065 · 2025

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80L parC: p.T80I parC: p.T80R parC: p.S80F parC: p.S80Y

Protein Change: S80Y
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic assessment
Source Database: Reslit

157

Species Distribution, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Enterotoxin Profiles of Non-aureus Staphylococci Isolated from Poultry Slaughterhouses in Korea.

PMID 40657521 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80L, T80I, T80R, S80F, S80Y
Organisms: Staphylococcus agnetis, Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staphylococcus arlettae, Staphylococcus lentus, Staphylococcus simulans
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing analysis
Source Database: Reslit

158

Unveiling the Genetic Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Salmonella Population From 2016 to 2020 in Thai Canal Water.

PMID 40748775 · 2025

Strains with ParC T57S but not exhibiting resistance to NAL and CIP were determined as non-resistant to quinolones.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.S80R parC: p.E84G parC: p.E84A parC: p.E84K parC: p.A108T

Protein Change: T57S, S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

159

Antimicrobial Resistance Genotypes and Mobile Genetic Elements of Poultry-Derived Escherichia coli: A Retrospective Genomic Study from the United States.

PMID 40872236 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, S80R, E84G, E84A, E84K, A108T
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

160

Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and virulence profiles of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from companion animals in Sapporo, Japan.

PMID 40958562 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

161

Navigating an evolving microbial landscape: emerging antimicrobial resistance trends and precision stewardship in Tianjin tertiary hospitals (2021-2023).

PMID 40989184 · 2025

Mutation in parC contributes to fluoroquinolone resistance in various bacterial species.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

162

Prevalence and genetic characteristics of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in wild birds in Japan.

PMID 40993086 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Spot-billed duck
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

163

Resistance Mechanisms of Fluoroquinolone in Escherichia coli Isolated from Taihe Black-Boned Silky Fowl Exhibiting Abnormally Slow Fluoroquinolone Metabolism in Jiangxi, China.

PMID 41009933 · 2025

The ParC-S80I mutation was reported as novel in this study.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: flumequine|moxifloxacin|enrofloxacin|ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

164

Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens in pediatric sinus infections: a retrospective study at a Japanese otolaryngology clinic (2023-2025).

PMID 41031116 · 2025

Mutations in parC were associated with reduced susceptibility to levofloxacin in H. influenzae isolates.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80Y
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

165

Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella enterica in the broiler supply chain in Harare, Zimbabwe: tracking transmission from farm to table.

PMID 41191012 · 2025

Mutation Information

parC: p.E88K parC: p.G569S parC: p.S84L parC: p.S467G

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

166

Genomic insights into ST85 and ST158 belonging to recently emerged global clones of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Egypt: in vitro assessment of repurposed drug-antibiotic combinations.

PMID 41241719 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: E88K, G569S, S84L, S467G
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

167

Genomic characterisation of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky ST198 isolates from various sources in Algeria, North Africa.

PMID 41288468 · 2025

Mutation in the quinolone-resistance-determining region of the parC gene

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

168

Genomic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio cholerae isolates from Africa: a PulseNet Africa initiative using nanopore sequencing to enhance genomic surveillance.

PMID 41369527 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S85L
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: detected in 88% of O1 isolates
Source Database: Reslit

169

Prevalence and genetic basis of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli carriage in broiler farms in the United Arab Emirates.

PMID 41445590 · 2025

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.S80R parC: p.S80W parC: p.S80L parC: p.E84G parC: p.E84K parC: p.E84V parC: p.E84A parC: p.E84R

Protein Change: S80I, S80R
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

170

Spread of dual-class drug-resistant Mycoplasma genitalium in Tokyo, Japan, 2023-2025.

PMID 41468547 · 2026

Mutation Information

parC: p.A2059G

Protein Change: A2059G
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: macrolides
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

171

Topoisomerase IV is a target of quinolones in Escherichia coli.

PMID 8524852 · 1995

Mutations in parC contribute to quinolone resistance in E. coli.

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

parC

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, S80R, S80W, S80L, E84G, E84K, E84V, E84A, E84R
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolonesnalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification; DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Validation Method: mutant analysis
Source Database: ReslitResFinder DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

172

Genetic evidence for a role of parC mutations in development of high-level fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli.

PMID 8849244 · 1996

parC mutations contribute to high-level fluoroquinolone resistance in E. coli.

parC

Mutation Information

parC: p.G78D parC: p.S80I parC: p.S80R parC: p.E84G parC: p.E84K

Protein Change: G78D, S80I, S80R, E84G, E84K
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Validation Method: plasmid transfer and susceptibility testing
Source Database: ReslitReference Gene Catalog

173

Contributions of individual mechanisms to fluoroquinolone resistance in 36 Escherichia coli strains isolated from humans and animals.

PMID 8891148 · 1996

parC

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80F parC: p.D84H parC: p.S82Y parC: p.D86H parC: p.S82F parC: p.S79F parC: p.S79Y parC: p.D83H

Protein Change: S80I, S80R, E84K
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: ReslitReference Gene Catalog

174

Contribution of mutations in gyrA and parC genes to fluoroquinolone resistance of mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae obtained in vivo and in vitro.

PMID 8913454 · 1996

Streptococcus pneumoniae parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003311

parC

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80F, D84H, S82Y, D86H, S82F, S79F, S79Y, D83H
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant; DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Validation Method: transformation of S. pneumoniae CP1000 with parC fragment
Source Database: ReslitCard DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

175

In vitro development of resistance to five quinolones and amoxicillin-clavulanate in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 10223932 · 1999

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79Y parC: p.D83Y parC: p.N91D

Protein Change: S79F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|grepafloxacin|levofloxacin|sparfloxacin|trovafloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

176

Contribution of topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase mutations in Streptococcus pneumoniae to resistance to novel fluoroquinolones.

PMID 10428926 · 1999

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79Y, D83Y, N91D
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|sparfloxacin|trovafloxacinciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: transformation and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

177

Sparfloxacin selects gyrase mutations in first-step Mycoplasma hominis mutants, whereas ofloxacin selects topoisomerase IV mutations.

PMID 10508030 · 1999

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84K
Organisms: Mycoplasma hominis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

178

Engineering the specificity of antibacterial fluoroquinolones: benzenesulfonamide modifications at C-7 of ciprofloxacin change its primary target in Streptococcus pneumoniae from topoisomerase IV to gyrase.

PMID 10639357 · 2000

Mutation in parC confers resistance to fluoroquinolones in S. pneumoniae.

Mutation Information

parC: p.D86N parC: p.S88P parC: p.E91G parC: p.E91K

Protein Change: S79Y
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: analysis of responses of S. pneumoniae mutants to fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

179

Antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and high prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates in Japan, 1993 to 1998.

PMID 10655338 · 2000

Mutations in parC contribute to ciprofloxacin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D86N, S88P, E91G, E91K
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and direct DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

180

Activities and postantibiotic effects of gemifloxacin compared to those of 11 other agents against Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis.

PMID 10681330 · 2000

Mutation Information

parC: p.D83N parC: p.S84R parC: p.E88K

Protein Change: D83N, S84R, E88K
Organisms: Haemophilus influenzae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

181

Non-Target Gene Mutations in the Development of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Escherichia coli.

PMID 10722475 · 2000

Mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of parC

Mutation Information

parC: p.D86N parC: p.D95G

Protein Change: D87G
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: nucleotide sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

182

Molecular basis of high-level ciprofloxacin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated in Denmark from 1995 to 1998.

PMID 11120953 · 2001

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D86N, D95G
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

183

Sub-inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin prevent quinolone-resistance in a penicillin-resistant isolate of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 11454238 · 2001

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80R parC: p.E84G

Protein Change: S79Y
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

184

Energy-dependent accumulation of norfloxacin and porin expression in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and relationship to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production.

PMID 12435697 · 2002

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80R, E84G
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of quinolone resistance-determining regions
Source Database: Reslit

185

Molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing, fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Taiwan.

PMID 12454169 · 2002

Mutations in parC were associated with quinolone resistance in K. pneumoniae isolates.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80L parC: p.D84G

Protein Change: S80L, D84G
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|gatifloxacin|gemifloxacin|garenoxacin
Validation Method: experimental data from the study
Source Database: Reslit

186

Life-threatening infantile diarrhea from fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica typhimurium with mutations in both gyrA and parC.

PMID 12604000 · 2003

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80R parC: p.D87N

Protein Change: S80R, D87N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

187

Mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance is an important factor in determining the antimicrobial effect of gemifloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model.

PMID 12604547 · 2003

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79Y parC: p.S79F parC: p.R95C

Protein Change: S79Y, S79F, R95C
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: gemifloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: experimental validation
Source Database: Reslit

188

Genetic and Phenotypic Variations of a Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Epidemic Clone.

PMID 12760863 · 2003

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR amplification and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

189

Antimicrobial susceptibility and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae and molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant serotype 19F, 6B, and 23F Pneumococci in northern Thailand.

PMID 12958244 · 2003

Mutation in parC gene associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80Y
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: fluoroquinolone resistance in pneumococc
Source Database: Reslit

190

Levofloxacin treatment failure in Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia.

PMID 14718097 · 2003

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80R
Organisms: Haemophilus influenzae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|ciprofloxacin|moxifloxacin|gatifloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing and susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

191

Laboratory detection of Haemophilus influenzae with decreased susceptibility to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin due to GyrA and ParC mutations.

PMID 15004073 · 2004

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80R
Organisms: Haemophilus influenzae
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

192

Characterization of multiple-antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from diseased chickens and swine in China.

PMID 15297487 · 2004

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79F parC: p.D83Y parC: p.K137E

Protein Change: S80I, S80R
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|difloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing of quinolone resistance-determining regions
Source Database: Reslit

193

Levofloxacin-resistant invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States: evidence for clonal spread and the impact of conjugate pneumococcal vaccine.

PMID 15328116 · 2004

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79F, D83Y, K137E
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

194

Increasing prevalence of quinolone resistance in human nontyphoid Salmonella enterica isolates obtained in Spain from 1981 to 2003.

PMID 15388435 · 2004

Mutations in parC contribute to quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.D93Y parC: p.D88Y parC: p.S89I

Protein Change: S80R
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

195

Alterations in DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV in resistant mutants of Clostridium perfringens found after in vitro treatment with fluoroquinolones.

PMID 15673722 · 2005

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D93Y, D88Y, S89I
Organisms: Clostridium perfringens
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin|gatifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of resistant mutants
Source Database: Reslit

196

Treatment failure in a typhoid patient infected with nalidixic acid resistant S. enterica serovar Typhi with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin: a case report from Cameroon.

PMID 15969764 · 2005

Mutation in parC was suggested as a possible cause of reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: disc diffusion test and MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

197

Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis isolates from retail meat products.

PMID 16013378 · 2005

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80F
Organisms: Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

198

Reduced levofloxacin susceptibility and tetracycline resistance in a clinical isolate of Haemophilus quentini identified by 16S rRNA sequencing.

PMID 16208027 · 2005

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84I
Organisms: Haemophilus quentini
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

199

Nonmolecular test for detection of low-level resistance to fluoroquinolones in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 16436712 · 2006

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79Y
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|ciprofloxacin|sparfloxacin
Validation Method: disk diffusion test
Source Database: Reslit

200

Molecular analysis of fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella Paratyphi A isolate, India.

PMID 16704790 · 2006

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80R
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR amplification and direct DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

201

Molecular characterization of increasing fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Canada, 1997 to 2005.

PMID 17088485 · 2007

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79F, S79Y
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: full gene sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

202

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella Kentucky in travelers.

PMID 17176589 · 2006

Mutations in parC contribute to ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79Y parC: p.D83Y parC: p.S52G parC: p.N91D

Protein Change: S80I, T57S
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

203

Fluoroquinolone resistance in atypical pneumococci and oral streptococci: evidence of horizontal gene transfer of fluoroquinolone resistance determinants from Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 17548487 · 2007

Mutations in parC were associated with levofloxacin resistance in S. oralis and S. mitis.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79Y, D83Y, S52G, N91D
Organisms: Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mitis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR-RF-SSCP and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

204

Fluoroquinolone-resistant group B streptococci in acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis.

PMID 18258143 · 2008

Mutation in parC (Ser79→Tyr) associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80Y parC: p.S84Y parC: p.S80F parC: p.S80I parC: p.D69N parC: p.S81P parC: p.D85G

Protein Change: S79Y
Organisms: Streptococcus agalactiae
Confers Resistance To: pefloxacin|norfloxacin|ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|sparfloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

205

Mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region in Staphylococcus epidermidis recovered from conjunctiva and their association with susceptibility to various fluoroquinolones.

PMID 18460536 · 2008

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80Y, S84Y, S80F, S80I, D69N, S81P, D85G
Organisms: Staphylococcus epidermidis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|gatifloxacin|moxifloxacin|tosufloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

206

Molecular characterization of emerging non-levofloxacin-susceptible pneumococci isolated from children in South Africa.

PMID 19261799 · 2009

Mutation Information

parC: p.D78N parC: p.S79I parC: p.N91D parC: p.S52G

Protein Change: D78N, S79I, N91D, S52G
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

207

Changes in fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae after 7-valent conjugate vaccination, Spain.

PMID 19523289 · 2009

Mutation Information

parC: p.D78N parC: p.S80P parC: p.D83E

Protein Change: D78N, S80P, D83E
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Sequencing of transformants
Source Database: Reslit

208

Comparison of the metabolic activities of four wild-type Clostridium perfringens strains with their gatifloxacin-selected resistant mutants.

PMID 19855959 · 2009

Mutation in topoisomerase IV gene

Mutation Information

parC: p.D93Y

Protein Change: D93Y
Organisms: Clostridium perfringens
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

209

Repression of invasion genes and decreased invasion in a high-level fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella typhimurium mutant.

PMID 19946377 · 2009

Mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region

Mutation Information

parC: p.S87L parC: p.P105T

Protein Change: S80F
Organisms: Salmonella typhimurium
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequencing of PCR products
Source Database: Reslit

210

Prevalence, resistance mechanisms, and susceptibility of multidrug-resistant bloodstream isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 20086165 · 2010

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87L, P105T
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: point mutations resulting in amino acid changes were commonly found in the QRDR of gyrA (T83I, D87N, and D87G) and parC (S87L and P105T)
Source Database: Reslit

211

Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis and Evidence for a Shared Global Gene Pool with Streptococcus pyogenes.

PMID 20145082 · 2010

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79F parC: p.N91D parC: p.P140S

Protein Change: S79F, N91D, P140S
Organisms: Streptococcus dysgalactiae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

212

In vitro selection of resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. at in vivo fluoroquinolone concentrations.

PMID 20409341 · 2010

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80F parC: p.E84K

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp.
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|prulifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of parC gene
Source Database: Reslit

213

Mutant prevention concentration-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic indices as dosing targets for suppressing the enrichment of levofloxacin-resistant subpopulations of Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID 21343454 · 2011

Present in RN450 and RN450-A1 strains

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80F, E84K
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: nucleotide sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

214

Comparative genomics of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains with different antibiotic resistance profiles.

PMID 21746949 · 2011

Mutation Information

parC: p.A339G parC: p.D641Y

Protein Change: A339G, D641Y
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin|norfloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

215

Mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from food-producing animals.

PMID 21856834 · 2011

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.S80W parC: p.E84G parC: p.E84V

Protein Change: S80I, S80W, E84G, E84V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

216

QRDR mutations, efflux system & antimicrobial resistance genes in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from an outbreak of diarrhoea in Ahmedabad, India.

PMID 21911975 · 2011

Mutation Information

parC: p.A108V

Protein Change: A108V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

217

Emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.

PMID 22885270 · 2012

Mutations in gyrA and parC were identified in fluoroquinolone-resistant S. Typhi strains.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S87R parC: p.E91G

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

218

Molecular epidemiology of drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Russia (Current Status, 2015).

PMID 27506605 · 2016

Neisseria gonorrhoeae parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003929

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87R, E91G
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Validation Method: low-density oligonucleotide microarray analysis
Source Database: ReslitCard Database

219

Multidrug-Resistant Shigella Infections in Patients with Diarrhea, Cambodia, 2014-2015.

PMID 27532684 · 2016

Detected in S. sonnei isolate

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Source Database: Reslit

220

Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants in quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from patients with bacteremia in a university hospital in Taiwan, 2001-2015.

PMID 27573927 · 2016

mutations in gyrA and parC were found in PMQR-harboring isolates

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84V
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

221

Fitness Cost of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Differs by Type III Secretion Genotype.

PMID 27757111 · 2016

The parC mutation (S87L) was introduced via oligonucleotide recombination to create isogenic mutants.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: mutant creation and competition assays
Source Database: Reslit

222

Epidemiology and characteristics of Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ST131) from long-term care facility residents colonized intestinally with fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli.

PMID 27939288 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

223

In Vitro Activity of Gepotidacin (GSK2140944) against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID 28069643 · 2017

Mutation identified in isolate 12

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87R
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

224

Characterization of Multi-Drug Resistant Enterococcus faecalis Isolated from Cephalic Recording Chambers in Research Macaques (Macaca spp.).

PMID 28081148 · 2017

Single amino acid polymorphism in parC codon 80 (Ser to Ile)

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|enrofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

225

Characterization and Genetic Variation of Vibrio cholerae Isolated from Clinical and Environmental Sources in Thailand.

PMID 28103259 · 2017

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.E84A parC: p.E84G parC: p.S80R

Protein Change: S85L
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: in silico detection using MyDbFinder
Source Database: Reslit

226

Prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from diseased animals in Taiwan.

PMID 28250288 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84A, E84G, S80R
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|flumequine|enrofloxacin|ciprofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

227

Vibrio cholerae O1 with Reduced Susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin and Azithromycin Isolated from a Rural Coastal Area of Bangladesh.

PMID 28270803 · 2017

Mutation in parC is associated with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

parC: p.D86N parC: p.S87R parC: p.S88P parC: p.E91K

Protein Change: S85L
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

228

WGS to predict antibiotic MICs for Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID 28333355 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D86N, S87R, S88P, E91K
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: WGS and multivariate linear regression models
Source Database: Reslit

229

The PK-PD Relationship and Resistance Development of Danofloxacin against Mycoplasma gallisepticum in An In Vivo Infection Model.

PMID 28611739 · 2017

Mutations in gyrA and parC were identified in resistant mutant strains.

Mutation Information

parC: p.E84K

Protein Change: E84K
Confers Resistance To: danofloxacin|enrofloxacin|ofloxacin|levofloxacin|gatifloxacin|norfloxacin
Validation Method: PCR amplification and DNA sequencing; sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

230

High Prevalence of Macrolide-resistance and Molecular Characterization of Streptococcus pyogenes Isolates Circulating in China from 2009 to 2016.

PMID 28642756 · 2017

Mutation Information

parC: p.A121V parC: p.D91N parC: p.S140P parC: p.S79F parC: p.D83V parC: p.S79A

Protein Change: A121V, D91N, S140P, S79F, D83V, S79A
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

231

Mycoplasma genitalium Macrolide and Fluoroquinolone Resistance Detection and Clinical Implications in a Selected Cohort in New Zealand.

PMID 28878004 · 2017

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83R parC: p.D87N parC: p.G81C parC: p.S83N parC: p.S83I parC: c.C234T

Protein Change: S83R, D87N, G81C, S83N, S83I
Nucleotide Change: C234T
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

232

Population and Whole Genome Sequence Based Characterization of Invasive Group A Streptococci Recovered in the United States during 2015.

PMID 28928212 · 2017

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79F parC: p.S79Y parC: p.D83N parC: p.D83G parC: p.S81F

Protein Change: S79F, S79Y, D83N, D83G, S81F
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis; genomic analysis and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

233

Whole genome sequencing, molecular typing and in vivo virulence of OXA-48-producing Escherichia coli isolates including ST131 H30-Rx, H22 and H41 subclones.

PMID 28935873 · 2017

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83L parC: p.D87E

Protein Change: S80I, E84V
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

234

Emerging Treatment Options for Mycoplasma genitalium Infections

PMID 28979150 · 2023

Mutations in the parC gene are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87E
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

235

The Characteristic of Virulence, Biofilm and Antibiotic Resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

PMID 32872324 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: experimental data generated in this study
Source Database: Reslit

236

Genomic epidemiology of emerging ESBL-producing Salmonella Kentucky bla (CTX-M-14b) in Europe.

PMID 32896234 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

237

Genomic Serotyping, Clinical Manifestations, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Nontyphoidal Salmonella Gastroenteritis in Hospitalized Children in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

PMID 32907994 · 2020

associated with ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, S80R
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genotype-phenotype correlation
Source Database: Reslit

238

Multiple Introductions of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi H58 with Reduced Fluoroquinolone Susceptibility into Chile.

PMID 33079054 · 2020

Mutation in lineage II

Mutation Information

parC: p.S87L parC: p.V297I

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

239

Efflux Pump-Driven Antibiotic and Biocide Cross-Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Different Ecological Niches: A Case Study in the Development of Multidrug Resistance in Environmental Hotspots.

PMID 33114277 · 2020

mutations in parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87L, V297I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

240

Shanghai Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates Exhibit Resistance to Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporins and Clonal Distribution.

PMID 33123111 · 2020

ParC S88P substitution is associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S88P

Protein Change: S88P
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genotyping and MIC testing; association with resistance phenotype
Source Database: Reslit

241

Development of molecular assays for the rapid and cost-effective determination of fluoroquinolone, macrolide and lincosamide susceptibility of Mycoplasma synoviae isolates.

PMID 33125410 · 2020

Mutation Information

parC: p.T85I

Protein Change: T85I
Organisms: Mycoplasma synoviae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: melt-MAMA
Source Database: Reslit

242

Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance in Surrogates of Francisella tularensis (LVS and Francisella novicida): Effects on Biofilm Formation and Fitness.

PMID 33193267 · 2020

Mutations in parC are associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.E84K

Protein Change: E84K
Organisms: Francisella novicida, Francisella tularensis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

243

Features of Streptococcus agalactiae strains recovered from pregnant women and newborns attending different hospitals in Ethiopia.

PMID 33198686 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80F
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

244

Molecular Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Among the Pediatric Population in Qatar.

PMID 33262745 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84V
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

245

Genomic Analysis of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates Belonging to Major Endemic Clones in South America.

PMID 33329450 · 2020

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80F parC: p.S80A

Protein Change: S80L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

246

The Persister Character of Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus Contributes to Faster Evolution to Resistance and Higher Survival in THP-1 Monocytes: A Study With Moxifloxacin.

PMID 33329458 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80F, S80A
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

247

Genomic Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance and Resistance Plasmids in Salmonella Serovars from Poultry in Nigeria.

PMID 33498344 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S, S80I
Organisms: Salmonella
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

248

Whole-genome analyses of extended-spectrum or AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates from companion dogs in Japan.

PMID 33544781 · 2021

associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79F parC: p.S79Y parC: p.I218T parC: p.I219F

Protein Change: S80I, E84V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

249

Predominance of III/ST19 and Ib/ST10 Lineages With High Multidrug Resistance in Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Group B Streptococci Isolates in Which a New Integrative and Conjugative Element Was Identified.

PMID 33569045 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79F, S79Y, I218T, I219F
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

250

Multidrug Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST101 Clone Survival Chain From Inpatients to Hospital Effluent After Chlorine Treatment.

PMID 33584574 · 2020

amino acid substitution in ParC

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80Y
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Source Database: Reslit

251

Detection of gyrA and parC Mutations and Prevalence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae.

PMID 33603418 · 2021

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80R parC: p.S80L parC: p.E84K

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

252

Overexpression of Efflux Pumps, Mutations in the Pumps' Regulators, Chromosomal Mutations, and AAC(6′)-Ib-cr Are Associated With Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Diverse Sequence Types of Neonatal Septicaemic Acinetobacter baumannii: A 7-Year Single Center Study.

PMID 33776950 · 2021

Chromosomal mutations in parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Chromosomal mutations in ParC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80R, S80L, E84K
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: Mutations in the QRDRs of both GyrA/ParC alter the three-dimensional structure of the target protein. Alteration of the target protein structure reduces the affinity of quinolones for the enzyme-DNA complex
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing; sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

253

Quinolone resistant Salmonella species isolated from pediatric patients with diarrhea in central Iran.

PMID 33784974 · 2021

Mutation in parC at amino acid 80 (serine to isoleucine)

Mutation Information

parC: p.S87R parC: p.S88P

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica, Salmonella Typhi
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Source Database: Reslit

254

Emergence and evolution of antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID 33785063 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87R, S88P
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis and phylogenetic reconstruction
Source Database: Reslit

255

Clonal Clusters, Molecular Resistance Mechanisms and Virulence Factors of Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from Chronic Wounds in Ghana.

PMID 33810142 · 2021

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.S80R parC: p.E84G parC: p.S80L

Protein Change: S80I
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

256

Antimicrobial Resistance Profile and ExPEC Virulence Potential in Commensal Escherichia coli of Multiple Sources.

PMID 33810387 · 2021

Mutation Information

parC: p.I355T

Protein Change: I355T
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|enrofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

257

Prevalence and Characterization of Quinolone-Resistance Determinants in Escherichia coli Isolated from Food-Producing Animals and Animal-Derived Food in the Philippines.

PMID 33918946 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, S80R, E84G, S80L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acidfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing; sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

258

The Building Blocks of Antimicrobial Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Implications for Current Resistance-Breaking Therapies.

PMID 33937104 · 2021

Mutations in parC are associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87L
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

259

Characterization of beta-lactam-resistant Escherichia coli from Australian fruit bats indicates anthropogenic origins.

PMID 33950805 · 2021

Mutation Information

parC: p.D86N parC: p.S87N parC: p.E91K

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

260

Genetic Determinants of Antibiotic Resistance in Francisella.

PMID 34054749 · 2021

Mutation Information

parC: p.E82K

Protein Change: E82K
Organisms: Francisella tularensis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

261

Genomic surveillance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the Philippines, 2013-2014.

PMID 34094619 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D86N, S87N, E91K
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic prediction and phenotypic testing
Source Database: Reslit

262

Genome profiling of fluoroquinolone-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from Brazil.

PMID 34105110 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid|levofloxacin|norfloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

263

Retrospective analysis of infection and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Mycoplasma genitalium among pregnant women in the southwestern USA.

PMID 34127494 · 2021

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83N

Protein Change: S83N
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

264

Molecular Evolution and Adaptation of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) Sequence Type 9.

PMID 34156294 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80F
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

265

Mutations in bdcA and valS Correlate with Quinolone Resistance in Wastewater Escherichia coli.

PMID 34199768 · 2021

known mutation

Mutation Information

parC: p.S84L parC: p.E88K

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|norfloxacin|ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: genome-wide association study (GWAS)
Source Database: Reslit

266

Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in Genomes and Plasmids from Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates.

PMID 34206348 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L, E88K
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

267

Phenotypic and Genotypic Properties of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant, qnr-Carrying Escherichia coli Isolated from the German Food Chain in 2017.

PMID 34208509 · 2021

Mutation Information

parC: p.E80K parC: p.E62K

Protein Change: E80K, E62K
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: WGS and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

268

High prevalence of circulating dual-class resistant Mycoplasma genitalium in asymptomatic MSM in Tokyo, Japan.

PMID 34223146 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

269

Outbreak of NDM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in the intensive care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic: Another nightmare.

PMID 34273465 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Source Database: Reslit

270

Acquisition and loss of CTX-M plasmids in Shigella species associated with MSM transmission in the UK.

PMID 34427554 · 2021

Present in 2020 S. sonnei strain

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84G
Organisms: Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

271

Update on the Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance and the Mobile Resistome in the Emerging Zoonotic Pathogen Streptococcus suis.

