Browse AMR Genes

gyrB: p.A473V gyrB: p.A436T gyrB: p.E468D

Protein Change: S464F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: nucleotide sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Selection of cross-resistance following exposure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates to ciprofloxacin or cefepime.

PMID 15917569 · 2005

gyrB

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A473V, A436T, E468D
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|garenoxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) subunit B GyrB
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: ReslitReference Gene Catalog

Horizontal transfer of fluoroquinolone resistance genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae

PMID 16189113 · 2003

Mutation in gyrB is associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.R379L

Protein Change: R379L
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

Fluoroquinolone resistance in Clostridium difficile isolates from a prospective study of C. difficile infections in Europe.

PMID 18480338 · 2008

Two new substitutions for C. difficile, Ser416Ala and Arg447Lys, were found in GyrB.

Clostridioides difficile gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3004562

gyrB

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S416A gyrB: p.D426N gyrB: p.D426V gyrB: p.R447K

Protein Change: S416A, D426N, D426V, R447K
Organisms: Clostridium difficile, Clostridium ljungdahlii, Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin|ciprofloxacin|gatifloxacin|levofloxacinmoxifloxacin|ciprofloxacin|levofloxacinfluoroquinolonesquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant; DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) subunit B GyrB
Validation Method: identification of amino acid substitution in gyrB
Source Database: ReslitCard DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

Multiple regulatory pathways associated with high-level ciprofloxacin and multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis: involvement of ramA and other global regulators.

PMID 19104017 · 2009

Novel mutation in 5408-cip.

Salmonella serovars gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003307

gyrB

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D426V gyrB: p.R447K

Protein Change: E466D
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinfluoroquinolonesquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant; DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) subunit B GyrB
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: ReslitCard DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

Molecular analysis of the gyrA and gyrB quinolone resistance-determining regions of fluoroquinolone-resistant Clostridium difficile mutants selected in vitro.

PMID 19364867 · 2009

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D426V, R447K
Organisms: Clostridium difficile
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

A novel mechanism of transposon-mediated gene activation.

PMID 19834539 · 2009

Mutation in gyrB was shown to contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E117G

Protein Change: E117G
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: mutant strain construction and susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

Comparative study of the mutant prevention concentrations of moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, and gemifloxacin against pneumococci.

PMID 20008781 · 2010

mutation in quinolone resistance-determining region associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.N473D

Protein Change: N473D
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin|levofloxacin|gemifloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Sublethal antibiotic treatment leads to multidrug resistance via radical-induced mutagenesis.

PMID 20159551 · 2010

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.Y87F

Protein Change: Y87F
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: norfloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Clostridium difficile Isolates Resistant to Fluoroquinolones in Italy: Emergence of PCR Ribotype 018

PMID 20554809 · 2010

Mutation in gyrB confers resistance to fluoroquinolones

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D426V gyrB: p.S416A

Protein Change: D426N
Organisms: Clostridium difficile
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin|ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|gatifloxacin
Validation Method: LightCycler assay and MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

Structural insights into the quinolone resistance mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA gyrase.

PMID 20805881 · 2010

R482K mutation contributes to intrinsic quinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.R482K

Protein Change: R482K
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: The R482 side chain is located in the minor groove and forms a gate which blocks the quinolone in the pocket
Validation Method: structural modeling and previous studies
Source Database: Reslit

Antimicrobial susceptibilities and molecular epidemiology of clinical isolates of Clostridium difficile in taiwan.

PMID 21263053 · 2011

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D426V, S416A
Organisms: Clostridium difficile
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Extending the Definition of the GyrB Quinolone Resistance-Determining Region in Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA Gyrase for Assessing Fluoroquinolone Resistance in M. tuberculosis.

PMID 22290942 · 2012

All mutations were experimentally validated and shown to confer fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D500A gyrB: p.N538T gyrB: p.T539P gyrB: p.E540V

Protein Change: D500A, N538T, T539P, E540V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: DNA gyrase inhibition assays and MIC measurements
Source Database: Reslit

Characterizations of clinical isolates of clostridium difficile by toxin genotypes and by susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial agents, including fidaxomicin (OPT-80) and rifaximin: a multicenter study in Taiwan.

PMID 22508299 · 2012

Clostridioides difficile gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3004562

gyrB

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S416A gyrB: p.E466K gyrB: p.R377G gyrB: p.R389P gyrB: p.E399K gyrB: p.D409N gyrB: p.V423F gyrB: p.R457T gyrB: p.D465Y

Protein Change: S416A, E466K, R377G, R389P, E399K, D409N, V423F, R457T, D465Y
Organisms: Clostridium ljungdahlii, Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacinfluoroquinolonesquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant; DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) subunit B GyrB
Validation Method: partial sequencing of gyrA and gyrB genes after PCR amplification
Source Database: ReslitCard DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

Differentiation in quinolone resistance by virulence genotype in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 22905192 · 2012

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S466F gyrB: p.S466Y gyrB: p.E468D gyrB: p.E468H

Protein Change: E468D
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Quantitative contributions of target alteration and decreased drug accumulation to Pseudomonas aeruginosa fluoroquinolone resistance.

PMID 23274661 · 2013

gyrB

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S466F, S466Y, E468D, E468H
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) subunit B GyrB
Validation Method: introduction into reference strain PA14 and measurement of MIC
Source Database: ReslitReference Gene Catalog

Alterations of gyrA, gyrB, and parC and Activity of Efflux Pump in Fluoroquinolone-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

PMID 24159468 · 2011

Novel mutation E679D in gyrB was observed in some isolates.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E679D gyrB: p.D644Y gyrB: p.A677V

Protein Change: E679D, D644Y, A677V
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|gemifloxacin|levofloxacin|norfloxacin|gatifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Comparative Genome Analysis and Global Phylogeny of the Toxin Variant Clostridium difficile PCR Ribotype 017 Reveals the Evolution of Two Independent Sublineages.