PMID 34442843 · 2021

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79P

Protein Change: S79P
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

272

Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated From Female Patients in Shanghai, China.

PMID 34485168 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84V
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

273

Genetic Diversity of Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates Carrying bla (VIM-2) and bla (KPC-2) Genes That Spread on Different Genetic Environment in Colombia.

PMID 34512563 · 2021

Mutation Information

parC: p.E89K parC: p.S89L

Protein Change: S87L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

274

Quinolone Resistance of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Revealed through Genome and Transcriptome Analyses.

PMID 34576206 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: E89K, S89L
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing; sequencing of PCR-amplified genes
Source Database: Reslit

275

Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium fluoroquinolone-resistance markers, and dual-class-resistance markers, in asymptomatic men who have sex with men.

PMID 34590993 · 2021

Mutation Information

parC: p.S255T parC: p.S395N parC: p.A469S parC: p.T620A

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

276

Sequence Analyses and Phenotypic Characterization Revealed Multidrug Resistant Gene Insertions in the Genomic Region Encompassing Phase 2 Flagellin Encoding fljAB Genes in Monophasic Variant Salmonella enterica Serovar 4,5,12:i:- Isolates From Various Sources in Thailand.

PMID 34675896 · 2021

Non-synonymous mutations in parC gene associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S255T, S395N, A469S, T620A
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: genomic sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

277

Cl415, a carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolate containing four AbaR4 and a new variant of AbGRI2, represents a novel global clone 2 strain.

PMID 34741594 · 2022

Mutation Information

parC: p.S91I parC: p.E95K parC: p.E95V

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

278

Defining Fluoroquinolone Resistance-Mediating Mutations from Non-Resistance Polymorphisms in Mycoplasma hominis Topoisomerases.

PMID 34827317 · 2021

The S91I mutation in parC was found in isolates U006 and MH15-03. The E95K and E95V mutations in parC were found in isolates S019M and DF28, respectively.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91I, E95K, E95V
Organisms: Mycoplasma hominis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing
Source Database: Reslit

279

Clones and Clusters of Antimicrobial-Resistant Klebsiella From Southwestern Nigeria.

PMID 34850837 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87G
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Source Database: Reslit

280

Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Bovine Pasteurella multocida Serogroup A Strain Reveals Insights Into Virulence Attenuation.

PMID 34859092 · 2021

Mutation Information

parC: p.L84S

Protein Change: L84S
Organisms: Pasteurella multocida
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequence alignment
Source Database: Reslit

281

Genomic diversity of antimicrobial resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella in Victoria, Australia.

PMID 34907895 · 2021

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: c.T242C

Protein Change: S80I, T57S
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

282

Genomic comparisons of Escherichia coli ST131 from Australia.

PMID 34910614 · 2021

Dual gyrA-1AB and parC-1aAB mutations are unique to clade C ST131 isolates but were identified in some clade A isolates.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Nucleotide Change: T242C
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: mutation screening
Source Database: Reslit

283

High-Level Quinolone-Resistant Haemophilus haemolyticus in Pediatric Patient with No History of Quinolone Exposure.

PMID 34932443 · 2022

Mutation Information

parC: p.S84R

Protein Change: S84R
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|tosufloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: comparison with reference strains
Source Database: Reslit

284

Genomic evolution of the globally disseminated multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clonal group 147.

PMID 35019836 · 2022

Mutation in parC leads to decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.E84G parC: p.L88Q

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genome sequencing and antimicrobial-susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

285

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Gram-negative isolates from a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India with novel gyrA and parC gene mutations.

PMID 35035040 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84G, L88Q
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

286

NDM-1 Introduction in Portugal through a ST11 KL105 Klebsiella pneumoniae Widespread in Europe.

PMID 35052969 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

287

Similarities in Virulence and Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Gene Profiles among Cefotaxime-Resistant Escherichia coli Wastewater and Clinical Isolates.

PMID 35203862 · 2022

Mutation Information

parC: ?

Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

288

Characterization of a Neisseria gonorrhoeae Ciprofloxacin panel for an antimicrobial resistant Isolate Bank.

PMID 35271599 · 2022

Mutation at position 259 (AGT259CGT) leading to S87R in parC

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87R
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

289

Genomic Profiling of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Surface Water of Agricultural Drainage in North-Western Mexico: Detection of the International High-Risk Lineages ST410 and ST617.

PMID 35336237 · 2022

Single amino acid exchange in ParC

Mutation Information

parC: p.E84V parC: p.S80I

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

290

Wild Boars as an Indicator of Environmental Spread of ESβL-Producing Escherichia coli.

PMID 35432265 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: E84V, S80I
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: genome analysis
Source Database: Reslit

291

Molecular Basis of Antimicrobial Resistance in Group B Streptococcus Clinical Isolates from Saudi Arabia.

PMID 39221186 · 2024

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79A parC: p.S79F parC: p.S79Y

Protein Change: S79A, S79F, S79Y
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

292

Nonlinear impacts of temperature on antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli.

PMID 39280591 · 2024

Mutation Information

parC: p.E368K

Protein Change: E368K
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: gatifloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

293

Genetic and in-silico approaches for investigating the mechanisms of ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella typhi: Mutations, extrusion, and antimicrobial resistance.

PMID 39397980 · 2024

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.S80R parC: p.E84K parC: p.E84G

Protein Change: S80I, S80R, E84K, E84G
Organisms: Salmonella typhi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

294

Genomic dynamics of high-risk carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae clones carrying hypervirulence determinants in Egyptian clinical settings.

PMID 39438795 · 2024

found in some isolates

Mutation Information

parC: p.E84K parC: p.S80I

Protein Change: E84K, S80I
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Source Database: Reslit

295

Molecular Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli from Fecal Samples of Wild Animals.

PMID 39453061 · 2024

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.A56T parC: p.E84G

Protein Change: S80I, A56T, E84G
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

296

Analysis of molecular mechanisms of delafloxacin resistance in Escherichia coli.

PMID 39488602 · 2024

Mutations in QRDRs are associated with delafloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: delafloxacin|ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

297

Serotypes, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Potential Mechanisms of Resistance Gene Transfer in Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Strains from Waterfowl in Poland.

PMID 39596258 · 2024

Mutation in parC gene

Mutation Information

parC: p.S81I

Protein Change: S81I
Organisms: Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

298

Molecular Epidemiology and Clinical Characterization of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacter Species From an International Cohort.

PMID 39667036 · 2025

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80F parC: p.S81P parC: p.E84G

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Enterobacter xiangfangensis, Enterobacter hoffmannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and mutation detection
Source Database: Reslit

299

Comparative In vitro antibacterial activity of nemonoxacin and other fluoroquinolones in correlation with resistant mechanisms in contemporary methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus blood isolates in Taiwan.

PMID 39825371 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80F, S81P, E84G
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: nemonoxacin|moxifloxacin|levofloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

300

Prevalence of Site-Specific Mycoplasma genitalium Infection and Macrolide and Fluoroquinolone-Associated Mutations in Men Who Have Sex with Men in Shenzhen, China.

PMID 39830035 · 2025

Mutation in parC gene leads to macrolide resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.G81C

Protein Change: G81C
Confers Resistance To: macrolides
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

301

Highly drug resistant clone of Salmonella Kentucky ST198 in clinical infections and poultry in Zimbabwe.

PMID 39843602 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

302

Retrospective analysis of antimicrobial resistance associated with bovine respiratory disease.

PMID 39918326 · 2025

Mutation Information

parC: p.E89K

Protein Change: E89K
Organisms: Mannheimia haemolytica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis; Table 2
Source Database: Reslit

303

The rise in domestic shigellosis and the genomic characteristics of Shigella clones linked to men who have sex with men in Taiwan, 2015‒2022.

PMID 39945556 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

304

Genomic Characterization and Antimicrobial Resistance of ESBL-Producing, Escherichia coli Isolates in Suzhou, China.

PMID 39996143 · 2025

Mutation Information

parC: p.E84V parC: p.S80I parC: p.I529L / c.A1587C

Protein Change: S80I, E84V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

305

Widespread dissemination of Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Campylobacter resistant to medically important antimicrobials in the poultry production continuum in Canada.

PMID 39999076 · 2025

Mutations in parC were associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S468F

Protein Change: S468F
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Campylobacter
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

306

Ribosome Phenotypes Can Be Used to Classify Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Clinical E. coli Isolates

PMID 40011610 · 2023

Mutations in parC lead to ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: E84V, S80I, I529L
Nucleotide Change: A1587C
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing; experimental validation via MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

307

Integrative and conjugative elements associated with antimicrobial resistance in multidrug resistant Pasteurella multocida isolates from bovine respiratory disease (BRD)-affected animals in Spanish feedlots.

PMID 40055923 · 2025

Mutations in parC were associated with resistance to enrofloxacin and danofloxacin.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S84L parC: p.E88K

Protein Change: S84L, E88K
Organisms: Pasteurella multocida
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin|danofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

308

Genomic Diversity, Virulome, and Resistome of Streptococcus agalactiae in Northeastern Brazil: Are Multi-Host Adapted Strains Rising?

PMID 40137777 · 2025

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79F parC: p.N638S parC: p.E640D parC: p.R691S parC: p.S739F

Protein Change: S79F, N638S, E640D, R691S, S739F
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

309

Differences in antimicrobial resistance between exoU and exoS isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 40261546 · 2025

Mutations in parC were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutations in ParC correlate with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

parC: p.S87I

Protein Change: S87I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and antibiotic susceptibility testing; association with resistance
Source Database: Reslit

310

Analysis of intrahospital and global dissemination and resistome dynamics of NDM-1-producing ST773 Pseudomonas aeruginosa high-risk clone.

PMID 40264752 · 2025

mutation leads to decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83L parC: p.E87K parC: p.T96C parC: p.Q84K parC: p.T85A

Protein Change: S87L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

311

Antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic mechanisms of resistance of Ureaplasma isolates in North America between 2012 and 2023.

PMID 40323432 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, E87K, T96C, Q84K, T85A
Organisms: Ureaplasma urealyticum, Ureaplasma parvum
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

312

Non-typhoidal Salmonella transmission reservoirs in Sub-Saharan Africa: a genomic assessment from a one health perspective.

PMID 40361223 · 2025

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.E84G parC: p.S80L

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genotypic detection via ResFinder
Source Database: Reslit

313

Mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance among Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infections in Thailand.

PMID 40445988 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84G, S80L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: DNA sequencing; PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

314

Genomic insights into antibiotic-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from outpatients in Minhang District in Shanghai.

PMID 40506473 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

315

Variants of β-lactamase-encoding genes are disseminated by multiple genetically distinct lineages of bloodstream Escherichia coli.

PMID 40595425 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84V
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

316

Structural basis of topoisomerase targeting by delafloxacin.

PMID 40595483 · 2025

Mutation at ParC S79 is associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.E84G parC: p.S80I

Protein Change: S79F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: mutant ParC S79 residue is associated with drug resistance
Validation Method: structural analysis and biochemical studies
Source Database: Reslit

317

Genomic Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Profiles in Escherichia coli Linked to Sternal Bursitis in Chickens: A One Health Perspective.

PMID 40711335 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: E84G, S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

318

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Human Health Implications of Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter spp. in Vermont Backyard Poultry.

PMID 40734185 · 2025

Mutation Information

parC: p.T255S

Protein Change: T255S
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genotypic testing; genotypic and phenotypic testing
Source Database: Reslit

319

Analysis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium from nucleic acid amplification test specimens, Nunavut region of Inuit Nunangat, Canada, 2020-2023.

PMID 40801545 · 2025

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83I parC: p.S83R parC: p.S83N parC: p.S83C parC: p.D87Y parC: p.D87V parC: p.D87G parC: p.D87N parC: p.L97R

Protein Change: S83I, S83R, S83N, S83C, D87Y, D87V, D87G, D87N, L97R
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

320

In vitro evolution provides insights into mechanisms of Mycoplasma genitalium resistance to moxifloxacin.

PMID 40971933 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: amplicon sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

321

Analysis of the microbial spectrum of urinary tract infections and antibiotic resistance of UPEC in Central Inner Mongolia, China.

PMID 41070133 · 2025

Mutation Information

parC: p.S87R parC: p.S87N parC: p.S88P

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: Sequencing of PCR-amplified genes
Source Database: Reslit

322

Global concerns, local challenges: the alarming spread of FC428-related gonococcal strains in Nanchang City, 2021.

PMID 41168755 · 2025

single nucleotide polymorphism

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87R, S87N, S88P
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

323

Global genomic survey of Salmonella Kentucky: discovery of a chromosomeborne bla(NDM-5) and the emergence of ST314, an MDR clone mediated by the IncR plasmid.

PMID 41183222 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid|ofloxacin
Validation Method: mutation analysis in strains
Source Database: Reslit

324

Integrative review on Acinetobacter baumannii as a multidrug-resistant pathogen: resistance mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives in the context of nosocomial infections.

PMID 41259442 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: experimental data generated in this study
Source Database: Reslit

325

Detection and Preliminary Genomic Characterization of Poultry-Derived Salmonella enterica from Southern Kazakhstan.

PMID 41463698 · 2025

Mutation Information

parC: p.S85L parC: p.I231V

Protein Change: T57S
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

326

Whole Genome Sequencing of Drug-Resistant Vibrio cholerae Serotype Ogawa from an Outbreak in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

PMID 41599023 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S85L, I231V
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and antibiotic susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

327

Drug-resistant genes, virulence characteristics, and molecular typing of clindamycin-resistant Streptococcus agalactiae in late pregnancy.

PMID 41641354 · 2025

Dual mutation with gyrA_S81L

Mutation Information

parC: p.S91I parC: p.S92P parC: p.E95Q

Protein Change: S79Y
Organisms: Streptococcus agalactiae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

328

Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the DNA gyrase (gyrA) gene from Mycoplasma hominis and characterization of quinolone-resistant mutants selected in vitro with trovafloxacin.

PMID 10991851 · 2000

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91I, S92P, E95Q
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin|sparfloxacin|trovafloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

329

Correlation of in vitro susceptibilities to newer quinolones of naturally occurring quinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains with changes in GyrA and ParC.

PMID 11181352 · 2001

Mutation Information

parC: p.D86N parC: p.S87N parC: p.S87R parC: p.S88P parC: p.E91K parC: p.E91Q

Protein Change: D86N, S87N, S87R, S88P, E91K, E91Q
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

330

High-level ciprofloxacin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: first report from Israel.

PMID 11266311 · 2001

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79Y parC: p.D83N

Protein Change: S80R
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

331

Contributions of the 8-Methoxy Group of Gatifloxacin to Resistance Selectivity, Target Preference, and Antibacterial Activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 11353607 · 2001

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79Y, D83N
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: selection of mutant strains and MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

332

Genetic analyses of mutations contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 11709333 · 2001

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79F parC: p.A63T

Protein Change: S79F, A63T
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: genetic transformation
Source Database: Reslit

333

Type II topoisomerase quinolone resistance-determining regions of Aeromonas caviae, A. hydrophila, and A. sobria complexes and mutations associated with quinolone resistance.

PMID 11796341 · 2002

Mutations at positions 80 and 84 in parC lead to quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, S80R, E84K
Organisms: Aeromonas caviae, Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas sobria
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|oxolinic acid|pipemidic acid|flumequine|norfloxacin|pefloxacin|ofloxacin|sparfloxacin|ciprofloxacin|enrofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

334

Topoisomerase II and IV quinolone resistance-determining regions in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical isolates with different levels of quinolone susceptibility.

PMID 11850246 · 2002

One strain showed a mutation in parC

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79F parC: p.K137N

Protein Change: S80R
Organisms: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

335

In vitro activities of novel nonfluorinated quinolones PGE 9262932 and PGE 9509924 against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae with defined mutations in DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.

PMID 12019071 · 2002

Mutations in parC are associated with quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79F, K137N
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

336

Inhibitory activities of quinolones against DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV of Enterococcus faecalis.

PMID 12019093 · 2002

Mutation in parC was associated with high-level levofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S85I

Protein Change: S85I
Organisms: Enterococcus faecalis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: genetic analysis and MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

337

High-efficiency generation of antibiotic-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae by PCR and transformation.

PMID 12654655 · 2003

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79A

Protein Change: S79A
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and transformation
Source Database: Reslit

338

Activities of mutant prevention concentration-targeted moxifloxacin and levofloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model.

PMID 12878526 · 2003

Mutation Information

parC: p.Y57S parC: p.S80R

Protein Change: S79Y
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

339

Mutations in Topoisomerase Genes of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Salmonellae in Hong Kong.

PMID 14576119 · 2003

Mutation Information

Protein Change: Y57S, S80R
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin|sparfloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin|gemifloxacin
Validation Method: direct nucleotide sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

340

Salmonella enterica serotype Choleraesuis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical disease, and treatment.

PMID 15084503 · 2004

Mutations in parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

341

Ciprofloxacin Dimers Target Gyrase in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 15155208 · 2004

Mutation in parC confers resistance to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S81F parC: p.S82P

Protein Change: S79F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and RFLP analysis
Source Database: Reslit

342

Activities of Different Fluoroquinolones against Bacillus anthracis Mutants Selected In Vitro and Harboring Topoisomerase Mutations

PMID 15273116 · 2004

Mutations in ParC contributed to high-level resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81F, S82P
Organisms: Bacillus anthracis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

343

Fluoroquinolone resistance in penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae clones, Spain.

PMID 15504260 · 2004

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79F parC: p.S79Y parC: p.S79A parC: p.S79R parC: p.Q90H parC: p.S80P

Protein Change: S79F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|gatifloxacin|moxifloxacin|gemifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and transformation experiments
Source Database: Reslit

344

Prevalence and molecular analysis of macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance among isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae collected during the 2000-2001 PROTEKT US Study.

PMID 15528684 · 2004

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79F, S79Y, S79A, S79R, Q90H, S80P
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

345

Detection of gyrA and parC mutations associated with ciprofloxacin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae by use of oligonucleotide biochip technology.

PMID 15583317 · 2004

Mutation Information

parC: p.D95G parC: p.S87R parC: p.E91Q

Protein Change: D95G, S87R, E91Q
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: biochip assay and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

346

Nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi presenting as a primary psoas abscess: case report and review of the literature.

PMID 15695728 · 2005

Mutation Information

parC: p.G85D parC: p.D86N parC: p.E91G parC: p.E91K

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: point mutations in the gyrA and parC genes
Source Database: Reslit

347

In vitro assessment of the further potential for development of fluoroquinolone resistance in Neisseria meningitidis.

PMID 15855492 · 2005

parC

Mutation Information

Protein Change: G85D, D86N, E91G, E91K
Organisms: Neisseria meningitidis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC determination
Source Database: ReslitReference Gene Catalog

348

Relative fitness of fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 15963274 · 2005

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79F, S79Y
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

349

Characterization of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella isolated from imported foods.

PMID 16541678 · 2006

Mutation Information

parC: p.D86N parC: p.D95G

Protein Change: S80L
Organisms: Salmonella
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

350

Disseminated gonococcal infection in an immunocompetent patient caused by an imported Neisseria gonorrhoeae multidrug-resistant strain.

PMID 17021122 · 2006

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D86N, D95G
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

351

Fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 17073107 · 2006

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79Y
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and transformation experiments
Source Database: Reslit

352

Fitness costs of fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 17116668 · 2007

Mutation Information

parC: p.S44F parC: p.Y49C parC: p.L138R parC: p.G71E parC: p.R209S

Protein Change: S79F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin|gatifloxacin
Validation Method: transformation and MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

353

Fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: area under the concentration-time curve/MIC ratio and resistance development with gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin.

PMID 17296740 · 2007

Mutation Information

parC: p.S52G

Protein Change: S52G
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

354

Resistance mechanisms of multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from Germany and correlation with hypermutation.

PMID 17876002 · 2007

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S44F, Y49C, L138R, G71E, R209S
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

355

Ureaplasma urealyticum meningitis in an adult patient.

PMID 18174297 · 2008

Mutations in quinolone resistance-determining region

Mutation Information

parC: p.A123T parC: p.A134T

Protein Change: A123T, A134T
Organisms: Ureaplasma urealyticum
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

356

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium, China.

PMID 18325271 · 2008

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80R
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: point mutations identified in 35 of 36 nalidixic acid-resistant isolates
Source Database: Reslit

357

Interspecies Recombination Occurs Frequently in Quinolone Resistance-Determining Regions of Clinical Isolates of Streptococcus pyogenes.

PMID 18765693 · 2008

mutation in quinolone resistance-determining region

Mutation Information

parC: p.D91N

Protein Change: D91N
Organisms: Streptococcus pyogenes
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: phylogenetic analysis and statistical test
Source Database: Reslit

358

Rapid determination of quinolone resistance in Acinetobacter spp.

PMID 19297590 · 2009

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84K
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR/ESI-MS and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

359

Rapid assessment of the effect of ciprofloxacin on chromosomal DNA from Escherichia coli using an in situ DNA fragmentation assay.

PMID 19364397 · 2009

Mutations in ParC associated with reduced ciprofloxacin sensitivity.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84K
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: exposure to ciprofloxacin and measurement of DNA fragmentation
Source Database: Reslit

360

Fitness costs and stability of a high-level ciprofloxacin resistance phenotype in Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis: reduced infectivity associated with decreased expression of Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 genes.

PMID 19917752 · 2010

Mutation Information

parC: p.D79N

Protein Change: D79N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR amplification and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

361

Complete genome sequence of the multiresistant taxonomic outlier Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA7.

PMID 20107499 · 2010

Mutation in parC contributes to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

362

High prevalence of mutations in quinolone-resistance-determining regions and mtrR loci in polyclonal Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates at a tertiary hospital in Southern Taiwan.

PMID 20206836 · 2010

Mutation in parC was associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87R
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: gene sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

363

Analysis of the resistome of a multidrug-resistant NDM-1-producing Escherichia coli strain by high-throughput genome sequencing.

PMID 21746951 · 2011

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones|fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: modified topoisomerase
Validation Method: Genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

364

Pseudomonas aeruginosa: resistance to the max.

PMID 21747788 · 2011

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80Y
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: experimental validation
Source Database: Reslit

365

Drug-resistance mechanisms in Vibrio cholerae O1 outbreak strain, Haiti, 2010.

PMID 22099122 · 2011

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80L parC: p.S80R

Protein Change: S85L
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

366

The Acinetobacter baumannii Oxymoron: Commensal Hospital Dweller Turned Pan-Drug-Resistant Menace.

PMID 22536199 · 2012

Mutations in parC are often accompanied by mutations in gyrA.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80L, S80R
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

367

Pneumococci can persistently colonize adult patients with chronic respiratory disease.

PMID 23052300 · 2012

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79F parC: p.S79Y parC: p.D78N

Protein Change: S79F, S79Y, D78N
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: PCR amplification and sequencing of parC gene
Source Database: Reslit

368

Identification of an NDM-5-producing Escherichia coli Sequence Type 167 in a Neonatal Patient in China.

PMID 27406405 · 2016

Mutation Information

parC: p.S57T parC: p.S80I parC: p.S80W

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

369

Abstracts from the 3rd International Genomic Medicine Conference (3rd IGMC 2015) : Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 30 November - 3 December 2015.

PMID 27454254 · 2016

Wild type parC genes were found in 4/18 phenotypic FQ resistant NTS isolates

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S57T, S80I, S80W
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

370

South Asia as a Reservoir for the Global Spread of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Shigella sonnei: A Cross-Sectional Study.

PMID 27483136 · 2016

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.D87N parC: p.A108T

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: phylogenetic analysis and mutation mapping
Source Database: Reslit

371

Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Mycoplasma genitalium, Southwestern France.

PMID 27533360 · 2016

Mutation Information

parC: p.D84Y

Protein Change: D84Y
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

372

Genetic characterization of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli associated with bovine mastitis in India.

PMID 27536030 · 2016

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, D87N, A108T
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin|enrofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

373

Molecular Characteristics of Group B Streptococci Isolated from Adults with Invasive Infections in Japan.

PMID 27558182 · 2016

Amino acid substitutions in parC confer quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79F parC: p.S79Y parC: p.D83G

Protein Change: S79F, S79Y, D83G
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

374

Novel Levofloxacin-Resistant Multidrug-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 11A Isolates, South Korea.

PMID 27767906 · 2016

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79F parC: p.K137N parC: p.D83G parC: p.D83N parC: p.N91D

Protein Change: S79F, K137N, D83G, D83N, N91D
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|ofloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of QRDRs
Source Database: Reslit

375

Evaluation of Machine Learning and Rules-Based Approaches for Predicting Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles in Gram-negative Bacilli from Whole Genome Sequence Data.

PMID 27965630 · 2016

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: attribute selection
Source Database: Reslit

376

Mutation Supply and Relative Fitness Shape the Genotypes of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Escherichia coli.

PMID 28087782 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: mutant construction and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

377

The ST131 Escherichia coli H22 subclone from human intestinal microbiota: Comparison of genomic and phenotypic traits with those of the globally successful H30 subclone.

PMID 28347271 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

378

Introduction and establishment of fluoroquinolone-resistant Shigella sonnei into Bhutan.

PMID 28348825 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

379

Multidrug-resistant Mycoplasma genitalium infections in Europe.

PMID 28361246 · 2017

Mutation in parC gene leading to moxifloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

380

Whole-Genome Sequencing of Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Isolates from Dairy Cattle and Humans in New York and Washington States Reveals Source and Geographic Associations.

PMID 28389536 · 2017

Mutation in parC is associated with quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.C1713T

Protein Change: C1713T
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

381

Genomic Analysis of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli from North Carolina Community Hospitals: Ongoing Circulation of CTX-M-Producing ST131-H30Rx and ST131-H30R1 Strains.

PMID 28584139 · 2017

Mutation Information

parC: p.S87W parC: p.S87L

Protein Change: S80I, E84V
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

382

Genomics and Susceptibility Profiles of Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Spain.

PMID 28874376 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87W, S87L
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and phenotypic testing
Source Database: Reslit

383

Epidemic characterization and molecular genotyping of Shigella flexneri isolated from calves with diarrhea in Northwest China.

PMID 28878891 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Shigella flexneri
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|norfloxacin|enrofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

384

Profiling Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Markers of Enterovirulent Escherichia Coli from Fecal Isolates of Adult Patients with Enteric Infections in West Cameroon.

PMID 32864313 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid|ofloxacin|norfloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

385

Phylogenetic and Evolutionary Analysis Reveals the Recent Dominance of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Shigella sonnei and Local Persistence of S. flexneri Clones in India.

PMID 33028681 · 2020

Mutation in par C contributes to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid|norfloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

386

The impact of therapeutic-dose induced intestinal enrofloxacin concentrations in healthy pigs on fecal Escherichia coli populations.

PMID 33032597 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80F
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

387

Trends in Population Dynamics of Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 2006-2016

PMID 33219650 · 2020

Mutation Information

parC: p.K30N parC: p.G32S

Protein Change: S80I, E84V
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

388

Neisseria gonorrhoeae clustering to reveal major European whole-genome-sequencing-based genogroups in association with antimicrobial resistance.

PMID 33245688 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: K30N, G32S
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: in silico typing and AMR prediction
Source Database: Reslit

389

Macrolide and fluoroquinolone associated mutations in Mycoplasma genitalium in a retrospective study of male and female patients seeking care at a STI Clinic in Guangzhou, China, 2016-2018.

PMID 33308173 · 2020

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83I parC: p.D87Y parC: p.S83N parC: p.S83R parC: p.D87G

Protein Change: S83I, D87Y, S83N, S83R, D87G
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

390

Genome sequences of antibiotic-resistant Streptococcus suis strains isolated from human patients and diseased and asymptomatic pigs in Thailand.

PMID 33316429 · 2021

Mutations in parC gene associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

parC: p.D71Y parC: p.S67F

Protein Change: D71Y, S67F
Organisms: Streptococcus suis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: mutation of par C, resulting in amino acid changes in the ParC subunit of DNA topoisomerase IV at positions known to be related to fluoroquinolone resistance
Source Database: Reslit

391

Escherichia coli-associated granulomatous colitis in dogs treated according to antimicrobial susceptibility profiling.

PMID 33321554 · 2021

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.D105N

Protein Change: S80I, D105N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|enrofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

392

Characterization of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Jurong Lake, Singapore with Whole-Genome-Sequencing.

PMID 33499011 · 2021

Mutation in parC contributes to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80L parC: p.A84V

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Table 2
Source Database: Reslit

393

Current Evidence for Corynebacterium on the Ocular Surface.

PMID 33513871 · 2021

Mutations in parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance in Corynebacterium species.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80L, A84V
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

394

Genomic and phenotypic diversity of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from endophthalmitis.

PMID 33852628 · 2021

Mutations in gyrA and parC were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S82I parC: p.S80F

Protein Change: S82I, S80F
Organisms: Enterococcus faecalis
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin|ofloxacinciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing; MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

395

Salmonella Typhi acquires diverse plasmids from other Enterobacteriaceae to develop cephalosporin resistance.

PMID 33965548 · 2021

Mutation Information

parC: p.D87N parC: p.S80I parC: p.E84K

Protein Change: D87N, S80I, E84K
Organisms: S. Typhi
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

396

Contribution of Different Mechanisms to Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Salmonella spp.

PMID 34025618 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

397

Emergence of Invasive Serotype Ib Sequence Type 10 Group B Streptococcus Disease in Chinese Infants Is Driven by a Tetracycline-Sensitive Clone.

PMID 34055663 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79F, S79Y
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

398

Novel Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Parameters Quantify the Exposure-Effect Relationship of Levofloxacin against Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli.

PMID 34063980 · 2021

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.S80R parC: p.E84A parC: p.E84G

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: genotyping and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

399

Molecular characterization of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli from broiler breeder farms.

PMID 34182220 · 2021

Mutations in parC are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, S80R, E84A, E84G
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|enrofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

400

Molecular Characterization and Survive Abilities of Salmonella Heidelberg Strains of Poultry Origin in Brazil.

PMID 34220757 · 2021

Mutation in parC subunit C

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S
Organisms: Salmonella Heidelberg
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: point mutation detection
Source Database: Reslit

401

Molecular Characterization of Cephalosporin and Fluoroquinolone Resistant Salmonella Choleraesuis Isolated from Patients with Systemic Salmonellosis in Thailand.

PMID 34356765 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S
Organisms: Salmonella Choleraesuis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

402

Molecular characterization of a ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain found in Switzerland: a case report.

PMID 34362393 · 2021

Mutation Information

parC: p.E91K parC: p.E91G parC: p.V68A

Protein Change: S87R
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing and phenotypic susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

403

Antimicrobial Resistance Profiling and Phylogenetic Analysis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Clinical Isolates From Kenya in a Resource-Limited Setting.

PMID 34385981 · 2021

Mutations in ParC occur close to Ser 88, involved in hydrogen bonding with moxifloxacin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: E91K, E91G, V68A
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and mutation analysis; homology modeling
Source Database: Reslit

404

Whole genome sequence based capsular typing and antimicrobial resistance prediction of Group B streptococcal isolates from colonized pregnant women in Nigeria.

PMID 34425756 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79F
Organisms: Streptococcus agalactiae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: WGS prediction
Source Database: Reslit

405

Genomic Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms of Imported Typhoid in Australia.

PMID 34543095 · 2021

Mutation Information

parC: p.E84G

Protein Change: E84G
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

406

Emergence of mcr-1-Harboring Salmonella enterica Serovar Sinstorf Type ST155 Isolated From Patients With Diarrhea in Jiangsu, China.

PMID 34603249 · 2021

Mutations in parC contribute to ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S, S80I, S80R
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

407

Impact of target site mutations and plasmid associated resistance genes acquisition on resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii to fluoroquinolones.

PMID 34635692 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of amplified gene fragments
Source Database: Reslit

408

Genomic Analysis of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Kentucky ST198 From Spanish Hospitals.

PMID 34675895 · 2021

Common mutations in ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S, S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

409

Phylogenetic and antimicrobial drug resistance analysis of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates from Ghana.

PMID 34714228 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S85L
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

410

Transition of Serotype 35B Pneumococci From Commensal to Prevalent Virulent Strain in Children.

PMID 34765566 · 2021

Mutation Information

parC: p.R123W

Protein Change: R123W
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

411

Hydrogel Droplet Microarray for Genotyping Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates.

PMID 34833187 · 2021

Mutation Information

parC: p.S84L parC: p.V104I parC: p.D105E

Protein Change: S87R
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: microarray analysis and MIC data
Source Database: Reslit

412

Characterization of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Isolates from Diseased Pigs in 15 Chinese Provinces from 2012 to 2018.

PMID 34946215 · 2021

Mutation Information

parC: p.S81I

Protein Change: S81I
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: transformation of E. coli C600 with plasmid carrying parC (81S-I) and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

413

Antibiotic resistance of Mycoplasma Synoviae strains isolated in China from 2016 to 2019.

PMID 34980113 · 2022

Mutation Information

parC: p.T85I

Protein Change: T85I
Organisms: Mycoplasma synoviae
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

414

Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Novel Sequence Types of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, With Heterogeneous Resistance Determinants and Targeted Variations in Efflux Operons.

PMID 35002996 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L, V104I, D105E
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

415

Whole-Genome Sequencing of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli From Human Infections in Finland Revealed Isolates Belonging to Internationally Successful ST131-C1-M27 Subclade but Distinct From Non-human Sources.

PMID 35058905 · 2021

Chromosomal quinolone resistance mutations in parC

Mutation Information

parC: p.E84V parC: p.S80I

Protein Change: E84V, S80I
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: mutation detection in isolates
Source Database: Reslit

416

Neisseria gonorrhoeae FC428 Subclone, Vietnam, 2019-2020.

PMID 35076010 · 2022

associated with ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

parC: p.S87R parC: p.V596I parC: p.L479F

Protein Change: S87R, V596I, L479F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

417

Optimizing Nanopore Sequencing for Rapid Detection of Microbial Species and Antimicrobial Resistance in Patients at Risk of Surgical Site Infections.

PMID 35171692 · 2022

Detected in Salmonella enterica

Mutation Information

parC: p.S91I parC: p.K144R

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones|quinolonesnalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and comparison with standard culture; alignment to Pointfinder database
Source Database: Reslit

418

Clinical and Microbiological Characterization of Bloodstream Infections Caused by Mycoplasma hominis: An Overlooked Pathogen.

PMID 35286659 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91I, K144R
Organisms: Mycoplasma hominis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|sparfloxacin|gatifloxacingatifloxacin|sparfloxacin
Validation Method: molecular analysis
Source Database: Reslit

419

Virulome and genome analyses identify associations between antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors in highly drug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from veal calves.

PMID 35298535 · 2022

Mutation Information

parC: p.A56T

Protein Change: A56T
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: gene detection in MDR isolates
Source Database: Reslit

420

Draft Genome Sequence of a Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Sequence Type 44 Strain Carrying Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance Genes.

PMID 35323043 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

421

Genomics of human and chicken Salmonella isolates in Senegal: Broilers as a source of antimicrobial resistance and potentially invasive nontyphoidal salmonellosis infections.

PMID 35325007 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

422

Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains in Kuwait.

PMID 35336083 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

423

Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in dogs and cats.

PMID 35515338 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

424

Outbreak of Imported Seventh Pandemic Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor, Algeria, 2018.

PMID 35608654 · 2022

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.S458A parC: p.S458T parC: p.L416F

Protein Change: S85L
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

425

Survey in ruminants from Rwanda revealed high diversity and prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales.

PMID 39563382 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, S458A, S458T, L416F
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

426

Increased Severity of Multidrug-Resistant Shigella sonnei Infections in People Experiencing Homelessness.

PMID 39570865 · 2025

Mutation Information

parC: p.G85C parC: p.A123E parC: p.S91N parC: p.S91R parC: p.T91I

Protein Change: S80I
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

427

Integrating Diagnostic Approaches in Infant Bacterial Meningitis Caused by a Non-K1 Escherichia coli: A Case Report.

PMID 39766534 · 2024

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80T

Protein Change: S80T
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

428

In vitro evolution of ciprofloxacin resistance in Neisseria commensals and derived mutation population dynamics in natural Neisseria populations.

PMID 39788725 · 2025

Mutations in ParC were found in various Neisseria species and associated with elevated ciprofloxacin MICs.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: G85C, A123E, S91N, S91R, T91I
Organisms: Neisseria canis, Neisseria subflava, Neisseria cinerea
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and MIC testing; experimental evolution and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

429

Genomic insights into the dynamic antibiotic resistance landscape of Vibrio cholerae during the Cholera outbreak 2022 in Odisha, India.

PMID 39789042 · 2025

Novel mutation

Mutation Information

parC: p.S85L parC: p.Y88C

Protein Change: S85L, Y88C
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

430

Fluoroquinolone-specific resistance trajectories in E. coli and their dependence on the SOS-response.

PMID 39838279 · 2025

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.N304S parC: p.P402A

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

431

Detection of Delafloxacin Resistance Mechanisms in Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.

PMID 39858348 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, N304S, P402A
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: delafloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

432

Molecular Epidemiology and In-Depth Characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates from Armenia.

PMID 39859219 · 2025

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80F parC: p.S80R parC: p.S82I parC: p.S84L parC: p.N297T

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

433

De novo acquisition of antibiotic resistance in six species of bacteria.

PMID 39907470 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80F, S80R, S82I, S84L, N297T
Organisms: Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella enterica, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Acinetobacter pittii
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

434

Whole-genome sequencing of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from a tertiary hospital in Terengganu, Malaysia (2011-2020), revealed the predominance of the Global Clone 2 lineage.

PMID 39908088 · 2025

Mutation Information

parC: p.S84L parC: p.V104I parC: p.D105E

Protein Change: S84L, V104I, D105E
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis; whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

435

Eradication of Helicobacter pylori reshapes gut microbiota and facilitates the evolution of antimicrobial resistance through gene transfer and genomic mutations in the gut.

PMID 40000989 · 2025

Genomic mutations in parC contributed to resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

436

Wastewater based genomic surveillance key to population level monitoring of AmpC/ESBL producing Escherichia coli.

PMID 40033002 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: E84V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

437

Prevalence and characterization of ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica spp. isolated from food animals during 2010-2023 in South Korea.

PMID 40091866 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S, S80I, S80R
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and mutation analysis
Source Database: Reslit

438

Predomination of hypervirulent ST283 and genetic diversity of levofloxacin resistance in multidrug-resistant, hypervirulent Streptococcus agalactiae in Thailand.

PMID 40100264 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79F, S79Y
Organisms: Streptococcus agalactiae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and AMR profiling
Source Database: Reslit

439

Phenotypic and Genomic Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Factors Determinants in Salmonella Heidelberg Isolated from Broiler Chickens.

PMID 40218396 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S
Organisms: Salmonella Heidelberg
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

440

Genomic analyses reveal presence of extensively drug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from clinical samples in Guizhou province, China, 2019-2023.

PMID 40226105 · 2025

Detected in S. Kentucky

Mutation Information

parC: p.E84K parC: p.E84G

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Source Database: Reslit

441

Genomic insights into the spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus involved in ear infections.

PMID 40329191 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: E84K, E84G
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|sitafloxacin|nemonoxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

442

The First Case of Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonella Stanley ST29 Diagnosed Secondary to Acute Cholecystitis.

PMID 40353204 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S
Organisms: Salmonella Stanley
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

443

Whole genome sequencing reveals virulence-mobile element linkages and phylogenetic diversity in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from Nigeria.

PMID 40400676 · 2025

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80F parC: p.S80Y

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

444

Genomic analysis of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) causing infections in children-a Spanish multicenter study.

PMID 40415924 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80F, S80Y
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: presence in isolates with fluoroquinolone resistance
Source Database: Reslit

445

Genomic and machine learning approaches to predict antimicrobial resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.

PMID 40530807 · 2025

Mutation Information

parC: p.G260T

Protein Change: G260T
Organisms: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: machine learning and experimental validation
Source Database: Reslit

446

Genomic insights into antimicrobial resistance and virulence of E. coli in central Ethiopia: a one health approach.

PMID 40556891 · 2025

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.S57T

Protein Change: S80I, S57T
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: chromosomal mutation analysis
Source Database: Reslit

447

Antibiotics Resistance Profile of Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Obtained from Farwaniya Hospital in Kuwait Using Phenotypic and Molecular Methods.

PMID 40558129 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

448

Variable In Vitro Efficacy of Delafloxacin on Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the Detection of Delafloxacin Resistance Determinants.

PMID 40558132 · 2025

mutation in quinolone-resistance-determining region

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.D197A parC: p.G35A

Protein Change: S87L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

449

Analyzing Shigella in Wuhan: Serotypes, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Public Health Implications.

PMID 40756687 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, D197A, G35A
Organisms: Shigella flexneri
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

450

Improving health and productivity in laying hens with the phage cocktail SalmoFree®.

PMID 40812135 · 2025

Mutation Information

parC: p.S87R parC: p.S87N parC: p.S87I parC: p.S87C parC: p.S88P parC: p.E91G parC: p.E91K parC: p.S87L

Protein Change: T57S
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

451

Susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to Zoliflodacin and Quinolones in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan.

PMID 40872341 · 2025

associated with high non-susceptibility to quinolones

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87R, S87N, S87I, S87C, S88P, E91G, E91K, S87L
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|garenoxacin|sitafloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing analysis
Source Database: Reslit

452

Characteristics of quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from wildlife in Poland.

PMID 41023203 · 2025

Mutations in QRDR region are associated with high MIC values

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.E84G parC: p.A108V parC: p.G78C parC: p.S80R

Protein Change: S80I, E84G, A108V, G78C, S80R
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

453

Correlation of QRDR mutations and MIC levels in fluoroquinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates.

PMID 41081515 · 2025

Mutations in parC were strongly correlated with increased MIC levels.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80F
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Effect on Function: increased MIC levels
Validation Method: DNA sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

454

Genomic and epidemiological characteristics of Shigella boydii in Australia, 1991-2022.

PMID 41129717 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Shigella boydii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Genome assembly and AMR determinant screening
Source Database: Reslit

455

First nationwide survey on Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Bolivia: susceptibility profiles, resistome, and genomic epidemiology.

PMID 41218134 · 2025

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.T251A

Protein Change: S87L, E91K
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

456

Genomic insights into novel ST7947 carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae: a threat from an Indian hospital setting.

PMID 41250062 · 2025

Mutations in ParC (S80I, T251A) responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, T251A
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing analysis
Source Database: Reslit

457

Combating Klebsiella pneumoniae: from antimicrobial resistance mechanisms to phage-based combination therapies.

PMID 41278478 · 2025

Mutation in parC contributes to quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

458

Genetic Determinants and Clonal Composition of Levofloxacin-Resistant Streptococcus agalactiae Isolates from Bulgaria.

PMID 41301616 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79F
Organisms: Streptococcus agalactiae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

459

Emergence and regional spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 at a Japanese tertiary-care hospital.

PMID 41384734 · 2026

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80L parC: p.D84N

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

460

A first look into the genomic characterization and fluoroquinolone resistance genotypes of Mycoplasma spp. in Colombian poultry.

PMID 41401692 · 2026

Mutation detected in MG field strains.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80L, D84N
Organisms: Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Mycoplasma synoviae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesenrofloxacin
Validation Method: sequence analysis; bioinformatic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

461

Genomic Insights into bla(NDM-5)-Producing Escherichia coli ST648 Isolates from Human and Wildlife Sources in Lebanon.

PMID 41472027 · 2025

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.S80R parC: p.E84G

Protein Change: S80L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

462

Molecular resistance mechanisms to newly approved antibiotics (2017-2025) in WHO priority pathogens.

PMID 41608681 · 2025

Mutation Information

parC: p.D79N

Protein Change: D79N
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: linked to reduced clinical efficacy in trial settings
Source Database: Reslit

463

Molecular characterization of mcr-1.1-harboring multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from chicken in the United Arab Emirates: implications for one health surveillance.

PMID 41640947 · 2025

Mutations in parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, S80R, E84G
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

464

Genetic diversity of fluoroquinolone-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates and the first identification of serotype 20B in China.

PMID 24091745 · 2014

Mutation Information

parC: p.S52G parC: p.N91D

Protein Change: S52G, N91D
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

465

Fluoroquinolone-resistant pneumococci: dynamics of serotypes and clones in Spain in 2012 compared with those from 2002 and 2006.

PMID 24514095 · 2014

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

466

Antibiotic resistance determinants of a group of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in China.

PMID 24619228 · 2014

mutation in QRDR of parC

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

467

Whole genome and transcriptome analyses of environmental antibiotic sensitive and multi-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates exposed to waste water and tap water.

PMID 25186059 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genome analysis
Source Database: Reslit

468

Detection of quinolone-resistance mutations of parC gene in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii in Iran.

PMID 25197301 · 2014

Mutations in parC gene associated with quinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR-RFLP and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

469

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Bangladesh.

PMID 25302491 · 2014

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80Y parC: p.S80F

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

470

Efflux-mediated resistance identified among norfloxacin resistant clinical strains of group B Streptococcus from South Korea.

PMID 25322878 · 2014

Mutations in parC were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80Y, S80F
Organisms: Streptococcus agalactiae
Confers Resistance To: norfloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing with reserpine
Source Database: Reslit

471

Spread of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 8-ST63 multidrug-resistant recombinant Clone, Spain.

PMID 25340616 · 2014

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

472

The resistome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in relationship to phenotypic susceptibility.

PMID 25367914 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis and susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

473

Trends in serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility in Salmonella enterica isolates from humans in Belgium, 2009 to 2013.

PMID 25385108 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

474

Molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from patients with community-onset infections in 30 Chinese county hospitals.

PMID 25520451 · 2015

Mutation Information

parC: p.T57S parC: p.S80I parC: p.A129S parC: p.V131L parC: p.G134S

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

475

The emergence of the 16S rRNA methyltransferase RmtB in a multidrug-resistant Serratia marcescens isolate in China.

PMID 25553305 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S, S80I, A129S, V131L, G134S
Organisms: Serratia marcescens
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

476

Draft Genome Sequences of Two Drug-Resistant Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Obtained from Keratitis Patients in India.

PMID 25573941 · 2015

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.D87N

Protein Change: S80Y
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Comparative analysis with P. aeruginosa PAO1 genome
Source Database: Reslit

477

Fluoroquinolone-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from the milk of cows with clinical mastitis in Southern Taiwan.

PMID 25592882 · 2016

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|enrofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequence analysis of quinolone-resistance determining regions of gyrA and parC
Source Database: Reslit

478

In vitro activity of five quinolones and analysis of the quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE in Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum clinical isolates from perinatal patients in Japan.

PMID 25645833 · 2015

The S84P mutation in parC was found in one sample.

Ureaplasma urealyticum parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003309

Mutation Information

parC: p.S84P parC: p.S83L parC: p.S83W

Protein Change: S84P, S83L, S83W
Organisms: Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|sitafloxacin|tosufloxacin|garenoxacinfluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Validation Method: sequence analysis
Source Database: ReslitCard Database

479

Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolates from canine urinary tract infections.

PMID 25720807 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|enrofloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

480

Activity of ceftazidime-avibactam against fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 25753646 · 2015

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83I parC: p.S85F

Protein Change: S80R
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: efflux pump overexpression
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

481

Identification and characterisation of a novel plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance gene, qnrVC7, in Vibrio cholerae of seafood origin.

PMID 25769785 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I, S85F
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: introduction of a vector containing qnrVC7 into Escherichia coli TG1 strain via transformation
Source Database: Reslit

482

Prevalence and fluoroquinolone resistance of pseudomonas aeruginosa in a hospital of South China.

PMID 25785142 · 2015

Mutation in parC (Ser87Leu) is linked to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

parC: p.F93V parC: p.S80I parC: p.D101E parC: p.D110E

Protein Change: S87L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

483

Enhanced resistance to fluoroquinolones in laboratory-grown mutants & clinical isolates of Shigella due to synergism between efflux pump expression & mutations in quinolone resistance determining region.

PMID 25857499 · 2015

Mutations in QRDR of parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: F93V, S80I, D101E, D110E
Organisms: Shigella flexneri, Shigella dysenteriae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

484

Isolation of NDM-1-producing multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas putida from a paediatric case of acute gastroenteritis, India.

PMID 25893095 · 2015

Mutation Information

parC: p.T105P parC: p.V124A parC: p.S136A

Protein Change: T105P, V124A, S136A
Organisms: Pseudomonas putida
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

485

Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Shigella sonnei Associated with Travel to India.

PMID 25897625 · 2015

Mutation in parC gene associated with ciprofloxacin resistance in Shigella sonnei.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80F parC: p.E84K

Protein Change: S80Y
Organisms: Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

486

Deoxynybomycins inhibit mutant DNA gyrase and rescue mice infected with fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria.

PMID 25907309 · 2015

Mutations in ParC are responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance and are targeted by deoxynybomycin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80F, E84K
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: in vitro DNA cleavage assay
Source Database: Reslit

487

Emergence and spread of O16-ST131 and O25b-ST131 clones among faecal CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli in healthy individuals in Hunan Province, China.

PMID 25957581 · 2015

parC 1b

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.E84G parC: p.E84K

Protein Change: S80I, E84V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR analysis
Source Database: Reslit

488

Antimicrobial susceptibility of travel-related Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates detected in Switzerland (2002-2013) and molecular characterization of quinolone resistant isolates.

PMID 25963025 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84G, E84K
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

489

Drug resistance-associated mutations in Mycoplasma genitalium in female sex workers, Japan.

PMID 25988775 · 2015

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.S80N

Protein Change: S80I, S80N
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing of PCR products
Source Database: Reslit

490

'Supermutators' found amongst highly levofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolates: a rapid protocol for the detection of mutation sites.

PMID 26038761 · 2015

The parC-S80I mutation was strongly associated with I/R/HR isolates.

Mutation Information

parC: p.T57S parC: p.S80I parC: p.S493F

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of PCR amplicons
Source Database: Reslit

491

Differences in antibiotic-induced oxidative stress responses between laboratory and clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 26100702 · 2015

Mutation in parC confers resistance to ciprofloxacin

Mutation Information

parC: p.S82F

Protein Change: S82F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: cloning and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

492

Emergence of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi in Italy.

PMID 26121266 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S, S80I, S493F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and nucleotide sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

493

Antibiotic Susceptibility and Sequence Type Distribution of Ureaplasma Species Isolated from Genital Samples in Switzerland.

PMID 26195516 · 2015

Detected in U. parvum serovar 6

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80L parC: p.E84K parC: p.G78C

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Ureaplasma parvum
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE genes
Source Database: Reslit

494

Association between mutations in gyrA and parC genes of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates and ciprofloxacin resistance.

PMID 26221488 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80L, E84K, G78C
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

495

Capsule Switching and Antimicrobial Resistance Acquired during Repeated Streptococcus pneumoniae Pneumonia Episodes.

PMID 26269621 · 2015

Mutation Information

parC: p.A103P

Protein Change: A103P
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: tosufloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

496

Management of Mycoplasma genitalium infections - can we hit a moving target?

PMID 26286546 · 2015

Resistance to moxifloxacin and other fourth-generation quinolones is mediated by mutations in the quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDR) of the parC gene, primarily in the hotspots in amino acid positions S83 and D87.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83N parC: p.D87Y parC: p.D87N

Protein Change: S83N, D87Y, D87N
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesmoxifloxacin
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

497

Next generation genome sequencing reveals phylogenetic clades with different level of virulence among Salmonella Typhimurium clinical human isolates in Hong Kong.

PMID 26370680 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80R
Organisms: Salmonella Typhimurium
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

498

In Vivo Evolution of Bacterial Resistance in Two Cases of Enterobacter aerogenes Infections during Treatment with Imipenem.

PMID 26398358 · 2015

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.E84V parC: p.E84K

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Enterobacter aerogenes
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and comparison to reference strains
Source Database: Reslit

499

Quinolone resistance and ornithine decarboxylation activity in lactose-negative Escherichia coli.

PMID 26413057 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84V, E84K
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

500

Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Investigation of H2S-Negative Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Choleraesuis Isolates in China.

PMID 26431037 · 2015

Mutation Information

parC: p.G78C parC: p.S80R parC: p.A117P

Protein Change: G78C, S80R, A117P
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: norfloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

501

Increasing prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant food-borne Salmonella strains harboring multiple PMQR elements but not target gene mutations.

PMID 26435519 · 2015

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80R parC: p.Q91H parC: p.C72G

Protein Change: S80R, Q91H, C72G
Organisms: Salmonella Indiana, Salmonella Rissen
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

502

Antibiotic Resistance among Clinical Ureaplasma Isolates Recovered from Neonates in England and Wales between 2007 and 2013.

PMID 26459899 · 2016

Mutation Information

parC: p.V3D parC: p.E87K parC: p.S83L

Protein Change: V3D, E87K, S83L
Organisms: Ureaplasma parvum
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

503

Stepwise evolution of pandrug-resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae.

PMID 26478520 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

504

Serotype Changes and Drug Resistance in Invasive Pneumococcal Diseases in Adults after Vaccinations in Children, Japan, 2010-2013.

PMID 26485679 · 2015

Ser79Tyr substitution in ParC

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79Y
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

505

Quinolone resistance mutations in the faecal microbiota of Swedish travellers to India.

PMID 26498929 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: massively parallel amplicon sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

506

Fluoroquinolone Resistance Mechanisms and population structure of Enterobacter cloacae non-susceptible to Ertapenem in North-Eastern France.

PMID 26557115 · 2015

mutations in QRDR

Mutation Information

parC: p.D84N parC: p.S80I

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Enterobacter cloacae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequenced in the parC gene
Source Database: Reslit

507

Alterations in the Quinolone Resistance-Determining Regions and Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Clinical Isolates and Laboratory-Derived Mutants of Mycoplasma bovis: Not All Genotypes May Be Equal.

PMID 26637606 · 2016

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D84N, S80I
Organisms: Mycoplasma bovis
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin|danofloxacin|marbofloxacin
Effect on Function: confers resistance
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC assays
Source Database: Reslit

508

Use of whole-genome sequencing to trace, control and characterize the regional expansion of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing ST15 Klebsiella pneumoniae.

PMID 26864946 · 2016

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

509

Demography and Intercontinental Spread of the USA300 Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Lineage.

PMID 26884428 · 2016

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80Y
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

510

A Multicountry Molecular Analysis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi With Reduced Susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin in Sub-Saharan Africa.

PMID 26933020 · 2016

Mutation in parC at codon 57 (Thr to Ser) combined with a mutation in gyrA at codon 83 (Ser to Phe)

Mutation Information

parC: p.D86N parC: p.S87I parC: p.E91G

Protein Change: T57S
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

511

In Vitro Activity of Delafloxacin against Clinical Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates and Selection of Gonococcal Delafloxacin Resistance.

PMID 26976873 · 2016

Mutations in the parC gene were identified in mutants with elevated delafloxacin MICs.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D86N, S87I, E91G
Confers Resistance To: delafloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

512

A role for the bacterial GATC methylome in antibiotic stress survival.

PMID 26998690 · 2016

Mutation Information

parC: p.S156R

Protein Change: S156R
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome Illumina sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

513

Emergence and Diversity of Salmonella enterica Serovar Indiana Isolates with Concurrent Resistance to Ciprofloxacin and Cefotaxime from Patients and Food-Producing Animals in China.

PMID 27001808 · 2016

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S, S80R
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

514

Frequency, Antimicrobial Resistance and Genetic Diversity of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Food Samples.

PMID 27078494 · 2016

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

515

Antimicrobial resistance trends in blood culture positive Salmonella Paratyphi A isolates from Pondicherry, India.

PMID 27080779 · 2016

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80L parC: p.E84K

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella Paratyphi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: experimental validation
Source Database: Reslit

516

Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates obtained from two hospital outbreaks in Los Angeles County, California, USA.

PMID 27146090 · 2016

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80L, E84K
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

517

Shigella Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Mechanisms, 2004-2014.

PMID 27191035 · 2016

mutations in parC are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

parC: p.A85S

Protein Change: A85S
Organisms: Shigella boydii
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Source Database: Reslit

518

The Lake Chad Basin, an Isolated and Persistent Reservoir of Vibrio cholerae O1: A Genomic Insight into the Outbreak in Cameroon, 2010.

PMID 27191718 · 2016

Mutation Information

parC: p.N84D parC: p.S81P parC: p.S80I

Protein Change: S85L
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

519

Mycoplasma bovis: Mechanisms of Resistance and Trends in Antimicrobial Susceptibility.

PMID 27199926 · 2016

Mutations in parC are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N84D, S81P, S80I
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin|danofloxacin|orbifloxacin
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

520

Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant P. aeruginosa Carrying aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrS1 and blaSPM Genes in Brazil.

PMID 27219003 · 2016

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87L, E91K
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

521

Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms

PMID 27227291 · 2023

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80L parC: p.E105G

Protein Change: S80I
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

522

Observation of a new pattern of mutations in gyrA and parC within Escherichia coli exhibiting fluroquinolone resistance.

PMID 29735844 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80L, E105G
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing of quinolone resistance determining regions
Source Database: Reslit

523

Molecular characterization of fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and imipenem resistance in Haemophilus influenzae: analysis of the mutations in QRDRs and assessment of the extent of the AcrAB-TolC-mediated resistance.

PMID 30145620 · 2018

Mutation Information

parC: p.S87N parC: p.S87R parC: p.E91G parC: p.E91K

Protein Change: S84I
Organisms: Haemophilus influenzae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: amino acid substitutions in GyrA (Ser84 and Asp88), ParC (Ser84), and ParE (Asp420)
Source Database: Reslit

524

Summary and Trends of the Russian Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme, 2005 to 2016.

PMID 30894437 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87N, S87R, E91G, E91K
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: detection via minisequencing and MALDI-TOF MS
Source Database: Reslit

525

Endemic fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonellaenterica serovar Kentucky ST198 in northern India.

PMID 31166889 · 2019

Mutation Information

parC: p.D87Y parC: p.S80I

Protein Change: D87Y, S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

526

S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium Harboring SPI-1 and SPI-2 Are the Predominant Serotypes Associated With Human Salmonellosis in Saudi Arabia.

PMID 31214517 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S, S80I, S80R
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

527

A systematic review of antimicrobial resistance of typhoidal Salmonella in India.

PMID 31219079 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella Typhi
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

528

Establishing Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance & Research Network in India: Journey so far.

PMID 31219080 · 2019

Detected in Salmonella isolates

Mutation Information

parC: p.D87N

Protein Change: D87N
Organisms: Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Paratyphi
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: molecular characterization of resistance mechanisms
Source Database: Reslit

529

Plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance associated with extra-intestinal Escherichia coli isolates from hospital samples.

PMID 31219083 · 2019

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.S80E parC: p.E84K

Protein Change: S80I, E84V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: MAMA-PCR
Source Database: Reslit

530

Analysis of isolates from Bangladesh highlights multiple ways to carry resistance genes in Salmonella Typhi.

PMID 31253105 · 2019

Mutations in parC are associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, S80E, E84K
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

531

Lack of Association Between the S83I ParC Mutation in Mycoplasma genitalium and Treatment Outcomes Among Men Who Have Sex With Men with Nongonococcal Urethritis.

PMID 31259853 · 2019

Mutation in ParC gene associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: macrolides
Validation Method: PyroMark Q96 sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

532

Characterization and whole genome sequencing of closely related multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg isolates from imported poultry meat in the Netherlands.

PMID 31329622 · 2019

associated with ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

533

Molecular Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates in a Brazilian Tertiary Hospital.

PMID 31396186 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

534

Temporal evolution of antimicrobial resistance among Neisseria gonorrhoeae clinical isolates in the most populated South American Metropolitan Region.

PMID 31411309 · 2019

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80L parC: p.E84K

Protein Change: S87R
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

535

Expansion of Salmonella Typhi clonal lineages with ampicillin resistance and reduced ciprofloxacin susceptibility in Eastern China.

PMID 31413599 · 2019

Mutation Information

parC: p.D87Y

Protein Change: D87Y
Organisms: Salmonella Typhi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

536

A Novel Mismatched PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Assay for Rapid Detection of gyrA and parC Mutations Associated With Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii.

PMID 31432636 · 2020

Detected in 45 out of 47 FQ-resistant strains

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80L, E84K
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

537

Multicenter Clinical Evaluation of a Novel Multiplex Real-Time PCR (qPCR) Assay for Detection of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium.

PMID 31434719 · 2019

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83R parC: p.S83I parC: p.D87N parC: p.D87Y parC: p.D87H

Protein Change: S83R, S83I, D87N, D87Y, D87H
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: qPCR assay compared to Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

538

In vitro Activities of Nemonoxacin and Other Antimicrobial Agents Against Human Mycoplasma and Ureaplasmas Isolates and Their Defined Resistance Mechanisms.

PMID 31456791 · 2019

Mutations in parC were found in M. hominis and Ureaplasma spp. isolates

Mutation Information

parC: p.S91I parC: p.S83L

Protein Change: S91I, S83L
Organisms: Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma spp.
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing of parC gene
Source Database: Reslit

539

Informal genomic surveillance of regional distribution of Salmonella Typhi genotypes and antimicrobial resistance via returning travellers.

PMID 31513580 · 2019

Mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) of gyrA and parC are associated with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.Y74X parC: p.P98X parC: p.G78D parC: p.E84K parC: p.E84G parC: p.D79G parC: c.G252A parC: c.TCA->ATA

Protein Change: S80I, Y74X, P98X, G78D, E84K, E84G, D79G
Nucleotide Change: G252A, TCA->ATA
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis; Sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

540

An Outbreak of Carbapenem-Resistant and Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae in an Intensive Care Unit of a Major Teaching Hospital in Wenzhou, China.

PMID 31552210 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|ciprofloxacinquinolones
Validation Method: experimental validation
Source Database: Reslit

541

Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Acinetobacter isolates from patients in Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.

PMID 31558943 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80L
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

542

Shedding of OXA-181 carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli from companion animals after hospitalisation in Switzerland: an outbreak in 2018.

PMID 31576806 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

543

Long-term Persistence of an Extensively Drug-Resistant Subclade of Globally Distributed Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clonal Complex 446 in an Academic Medical Center.

PMID 31583403 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87L
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

544

Prevalence of Quinolone Resistance of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli with ST131-fimH30 in a City Hospital in Hyogo, Japan.

PMID 31635210 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

545

Persistent circulation of a fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica Typhi clone in the Indian subcontinent.

PMID 31665304 · 2020

Mutations in gyrA and parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.E62K parC: p.A620V parC: p.A192V parC: p.A471G parC: p.D475E parC: p.Q481H

Protein Change: S80I, E84G
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

546

The Resistome, Mobilome, Virulome and Phylogenomics of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates from Pretoria, South Africa.

PMID 31712587 · 2019

Mutations in parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: E62K, A620V, A192V, A471G, D475E, Q481H
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

547

In Vitro Derivation of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Mutants from Multiple Lineages of Haemophilus influenzae and Identification of Mutations Associated with Fluoroquinolone Resistance.

PMID 31740553 · 2020

Mutation Information

parC: p.G82D parC: p.S84R parC: p.E88K

Protein Change: G82D, S84R, E88K
Organisms: Haemophilus influenzae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

548

Meningococcal Quinolone Resistance Originated from Several Commensal Neisseria Species.

PMID 31740556 · 2020

Mutations in ParC, such as D86N, S87I, S87R, and E91G, contribute to quinolone resistance in N. meningitidis.

Mutation Information

parC: p.D86N parC: p.S87I parC: p.S87R parC: p.E91G

Protein Change: D86N, S87I, S87R, E91G
Organisms: Neisseria meningitidis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and transformation experiments
Source Database: Reslit

549

Diversity of Serotype, Genotype, and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Salmonella Prevalent in Pickled Ready-to-Eat Meat.

PMID 31781073 · 2019

Mutations in ParC contribute to quinolone resistance.

Mutations in ParC are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S, S80R
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing; PCR amplification and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

550

Etiology of childhood diarrhoea among under five children and molecular analysis of antibiotic resistance in isolated enteric bacterial pathogens from a tertiary care hospital, Eastern Odisha, India.

PMID 31791267 · 2019

Mutation Information

parC: p.D87N parC: p.D87Y

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Source Database: Reslit

551

Quinolone antibiotics.

PMID 31803393 · 2019

Mutation Information

parC: p.A56T

Protein Change: A56T
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

552

Using Selection by Nonantibiotic Stressors to Sensitize Bacteria to Antibiotics.

PMID 31851309 · 2020

Mutation Information

parC: p.T242A

Protein Change: T242A
Organisms: Enterococcus faecalis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

553

Antimicrobial resistance genetic factor identification from whole-genome sequence data using deep feature selection.

PMID 31874612 · 2019

Mutation Information

parC: p.P88S

Protein Change: P88S
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: experimental validation
Source Database: Reslit

554

Antimicrobial resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium sampled from the British general population.

PMID 31924741 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N, D87Y
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

555

Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Kentucky ST198 in Broiler Chicken Supply Chain and Patients, China, 2010-2016.

PMID 31963932 · 2020

Mutation in parC contributes to ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.Y57S parC: p.S80I

Protein Change: Y57S, S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

556

Pathogenomics and Evolutionary Epidemiology of Multi-Drug Resistant Clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Pretoria, South Africa.

PMID 31988374 · 2020

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.N304S

Protein Change: S80I, N304S
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

557

International lineages of Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from chicken farms, Wakiso District, Uganda.

PMID 31990938 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

558

Spread of multidrug resistance among Ureaplasma serovars, Tunisia.

PMID 31998474 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Effect on Function: mutation in parC gene results in substitution of serine by leucine at position 83 (S83L)
Validation Method: PCR amplification and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

559

Molecular characterization of metallo-β-lactamase- producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex isolated in Heilongjiang Province of China.

PMID 32005138 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Enterobacter cloacae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequence analyses
Source Database: Reslit

560

Genomic Characterization of Antibiotic Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated From Domestic Chickens in Pakistan.

PMID 32010104 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80R
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

561

Genomic evolution of Neisseria gonorrhoeae since the preantibiotic era (1928-2013): antimicrobial use/misuse selects for resistance and drives evolution.

PMID 32013864 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87R
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

562

Population Bottlenecks Strongly Influence the Evolutionary Trajectory to Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Escherichia coli.

PMID 32031639 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80R
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

563

Emergence of a multidrug-resistant ST 27 Escherichia coli co-harboring bla(NDM-1), mcr-1, and fosA3 from a patient in China.

PMID 32341508 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

564

Comparative analysis of multidrug resistance plasmids and genetic background of CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli recovered from captive wild animals.

PMID 32488312 · 2020

Mutations in quinolone resistance-determining region

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|norfloxacin|lomefloxacin|ofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

565

Antimicrobial resistance, genetic characterization, and molecular epidemiology of Ureaplasma species in males with infertility.

PMID 32643024 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Ureaplasma spp.
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

566

An investigation of the presence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae in raw and cooked kibble diets for dogs in the United Kingdom.

PMID 38260907 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87G
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

567

Invasive Streptococcus suis isolated in Spain contain a highly promiscuous and dynamic resistome.

PMID 38317790 · 2023

associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79F
Organisms: Streptococcus suis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

568

Anthropogenic contamination sources drive differences in antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in three urban lakes.

PMID 38349150 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80R
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

569

Genomic epidemiology reveals geographical clustering of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli ST131 associated with bacteraemia in Wales.

PMID 38355632 · 2024

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83I parC: p.S83R parC: p.D87N parC: p.D87Y

Protein Change: E84V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

570

Estimation of antimicrobial resistance of Mycoplasma genitalium, Belgium, 2022.

PMID 38362626 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I, S83R, D87N, D87Y
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

571

Resistome, mobilome, and virulome explored in clinical isolates derived from acne patients in Egypt: unveiling unique traits of an emerging coagulase-negative Staphylococcus pathogen.

PMID 38371297 · 2024

Mutation Information

parC: p.N404S parC: p.K568N parC: p.S80Y

Protein Change: N404S, K568N, S80Y
Organisms: Staphylococcus epidermidis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic detection; genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

572

Genomic Features and Phylogenetic Analysis of Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonella Mbandaka ST413 Strains.

PMID 38399716 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

573

Occurrence and molecular characteristics of antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors, and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli isolated from the retail produce commodities in Bangkok, Thailand.

PMID 38444485 · 2024

Found in multiple E. coli isolates

Mutation Information

parC: p.S58I parC: p.R138V parC: p.N141K parC: p.R138D parC: p.P140T

Protein Change: S80I, E84G
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

574

Prevalence and molecular characterization of multi-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from clinical bovine mastitis in China.

PMID 38478400 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S58I, R138V, N141K, R138D, P140T
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

575

Genomic characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing and carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli from urban wastewater in Australia.

PMID 38488803 · 2024

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.P578L

Protein Change: S80I, P578L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin
Validation Method: genomic characterization
Source Database: Reslit

576

Antimicrobial resistance and heterogeneity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from patients attending sexually transmitted infection clinics in Lusaka, Zambia.

PMID 38500064 · 2024

Mutation Information

parC: p.E91G parC: p.E91F

Protein Change: E91G, E91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Whole genome sequencing and AMR detection with ResFinder 4.2.3
Source Database: Reslit

577

Fluoroquinolone resistance in complicated urinary tract infections: association with the increased occurrence and diversity of Escherichia coli of clonal complex 131, together with ST1193.

PMID 38510968 · 2024

Mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing and in vitro expression
Source Database: Reslit

578

Genomic analysis of Salmonella isolated from canal water in Bangkok, Thailand.

PMID 38563788 · 2024

Mutation Information

parC: p.G248T parC: p.G248A parC: p.G259A parC: p.G259T

Protein Change: T57S, S80R
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

579

Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV: Recycling Old Targets for New Antibacterials to Combat Fluoroquinolone Resistance.

PMID 38564341 · 2024

Mutation Information

parC: p.D80E

Protein Change: D80E
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

580

Azithromycin and moxifloxacin resistance determinants in Mycoplasma genitalium in Lleida, Spain.

PMID 38591493 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: G248T, G248A, G259A, G259T
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: real-time PCR
Source Database: Reslit

581

Development of an in vitro biofilm model for the study of the impact of fluoroquinolones on sewer biofilm microbiota.

PMID 38601931 · 2024

Mutation Information

parC: p.S87N parC: p.E91G

Protein Change: S80I
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

582

Target-Mediated Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Actions of Ciprofloxacin against Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV.

PMID 38606464 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87N, E91G
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: enzymatic activity assays
Source Database: Reslit

583

Persistent Colonization of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Salmonella enterica Serovar Kentucky ST198 in a Patient with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

PMID 38628240 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

584

A review of the mechanisms that confer antibiotic resistance in pathotypes of E. coli.

PMID 38638826 · 2024

Mutation Information

parC: p.S200E parC: p.S230C parC: p.D273T parC: p.A276L

Protein Change: S80I, E84G
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

585

Exploring the resistome, virulome, and mobilome of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates: deciphering the molecular basis of carbapenem resistance.

PMID 38664636 · 2024

Mutation in parC contributes to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.I80S

Protein Change: I80S
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

586

A Set of Multiresistant Isolates of Mycoplasma bovis Subtype ST-1 with a Variable Susceptibility to Quinolones Are Also Circulating in Spain.

PMID 38668284 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S200E, S230C, D273T, A276L
Organisms: Mycoplasma bovis
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin|marbofloxacin|danofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

587

Short reads-based characterization of pathotype diversity and drug resistance among Escherichia coli isolated from patients attending regional referral hospitals in Tanzania.

PMID 38671498 · 2024

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83R parC: p.D87N

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

588

Detection of Macrolide and/or Fluoroquinolone Resistance Genes in Mycoplasma genitalium Strains Isolated from Men in the Northwest Region of Croatia in 2018-2023.

PMID 38674404 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83R, D87N
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: MT-PCR
Source Database: Reslit

589

Resistome Analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae Complex from Residential Aged Care Facilities Demonstrates Intra-facility Clonal Spread of Multidrug-Resistant Isolates.

PMID 38674695 · 2024

Mutation Information

parC: p.M304S

Protein Change: M304S
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: manual probing
Source Database: Reslit

590

A novel variant in Salmonella genomic island 1 of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky ST198.

PMID 38687075 · 2024

Mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of parC.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79F parC: p.S79A parC: p.S79Y

Protein Change: T57S, S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid|norfloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis; chromosomal mutation detection via WGS
Source Database: Reslit

591

Genomic insights into the diversity, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance of group B Streptococcus clinical isolates from Saudi Arabia.

PMID 38711928 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79F, S79A, S79Y
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

592

Multidrug-resistant phenotypes of genetically diverse Escherichia coli isolates from healthy domestic cats.

PMID 38755240 · 2024

Mutation Information

parC: p.D87N parC: p.S80I

Protein Change: D87N, S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinnalidixic acid
Validation Method: Table 4
Source Database: Reslit

593

Serovar and sequence type distribution and phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella originating from pet animals in Chongqing, China.

PMID 38757951 · 2024

Mutation Information

parC: p.E84K parC: p.K134R

Protein Change: T57S, S80I
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid|norfloxacin|ofloxacin|enrofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

594

The Genetic Landscape of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Enterococcus cecorum Broiler Isolates.

PMID 38786138 · 2024

Mutation Information

parC: p.N529D

Protein Change: N529D
Organisms: Enterococcus cecorum
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

595

Evaluation of commercial, customized microdilution plates for Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Mycoplasma hominis antimicrobial susceptibility testing and determination of antimicrobial resistance prevalence in France.

PMID 38832769 · 2024

Mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: E84K, K134R
Organisms: Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Mycoplasma hominis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

596

Sparfloxacin resistance in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae: involvement of multiple mutations in gyrA and parC genes.

PMID 9736534 · 1998

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79F parC: p.S79Y parC: p.K137N

Protein Change: S79F, S79Y, K137N
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: sparfloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing analysis
Source Database: Reslit

597

Alterations in topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase in quinolone-resistant mutants of Mycoplasma hominis obtained in vitro.

PMID 9736554 · 1998

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84K
Organisms: Mycoplasma hominis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|sparfloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

598

Fluoroquinolone resistance mutations in the parC, parE, and gyrA genes of clinical isolates of viridans group streptococci.

PMID 9797205 · 1998

Mutations in parC were able to transform Streptococcus pneumoniae to ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genetic transformation
Source Database: Reslit

599

Drift in susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to ciprofloxacin and emergence of therapeutic failure.

PMID 9797226 · 1998

Mutation Information

parC: p.E88K

Protein Change: E88K
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

600

ParC and GyrA may be interchangeable initial targets of some fluoroquinolones in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 9925523 · 1999

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80E parC: p.R91G parC: p.R91Q

Protein Change: S79Y
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: pefloxacin|trovafloxacin
Validation Method: transformation and MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

601

Molecular basis of high-level ciprofloxacin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains from Shandong Province, China.

PMID 24159315 · 2013

Mutation Information

parC: p.L106I

Protein Change: L106I
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

602

Multiplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Method for the Rapid Detection of gyrA and parC Mutations in Quinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli and Shigella spp.

PMID 24159500 · 2012

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80E, R91G, R91Q
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Shigella spp.
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

603

Resistance to Fluoroquinolone by a Combination of Efflux and Target Site Mutations in Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Isolated in Korea.

PMID 24159520 · 2012

common mutation

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80Q parC: p.A81P parC: p.E84V

Protein Change: S80Q, A81P, E84V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin
Validation Method: sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

604

High prevalence of antibiotic-resistant Mycoplasma genitalium in nongonococcal urethritis: the need for routine testing and the inadequacy of current treatment options.

PMID 24280088 · 2014

Mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of parC associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83R

Protein Change: S83R
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

605

Fitness cost associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones is diverse across clones of Klebsiella pneumoniae and may select for CTX-M-15 type extended-spectrum β-lactamase.

PMID 24306097 · 2014

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of QRDRs
Source Database: Reslit

606

Fitness benefits in fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella Typhi in the absence of antimicrobial pressure.

PMID 24327559 · 2013

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin|levofloxacin|gatifloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

607

Comparative analysis of the complete genome of KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Kp13 reveals remarkable genome plasticity and a wide repertoire of virulence and resistance mechanisms.

PMID 24450656 · 2014

single amino acid change

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

608

Antibiotic resistance determinants in a Pseudomonas putida strain isolated from a hospital.

PMID 24465371 · 2014

Mutation in parC leads to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87L
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin|pefloxacin|ofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: protein sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

609

Lack of efflux mediated quinolone resistance in Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A.

PMID 24478769 · 2014

associated with resistance

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.E108A

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

610

Isolation of Escherichia coli strains with AcrAB-TolC efflux pump-associated intermediate interpretation or resistance to fluoroquinolone, chloramphenicol and aminopenicillin from dogs admitted to a university veterinary hospital.

PMID 24646457 · 2014

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E108A
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

611

Vibrio fluvialis: an emerging human pathogen.

PMID 24653717 · 2014

Mutation Information

parC: p.T85I

Protein Change: T85I
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: mutation detected in clinical isolates
Source Database: Reslit

612

Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus agalactiae strains recovered from female carriers in the Bucharest area.

PMID 24676662 · 2014

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79F
Organisms: Streptococcus agalactiae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

613

Emergence of clinical Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates with concurrent resistance to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and azithromycin.

PMID 24752251 · 2014

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.S80R parC: p.E84V parC: p.E84G

Protein Change: S80R
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

614

Quinolone resistance mechanisms among extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli isolated from rivers and lakes in Switzerland.

PMID 24755830 · 2014

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, S80R, E84V, E84G
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

615

Molecular analysis of ciprofloxacin resistance mechanisms in Malaysian ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates and development of mismatch amplification mutation assays (MAMA) for rapid detection of gyrA and parC mutations.

PMID 24860827 · 2014

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, S80R, E84K
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

616

Resistance determinants and mobile genetic elements of an NDM-1-encoding Klebsiella pneumoniae strain.

PMID 24905728 · 2014

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: quinolones|fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genome sequencing and functional annotation
Source Database: Reslit

617

Dynamics of quinolone resistance in fecal Escherichia coli of finishing pigs after ciprofloxacin administration.

PMID 24919413 · 2014

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid|norfloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: susceptibility testing and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

618

High levels of multiresistance in quinolone resistant urinary tract isolates of Escherichia coli from Norway; a non clonal phenomenon?

PMID 24941949 · 2014

Mutations in parC were associated with quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

619

Correlation between virulence genotype and fluoroquinolone resistance in carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 24982833 · 2014

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87L, S87W
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

620

Cholera outbreaks (2012) in three districts of Nepal reveal clonal transmission of multi-drug resistant Vibrio cholerae O1.

PMID 25022982 · 2014

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S85L
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

621

Fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms of Shigella flexneri isolated in Bangladesh.

PMID 25028972 · 2014

Mutation in parC contributes to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Shigella flexneri
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of QRDR genes
Source Database: Reslit

622

Type II and type IV topoisomerase mutations in clinical isolates of Morganella morganii harbouring the qnrD gene.

PMID 25106550 · 2014

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80L parC: p.S80I parC: p.S80F parC: p.E84K

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Morganella morganii
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

623

Role of the water-metal ion bridge in mediating interactions between quinolones and Escherichia coli topoisomerase IV.

PMID 25115926 · 2014

Mutations in ParC affect ciprofloxacin binding and activity

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80L, S80I, S80F, E84K
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: disrupts the water–metal ion bridge
Validation Method: IC50 measurements
Source Database: Reslit

624

Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi isolates from Bangladesh, Indonesia, Taiwan, and Vietnam.

PMID 25136011 · 2014

Mutation in parC contributes to quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.E92K

Protein Change: E92K
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Source Database: Reslit

625

Fluoroquinolone resistance in Salmonella: insights by whole-genome sequencing.

PMID 29975627 · 2018

chromosomal mutations in parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

626

Gonorrhoea treatment failure caused by a Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain with combined ceftriaxone and high-level azithromycin resistance, England, February 2018.

PMID 29991383 · 2018

The isolate had the S87R mutation in parC, reducing quinolone binding to topoisomerase IV.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87R
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

627

Epidemiology and molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates harboring bla(CTX-M) group 1 extended-spectrum β-lactamases causing bacteremia and urinary tract infection in Manhiça, Mozambique.

PMID 30013375 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80R
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

628

Antimicrobial Resistance in Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas spp.

PMID 30101740 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80L
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

629

Dynamics of antimicrobial resistance in intestinal Escherichia coli from children in community settings in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.

PMID 30127495 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

630

Characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae associated with cattle infections in southwest China using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), antibiotic resistance and virulence-associated gene profile analysis.

PMID 30150085 · 2018

Mutations in parC contribute to ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

631

Conserved collateral antibiotic susceptibility networks in diverse clinical strains of Escherichia coli.

PMID 30202004 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: G78D
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Whole genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

632

Characterizing Mobilized Virulence Factors and Multidrug Resistance Genes in Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Sri Lankan Hospital.

PMID 30233529 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

633

Genetic Context of the blaCARB-2-Containing Integron and Mutational Resistome in Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains

PMID 30233535

S87L substitution in ParC is associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

634

Association between possession of ExoU and antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 30265709 · 2018

Mutation Information

parC: p.S57T parC: p.S80I

Protein Change: S87L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

635

Resolution of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli keratitis with a PROSE device for enhanced targeted antibiotic delivery.

PMID 30272036 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S57T, S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: reference broth microdilution
Source Database: Reslit

636

Characterization of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa carrying IMP variants recovered from a Mexican Hospital.

PMID 30288063 · 2018

Mutation Information

parC: p.S87L parC: p.P105T

Protein Change: S87L, P105T
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

637

A systematic review of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the etiological agent of typhoid.

PMID 30307935 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Mutation analysis in isolates
Source Database: Reslit

638

Multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Estonian hospitals.

PMID 30309321 · 2018

Mutation Information

parC: p.S87R parC: p.E91A

Protein Change: S87L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

639

Whole-Genome Sequencing of Russian Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Isolates Related to ST 1407 Genogroup.

PMID 30397529 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87R, E91A
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and analysis
Source Database: Reslit

640

Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi in Bangladesh: Exploration of Genomic Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance.

PMID 30425150 · 2018

Mutation Information

parC: p.E84K parC: p.E84G

Protein Change: E84K, E84G
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

641

Spread of GES-5 carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates in Japan due to clonal expansion of ST235.

PMID 30452435 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

642

Multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolate, belonging to the internationally spreading Japanese FC428 clone, with ceftriaxone resistance and intermediate resistance to azithromycin, Ireland, August 2018.

PMID 30482267 · 2018

causes high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87R
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

643

Characterization of gyrA and parC mutations in ciprofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Tehran hospitals in Iran.

PMID 30483376 · 2018

Mutation Information

parC: p.S86R parC: p.S87R parC: p.E91G parC: p.D86N

Protein Change: S87L, S87W
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

644

The phylogeography and incidence of multi-drug resistant typhoid fever in sub-Saharan Africa.

PMID 30504848 · 2018

Mutations in QRDR

Mutation Information

parC: p.R27*

Protein Change: R27*
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and QRDR analysis
Source Database: Reslit

645

Genome-wide discovery of epistatic loci affecting antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae using evolutionary couplings.

PMID 30510172 · 2019

Known resistance locus

Mutation Information

parC: p.S87F

Protein Change: S87F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: GWAS and epistatic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

646

Antimicrobial resistance prediction and phylogenetic analysis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates using the Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencer.

PMID 30514867 · 2018

Mutations in parC contribute to resistance to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S86R, S87R, E91G, D86N
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and comparison with known resistance profiles
Source Database: Reslit

647

Antibiotic susceptibility testing of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae field isolates from Central Europe for fifteen antibiotics by microbroth dilution method.

PMID 30533041 · 2018

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80F parC: p.S80Y parC: p.D84N

Protein Change: S80F, S80Y, D84N
Organisms: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: correlated with decreased antibiotic susceptibility
Source Database: Reslit

648

Molecular characterisation of the NDM-1-encoding plasmid p2189-NDM in an Escherichia coli ST410 clinical isolate from Ghana.

PMID 30576382 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

649

Levels of Mycoplasma genitalium Antimicrobial Resistance Differ by Both Region and Gender in the State of Queensland, Australia: Implications for Treatment Guidelines.

PMID 30602443 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

650

Antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio cholerae from sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review.

PMID 30643734 · 2018

Mutation Information

parC: p.N170S parC: c.A509G

Protein Change: S85L
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

651

Mycoplasmas under experimental antimicrobial selection: The unpredicted contribution of horizontal chromosomal transfer.

PMID 30668569 · 2019

Mutation Information

parC: p.D84N

Protein Change: D84N
Organisms: Mycoplasma agalactiae
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

652

Persistence and Microevolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Cystic Fibrosis Lung: A Single-Patient Longitudinal Genomic Study.

PMID 30692969 · 2018

Mutation in parC is linked to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N170S
Nucleotide Change: A509G
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and association with fluoroquinolone resistance; whole genome sequencing and comparison with susceptible isolates
Source Database: Reslit

653

Whole-genome sequences of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in South-Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo: characterization of phylogenomic changes, virulence and resistance genes.

PMID 30744567 · 2019

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.E84V parC: p.S57T parC: p.E84G

Protein Change: S80I, E84V, S57T, E84G
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

654

Macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance-associated mutations in Mycoplasma genitalium in Johannesburg, South Africa, 2007-2014.

PMID 30760230 · 2019

Mutations in the QRDR of the parC gene were detected in 54/266 (20.3%) specimens.

Mutation Information

parC: p.D87Y parC: p.P62S parC: p.D113G

Protein Change: D87Y, P62S, D113G
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

655

Continuous culture of Escherichia coli, under selective pressure by a novel antimicrobial complex, does not result in development of resistance.

PMID 30787338 · 2019

This mutation was observed in the LVX-exposed population and is associated with levofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: G78D
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

656

Resistance and Virulence Mechanisms of Escherichia coli Selected by Enrofloxacin in Chicken

PMID 30803968 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

657

Genomic epidemiology of severe community-onset Acinetobacter baumannii infection.

PMID 30806611 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

658

Multiple Benefits of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Determinants in Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11 High-Risk Clone and Recently Emerging ST307 Clone.

PMID 30809206 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

659

Using WGS to identify antibiotic resistance genes and predict antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in MDR Acinetobacter baumannii in Tanzania.

PMID 30843063 · 2019

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.E84V parC: p.L88Q

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: WGS and phenotypic testing
Source Database: Reslit

660

Evaluation of co-transfer of plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance genes and bla(NDM) gene in Enterobacteriaceae causing neonatal septicaemia.

PMID 30858970 · 2019

Mutations in parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84V, L88Q
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

661

Detection in the United Kingdom of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae FC428 clone, with ceftriaxone resistance and intermediate resistance to azithromycin, October to December 2018.

PMID 30862336 · 2019

Mutation Information

parC: p.S84F parC: p.S138T parC: p.M198L

Protein Change: S87R
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic characterisation
Source Database: Reslit

662

Identification of polysaccharide capsules among extensively drug-resistant genitourinary Haemophilus parainfluenzae isolates.

PMID 30872664 · 2019

Mutations in ParC are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84F, S138T, M198L
Organisms: Haemophilus parainfluenzae
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: in silico screening
Source Database: Reslit

663

Prevalence and mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis in Japan.

PMID 30886932 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84K
Organisms: Proteus mirabilis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR amplification and direct DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

664

Identification of Internationally Disseminated Ceftriaxone-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Strain FC428, China

PMID 30900979 · 2019

ParC3 variant

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87R
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: agar dilution method
Source Database: Reslit

665

Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Salmonella enterica, Campylobacter spp., and Arcobacter butzleri from Local and Imported Poultry Meat in Kumasi, Ghana.

PMID 30907631 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S, S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: molecular characterization
Source Database: Reslit

666

Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and potential pathogenicity, and possible spread of third generation cephalosporin resistance, in Escherichia coli isolated from healthy chicken farms in the region of Dakar, Senegal.

PMID 30913237 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

667

gyrA and parC mutations in fluoroquinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Kenya.

PMID 30961546 · 2019

Mutation Information

parC: p.E91G

Protein Change: E91G
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

668

Clonally Diverse Methicillin and Multidrug Resistant Coagulase Negative Staphylococci Are Ubiquitous and Pose Transfer Ability Between Pets and Their Owners.

PMID 30972035 · 2019

Mutation Information

parC: p.S84L parC: p.S467G

Protein Change: S80F
Organisms: Staphylococcus epidermidis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

669

Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Acinetobacter spp. Panel Strains: A Cornerstone to Facilitate Antimicrobial Development.

PMID 30972044 · 2019

mutation leads to resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L, S467G
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii, Acinetobacter nosocomialis, Acinetobacter pittii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: Table 3
Source Database: Reslit

670

Mycoplasma genitalium in Symptomatic Male Urethritis: Macrolide Use Is Associated With Increased Resistance.

PMID 30972419 · 2020

Mutations in parC gene associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83N parC: p.S83I parC: p.D87N parC: p.D87Y

Protein Change: S83N, S83I, D87N, D87Y
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

671

Effects of a previously selected antibiotic resistance on mutations acquired during development of a second resistance in Escherichia coli.

PMID 30975082 · 2019

Mutation in parC was observed in wild-type E. coli adapted to enrofloxacin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80R
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: Whole genome sequencing and MIC measurements
Source Database: Reslit

672

Diversity, Virulence, and Antimicrobial Resistance in Isolates From the Newly Emerging Klebsiella pneumoniae ST101 Lineage.

PMID 31001209 · 2019

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.S80V parC: p.S80R parC: p.E84V parC: p.G78S

Protein Change: S80I
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

673

High prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli strains isolated from urine clinical samples.

PMID 31041407 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, S80V, S80R, E84V, G78S
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

674

In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of Zabofloxacin and Other Fluoroquinolones Against MRSA Isolates from A University Hospital in Egypt.

PMID 31050254 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80F
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR amplification and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

675

Epidemiology and molecular characterization of the antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Chinese mink infected by hemorrhagic pneumonia.

PMID 31097874 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

676

Global phylogenomics of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky ST198.

PMID 31107206 · 2019

Mutation Information

parC: p.D87N parC: p.S80I

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing; whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

677

A survey of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli prevalence in wild mammals in Japan using antimicrobial-containing media.

PMID 36310042 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N, S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

678

Isolation of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from Japanese red fox (Vulpes vulpes japonica).

PMID 36314755 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

679

Increases in the Macrolide Resistance of Mycoplasma genitalium and the Emergence of the A2058T Mutation in the 23S rRNA Gene: Clonal Spread?

PMID 36358147 · 2022

mutation in parC gene

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79F parC: p.D83G

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: conventional amplification and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

680

How Streptococcus suis escapes antibiotic treatments.

PMID 36371221 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79F, D83G
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: mutant analysis
Source Database: Reslit

681

Genetic Predictive Factors for Nonsusceptible Phenotypes and Multidrug Resistance in Expanded-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli from a Multicenter Cohort: Insights into the Phenotypic and Genetic Basis of Coresistance.

PMID 36377882 · 2022

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.E84K parC: p.E84V

Protein Change: E84V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic analysis; whole-genome sequencing and susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

682

Detection and characterization of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and additional co-existence with mcr genes from river water in northern Thailand.

PMID 36405029 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84K, E84V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

683

Non-lactose fermenting Escherichia coli: Following in the footsteps of lactose fermenting E. coli high-risk clones.

PMID 36406419 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: E84V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genome analysis
Source Database: Reslit

684

Chromosomally and Plasmid-Located mcr in Salmonella from Animals and Food Products in China.

PMID 36409077 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80R
Organisms: Salmonella enterica, E. coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: resistance to ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

685

Concordance between Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotype and Genotype of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from Healthy Dogs.

PMID 36421269 · 2022

specific for all phenotypic-resistant isolates

Mutation Information

parC: p.P62S parC: p.G81C parC: p.S83I parC: p.S83N parC: p.D87N parC: p.I89V parC: p.S93F parC: p.T101I parC: p.A119S parC: p.A119E

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

686

Mycoplasma genitalium and Antimicrobial Resistance Among a Cohort of West African Men Who Have Sex With Men Using Preexposure Prophylaxis (CohMSM-PrEP ANRS 12369-Expertise France Study).

PMID 36467292 · 2022

Mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of parC

Mutation Information

Protein Change: P62S, G81C, S83I, S83N, D87N, I89V, S93F, T101I, A119S, A119E
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

687

Genome-resolved insight into the reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes in aquatic microbial community.

PMID 36473884 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80L
Organisms: Actinobacteria
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: multiple sequence alignment and reference gene comparison
Source Database: Reslit

688

Genomic Analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 Strain Coproducing KPC-2 and CTX-M-14 Isolated from Poultry in the Brazilian Amazon Region.

PMID 36551493 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: associated with fluoroquinolone resistance
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

689

Prevalence and whole genome phylogenetic analysis reveal genetic relatedness between antibiotic resistance Salmonella in hatchlings and older chickens from farms in Nigeria.

PMID 36584420 · 2023

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83I parC: p.S83R parC: p.D87N parC: p.D87Y

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Source Database: Reslit

690

Prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance-associated mutations in Mycoplasma genitalium among clients of two sexual health centres in the Netherlands: a cross-sectional study.

PMID 36600371 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I, S83R, D87N, D87Y
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

691

Molecular characterization of extended-spectrum cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone resistance genes in Salmonella and Shigella isolated from clinical specimens in Thailand.

PMID 36619450 · 2022

Mutation Information

parC: p.Y305H parC: p.P333S parC: p.R355G

Protein Change: T57S, S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica, Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

692

Study on the drug resistance and pathogenicity of Escherichia coli isolated from calf diarrhea and the distribution of virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance genes.

PMID 36620061 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: Y305H, P333S, R355G
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|enrofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR detection
Source Database: Reslit

693

The resistance mechanisms of bacteria against ciprofloxacin and new approaches for enhancing the efficacy of this antibiotic.

PMID 36620240 · 2022

Mutation Information

parC: p.S57T parC: p.S80L / c.A240G parC: p.E84K / c.G252A

Protein Change: S57T, S80L, E84K
Nucleotide Change: A240G, G252A
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: mutational analysis; sequencing and mutation analysis
Source Database: Reslit

694

One health clones of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli carried by synanthropic animals in Brazil.

PMID 36691392 · 2023

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80L parC: p.D84G

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|enrofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

695

Rapid emergence of extensively drug-resistant Shigella sonnei in France.

PMID 36709320 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80L, D84G
Organisms: Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: analysis of the AMR genes and structures in XDR S. sonnei isolates
Source Database: Reslit

696

gyrA Mutations in Mycoplasma genitalium and Their Contribution to Moxifloxacin Failure: Time for the Next Generation of Resistance-Guided Therapy.

PMID 36722416 · 2023

The S83I and D87N mutations in parC were associated with increased moxifloxacin treatment failure.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83I parC: p.D87N

Protein Change: S83I, D87N
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing and correlation with treatment outcomes
Source Database: Reslit

697

An ST131 clade and a phylogroup A clade bearing an O101-like O-antigen cluster predominate among bloodstream Escherichia coli isolates from South-West Nigeria hospitals.

PMID 36748556 · 2022

Mutations in parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.E84A parC: p.E84G parC: p.E84K parC: p.S57T parC: p.S80I

Protein Change: E84A, E84G, E84K, S57T, S80I
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

698

Quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli at the interface between humans, poultry and their shared environment- a potential public health risk.

PMID 36855171 · 2023

Single substitution

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.A56T parC: p.S57T parC: p.E84G

Protein Change: S80I, A56T, S57T, E84G
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acidfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PMID: 36855171
Source Database: Reslit

699

Fluoroquinolone resistance among fecal extended spectrum βeta lactamases positive Enterobacterales isolates from children in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

PMID 36882712 · 2023

Mutation Information

parC: p.S458A parC: p.I529L

Protein Change: S458A, I529L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

700

Mycoplasma genitalium prevalence, antimicrobial resistance-associated mutations, and coinfections with non-viral sexually transmitted infections in high-risk populations in Guatemala, Malta, Morocco, Peru and South Africa, 2019-2021.

PMID 36910203 · 2023

Mutations in both 23S rRNA A2058/A2059 and ParC S83/D87

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83I parC: p.S83N parC: p.D87N parC: p.D87H parC: c.A2058C parC: c.A2058G parC: c.A2058T parC: c.A2059G

Protein Change: S83I, S83N, D87N, D87H
Nucleotide Change: A2058C, A2058G, A2058T, A2059G
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesmacrolides
Validation Method: PCR amplification of a 220 bp region of MG parC followed by Sanger sequencing; PCR amplification of a 147 bp region of the MG 23S rRNA gene followed by Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

701

Genomic analyses of drug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg strains isolated from meat and related sources between 2013 and 2017 in the south region of Brazil.

PMID 36920496 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: quinolones|fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

702

Molecular characteristics and antibiotic resistance mechanisms of clindamycin-resistant Streptococcus agalactiae isolates in China.

PMID 36937303 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79F, S79Y
Organisms: Streptococcus agalactiae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

703

Whole-Genome Analysis of Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonella enterica Isolated from Duck Carcasses in Hanoi, Vietnam.

PMID 36975513 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S, S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

704

Genomic Analysis Reveals New Integrative Conjugal Elements and Transposons in GBS Conferring Antimicrobial Resistance.

PMID 36978411 · 2023

Mutation Information

parC: p.S84L parC: p.S84F

Protein Change: S80F
Organisms: Streptococcus agalactiae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: genotyping and phenotypic susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

705

Acinetobacter baumannii from Samples of Commercially Reared Turkeys: Genomic Relationships, Antimicrobial and Biocide Susceptibility.

PMID 36985332 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L, S84F
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

706

Genetic Determinants of Macrolide and Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium and Their Prevalence in Moscow, Russia.

PMID 36986417 · 2023

Mutation Information

parC: p.D84N parC: p.S80I parC: p.S80N parC: p.D84G parC: p.D84Y

Protein Change: D84N, S80I, S80N, D84G, D84Y
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

707

Discovery of a novel sub-lineage of multi-drug resistant Shigella flexneri in Southern California.

PMID 36990199 · 2023

chromosomal mutation

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Shigella flexneri
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

708

Editorial: Mobile genetic elements as dissemination drivers of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria

PMID 37009500 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

709

Genomic characterization of endemic diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and Escherichia albertii from infants with diarrhea in Vietnam.

PMID 37014918 · 2023

Mutation Information

parC: p.R1179K parC: p.E418G parC: p.C437Y parC: p.S580N parC: p.L696P parC: p.V845A parC: p.S915*parC: p.R921K parC: p.N1101S parC: p.G1140V parC: p.N1220S parC: p.Y1351C parC: p.Q1359*parC: p.R1446R parC: p.S1539S parC: p.I1908I parC: p.S2339S

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Escherichia albertii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

710

Drug Susceptibility Test and Analysis of Quinolone Resistance Genes in Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Vaccine Strains and Field Isolates from China.

PMID 37063936 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: R1179K, E418G, C437Y, S580N, L696P, V845A, S915*, R921K, N1101S, G1140V, N1220S, Y1351C, Q1359*, R1446R, S1539S, I1908I, S2339S
Organisms: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

711

Mycoplasma genitalium antibiotic resistance-associated mutations in genital and extragenital samples from men-who-have-sex-with-men attending a STI clinic in Verona, Italy.

PMID 37065200 · 2023

clinically relevant

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83I parC: p.S83N parC: p.D87N parC: p.D87Y parC: p.D82N

Protein Change: S83I, S83N, D87N, D87Y, D82N
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

712

Genome profiling of uropathogenic E. coli from strictly defined community-acquired UTI in paediatric patients: a multicentric study.

PMID 37072773 · 2023

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.S57T parC: p.E84K parC: p.E84V

Protein Change: S80I, S57T, E84K, E84V
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

713

A Nationwide Genomic Study of Clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae Carrying bla(OXA-232) and rmtF in China.

PMID 37102869 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

714

Prevalence and Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Dogs and Cats in South Korea.

PMID 37107106 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

715

Genomic Characterization of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Tertiary Hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

PMID 37108743 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: Whole genome sequencing and in silico analysis
Source Database: Reslit

716

A point mutation in recC associated with subclonal replacement of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11 in China.

PMID 37117217 · 2023

mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

parC: p.N438S

Protein Change: N438S
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: mutation
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

717

Isolation, susceptibility profiles and genomic analysis of a colistin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky strain COL-R.

PMID 37124985 · 2023

mutation in parC gene

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

718

Antibiotic-Resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 and Its SXT Elements Associated with Two Cholera Epidemics in Kenya in 2007 to 2010 and 2015 to 2016.

PMID 37125926 · 2023

Mutation Information

parC: p.F60L parC: p.I66V parC: p.Q76K

Protein Change: S85L
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

719

Mutation-based fluoroquinolone resistance in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli isolates causing catheter-related bloodstream infections.

PMID 37151743 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: F60L, I66V, Q76K
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

720

The Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae among Neonates in Kuwait.

PMID 37189605 · 2023

Mutation Information

parC: p.E87K parC: p.E91K

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

721

Dissemination of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with decreased susceptibility to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in Southern China, 2021: a genome-wide surveillance from 20 cities.

PMID 37198645 · 2023

Mutation Information

parC: p.D86N

Protein Change: D86N
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

722

Current State of Knowledge Regarding WHO High Priority Pathogens-Resistance Mechanisms and Proposed Solutions through Candidates Such as Essential Oils: A Systematic Review.

PMID 37298678 · 2023

mutations in the parC gene confer resistance to fluoroquinolones in N. gonorrhoeae

Mutation Information

Protein Change: E87K, E91K
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

723

Blab(TEM)-positive Salmonella enterica serovars Agona and Derby are prevalent among food-producing animals in Chongqing, China.

PMID 37303807 · 2023

Mutation Information

parC: p.S57T

Protein Change: S57T
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin|ofloxacin|enrofloxacin|gatifloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

724

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli population structure and antimicrobial susceptibility in Norfolk, UK.

PMID 37358190 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Table 2
Source Database: Reslit

725

Investigation of Delafloxacin Resistance in Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains and the Detection of E. coli ST43 International High-Risk Clone.

PMID 37375104 · 2023

mutations in QRDR of parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

parC: p.K20R parC: p.S84I parC: p.S534N

Protein Change: S80I, E84V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: delafloxacin|ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

726

Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae with high-level resistance to cefuroxime, levofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

PMID 37407940 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: K20R, S84I, S534N
Organisms: non-typeable Haemophilus
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic variation analysis
Source Database: Reslit

727

Antimicrobial susceptibilities and genomic epidemiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Stockholm, Sweden.

PMID 37442885 · 2023

Mutation Information

parC: p.S87N

Protein Change: S87N
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic resistance traits found in this strain
Source Database: Reslit

728

Expansion of healthcare-associated hypervirulent KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11/KL64 beyond hospital settings.

PMID 37448770 · 2023

Mutation Information

parC: p.S87R parC: p.E91G

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

729

Whole genome analysis and antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Ghana.

PMID 37455743 · 2023

Mutations in parC were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87R, E91G
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genotyping and phenotyping
Source Database: Reslit

730

Serotype replacement and an increase in non-encapsulated isolates among community-acquired infections of Streptococcus pneumoniae during post-vaccine era in Japan.

PMID 37554357 · 2023

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83L parC: p.S83R parC: p.D87N parC: p.D87Y

Protein Change: S79F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: direct sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

731

Portrait of a killer: Uncovering resistance mechanisms and global spread of Acinetobacter baumannii.

PMID 37561719 · 2023

Mutation Information

parC: p.S190Y

Protein Change: S190Y
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: mutagenesis and resistance testing
Source Database: Reslit

732

Global analysis on the mutations associated with multidrug-resistant urogenital mycoplasmas and ureaplasmas infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PMID 37563660 · 2023

mutations in parC gene associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, S83R, D87N, D87Y
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

733

Genomic and functional portrait of multidrug-resistant, hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S)-producing variants of Escherichia coli.

PMID 37577429 · 2023

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.S80R parC: p.A56T

Protein Change: S80I, S80R, A56T
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

734

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Yaoundé, Cameroon, 2019 to 2020.

PMID 37590058 · 2023

Mutation Information

parC: p.S87N

Protein Change: S87N
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genotyping and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

735

Genomic traits of multidrug resistant enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolates from diarrheic pigs.

PMID 37601351 · 2023

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80R parC: p.A56T parC: p.S80I

Protein Change: S80R, A56T, S80I
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

736

Poultry production as the main reservoir of ciprofloxacin- and tigecycline-resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky ST198.2-2 causing human infections in China.

PMID 37610223 · 2023

Mutations in parC confer resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S, S80I
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Source Database: Reslit

737

Dissemination of the high-risk cloneST147 carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae from a local tertiary care hospital in the Republic of Korea.

PMID 37620875 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

738

Founding of the culture collection of antibiotic-resistant strains of zoonotic bacteria in the Russian Federation.

PMID 37621551 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|enrofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

739

Multidrug Resistance Profiles and Resistance Mechanisms to β-Lactams and Fluoroquinolones in Bacterial Isolates from Hospital Wastewater in Bangladesh.

PMID 37623228 · 2023

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80Y parC: p.S80F

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp.
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and mutation analysis
Source Database: Reslit

740

Updated Review on Clinically-Relevant Properties of Delafloxacin.

PMID 37627661 · 2023

Most frequent mutation observed in DLX-resistant S. aureus strains

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80Y, S80F
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: delafloxacin
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

741

Genomic Characterization of Salmonella Isangi: A Global Perspective of a Rare Serovar.

PMID 37627729 · 2023

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80F parC: p.S80Y

Protein Change: T57S
Organisms: Salmonella Isangi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

742

Whole-Genome Sequencing-Based Screening of MRSA in Patients and Healthcare Workers in Public Hospitals in Benin.

PMID 37630513 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80F, S80Y
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Source Database: Reslit

743

Genomic analysis and antimicrobial activity of β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors and other agents against KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from Brazilian hospitals.

PMID 37670032 · 2023

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79F parC: p.A121V

Protein Change: S80I, E84K
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Source Database: Reslit

744

Sustained increase of paediatric invasive Streptococcus pyogenes infections dominated by M1(UK) and diverse emm12 isolates, Portugal, September 2022 to May 2023.

PMID 37676143 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79F, A121V
Organisms: Streptococcus pyogenes
Confers Resistance To: norfloxacin
Validation Method: disc diffusion according to EUCAST guidelines
Source Database: Reslit

745

Species Profiles and Antimicrobial Resistance of Non-aureus Staphylococci Isolated from Healthy Broilers, Farm Environments, and Farm Workers.

PMID 37701746 · 2023

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80L parC: p.T80I parC: p.S80I parC: p.S80V parC: p.Y56H parC: p.Y56F parC: p.Y74F parC: p.G92D parC: p.Q81K parC: p.D81H parC: p.G107A parC: p.S108R parC: p.I109L parC: p.R96C

Protein Change: S80L, T80I, S80I, S80V, Y56H, Y56F, Y74F, G92D, Q81K, D81H, G107A, S108R, I109L, R96C
Organisms: Staphylococcus agnetis, Staphylococcus saprophyticus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

746

Two cases of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection combining ceftriaxone-resistance and high-level azithromycin resistance, France, November 2022 and May 2023.

PMID 37707979 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87R
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

747

Prevalence of mutations associated with macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae with Allplex NG-DR Assay (Seegene) in a tertiary hospital from Madrid, Spain.

PMID 37721708 · 2023

Not detected in the study.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S91F

Protein Change: S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Allplex™ NG & DR Assay (Seegene®)
Source Database: Reslit

748

Evolution of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli biofilm treated with high doses of ciprofloxacin.

PMID 37731931 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80R
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

749

Outbreak of Sexually Transmitted Nongroupable Neisseria meningitidis-Associated Urethritis, Vietnam.

PMID 37735771 · 2023

Mutation at S87R in parC contributes to ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87R
Organisms: Neisseria meningitidis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

750

Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance correlation and plasmid characterization in Salmonella spp. isolates from Italy reveal high heterogeneity among serovars.

PMID 37744490 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Effect on Function: reduced susceptibility to (fluoro)quinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

751

Molecular characterization and differential effects of levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin on the potential for developing quinolone resistance among clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates.

PMID 37744929 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87L, S87W
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

752

Detection of Salmonella DNA and drug-resistance mutation by PCR-based CRISPR-lbCas12a system.

PMID 37750967 · 2023

The S80I mutation in the parC gene was detected in a clinical isolate and confirmed by direct sequencing.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR-lbCas12a detection and direct sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

753

The scope of antimicrobial resistance in residential aged care facilities determined through analysis of Escherichia coli and the total wastewater resistome.

PMID 37787536 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

754

Chance Favors the Prepared Genomes: Horizontal Transfer Shapes the Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance Mutations in Core Genes.

PMID 37788575 · 2023

One of the most frequent mutations in E. coli

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: Phylogenetic analysis and screening of mutations in the RefSeq dataset; phylogenetic reconstruction and analysis of mutation trajectories
Source Database: Reslit

755

The Drug-Specific Propensity Regarding the Acquisition of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Escherichia coli: An in vitro Challenge and DNA Mutation Analysis.

PMID 37789839 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84K
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

756

The balance between antibiotic resistance and fitness/virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: an update on basic knowledge and fundamental research.

PMID 37840717 · 2023

Mutations in parC lead to resistance to quinolones.

Mutation Information

parC: p.E84K

Protein Change: E84K
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

757

Strain belonging to an emerging, virulent sublineage of ST131 Escherichia coli isolated in fresh spinach, suggesting that ST131 may be transmissible through agricultural products.

PMID 37876872 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

758

The clinical, genomic, and microbiological profile of invasive multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli in a major teaching hospital in the United Kingdom.

PMID 37902454 · 2023

Mutation in parC contributes to ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.D475R

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

759

Detection of macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance-associated 23S rRNA and parC mutations in Mycoplasma genitalium by nested real-time PCR.

PMID 37928183 · 2023

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83R

Protein Change: S83R
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: nested real-time PCR
Source Database: Reslit

760

Fluoroquinolone resistance determinants in carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from urine clinical samples in Thailand.

PMID 37953793 · 2023

most common mutation

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, D475R
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Effect on Function: resistance
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing; sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

761

Comparative genotypic characterization related to antibiotic resistance phenotypes of clinical carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii MTC1106 (ST2) and MTC0619 (ST25).

PMID 37978344 · 2023

Double mutation with gyrA S81L

Mutation Information

parC: p.S84L parC: p.A661V

Protein Change: S84L, A661V
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

762

Resistome and virulome of high-risk pandemic clones of multidrug-resistant extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) isolated from tertiary healthcare settings in Uganda.

PMID 37992119 · 2023

Mutation Information

parC: p.S412I

Protein Change: S412I
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

763

Emergence and persistent spread of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae high-risk clones in Greek hospitals, 2013 to 2022.

PMID 37997662 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

764

Genome Analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae Reveals International High-Risk Pandemic MDR Clones Emerging in Tertiary Healthcare Settings in Uganda.

PMID 38003798 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

765

A Review of the Resistance Mechanisms for β-Lactams, Macrolides and Fluoroquinolones among Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 38003976 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80L
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

766

A One Health approach based on genomics for enhancing the Salmonella enterica surveillance in Colombia.

PMID 38020187 · 2023

Mutation Information

parC: p.E62K parC: p.S80I

Protein Change: T57S
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

767

Molecular epidemiology and pathogenomics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing- Escherichia coli and - Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from bulk tank milk in Tennessee, USA.

PMID 38029210 · 2023

Mutations in parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: E62K, S80I
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: Genome sequencing and gene characterization
Source Database: Reslit

768

Concurrent parC and gyrA fluoroquinolone resistance mutations and associated strains in Mycoplasma genitalium in Queensland, Australia

PMID 38102067 · 2024

ParC-S83I (G248T) mutation was the most common ParC mutation observed, found in 55.4% of samples.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83I parC: c.G261A

Protein Change: S83I
Nucleotide Change: G261A
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

769

Serovars, Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Genes of Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Strains from Dairy Systems in Mexico.

PMID 38136696 · 2023

Detected in 19 of the 20 isolates

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.L416F

Protein Change: T57S
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic characterization
Source Database: Reslit

770

Word-based GWAS harnesses the rich potential of genomic data for E. coli quinolone resistance.

PMID 38152371 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, L416F
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|norfloxacin|ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acidnorfloxacin
Validation Method: unitig analysis
Source Database: Reslit

771

Escherichia coli sequence type 410 with carbapenemases: a paradigm shift within E. coli toward multidrug resistance.

PMID 38193668 · 2024

associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

772

Genotypic Characterization of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli from Companion Animals: Predominance of ST372 in Dogs and Human-Related ST73 in Cats.

PMID 38247597 · 2023

Mutation Information

parC: p.A91K parC: p.A92Q parC: p.S87N parC: p.D86N parC: p.S82I parC: p.S87R parC: c.A91G

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Source Database: Reslit

773

Antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from India, Pakistan and Bhutan in 2007-2011.

PMID 23347339 · 2013

Mutations in the parC gene contribute to resistance to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A91K, A92Q, S87N, D86N, S82I, S87R
Nucleotide Change: A91G
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

774

Contribution of topoisomerase IV mutation to quinolone resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium.

PMID 23357772 · 2013

Mutation Information

parC: p.G81C parC: p.P261T

Protein Change: G81C, P261T
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|garenoxacin|moxifloxacin|gatifloxacin|sparfloxacin|tosufloxacin|levofloxacin|fleroxacin|norfloxacin|clinafloxacin|nadifloxacin|pazufloxacin
Validation Method: mutant strain selection and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

775

Clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor Ogawa of 2009 from Kolkata, India: preponderance of SXT element and presence of Haitian ctxB variant.

PMID 23431378 · 2013

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S85L
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

776

Cholera outbreaks in Nigeria are associated with multidrug resistant atypical El Tor and non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae.

PMID 23459673 · 2013

Mutation Information

parC: p.S84L parC: p.G208E parC: p.V661A

Protein Change: S85L
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

777

Comparative genomic analysis of rapid evolution of an extreme-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clone.

PMID 23538992 · 2013

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L, G208E, V661A
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: SNP analysis
Source Database: Reslit

778

Molecular characterization of acquired enrofloxacin resistance in Mycoplasma synoviae field isolates.

PMID 23612192 · 2013

Mutation Information

parC: p.D79N parC: p.T80A parC: p.S81P parC: p.D84N

Protein Change: D79N, T80A, S81P, D84N
Organisms: Mycoplasma synoviae
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

779

Fluoroquinolone and macrolide resistance-associated mutations in Mycoplasma genitalium.

PMID 23658265 · 2013

Mycoplasma genitalium parC mutations confers resistance to Moxifloxacin; CARD accession: CARD:3004630

Mutation Information

parC: p.G78C parC: p.V103I

Protein Change: G78C, V103I
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasmoides genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesmoxifloxacin
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Validation Method: PCR amplification and DNA sequence alignment
Source Database: ReslitCard Database

780

Copy Number Change of the NDM-1 sequence in a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolate.

PMID 23658651 · 2013

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.E107V

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

781

Temporal changes in resistance mechanisms in colonizing Escherichia coli isolates with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.

PMID 23719087 · 2013

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E107V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

782

Contribution of different mechanisms to the resistance to fluoroquinolones in clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica.

PMID 23742803 · 2013

Mutation Information

parC: p.D87S parC: p.S67C parC: p.R76C parC: p.C80R

Protein Change: D87S, S67C, R76C, C80R
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

783

Sublethal ciprofloxacin treatment leads to rapid development of high-level ciprofloxacin resistance during long-term experimental evolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 23774442 · 2013

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

784

Presence of multi-drug resistant pathogenic Escherichia coli in the San Pedro River located in the State of Aguascalientes, Mexico.

PMID 23785356 · 2013

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80F parC: p.D84N parC: p.S80Y parC: p.D84Y parC: p.D84G parC: p.D84V

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|pefloxacin
Validation Method: Sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

785

Emerging 8-Methoxyfluoroquinolone Resistance among Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolates Recovered from Patients with Endophthalmitis.

PMID 23824766 · 2013

Multiple combinations of mutations in parC gene

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80F, D84N, S80Y, D84Y, D84G, D84V
Organisms: Staphylococcus epidermidis
Confers Resistance To: gatifloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: Etest MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

786

Association of fluoroquinolone resistance, virulence genes, and IncF plasmids with extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ST131) and ST405 clonal groups.

PMID 23856781 · 2013

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80L parC: p.S80F

Protein Change: S80I, E84V
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

787

DNA microarray for genotyping antibiotic resistance determinants in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates.

PMID 23856783 · 2013

ParC S80L mutation confers resistance to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80L, S80F
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

788

Mechanisms of reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin in Escherichia coli isolates from Canadian hospitals.

PMID 23997786 · 2012

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.E84G parC: p.E84V parC: p.D111Y parC: p.S57T

Protein Change: S80I, E84G, E84V, D111Y, S57T
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDR) of chromosomal gyrA and parC genes
Source Database: Reslit

789

Mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA and parC in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Brazil.

PMID 24031957 · 2012

Mutations in parC gene are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.S80R parC: p.S80L parC: p.E84G parC: p.E84A parC: p.E84K parC: p.C107W

Protein Change: S80I, S80R, S80L, E84G, E84A, E84K, C107W
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Providencia stuartii, Serratia marcescens, Enterobacter aerogenes
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin|ofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

790

Acquired genetic mechanisms of a multiresistant bacterium isolated from a treatment plant receiving wastewater from antibiotic production.

PMID 24038701 · 2013

Mutations in quinolone target genes

Mutation Information

parC: p.A80V parC: p.E205D parC: p.D439E

Protein Change: A80V, E205D, D439E
Organisms: Ochrobactrum intermedium
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

791

Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the 21st century: past, evolution, and future.

PMID 24982323 · 2014

Results in resistance to ciprofloxacin.

gyrA_1_CP034026.1_D95N.G,gyrA_1_CP034026.1_S91P

High-level resistance when additional to gyrA S91P and gyrA D95N/G

Mutation Information

parC: p.D86N parC: p.S88P parC: p.E91K parC: p.E91G parC: p.E91Q

Protein Change: D86N, S88P, E91K, E91G, E91Q
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: High-level resistance when additional to gyrA S91P and gyrA D95N/G
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: ReslitResFinder Database

792

Susceptibility to β-lactams and quinolones of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from urinary tract infections in outpatients.

PMID 26691475 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84G
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

793

Comparative Genomics of Two ST 195 Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii with Different Susceptibility to Polymyxin Revealed Underlying Resistance Mechanism.

PMID 26779129 · 2015

Mutation in parC contributes to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79F parC: p.D83N parC: p.S52G parC: p.N91D parC: p.I460V

Protein Change: S80L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Genome analysis
Source Database: Reslit

794

Molecular Analysis of Rising Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Belgian Non-Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates (1995-2014).

PMID 27227336 · 2016

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79F, D83N, S52G, N91D, I460V
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin|levofloxacinciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

795

Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Clonality of Clinical Ureaplasma Isolates in the United States.

PMID 27246773 · 2016

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83L parC: p.E87K

Protein Change: S83L, E87K
Organisms: Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing of quinolone resistance-determining regions
Source Database: Reslit

796

Molecular characterization and analysis of high-level multidrug-resistance of Shigella flexneri serotype 4s strains from China.

PMID 27374009 · 2016

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Shigella flexneri
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

797

Multi-Drug Resistance Mediated by Class 1 Integrons in Aeromonas Isolated from Farmed Freshwater Animals.

PMID 27379065 · 2016

Mutation Information

parC: p.S84L parC: p.S467G

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas veronii, Aeromonas caviae, Aeromonas sobria, Aeromonas dhakensis, Aeromonas jandaei, Aeromonas trota, Aeromonas media
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid|ofloxacin|norfloxacin
Validation Method: PCR amplification and direct sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

798

First Occurrence of OXA-72-Producing Acinetobacter baumannii in Serbia.

PMID 27431216 · 2016

Mutations in gyrA and parC have previously been shown to be responsible for resistance to fluoroquinolones in Acinetobacter species

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L, S467G
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

799

Novel mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE in Shigella flexneri clinical isolates from eastern Chinese populations between 2001 and 2011.

PMID 27620866 · 2016

Shigella flexneri parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003941

parC

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.S80R parC: p.A85T parC: p.D111H parC: p.S129P

Protein Change: S80I, S80R, A85T, D111H, S129P
Organisms: Shigella flexneri, Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|norfloxacinfluoroquinolonesquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant; DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: ReslitCard DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

800

Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Causing Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis: A Genetic-Based Chronicle of Evolving Antibiotic Resistance.

PMID 29057280 · 2016

Present in all isolates

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

801

Genome Sequence of Kocuria polaris Strain CD08_4, an Isolate from the Duodenal Mucosa of a Celiac Disease Patient.

PMID 29074657 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Kocuria polaris
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

802

Exploring the Genome and Phenotype of Multi-Drug Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae of Clinical Origin.

PMID 29109700 · 2017

Mutation Information

parC: p.G84E

Protein Change: G84E
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: Sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

803

Genomic characterization of a local epidemic Pseudomonas aeruginosa reveals specific features of the widespread clone ST395.

PMID 29177088 · 2017

Mutation Information

parC: p.D86N parC: p.S87I parC: p.S87N parC: p.S87R parC: p.S88P parC: p.E91K parC: p.S91F

Protein Change: S87L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

804

Genomic epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in New Zealand.

PMID 29182725 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D86N, S87I, S87N, S87R, S88P, E91K, S91F
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genotypic and phenotypic analysis; WGS and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

805

Quinolone-resistant clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from University Hospital in Tunisia.

PMID 29201587 · 2018

Mutation Information

parC: p.G85D parC: p.S87N parC: p.E91G parC: p.E91K

Protein Change: S87L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

806

Exploring quinolone resistance-determining region in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from across India.

PMID 29205198 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: G85D, S87N, E91G, E91K
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

807

Whole-genome sequencing reveals transmission of gonococcal antibiotic resistance among men who have sex with men: an observational study.

PMID 29247013 · 2018

Mutation Information

parC: p.D86N parC: p.S87R parC: p.S87N parC: p.E91K parC: p.E91G

Protein Change: D86N, S87R, S87N, E91K, E91G
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

808

Emergence of Resistance Mutations in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Against Fluoroquinolones.

PMID 29255729 · 2017

Mutation in parC contributes to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

809

Mycoplasma genitalium: whole genome sequence analysis, recombination and population structure.

PMID 29281972 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: SNP analysis and MIC data
Source Database: Reslit

810

Chromosomal mutations that accompany qnr in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli.

PMID 29360506 · 2018

Mutation Information

parC: p.S468Y

Protein Change: S468Y
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

811

Molecular epidemiology of fluoroquinolone resistant Salmonella in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PMID 29432492 · 2018

Less common mutation in quinolone resistant Salmonella.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.E84G parC: p.E84V

Protein Change: S80I
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: meta-analysis
Source Database: Reslit

812

Fitness Tradeoffs of Antibiotic Resistance in Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli.

PMID 29432584 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84G, E84V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic sequencing and resistance profiling
Source Database: Reslit

813

Resistome Analysis of a Carbapenemase (OXA-48)-Producing and Colistin-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain.

PMID 29483109 · 2018

Nonsynonymous mutation in the parC gene

Mutation Information

parC: p.S87L parC: p.S141H parC: p.S141T

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

814

Mutations in the gyrA, parC, and mexR genes provide functional insights into the fluoroquinolone-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in Vietnam.

PMID 29535543 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87L, S141H, S141T
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

815

Cephalosporin-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Clone, China

PMID 29553336 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87R
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: NG-STAR analysis
Source Database: Reslit

816

Out of Asia: the independent rise and global spread of fluoroquinolone-resistant Shigella.

PMID 29595412 · 2018

mutations in QRDR region of parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance in Shigella

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

817

Dominant serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of Shigella spp. in Xinjiang, China.

PMID 29614121 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Shigella flexneri
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|norfloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

818

Genomic Analysis of a Pan-Resistant Isolate of Klebsiella pneumoniae, United States 2016.

PMID 29615503 · 2018

mutation leading to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79F parC: p.S79A parC: p.S79Y parC: p.D83V parC: p.A121V parC: p.D78A parC: p.D91N parC: p.S140P

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Using K. pneumoniae strain ATCC 43816 as a reference, mutations leading to amino acid changes that render fluoroquinolones inactive were identified in two chromosomal genes, gyrA (S80F and D87A) and parC (S80I)
Source Database: Reslit

819

Identification and Characterization of Fluoroquinolone Non-susceptible Streptococcus pyogenes Clones Harboring Tetracycline and Macrolide Resistance in Shanghai, China.

PMID 29628918 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79F, S79A, S79Y, D83V, A121V, D78A, D91N, S140P
Organisms: Streptococcus pyogenes
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

820

High Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae Among Clinical Isolates From Cats and Dogs Admitted to a Veterinary Hospital in Switzerland.

PMID 29662886 · 2018

Mutation Information

parC: p.E84G

Protein Change: E84G
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

821

Laboratory and molecular surveillance of paediatric typhoidal Salmonella in Nepal: Antimicrobial resistance and implications for vaccine policy.

PMID 29684021 · 2018

Mutations in the QRDR of parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.R267H parC: p.A440V parC: p.F565L

Protein Change: S80I, E84G
Organisms: Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Paratyphi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and SNP analysis; genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

822

Genomic and Geographic Context for the Evolution of High-Risk Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacter cloacae Complex Clones ST171 and ST78.

PMID 29844109 · 2018

Mutation in parC contributes to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.E80D

Protein Change: E80D
Organisms: Enterobacter cloacae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

823

Whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial resistance in Brucella melitensis from a Norwegian perspective.

PMID 29867163 · 2018

Mutations in parC were not associated with fluoroquinolone resistance as determined by phenotypic testing.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: R267H, A440V, F565L
Organisms: Brucella melitensis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

824

Bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of urine culture isolates from patients in Ndjamena, Chad.

PMID 29881501 · 2017

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83I parC: p.A66T parC: p.S83N parC: p.A67S parC: p.P62S parC: p.A119V

Protein Change: S80R
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: detection in quinolone-resistant isolates
Source Database: Reslit

825

Mutations in ParC and GyrA of moxifloxacin-resistant and susceptible Mycoplasma genitalium strains.

PMID 29883482 · 2018

The mutation Ser83→Ile in ParC is closely related to moxifloxacin resistance.

Mycoplasma genitalium parC mutations confers resistance to Moxifloxacin; CARD accession: CARD:3004630

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I, A66T, S83N, A67S, P62S, A119V
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasmoides genitalium
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: ReslitCard Database

826

Pathogenic potential and the role of clones and plasmids in beta-lactamase-producing E. coli from chicken faeces in Vietnam.

PMID 30947723 · 2019

Mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA and parC genes.

Mutation Information

parC: p.E84G parC: p.E84K parC: p.S80I

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

827

Phylogenetic Analysis Indicates a Longer Term Presence of the Globally Distributed H58 Haplotype of Salmonella Typhi in Southern India.

PMID 32003431 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: E84G, E84K, S80I
Organisms: Salmonella Typhi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

828

Broad-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Klebsiella spp. Isolated from Diseased Horses in Austria.

PMID 32093201 · 2020

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.Y128F parC: p.S129P

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella michiganensis, Klebsiella oxytoca
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

829

A Survey of Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in Category A Select Agents, Exempt Strains, and Near-Neighbor Species.

PMID 32121349 · 2020

Mutations in QRDR of parC leading to ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

parC: p.S81F

Protein Change: S81F
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: HRMA and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

830

Molecular characterization of quinolone resistant Shigella spp. isolates from patients in Ardabil, Iran.

PMID 32148681 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, Y128F, S129P
Organisms: Shigella sonnei, Shigella boydii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

831

Emergence of CTX-M-27-producing Escherichia coli of ST131 and clade C1-M27 in an impacted ecosystem with international maritime traffic in South America.

PMID 32167559 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

832

Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium Infection, Antimicrobial Resistance Mutations, and Symptom Resolution Following Treatment of Urethritis.

PMID 32185385 · 2020

Quinolone-associated mutations in parC

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: targeted amplification/Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

833

Isolation of Drug-Resistant Gallibacterium anatis from Calves with Unresponsive Bronchopneumonia, Belgium.

PMID 32186507 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Gallibacterium anatis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

834

Phylogenetic Grouping of Human Ocular Escherichia coli Based on Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis.

PMID 32192112 · 2020

Mutation Information

parC: p.S82R parC: p.S82I

Protein Change: S80I
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: ResFinder 3.2
Source Database: Reslit

835

Genomic Epidemiology of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) in Latin America: Revisiting The Global VRE Population Structure.

PMID 32221315 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S82R, S82I
Organisms: Enterococcus faecium
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

836

Antimicrobial Resistance in Clinical Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis and Structural Mechanisms Underlying Quinolone Resistance.

PMID 32229497 · 2020

mutations in ParC are associated with quinolone resistance

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83L parC: p.S83W parC: p.S83A parC: p.E87K parC: p.E87Q parC: p.S91I

Protein Change: S83L, S83W, S83A, E87K, E87Q, S91I
Organisms: Ureaplasma spp., Mycoplasma hominis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

837

Antimicrobial resistance and novel mutations detected in the gyrA and parC genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from companion dogs.

PMID 32293442 · 2020

All 23 enrofloxacin-resistant P. aeruginosa strains had mutations in the parC gene

Mutation Information

parC: p.P116R parC: p.S87L

Protein Change: P116R, S87L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin|marbofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing analysis
Source Database: Reslit

838

Epidemiological Study on Prevalence, Serovar Diversity, Multidrug Resistance, and CTX-M-Type Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases of Salmonella spp. from Patients with Diarrhea, Food of Animal Origin, and Pets in Several Provinces of China.

PMID 32312775 · 2020

The study identified QRDR mutations in GyrA and ParC, including S80I in ParC, which are associated with resistance to quinolones such as ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83N parC: p.S84P parC: p.D87Y parC: p.S83I

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Effect on Function: mutations in GyrA (S83Y, S83F, D87G, D87N, D87Y) and ParC (S80I)
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

839

Mycoplasma genitalium in Singapore is associated with Chlamydia trachomatis infection and displays high macrolide and Fluoroquinolone resistance rates.

PMID 32345231 · 2020

mutations in parC associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83N, S84P, D87Y, S83I
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

840

Discovery of seven novel mutations of gyrB, parC and parE in Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi strains from Jiangsu Province of China.

PMID 32355184 · 2020

Mutations in parC contribute to quinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S
Organisms: Salmonella Paratyphi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

841

Genomic profiling of Escherichia coli isolates from bacteraemia patients: a 3-year cohort study of isolates collected at a Sydney teaching hospital.

PMID 32374251 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

842

Repetitive cellulitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae isolates with different genotypic and phenotypic features in a patient having upper extremity with lymphedema after mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection.

PMID 32420032 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79F
Organisms: Streptococcus agalactiae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

843

Prevalence and Characterization of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Determinants qnr and aac(6')-Ib-cr in Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Commercial Layer in Korea.

PMID 32423191 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

844

Predictable properties of fitness landscapes induced by adaptational tradeoffs.

PMID 32423531 · 2020

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.E84G parC: p.E84K

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: measured MIC values and dose-response curves; dose-response curves and growth experiments
Source Database: Reslit

845

Genomic profiling of antimicrobial resistance genes in clinical isolates of Salmonella Typhi from patients infected with Typhoid fever in India.

PMID 32427945 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84G, E84K
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|pefloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

846

Persistent Asymptomatic Human Infections by Salmonella enterica Serovar Newport in China.

PMID 32461269 · 2020

Found in one ST68 isolate.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

847

The Genome Structure of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Mycoplasma Hominis Clinical Isolates.

PMID 32477599 · 2020

Mutation Information

parC: p.K144R

Protein Change: K144R
Organisms: Mycoplasma hominis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: analysis of QRDR region in the genes encoding topoisomerases
Source Database: Reslit

848

Comparative Genome Analyses of Wild Type- and Quinolone Resistant Escherichia coli Indicate Dissemination of QREC in the Norwegian Broiler Breeding Pyramid.

PMID 32508776 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

849

Characterizing Antimicrobial Resistant Escherichia coli and Associated Risk Factors in a Cross-Sectional Study of Pig Farms in Great Britain.

PMID 32523560 · 2020

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83I parC: p.S83R parC: p.D87N parC: p.D87Y

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

850

In vitro activity of the first-in-class triazaacenaphthylene gepotidacin alone and in combination with doxycycline against drug-resistant and -susceptible Mycoplasma genitalium.

PMID 32552547 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I, S83R, D87N, D87Y
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: experimental validation
Source Database: Reslit

851

Characterization of Extremely Drug-Resistant and Hypervirulent Acinetobacter baumannii AB030.

PMID 32560407 · 2020

Mutation Information

parC: p.S84L parC: p.S467G

Protein Change: S84L, S467G
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: AB030 contains multiple mutations in both GyrA and ParC: GyrA (81 S→L) and ParC (84 S→L, 467 S→G) (Figure 4)
Source Database: Reslit

852

Genomic Analysis Reveals Antibiotic-Susceptible Clones and Emerging Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Saskatchewan, Canada.

PMID 32571818 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87R
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

853

Molecular characteristics of fluoroquinolone-resistant avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from broiler chickens.

PMID 32616259 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

854

Whole Genome Sequencing and Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Bacterial Strains Isolated From a Norwegian University Campus Pond.

PMID 32625184 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84K
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

855

High-resolution characterisation of ESBL/pAmpC-producing Escherichia coli isolated from the broiler production pyramid.

PMID 32636426 · 2020

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.Q10R parC: p.S81P parC: p.D84N parC: p.A116P parC: p.V156I

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

856

Mycoplasma bovis in Spanish Cattle Herds: Two Groups of Multiresistant Isolates Predominate, with One Remaining Susceptible to Fluoroquinolones.

PMID 32645913 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, Q10R, S81P, D84N, A116P, V156I
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin|marbofloxacin|danofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

857

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Pseudomonas spp. Isolated From Raw Milk Revealed by Whole Genome Sequencing.

PMID 32655503 · 2020

Mutation Information

parC: p.S1054F parC: p.S1054Y

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Pseudomonas spp.
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

858

Strong Environment-Genotype Interactions Determine the Fitness Costs of Antibiotic Resistance In Vitro and in an Insect Model of Infection.

PMID 32661001 · 2020

Mutant ID: 10a

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S1054F, S1054Y
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

859

Delafloxacin: A Review in Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections.

PMID 32666425 · 2020

Mutation Information

parC: p.S90Y

Protein Change: S90Y
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: clinical trial data
Source Database: Reslit

860

Doxycycline and Sitafloxacin Combination Therapy for Treating Highly Resistant Mycoplasma genitalium.

PMID 32687029 · 2020

Single nucleotide polymorphism in parC

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.E84K parC: p.S83L

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: sitafloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

861

The prevalence and mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from swine farms in China.

PMID 32723358 · 2020

Mutations in the QRDR region

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84K, S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

862

MYCO WELL D-ONE detection of Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis in sexual health patients in Wales.

PMID 32725499 · 2020

The Ser83Leu mutation in parC is responsible for levofloxacin resistance in Ureaplasma spp.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Ureaplasma spp.
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: CLSI-compliant AST and whole genome sequencing; whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

863

Profiles of gyrA Mutations and Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes in Shigella Isolates with Different Levels of Fluoroquinolone Susceptibility.

PMID 32765004 · 2020

Present in ciprofloxacin-intermediate and ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

864

Complete Genome Assembly of a Multidrug-Resistant New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase 1 (NDM-1)-Producing Escherichia coli Human Isolate from a New Zealand Hospital.

PMID 32816984 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: in silico analysis
Source Database: Reslit

865

Drug Resistance Determinants in Clinical Isolates of Enterococcus faecalis in Bangladesh: Identification of Oxazolidinone Resistance Gene optrA in ST59 and ST902 Lineages.

PMID 32824090 · 2020

Mutation Information

parC: p.S82I

Protein Change: S82I
Organisms: Enterococcus faecalis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

866

Frequency of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Salmonella From Brazil by in silico Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis: An Overview of the Last Four Decades.

PMID 32849452 · 2020

Mutation in parC contributes to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S87R parC: p.D86N parC: p.E91G

Protein Change: T57S
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Source Database: Reslit

867

Horizontal Gene Transfer of Fluoroquinolone Resistance-Conferring Genes From Commensal Neisseria to Neisseria gonorrhoeae: A Global Phylogenetic Analysis of 20,047 Isolates.

PMID 35369513 · 2022

Substitutions S87R, D86N, and E91G in parC were associated with resistance to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87R, D86N, E91G
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

868

Allele-specific collateral and fitness effects determine the dynamics of fluoroquinolone resistance evolution.

PMID 35476512 · 2022

Mutations in parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance in S. pneumoniae.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79F parC: p.S79Y parC: p.D83N parC: p.D83Y parC: p.S81F / c.C244T parC: p.S81Y / c.TCA->TAC

Protein Change: S79F, S79Y, D83N, D83Y, S81F, S81Y
Nucleotide Change: C244T, TCA->TAC
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesciprofloxacin
Validation Method: experimental validation through MIC testing; MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

869

Performance of the first commercial dual resistance assay, AmpliSens Mycoplasma genitalium-ML/FQ-Resist-FL, for detection of potential macrolide and quinolone resistance-associated mutations and prevalence of M. genitalium resistance mutations in St. Petersburg, Russia.

PMID 35710533 · 2023

Mutation Information

parC: p.D87N parC: c.T83A

Protein Change: D87N
Nucleotide Change: T83A
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

870

mcr-1-Mediated Colistin Resistance and Genomic Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance in ESBL-Producing Salmonella Infantis Strains from a Broiler Meat Production Chain in Italy.

PMID 35740135 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S
Organisms: Salmonella Infantis
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

871

Genomic Analysis of Two MDR Isolates of Salmonella enterica Serovar Infantis from a Spanish Hospital Bearing the bla(CTX-M-65) Gene with or without fosA3 in pESI-like Plasmids.

PMID 35740192 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis
Source Database: Reslit

872

Antimicrobial susceptibility and genomic profiling of Salmonella enterica from bloodstream infections at a tertiary referral hospital in Lusaka, Zambia, 2018-2019.

PMID 35755477 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: Genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

873

Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms in Third-Generation Cephalosporin and Ciprofloxacin Resistant Salmonella Isolates from Livestock Meat and Human Diarrhea Patients

PMID 35756010 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S, S80I, S80R
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

874

Spread of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates Producing NDM-Type Metallo-β-Lactamase in Myanmar.

PMID 35762817 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84K
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

875

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats Genotyping of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Heidelberg Strains Isolated From the Poultry Production Chain Across Brazil.

PMID 35783410 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing; detection in all strains
Source Database: Reslit

876

Genomic and Evolutionary Analysis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Kentucky Sequence Type 198 Isolated From Livestock In East Africa.

PMID 35795189 · 2022

Mutations in gyrA and parC confer resistance to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S, S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

877

Gold nanocluster adjuvant enables the eradication of persister cells by antibiotics and abolishes the emergence of resistance.

PMID 35796201 · 2022

Mutation in parC was identified as the resistance mechanism in PA01 after exposure to sub-MIC of OFL.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80L
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: MIC testing with efflux pump inhibitor
Source Database: Reslit

878

Dynamics of Antimicrobial Resistance and Genomic Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Indiana ST17 from 2006 to 2017 in China.

PMID 35861536 · 2022

Mutations in parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S, S80R
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

879

Draft Genome Sequences of Two Commensal Enterococcus faecalis Strains Isolated from American Black Vultures (Coragyps atratus) in Brazil.

PMID 35862905 · 2022

Mutation Information

parC: p.S85I

Protein Change: S85I
Organisms: Enterococcus faecalis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

880

The First Saudi Report of Novel and Common Mutations in the gyrA and parC Genes Among Pseudomonas Spp. Clinical Isolates Recovered from Taif Area.

PMID 35875614 · 2022

Common mutation in parC

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83I parC: p.S83N parC: p.S83R parC: p.S83C parC: p.D87Y parC: p.D87N parC: p.D87G parC: p.D87H

Protein Change: S87L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|ofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

881

Rapid Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium by High-Resolution Melting Analysis with Unlabeled Probes.

PMID 35880894 · 2022

Mutations in the parC gene are responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I, S83N, S83R, S83C, D87Y, D87N, D87G, D87H
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

882

Enterococcus Virulence and Resistant Traits Associated with Its Permanence in the Hospital Environment.

PMID 35884110 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: experimental validation
Source Database: Reslit

883

Molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from pregnant women in Japan, 2017-2021.

PMID 35923645 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79F
Organisms: Streptococcus agalactiae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: analysis of quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs)
Source Database: Reslit

884

Whole-genome sequencing-based prediction and analysis of antimicrobial resistance in Yersinia enterocolitica from Ningxia, China.

PMID 35942314 · 2022

Mutation in parC is associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.P643S

Protein Change: P643S
Organisms: Yersinia enterocolitica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: analysis of the DNA sequences of the y56 gene, including ampicillin-susceptible, intermediate resistant, and resistant strains, and the results indicated that the order of DNA alignment was closely related to the biotype but not the resistance phenotype
Source Database: Reslit

885

Within-farm dynamics of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in dairy cattle: Resistance profiles and molecular characterization by long-read whole-genome sequencing.

PMID 35966684 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Source Database: Reslit

886

Antimicrobial susceptibilities and mechanisms of resistance of commensal and invasive Mycoplasma salivarium isolates.

PMID 35979479 · 2022

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.S81Y parC: p.D84N

Protein Change: S80I, E84K
Organisms: Mycoplasma salivarium
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of parC gene
Source Database: Reslit

887

The Resistance Mechanism of Mycoplasma bovis From Yaks in Tibet to Fluoroquinolones and Aminoglycosides.

PMID 35982926 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, S81Y, D84N
Organisms: Mycoplasma bovis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|enrofloxacin|norfloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

888

Genomic surveillance of Salmonella spp. in the Philippines during 2013-2014.

PMID 35999186 · 2022

Mutation Information

parC: p.V104I parC: p.D105E parC: p.S84L

Protein Change: S80I, T57S
Organisms: Salmonella Typhi, non-typhoidal Salmonella
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genotypic resistance prediction
Source Database: Reslit

889

In Vitro Activity of Sulbactam-Durlobactam against Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates: A Multicentre Report from Italy.

PMID 36010006 · 2022

Acinetobacter baumannii parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003818

Mutation Information

Protein Change: V104I, D105E, S84L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: ReslitCard Database

890

Prevalence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance (PMQRs) Determinants and Whole Genome Sequence Screening of PMQR-Producing E. coli Isolated from Men Undergoing a Transrectal Prostate Biopsy.

PMID 36012180 · 2022

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.E84G parC: p.E84V

Protein Change: S80I, E84G, E84V
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: WGS
Source Database: Reslit

891

Molecular Typing Reveals Distinct Mycoplasma genitalium Transmission Networks among a Cohort of Men Who Have Sex with Men and a Cohort of Women in France.

PMID 36014005 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

892

Clonal distribution and antimicrobial resistance of methicillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from broiler farms, slaughterhouses, and retail chicken meat.

PMID 36041389 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80F
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|enrofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing analysis of QRDRs
Source Database: Reslit

893

Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of the emerging human respiratory pathogen Mycoplasma amphoriforme isolated from the UK and Denmark.

PMID 36048620 · 2022

The S89F mutation in ParC was consistently found in all fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S89F

Protein Change: S89F
Organisms: Mycoplasma amphoriforme
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic data and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

894

Molecular analysis of OXA-48-producing Escherichia coli in Switzerland from 2019 to 2020.

PMID 36103096 · 2022

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.A108V

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

895

Molecular characteristics of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from suckling piglets with colibacillosis.

PMID 36109712 · 2022

Mutation Information

parC: p.S57Q

Protein Change: S57Q
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: mutation
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

896

Investigation of In Vitro Susceptibility and Resistance Mechanisms in Skin Pathogens: Perspectives for Fluoroquinolone Therapy in Canine Pyoderma.

PMID 36139982 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, A108V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

897

Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Resistance and Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Variants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID 36142410 · 2022

Mutation Information

parC: p.D86N parC: p.A92T

Protein Change: D86N, A92T
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: in vitro mutant selection
Source Database: Reslit

898

Comparative Genomic Analysis of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli from South American Camelids in Central Germany.

PMID 36144308 · 2022

Mutation Information

parC: p.E80G parC: p.S151P / c.T452C

Protein Change: E80G, S151P
Nucleotide Change: T452C
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

899

Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella Indiana from retail chickens in China and emergence of an mcr-1-harboring isolate with concurrent resistance to ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, and colistin.

PMID 36160190 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S, S80R
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: Genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

900

Genomic characterization of two metagenome-assembled genomes of Tropheryma whipplei from China.

PMID 36189364 · 2022

Mutation Information

parC: p.S96A

Protein Change: S96A
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: RAST annotation
Source Database: Reslit

901

Whole genome sequence analysis of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli recovered from New Zealand freshwater sites.

PMID 36200854 · 2022

Mutation Information

parC: p.I529L

Protein Change: I529L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

902

Acquisition of genomic elements were pivotal for the success of Escherichia coli ST410

PMID 36204996 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

903

Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Species and Their Mobile Genetic Elements from Poultry Farm Environments in Malaysia.

PMID 37627750 · 2023

Mutation Information

parC: p.A395S

Protein Change: A395S
Organisms: Salmonella enterica, Salmonella Jedburgh, Salmonella Brancaster
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

904

Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms in Gram-Negative Bacteria.

PMID 37998792 · 2023

Mutation Information

parC: p.S84L parC: p.V104I parC: p.D105E parC: p.E84G / c.A253G parC: p.S80I / c.TCA->ATA

Protein Change: S80I
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

905

Molecular and clinical epidemiology of carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacterales in Fiji: a multicentre prospective observational study.

PMID 38867891 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L, V104I, D105E, E84G, S80I
Nucleotide Change: A253G, TCA->ATA
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

906

The novel 2024 WHO Neisseria gonorrhoeae reference strains for global quality assurance of laboratory investigations and superseded WHO N. gonorrhoeae reference strains-phenotypic, genetic and reference genome characterization.

PMID 38889110 · 2024

carried mutations leading to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

parC: p.D86N parC: p.S87R parC: p.S88P

Protein Change: D86N, S87R, S88P
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

907

Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance, Virulence, and Plasmid Dynamics in Multidrug-Resistant E. coli Isolates from Imported Shrimp.

PMID 38890994 · 2024

Mutation Information

parC: p.E84K parC: p.E84G parC: p.S80I

Protein Change: E84K, E84G, S80I
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

908

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Resistancein Clinical Isolates of Enterococcus spp. Obtained from Hospital Patients in Latvia.

PMID 38929467 · 2024

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.S87L

Protein Change: S80I, S87L
Organisms: Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

909

Genome Sequences of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Recovered from Mid-Stream Urine Samples in Accra, Ghana.

PMID 38930521 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: norfloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

910

Unveiling the microevolution of antimicrobial resistance in selected Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Egyptian healthcare settings: A genomic approach.

PMID 38969684 · 2024

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.S58I parC: p.S80R

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: antibiotic target alteration
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

911

Comparative genomics of quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli from broilers and humans in Norway.

PMID 38971718 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, S58I, S80R
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

912

Genomic and phenotypic inconsistencies in Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistome among intensive care patients.

PMID 38975326 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacinciprofloxacin
Validation Method: NGS-AST analysis and phenotypic resistance; NGS-AST analysis
Source Database: Reslit

913

A microbiological and genomic perspective of globally collected Escherichia coli from adults hospitalized with invasive E. coli disease.

PMID 39001716 · 2024

Mutation Information

parC: p.D87E parC: p.S87I parC: p.S87R

Protein Change: S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

914

Emergence of Carbapenem-resistant Clinical Isolates of Providencia Species.

PMID 39021729 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87E, S87I, S87R
Organisms: Providencia rettgeri, Providencia stuartii
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Table 2
Source Database: Reslit

915

Investigation of gyrA and parC mutations and the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates.

PMID 39026143 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, E84K
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

916

Exposure to blue light reduces antimicrobial resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from dog ear infections.

PMID 39027093 · 2024

Mutation Information

parC: p.T847A

Protein Change: T847A
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

917

Antimicrobial resistance genes harbored in invasive Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex isolated from Korean children during the pre-COVID-19 pandemic periods, 2015-2020.

PMID 39027135 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii, Non-baumannii Acinetobacter
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

918

Staphylococcus aureus associated with surgical site infections in Western Kenya reveals genomic hotspots for pathogen evolution.

PMID 39045253 · 2024

Mutation Information

parC: p.G85C parC: p.A123E

Protein Change: S80Y
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

919

In vitro evolution of ciprofloxacin resistance in Neisseria commensals and derived mutation population dynamics in natural Neisseria populations.

PMID 39071422 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: G85C, A123E
Organisms: Neisseria canis, Neisseria subflava
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

920

Evolution of ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium and its impact on virulence and colonization

PMID 39082861 · 2024

Mutations identified in the quinolone resistance-determining regions

Mutation Information

parC: p.S87N parC: p.E91G

Protein Change: D87G
Organisms: Salmonella Typhimurium
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR amplification and sequencing of QRDR regions
Source Database: Reslit

921

Interactions between Zoliflodacin and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV: Enzymological Basis for Cellular Targeting.

PMID 39082980 · 2024

Mutations in parC reduce susceptibility to zoliflodacin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87N, E91G
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: enzymatic activity assays
Source Database: Reslit

922

Etiological, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of sexually transmitted infections and M. genitalium resistance in Shenzhen: a multicenter cross-sectional study in China.

PMID 39119297 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Confers Resistance To: macrolides|fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

923

Bacterial Genomics for National Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance in Cambodia.

PMID 39163245 · 2025

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.D79Y parC: p.A81P parC: p.N105I parC: p.S87L parC: p.21del parC: p.27del

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii, Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and AMR gene characterization
Source Database: Reslit

924

Comparative in vitro activity of Delafloxacin and other antimicrobials against isolates from patients with acute bacterial skin, skin-structure infection and osteomyelitis.

PMID 39305936 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, D79Y, A81P, N105I, S87L, 21del, 27del
Organisms: E. coli, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

925

Monitoring of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutational resistome dynamics using an enrichment panel for direct sequencing of clinical samples.

PMID 39332391 · 2024

Detected in ST175 isolate.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S87W

Protein Change: S87W
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: direct sequencing with enrichment panel
Source Database: Reslit

926

Co-Occurrence of Two Plasmids Encoding Transferable bla(NDM-1) and tet(Y) Genes in Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter bereziniae.

PMID 39336804 · 2024

Mutation Information

parC: p.F84Y

Protein Change: F84Y
Organisms: Acinetobacter bereziniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

927

Activity of quinolones against gram-positive cocci: mechanisms of drug action and bacterial resistance.

PMID 12373497 · 2002

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80R parC: p.S80I parC: p.E84A parC: p.E84K parC: p.E84T

Protein Change: S80R, S80I, E84A, E84K, E84T
Organisms: Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ResFinder Database

928

Surgical treatment for anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery.

PMID 123735 · 1975

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80R parC: p.S80I

Protein Change: S80R, S80I
Organisms: Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ResFinder Database

929

Alterations in the GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase and the ParC subunit of DNA topoisomerase IV associated with quinolone resistance in Enterococcus faecalis.

PMID 9527801 · 1998

Mutation Information

parC: p.E84A parC: p.E84K parC: p.E84T

Protein Change: E84A, E84K, E84T
Organisms: Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ResFinder Database

930

Mutations in gyrA and parC genes in nalidixic acid-resistant Escherichia coli strains from food products, humans and animals.

PMID 12654733 · 2003

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

parC

Mutation Information

parC: p.A56T parC: p.E84G parC: p.E84K parC: p.E84V parC: p.E84A parC: p.E84R parC: p.S57T parC: p.S80R

Protein Change: A56T, E84G, E84K, E84V, E84A, E84R, S57T, S80R
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: Target modification; DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Source Database: ResFinder DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

931

Patterns of mutations in target genes in septicemia isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae with resistance or reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

PMID 14510643 · 2003

Unknown phenotype if S57T occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Unknown phenotype if G78C occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

parC

Mutation Information

parC: p.S57T parC: p.G78D parC: p.G78C parC: p.G78K

Protein Change: S57T, G78D, G78C, G78K
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: Target modification; DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Source Database: ResFinder DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

932

Prevalence of quinolone resistance mechanisms and associations to minimum inhibitory concentrations in quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from humans and swine in Denmark.

PMID 18500921 · 2008

Unknown phenotype if F60I or F60K occur alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

parC

Mutation Information

parC: p.F60I parC: p.F60K parC: p.F60L

Protein Change: F60I, F60K, F60L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: Target modification; DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Source Database: ResFinder DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

933

2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin stimulation of tyrosine phosphorylation in B lymphocytes: potential role in immunosuppression.

PMID 1850092 · 1991

Unknown phenotype if F60I or F60K occur alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

parC

Mutation Information

parC: p.F60I parC: p.F60K parC: p.A108T

Protein Change: F60I, F60K, A108T
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: Target modification; DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Source Database: ResFinder DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

934

Quinolone-resistant mutants of escherichia coli DNA topoisomerase IV parC gene.

PMID 8851598 · 1996

Unknown phenotype if G78C occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

parC

Mutation Information

parC: p.G78D parC: p.G78C parC: p.S80R parC: p.S80I parC: p.S80W parC: p.S80L parC: p.E84K

Protein Change: G78D, G78C, S80R, S80I, S80W, S80L, E84K
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: Target modification; DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Source Database: ResFinder DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

935

PMID 21856834-20638608

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80R parC: p.S80I parC: p.S80W parC: p.S80L

Protein Change: S80R, S80I, S80W, S80L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ResFinder Database

936

Characterisation of novel mutations involved in quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from imported shrimp.

PMID 25631675 · 2015

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Escherichia coli parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003308

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80R parC: p.S80I parC: p.S80W parC: p.S80L parC: p.E84G

Protein Change: S80R, S80I, S80W, S80L, E84G
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: Target modification; single resistance variant
Source Database: ResFinder DatabaseCard Database

937

High percentage of resistance to ciprofloxacin and qnrB19 gene identified in urinary isolates of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Madrid, Spain.

PMID 20638608 · 2010

Unknown phenotype if each mutation occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

parC: p.E84G parC: p.E84K parC: p.E84V parC: p.E84A parC: p.E84R

Protein Change: E84G, E84K, E84V, E84A, E84R
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ResFinder Database

938

High prevalence of acquired quinolone-resistance genes among Enterobacteriaceae from Saudi Arabia with CTX-M-15 β-lactamase.

PMID 22633335 · 2012

Under development. Phenotype should be used with caution.

Mutation Information

parC: p.T57S parC: p.T66I parC: p.S80R parC: p.S80I

Protein Change: S80I, E84K
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: ResFinder Database

939

Prevalence of mutations within the quinolone resistance-determining region of gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE and association with antibiotic resistance in quinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica.

PMID 15388468 · 2004

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T57S, T66I, S80R, S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ResFinder Database

940

Topoisomerase IV mutations in quinolone-resistant salmonellae selected in vitro.

PMID 12705680 · 2003

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80R parC: p.S80I

Protein Change: G78D
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ResFinder Database

941

Brushstrokes and scalpels.

PMID 1538847 · 1992

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80R, S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ResFinder Database

942

Research makes medical devices easier to use.

PMID 2722166 · 1989

Mutation Information

parC: p.E84K parC: p.E84G

Protein Change: E84K, E84G
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ResFinder Database

943

Molecular characterization of a clinical Haemophilus parainfluenzae isolate with cefotaxime resistance and decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.

PMID 27497656 · 2016

Haemophilus parainfluenzae parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003925

Mutation Information

parC: p.S84F

Protein Change: S84F
Organisms: Haemophilus parainfluenzae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

944

In vitro development of resistance to six and four fluoroquinolones in Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma hominis, respectively.

PMID 15728924 · 2005

Mycoplasma genitalium parC mutations confers resistance to Moxifloxacin; CARD accession: CARD:3004630

Mutation Information

parC: p.D87G parC: p.G81C parC: p.S83I parC: p.D87N

Protein Change: D87G, G81C, S83I, D87N
Organisms: Mycoplasmoides genitalium
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

945

Comparison of full gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE gene sequences between all Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum serovars to separate true fluoroquinolone antibiotic resistance mutations from non-resistance polymorphism.

PMID 19567408 · 2009

Mycoplasma genitalium parC mutations confers resistance to Moxifloxacin; CARD accession: CARD:3004630

Mutation Information

parC: p.D82N

Protein Change: D82N
Organisms: Mycoplasmoides genitalium
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

946

Emergence of clinical strains of Mycoplasma genitalium harbouring alterations in ParC associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

PMID 20580532 · 2010

Mycoplasma genitalium parC mutations confers resistance to Moxifloxacin; CARD accession: CARD:3004630

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83R parC: p.D87H parC: p.D87Y

Protein Change: S83R, D87H, D87Y
Organisms: Mycoplasmoides genitalium
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

947

Emergence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Clone with Reduced Susceptibility to Sitafloxacin in China: An In Vitro and Genomic Study.

PMID 38786196 · 2024

Neisseria gonorrhoeae parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003929

Mutation Information

parC: p.S87N

Protein Change: S87N
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

948

gyrA and parC mutations in quinolone-resistant clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Nini Hospital in north Lebanon.

PMID 22821356 · 2013

Pseudomonas aeruginosa gyrA and parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003702

Mutation Information

parC: p.E84G parC: p.S80Y parC: p.S80F

Protein Change: S80L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

949

Topoisomerase mutations that are associated with high-level resistance to earlier fluoroquinolones in Staphylococcus aureus have less effect on the antibacterial activity of besifloxacin.

PMID 21996946 · 2011

Staphylococcus aureus parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003312

Mutation Information

Protein Change: E84G, S80Y, S80F
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

950

Analysis of mutations in DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum serovars resistant to fluoroquinolones.

PMID 27884651 · 2017

Ureaplasma urealyticum parC conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003309

Mutation Information

parC: p.E87Q

Protein Change: E87Q
Organisms: Ureaplasma parvum
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

951

[Investigation of fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms in clinical Acinetobacter baumannii isolates].

PMID 27175500 · 2016

parC

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I parC: p.S80R parC: p.E84G parC: p.E84K / c.GAA -> AAG

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

952

Pelvic exenteration for the treatment of vulvar cancer.

PMID 1451064 · 1992

parC

Mutation Information

parC: p.S57T

Protein Change: S57T
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

953

Mutation rate and evolution of fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from patients with urinary tract infections.

PMID 14506034 · 2003

parC

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I, S80R, E84G, E84K
Nucleotide Change: GAA -> AAG
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolonesnorfloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reference Gene CatalogReslit

954

Patient and technique survival among an urban population of peritoneal dialysis patients: an 8-year experience.

PMID 2063861 · 1991

parC

Mutation Information

parC: p.E84A

Protein Change: E84A
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

955

Molecular epidemiology and mutations at gyrA and parC genes of ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from a Taiwan medical center.

PMID 11310803 · 2001

parC

Mutation Information

parC: p.E84G parC: p.E84K

Protein Change: E84G, E84K
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

956

Detection of mutations in parC in quinolone-resistant clinical isolates of Escherichia coli.

PMID 8834907 · 1996

parC

Mutation Information

parC: p.G82C parC: p.G82D parC: p.S84R

Protein Change: E84V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

957

Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates obtained from healthy children in Spain.

PMID 12523629 · 2002

parC

Mutation Information

parC: p.A108T

Protein Change: A108T
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

958

Genetic characterization of highly fluoroquinolone-resistant clinical Escherichia coli strains from China: role of acrR mutations.

PMID 11302820 · 2001

parC

Mutation Information

parC: p.A108V

Protein Change: A108V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

959

A molecular analysis of quinolone-resistant Haemophilus influenzae: validation of the mutations in Quinolone Resistance-Determining Regions.

PMID 24480551 · 2014

parC

Mutation Information

Protein Change: G82C, G82D, S84R
Organisms: Haemophilus influenzae
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

960

Multiple interspecies recombination events documented by whole-genome sequencing in multidrug-resistant Haemophilus influenzae clinical isolates.

PMID 38482359 · 2024

parC

Mutation Information

parC: p.D86G parC: p.S87C parC: p.E91A parC: p.E91Q

Protein Change: S84I
Organisms: Haemophilus influenzae
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

961

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae strains possess mutations in analogous positions of GyrA and ParC.

PMID 8807076 · 1996

parC

Mutation Information

parC: p.E88K

Protein Change: E88K
Organisms: Haemophilus influenzae
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

962

Whole-Genome Sequencing to Predict Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID 36735316 · 2023

parC

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D86G, S87C, E91A, E91Q
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

963

Neisseria gonorrhoeae acquires mutations in analogous regions of gyrA and parC in fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates.

PMID 7830580 · 1994

parC

Mutation Information

parC: p.D86N parC: p.S87I parC: p.S87N parC: p.S87R parC: p.S88P parC: p.E91K

Protein Change: D86N, S87I, S87N, S87R, S88P, E91K
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

964

Mutations in gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE in quinolone-resistant strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID 12529019 · 2002

parC

Mutation Information

parC: p.E91G

Protein Change: E91G
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

965

Presence of macrophages at the bone-cement interface of stable hip arthroplasty components.

PMID 3673532 · 1987

parC

Mutation Information

parC: p.E91G

Protein Change: E91G
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

966

Emergence of Resistance to Novel β-Lactam-β-Lactamase Inhibitor Combinations Due to Horizontally Acquired AmpC (FOX-4) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Sequence Type 308.

PMID 31685471 · 2019

parC

Mutation Information

parC: p.T66I parC: p.G78D parC: p.S80I parC: p.S80R parC: p.E84G parC: p.E84K

Protein Change: S87L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

967

Mechanisms of quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella: recent developments.

PMID 15848289 · 2005

parC

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T66I, G78D, S80I, S80R, E84G, E84K
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

968

Prevalence, virulence, antimicrobial resistance, and molecular characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from different types of food samples in China.

PMID 31794931 · 2020

parC

Mutation Information

parC: p.K441I / c.A1322T parC: p.P439T / c.C1315A

Protein Change: S85L
Organisms: Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase IV subunit A ParC
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

969

BWC0977, a broad-spectrum antibacterial clinical candidate to treat multidrug resistant infections.

PMID 39294149 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: K441I, P439T
Nucleotide Change: A1322T, C1315A
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing of resistant colonies
Source Database: Reslit

970

Rapid screening of fluoroquinolone resistance determinants in Streptococcus pneumoniae by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and single-strand conformational polymorphism.

PMID 16517885 · 2006

Mutation Information

parC: c.A139T parC: c.G83A parC: c.G98T parC: c.TCT->TTC

Nucleotide Change: A139T, G83A, G98T, TCT->TTC
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR-RF-SSCP and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

971

Phylogenomics and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A, B and C in England, 2016-2019.

PMID 34370659 · 2021

Mutation in parC contributes to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: c.A170G

Nucleotide Change: A170G
Organisms: Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Paratyphi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

972

Antimicrobial resistance and genomic characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg isolates in production animals from the United States.

PMID 36406424 · 2022

Mutation Information

parC: p.T57S / c.A170T parC: p.S80I / c.TCT->ATT

Protein Change: T57S, S80I
Nucleotide Change: A170T, TCT->ATT
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acidciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

973

Genomic characterization of multidrug-resistant Salmonella serovar Kentucky ST198 isolated in poultry flocks in Spain (2011-2017).

PMID 35259085 · 2022

Mutations in parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.T57S / c.A171T parC: p.S80I / c.TCT->ATT

Protein Change: T57S, S80I
Nucleotide Change: A171T, TCT->ATT
Organisms: Salmonella Kentucky
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

974

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhi, United States, 1999-2008.

PMID 21749779 · 2011

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I / c.A238G

Protein Change: S80I
Nucleotide Change: A238G
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

975

Mechanisms accounting for fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli clinical isolates.

PMID 18838592 · 2009

Mutation Information

parC: c.A240G parC: c.G1373A parC: c.G252A parC: c.T1392A

Nucleotide Change: A240G, G1373A, G252A, T1392A
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

976

Mycoplasma genitalium Antimicrobial Resistance in Community and Sexual Health Clinic Patients, Auckland, New Zealand.

PMID 31961302 · 2020

Mutations in codon 83 of parC are associated with resistance; therefore, the mutation at T249A was presumed to confer fluoroquinolone resistance. The importance of polymorphisms in parC at C184T and C356T is uncertain.

Mutation Information

parC: c.A247C parC: c.C184T parC: c.C356T parC: c.G241T parC: c.G248T parC: c.G259A parC: c.G259T parC: c.T249A

Nucleotide Change: A247C, C184T, C356T, G241T, G248T, G259A, G259T, T249A
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

977

Unraveling the adaptive strategies of Mycoplasma hominis through proteogenomic profiling of clinical isolates.

PMID 38756231 · 2024

Mutations in ParC are associated with reduced susceptibility to ofloxacin in clinical isolates.

Mutation Information

parC: p.N828D / c.A2483G parC: p.N542S / c.AAG->TCA parC: p.M623I / c.G1870A parC: p.E862Q / c.G2585C

Protein Change: N828D, N542S, M623I, E862Q
Nucleotide Change: A2483G, AAG->TCA, G1870A, G2585C
Organisms: Mycoplasma hominis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: amino acid substitution analysis
Source Database: Reslit

978

Novel Multiplex PCR Method and Genome Sequence-Based Analog for High-Resolution Subclonal Assignment and Characterization of Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131 Isolates.

PMID 35604132 · 2022

The parC E84V mutation was identified in ST131 isolates and is associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.E84V / c.A251T

Protein Change: E84V
Nucleotide Change: A251T
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: WGS analysis
Source Database: Reslit

979

Correlation between antibiotic resistance and phylogenetic types among multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infections.

PMID 33995952 · 2021

Mutation Information

parC: p.E84V / c.A252T parC: p.D87N / c.G260A parC: p.S80I / c.TCA->ATA

Protein Change: E84V, D87N, S80I
Nucleotide Change: A252T, G260A, TCA->ATA
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

980

Population snapshot of the extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli invasive strains isolated from a Hungarian hospital.

PMID 35144632 · 2022

Mutation Information

parC: p.E84V / c.A252T parC: p.S80I / c.TCC->ATC

Protein Change: E84V, S80I
Nucleotide Change: A252T, TCC->ATC
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

981

Nalidixic acid-a good marker of fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms in Escherichia coli.

PMID 40401973 · 2025

Mutation Information

parC: p.E84V / c.A252T parC: p.I259L / c.A776C parC: p.L416F / c.C1247T parC: p.S80I / c.TCA->ATA

Protein Change: E84V, I259L, L416F, S80I
Nucleotide Change: A252T, A776C, C1247T, TCA->ATA
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

982

Pefloxacin as a surrogate marker for quinolone susceptibility in Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi & Paratyphi A in India.

PMID 28948961 · 2017

Mutation Information

parC: p.D87G / c.A262G

Protein Change: D87G
Nucleotide Change: A262G
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of topoisomerase genes
Source Database: Reslit

983

Empirical use of ciprofloxacin for acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis caused by Escherichia coli in communities where the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance is high.

PMID 22391544 · 2012

Mutation Information

parC: p.D87G / c.A262G

Protein Change: D87G
Nucleotide Change: A262G
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR amplification of QRDRs
Source Database: Reslit

984

Nonoptimal DNA topoisomerases allow maintenance of supercoiling levels and improve fitness of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 21173181 · 2011

The wild-type parC gene does not confer resistance on its own, but mutations in it contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.N91D / c.A273G parC: p.I201V / c.A603G parC: p.A190T / c.G570A parC: p.S52G / c.TCA->GGA parC: p.S79F / c.TCA->TTC

Protein Change: N91D, I201V, A190T, S52G, S79F
Nucleotide Change: A273G, A603G, G570A, TCA->GGA, TCA->TTC
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: enzymatic assays and supercoiling level analysis
Source Database: Reslit

985

Fluoroquinolone and other antimicrobial resistance in invasive pneumococci, Hong Kong, 1995-2001.

PMID 15324545 · 2004

Mutations in parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.K137N / c.A413T parC: p.S79F / c.TCT->TTC

Protein Change: K137N, S79F
Nucleotide Change: A413T, TCT->TTC
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

986

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus T144: A Hypervirulent Model Strain for Infection Models.

PMID 40149081 · 2025

Point mutation in the transmembrane region of alpha-hemolysin

Mutation Information

parC: p.Q203L / c.A608T

Protein Change: Q203L
Nucleotide Change: A608T
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

987

Quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli from Accra, Ghana.

PMID 21352598 · 2011

Mutation Information

parC: p.N105S / c.AAC -> TCC parC: p.T66I / c.C199T parC: p.A108V / c.C325T parC: p.E84K / c.G252A parC: p.D87N / c.G261A parC: p.S80I / c.TCA -> ATA

Protein Change: N105S, T66I, A108V, E84K, D87N, S80I
Nucleotide Change: AAC -> TCC, C199T, C325T, G252A, G261A, TCA -> ATA
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

988

Molecular characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in invasive clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae susceptible to delafloxacin.

PMID 40836876 · 2025

Mutations in parC are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79Y / c.AGC->TAT parC: p.S79F / c.AGC->TTC parC: p.D83N / c.G249A

Protein Change: S79Y, S79F, D83N
Nucleotide Change: AGC->TAT, AGC->TTC, G249A
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

989

Epidemic and molecular characterization of fluoroquinolone-resistant Shigella dysenteriae 1 isolates from calves with diarrhea.

PMID 33407134 · 2021

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83L / c.AGT -> TTG parC: p.S80I / c.TCT -> ATT

Protein Change: S83L, S80I
Nucleotide Change: AGT -> TTG, TCT -> ATT
Organisms: Shigella dysenteriae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

990

The effects of different enrofloxacin dosages on clinical efficacy and resistance development in chickens experimentally infected with Salmonella Typhimurium.

PMID 28916830 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Nucleotide Change: AGT->ATA
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Salmonella Typhimurium
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

991

The level of antimicrobial resistance of sewage isolates is higher than that of river isolates in different Escherichia coli lineages.

PMID 33087784 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Nucleotide Change: AGT->ATA
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis and phenotypic testing
Source Database: Reslit

992

Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Enteric Bacteria in Sub-Saharan Africa: Clones, Implications and Research Needs.

PMID 27148238 · 2016

Mutations in QRDR of gyrA and parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Nucleotide Change: AGT->ATA
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

993

Bird-livestock interactions associated with increased cattle fecal shedding of ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli within feedlots in the United States.

PMID 32576851 · 2020

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I / c.AGT->ATC

Protein Change: S80I
Nucleotide Change: AGT->ATA
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

994

Antimicrobial susceptibilities and plasmid contents of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from commercial sex workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh: emergence of high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin.

PMID 10074537 · 1999

Mutations in parC were associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Nucleotide Change: AGT->ATC
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

995

High-throughput automated microfluidic sample preparation for accurate microbial genomics.

PMID 28128213 · 2017

Mutation Information

parC: p.S87L / c.AGT->CTT

Protein Change: S87L
Nucleotide Change: AGT->CTT
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: WGS and phenotypic susceptibility assays
Source Database: Reslit

996

Changes in emm types and superantigen gene content of Streptococcus pyogenes causing invasive infections in Portugal.

PMID 31792274 · 2019

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79Y / c.AGT->TAT

Protein Change: S79Y
Nucleotide Change: AGT->TAT
Organisms: Streptococcus pyogenes
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

997

Molecular detection of Mycoplasma genitalium in endocervical swabs and associated rates of macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance in Hong Kong.

PMID 32908008 · 2020

Mutation Information

parC: p.P62S / c.C184T parC: p.S83I / c.G248T parC: p.D87N / c.G259A parC: p.D87Y / c.G259T

Protein Change: P62S, S83I, D87N, D87Y
Nucleotide Change: C184T, G248T, G259A, G259T
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

998

Clinical Performance of Three Commercial Molecular Diagnostic Assays for the Detection of Fluoroquinolone Resistance-Associated Mutations in Mycoplasma genitalium.

PMID 36321820 · 2022

Mutations in the parC gene were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: c.C234T parC: p.G81C / c.G241T parC: p.S83I / c.G248T parC: p.D87N / c.G259A parC: p.D87Y / c.G259T

Protein Change: G81C, S83I, D87N, D87Y
Nucleotide Change: C234T, G241T, G248T, G259A, G259T
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

999

In vitro activity of DC-159a, a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone, compared with that of other agents against drug-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci.

PMID 17938189 · 2008

Mutation detected in quinolone-resistant strains

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79F / c.C237T

Protein Change: S79F
Nucleotide Change: C237T
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1000

Pathogenomic analyses of Shigella isolates inform factors limiting shigellosis prevention and control across LMICs.

PMID 35102306 · 2022

Mutation Information

parC: c.C239T

Nucleotide Change: C239T
Organisms: Shigella
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genotypic prediction
Source Database: Reslit

1001

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Acinetobacter clinical isolates obtained from inmates of California correctional facilities.

PMID 21450955 · 2011

Mutations in parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: c.C240T parC: c.TCG -> TTC

Nucleotide Change: C240T, TCG -> TTC
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|gatifloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1002

Identification of KPC-112 from an ST15 Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain Conferring Resistance to Ceftazidime-Avibactam.

PMID 36374086 · 2022

Mutation Information

parC: c.C241A

Nucleotide Change: C241A
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1003

Antibacterial Resistance in Ureaplasma Species and Mycoplasma hominis Isolates from Urine Cultures in College-Aged Females.

PMID 28827422 · 2017

The S83W mutation in parC was identified in a levofloxacin-resistant Ureaplasma sp. isolate.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83W / c.C248G

Protein Change: S83W
Nucleotide Change: C248G
Organisms: Ureaplasma sp.
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1004

Phenotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Genotypic Characterization of Clinical Ureaplasma Isolates Circulating in Shanghai, China.

PMID 34690966 · 2021

Found in 22 FQ-resistant UPA isolates and 3 FQ-resistant UUR isolates.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83L / c.C248T

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: C248T
Organisms: Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR/DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1005

Pseudomonas aeruginosa chronic infections in patients with bronchiectasis: a silent reservoir of carbapenemase-producing epidemic high-risk clones.

PMID 40201539 · 2025

associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones

Mutation Information

parC: p.S87L / c.C262T

Protein Change: S87L
Nucleotide Change: C262T
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1006

Adaptation of mycoplasmas to antimicrobial agents: Acholeplasma laidlawii extracellular vesicles mediate the export of ciprofloxacin and a mutant gene related to the antibiotic target.

PMID 24605048 · 2014

Mutation in parC gene associated with ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

parC: c.C272T

Nucleotide Change: C272T
Organisms: Acholeplasma laidlawii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of parC QRDR
Source Database: Reslit

1007

Resistance development in Escherichia coli to delafloxacin at pHs 6.0 and 7.3 compared to ciprofloxacin.

PMID 37882542 · 2023

Mutations at the A117 site were common in both DLX- and CIP-challenged strains.

Mutation Information

parC: p.A117V / c.C350T

Protein Change: A117V
Nucleotide Change: C350T
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: delafloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: complementation assay
Source Database: Reslit

1008

Surface water as a source of rare Salmonella enterica serovars in semiarid northeastern Brazil.

PMID 41117008 · 2025

Mutation in parC gene leads to quinolone resistance

Mutation Information

parC: p.T57S / c.CCT->AGT

Protein Change: T57S
Nucleotide Change: CCT->AGT
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1009

Genomic epidemiology and temperature dependency of hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae in Japan.

PMID 35622495 · 2022

Mutation associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in isolates MS5538 and MS5544.

Mutation Information

parC: c.CGT->ATA

Nucleotide Change: CGT->ATA
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1010

Persistence and complex evolution of fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae clone.

PMID 24751142 · 2014

Mutation Information

parC: p.E474K / c.G1420A parC: p.A326V / c.G976T parC: p.S79Y / c.T236A

Protein Change: E474K, A326V, S79Y
Nucleotide Change: G1420A, G976T, T236A
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1011

Post-pandemic upsurge in Group A Streptococcus infections at an Italian tertiary university hospital.

PMID 40135916 · 2025

Isolate #30

Mutation Information

parC: p.A542T / c.G1625A

Protein Change: A542T
Nucleotide Change: G1625A
Organisms: Streptococcus pyogenes
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: targeted analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1012

In Vitro Activity and Microbiological Efficacy of Gepotidacin from a Phase 2, Randomized, Multicenter, Dose-Ranging Study in Patients with Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections.

PMID 31818823 · 2020

Mutation Information

parC: p.V67A / c.G201A parC: p.S80Y / c.T240A

Protein Change: V67A, S80Y
Nucleotide Change: G201A, T240A
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1013

Evolutionary Instability of Collateral Susceptibility Networks in Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Clinical Escherichia coli Strains.

PMID 35862779 · 2022

Mutation Information

parC: p.G78D / c.G234A

Protein Change: G78D
Nucleotide Change: G234A
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1014

Fitness of Streptococcus pneumoniae fluoroquinolone-resistant strains with topoisomerase IV recombinant genes.

PMID 18160515 · 2008

Mutations in parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79Y / c.G235C parC: p.S79F / c.G235T parC: p.D83N / c.G247A parC: p.D83Y / c.G247T

Protein Change: S79Y, S79F, D83N, D83Y
Nucleotide Change: G235C, G235T, G247A, G247T
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: transformation and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1015

Pandemic fluoroquinolone resistant Escherichia coli clone ST1193 emerged via simultaneous homologous recombinations in 11 gene loci.

PMID 31262826 · 2019

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I / c.G239T

Protein Change: S80I
Nucleotide Change: G239T
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1016

Occurrence of a New Variant of Salmonella Infantis Lacking Somatic Antigen.

PMID 37764118 · 2023

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I / c.G239T

Protein Change: S80I
Nucleotide Change: G239T
Organisms: Salmonella Infantis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1017

Treatment Response in Enteric Fever in an Era of Increasing Antimicrobial Resistance: An Individual Patient Data Analysis of 2092 Participants Enrolled into 4 Randomized, Controlled Trials in Nepal.

PMID 28329181 · 2017

Mutation in DNA topoisomerase IV gene associated with increased MICs against fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Nucleotide Change: G240T
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1018

Genomic Characterization of Prevalent mcr-1, mcr-4, and mcr-5 Escherichia coli Within Swine Enteric Colibacillosis in Spain.

PMID 31736909 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Nucleotide Change: G240T
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and in silico analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1019

Prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella serotypes in Iran: a meta-analysis.

PMID 32013798 · 2020

Mutations in parC were detected in nalidixic acid-resistant isolates.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I / c.G240T parC: c.GAT->ATT

Protein Change: S80I
Nucleotide Change: G240T
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: molecular detection
Source Database: Reslit

1020

Nanopore-only assemblies for genomic surveillance of the global priority drug-resistant pathogen, Klebsiella pneumoniae.

PMID 36752781 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Nucleotide Change: G240T, GAT->ATT
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genotyping; genotyping of reference assemblies
Source Database: Reslit

1021

Implementation of Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) for Identification and Characterization of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in the United States.

PMID 27242777 · 2016

Mutations in parC in combination with mutations in gyrA confer resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Nucleotide Change: G240T
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genetic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1022

Transferable Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Plasmids in Enterobacteriaceae from Irrigation Water.

PMID 32629840 · 2020

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83N / c.G248A parC: p.S83I / c.G248T parC: p.D87N / c.G259A parC: p.S83R / c.T249A

Protein Change: S80I
Nucleotide Change: G240T
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Citrobacter freundii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1023

Molecular screening for Neisseria gonorrhoeae antimicrobial resistance markers in Nigerian men who have sex with men and transgender women.

PMID 29969978 · 2018

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I / c.G241T

Protein Change: S80I
Nucleotide Change: G241T
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: real-time PCR
Source Database: Reslit

1024

Effectiveness of sitafloxacin monotherapy for quinolone-resistant rectal and urogenital Mycoplasma genitalium infections: a prospective cohort study.

PMID 37376970 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83N, S83I, D87N, S83R
Nucleotide Change: G248A, G248T, G259A, T249A
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1025

parC Variants in Mycoplasma genitalium: Trends over Time and Association with Moxifloxacin Failure.

PMID 35475636 · 2022

The mutation G248T in parC leads to the amino acid change S83I, which is associated with moxifloxacin failure.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83I / c.G248T

Protein Change: S83I
Nucleotide Change: G248T
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: clinical data and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1026

Efficacy of Sitafloxacin for Mycoplasma genitalium in an Era of Increasing Antimicrobial Resistance.

PMID 38094665 · 2023

The study suggests that parC mutations, particularly G248T leading to S83I, are associated with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S83I / c.G248T

Protein Change: S83I
Nucleotide Change: G248T
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: clinical observation
Source Database: Reslit

1027

Emerging carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 16 causing multiple outbreaks in a tertiary hospital in southern Vietnam.

PMID 33565955 · 2021

Mutation in parC contributes to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.E84K / c.G251A

Protein Change: E84K
Nucleotide Change: G251A
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1028

Impact of extensive antibiotic treatment on faecal carriage of antibiotic-resistant enterobacteria in children in a low resistance prevalence setting.

PMID 29112974 · 2017

Mutation Information

parC: c.G251T parC: c.G84T parC: c.T239A parC: c.T80A

Nucleotide Change: G251T, G84T, T239A, T80A
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and phenotypic testing; genomic sequencing and phenotypic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1029

Antibiotic Resistance Trends in Enteropathogenic Bacteria Isolated in 1985-1987 and 1995-1998 in Barcelona.

PMID 10770742 · 2000

Mutations in parC were associated with quinolone resistance in Campylobacter jejuni.

Mutation Information

parC: p.E84V / c.G253T

Protein Change: E84V
Nucleotide Change: G253T
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: disk diffusion and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1030

Bacterial resistance studies using in vitro dynamic models: the predictive power of the mutant prevention and minimum inhibitory antibiotic concentrations.

PMID 23896481 · 2013

Single nucleotide substitution in the quinolone-resistance determining region (QRDR) of parC

Mutation Information

parC: p.D87Y / c.G260T

Protein Change: D87Y
Nucleotide Change: G260T
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1031

A Comprehensive Account of Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131 in Wastewater Reveals an Abundance of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Clade A Strains.

PMID 31811043 · 2020

Mutations in parC were identified in clade A strains, contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.D87G / c.G261A

Protein Change: D87G
Nucleotide Change: G261A
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1032

Molecular Characterization of Markers Associated With Antimicrobial Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae Identified From Residual Clinical Samples.

PMID 29465687 · 2018

Mutation Information

parC: c.G273A

Nucleotide Change: G273A
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: real-time PCR detection of QRDR mutations
Source Database: Reslit

1033

Virulence, antimicrobial resistance and phylogenetic analysis of zoonotic walking pneumonia Mycoplasma arginini in the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius).

PMID 32330451 · 2020

The study found that the quinolone resistance genes parC and gyrA were not detected by PCR in the 48 M. arginini isolates.

Mutation Information

parC: c.G295A

Nucleotide Change: G295A
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1034

Mechanisms of quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from companion animals, pet-owners, and non-pet-owners.

PMID 28385014 · 2017

Mutation Information

parC: p.E84G / c.GAA->GGG

Protein Change: E84G
Nucleotide Change: GAA->GGG
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1035

A novel method of consensus pan-chromosome assembly and large-scale comparative analysis reveal the highly flexible pan-genome of Acinetobacter baumannii.

PMID 26195261 · 2015

Mutation in parC confers resistance to levofloxacin

Mutation Information

parC: p.E88K / c.GAG->AAA

Protein Change: E88K
Nucleotide Change: GAG->AAA
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: experimental
Source Database: Reslit

1036

Distinguishing importation from diversification of quinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae by molecular evolutionary analysis.

PMID 17543117 · 2007

Mutations in gyrA and parC were identified as determinants of quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.D86N / c.GAT->AAT

Protein Change: D86N
Nucleotide Change: GAT->AAT
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of fragments of multiple housekeeping genes
Source Database: Reslit

1037

Interplay Between the Phenotype and Genotype, and Efflux Pumps in Drug-Resistant Strains of Riemerella anatipestifer.

PMID 30327640 · 2018

Mutation in parC was associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.G313S / c.GGT->TCT

Protein Change: G313S
Nucleotide Change: GGT->TCT
Organisms: Riemerella anatipestifer
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1038

Clinical characteristics and molecular epidemiology of invasive Streptococcus agalactiae infections between 2007 and 2016 in Nara, Japan.

PMID 33075112 · 2020

double mutations in gyrA and parC

Mutation Information

parC: c.T236C

Nucleotide Change: T236C
Organisms: Streptococcus agalactiae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1039

Reactive Oxygen Species Contribute to the Bactericidal Effects of the Fluoroquinolone Moxifloxacin in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 26525786 · 2016

Mutation in parC (S79F) was identified in strain T1, which shows increased resistance to moxifloxacin.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S79F / c.T236C

Protein Change: S79F
Nucleotide Change: T236C
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: analysis of mutant strains
Source Database: Reslit

1040

Outbreak of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Shigella sonnei Associated with Travel to Vietnam, Republic of Korea.

PMID 26079171 · 2015

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I / c.T238A

Protein Change: S80I
Nucleotide Change: T238A
Organisms: Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1041

Variant O89 O-Antigen of E. coli Is Associated With Group 1 Capsule Loci and Multidrug Resistance.

PMID 30233517 · 2018

Mutation in parC contributes to quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I / c.T238A

Protein Change: S80I
Nucleotide Change: T238A
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|enrofloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: In silico analysis and previous reports
Source Database: Reslit

1042

Quinolones induce partial or total loss of pathogenicity islands in uropathogenic Escherichia coli by SOS-dependent or -independent pathways, respectively.

PMID 16436722 · 2006

Mutation in parC gene was observed in nonhemolytic isolates with increased ciprofloxacin MIC.

Mutation Information

parC: c.T238C

Nucleotide Change: T238C
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1043

In vitro evaluation of CBR-2092, a novel rifamycin-quinolone hybrid antibiotic: microbiology profiling studies with staphylococci and streptococci.

PMID 18443106 · 2008

Mutation in parC gene leads to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80F / c.T238C

Protein Change: S80F
Nucleotide Change: T238C
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genetic analysis of mutant strains
Source Database: Reslit

1044

Comparative genomic analysis of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates reveals extensive genomic variation and diverse antibiotic resistance determinants.

PMID 25534766 · 2014

Mutation Information

parC: c.T239A

Nucleotide Change: T239A
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: presence in MDR strains
Source Database: Reslit

1045

A high-resolution genomic analysis of multidrug-resistant hospital outbreaks of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

PMID 25712531 · 2015

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I / c.T239A

Protein Change: S80I
Nucleotide Change: T239A
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: detection in outbreak lineage 1 isolates
Source Database: Reslit

1046

Whole-genome sequencing of Shigella for surveillance purposes shows (inter)national relatedness and multidrug resistance in isolates from men who have sex with men.

PMID 37022322 · 2023

Mutation Information

parC: c.T239A

Nucleotide Change: T239A
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1047

Genetic characterization of ESBL-producing and ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli from Belgian broilers and pigs.

PMID 37089550 · 2023

Mutations in QRDR of gyrA and parC were found in all ciproR-E. coli.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I / c.T239A

Protein Change: S80I
Nucleotide Change: T239A
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|enrofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1048

Diversity of Sequence Types and Impact of Fitness Cost among Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from Tripoli, Libya.

PMID 34097495 · 2021

Mutation Information

parC: c.T239C parC: c.T239G

Nucleotide Change: T239C, T239G
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1049

Emergence of Resistance to Quinolones and β-Lactam Antibiotics in Enteroaggregative and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Causing Traveler's Diarrhea.

PMID 30478165 · 2019

Mutation Information

parC: c.T239C

Nucleotide Change: T239C
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1050

Multi-drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin in Kenya.

PMID 30428828 · 2018

Mutation in parC was associated with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

parC: c.T239C

Nucleotide Change: T239C
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC test
Source Database: Reslit

1051

Genotypic antimicrobial resistance assays for use on E. coli isolates and stool specimens.

PMID 31075137 · 2019

Mutation Information

parC: c.T240A

Nucleotide Change: T240A
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and phenotypic AST
Source Database: Reslit

1052

Phenotypic and genomic analysis of the hypervirulent ST22 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in China.

PMID 37184650 · 2023

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80F / c.T240C

Protein Change: S80F
Nucleotide Change: T240C
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1053

Emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Lebanon: a report of three cases.

PMID 20869671 · 2010

Mutations in parC and gyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in S. pneumoniae.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S81L / c.T242C

Protein Change: S81L
Nucleotide Change: T242C
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1054

Vibrio cholerae O47 associated with a cholera-like diarrheal outbreak concurrent with seasonal cholera in Bangladesh.

PMID 40172221 · 2025

Mutation Information

parC: c.T255C

Nucleotide Change: T255C
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: mutation detection in resistant isolates
Source Database: Reslit

1055

Genetic Diversity, Distribution, and Genomic Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence of Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains in Kenya.

PMID 35369511 · 2022

Mutations in parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S87L / c.T261C

Protein Change: S87L
Nucleotide Change: T261C
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1056

Current Susceptibility Surveillance and Distribution of Antimicrobial Resistance in N. gonorrheae within WHO Regions.

PMID 36364980 · 2022

parC mutations are associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

parC: p.S88P / c.T263C

Protein Change: S88P
Nucleotide Change: T263C
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: molecular epidemiological characterization and whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1057

Characterization of NDM-5 Carbapenemase-Encoding Gene (bla (NDM-5)) - Positive Multidrug Resistant Commensal Escherichia coli from Diarrheal Patients.

PMID 35837541 · 2022

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I / c.TCA -> ATA

Protein Change: S80I
Nucleotide Change: TCA -> ATA
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1058

Chronological study of antibiotic resistances and their relevant genes in Korean avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolates.

PMID 17687022 · 2007

Mutation Information

parC: p.S80I / c.TCA -> ATT

Protein Change: S80I
Nucleotide Change: TCA -> ATT
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1059

Whole-genome sequencing of Klebsiella pneumoniae MDR circulating in a pediatric hospital setting: a comprehensive genome analysis of isolates from Guayaquil, Ecuador.

PMID 39367302 · 2024

Mutation in parC leads to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

parC: c.TCA->ATA

Nucleotide Change: TCA->ATA
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1060

Pandemic one health clones of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae producing CTX-M-14, CTX-M-27, CTX-M-55 and CTX-M-65 ESβLs among companion animals in northern Ecuador.

PMID 39840255 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Nucleotide Change: TCA->ATA
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|enrofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1061

Genetic and pathogenic difference between Streptococcus agalactiae serotype Ia fish and human isolates.

PMID 27484120 · 2016

Mutations in gyrA and parC were observed in two levofloxacin and moxifloxacin resistant isolates.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Nucleotide Change: TCA->ATA
Organisms: Streptococcus agalactiae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1062

Genomic Insights of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Intensive Pig Farming in South Africa Using 'Farm-to-Fork' Approach.

PMID 40426513 · 2025

Confers resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80I
Nucleotide Change: TCA->ATA
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1063

Induction of resistant mutants of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi under ciprofloxacin selective pressure.

PMID 25027085 · 2014

Single mutation in parC gene at S80

Mutation Information