PMID 28031436 · 2017

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.V426I gyrB: p.V426D

Protein Change: V426I, V426D
Organisms: Clostridium difficile
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: SNP analysis and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

Impact of gyrB and eis Mutations in Improving Detection of Second-Line-Drug Resistance among Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Georgia.

PMID 28630205 · 2017

most common mutation

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D94G

Protein Change: D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: targeted DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Resistance mechanisms and fitness of Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis mutants evolved under selection with ciprofloxacin in vitro.

PMID 28831084 · 2017

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S466F gyrB: p.S466Y gyrB: p.Q467R gyrB: p.E468D

Protein Change: S464F
Organisms: Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

High Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Mycoplasma genitalium in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Men Who Have Sex With Men in Alabama.

PMID 29028993 · 2018

Of unknown clinical significance.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.F475S

Protein Change: F475S
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: nested PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

The Versatile Mutational Resistome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 29681898 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S466F, S466Y, Q467R, E468D
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: experimental data generated in this study
Source Database: Reslit

Mutations in gyrB play an important role in ciprofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 30804676 · 2019

gyrB

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.A372V gyrB: p.A372L gyrB: p.I424L gyrB: p.L464I gyrB: p.E483D

Protein Change: A372V, A372L, I424L, L464I, E483D
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|ofloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) subunit B GyrB
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: ReslitReference Gene Catalog

Susceptibility Trends of Zoliflodacin against Multidrug-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Clinical Isolates in Nanjing, China, 2014 to 2018.

PMID 33318010 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S467N gyrB: p.V470I

Protein Change: S467N, V470I
Confers Resistance To: zoliflodacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Computational modeling and bioinformatic analyses of functional mutations in drug target genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 34025934 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D461N gyrB: p.D461H gyrB: p.D472H gyrB: p.D472A gyrB: p.N499D gyrB: p.N499T gyrB: p.N499Y gyrB: p.N499S gyrB: p.V125M gyrB: p.R212S gyrB: p.R421H gyrB: p.R446C gyrB: p.E501V gyrB: p.T511N gyrB: p.G512R

Protein Change: D461N, D461H, D472H, D472A, N499D, N499T, N499Y, N499S, V125M, R212S, R421H, R446C, E501V, T511N, G512R
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesofloxacin|moxifloxacin|ciprofloxacin|levofloxacinofloxacin|moxifloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: computational analysis; molecular docking and structural analysis; molecular docking and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

Shared and Unique Evolutionary Trajectories to Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens.

PMID 34154405 · 2021

Mutations in gyrB are responsible for ciprofloxacin resistance in E. coli and P. aeruginosa.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S464F gyrB: p.S464Y gyrB: p.S466F

Protein Change: S464F, S464Y, S466F
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: experimental characterization of genotype-to-phenotype associations; clone isolation and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

Using a public database of Neisseria gonorrhoeae genomes to detect mutations associated with zoliflodacin resistance.

PMID 34324655 · 2021

The isolate was susceptible to cefixime and azithromycin but had decreased susceptibility to ceftriaxone.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D429V

Protein Change: D429V
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: zoliflodacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

Prevalence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in a Chinese multidrug-resistant TB cohort after redefinition.

PMID 34446095 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S447F gyrB: p.D461N gyrB: p.D500N gyrB: p.A504T

Protein Change: S447F, D461N, D500N, A504T
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Genomic surveillance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Philippines, 2013-2014.

PMID 34540307 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E468D gyrB: p.S466F

Protein Change: E468D, S466F
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic prediction and phenotypic testing
Source Database: Reslit

Antimicrobial Resistance and Type III Secretion System Virulotypes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Dogs and Cats in Primary Veterinary Hospitals in Japan: Identification of the International High-Risk Clone Sequence Type 235.

PMID 34585944 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S466F

Protein Change: S466F
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Mutational Diversity in the Quinolone Resistance-Determining Regions of Type-II Topoisomerases of Salmonella Serovars.

PMID 34943668 · 2021

Mutations in GyrB are less common but contribute to ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.G435R gyrB: p.S464F gyrB: p.Q465L gyrB: p.E466D gyrB: p.A468E gyrB: p.A574V

Protein Change: G435R, S464F, Q465L, E466D, A468E, A574V
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: literature review
Source Database: Reslit

Correlation between Phenotypic and In Silico Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella enterica in Canada Using Staramr.

PMID 35208747 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D481E gyrB: p.R484K gyrB: p.N573D gyrB: p.N573S gyrB: p.A584V

Protein Change: E466D
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Genotypic detection via Staramr and phenotypic AST
Source Database: Reslit

Role of Efflux in Antibiotic Resistance of Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Achromobacter insuavis Isolates From Patients With Cystic Fibrosis.

PMID 35418957 · 2022

Mutation in gyrB associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.I683V

Protein Change: I683V
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Emergence of multi-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Niger: A snapshot based on whole-genome sequencing.

PMID 35613072 · 2022

Detected in M. tuberculosis Z259 (pre-XDR, sub-lineage 4.1.3 Euro-American) and Z191 (other, sub-lineage 4.6.2.2 Cameroon).

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.V275L

Protein Change: V275L
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: mapping of sequencing reads
Source Database: Reslit

Immunosuppression broadens evolutionary pathways to drug resistance and treatment failure during Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia in mice.

PMID 35618774 · 2022

The gyrB (Q447H) mutation contributes to increased ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.Q447H

Protein Change: Q447H
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and MIC assays
Source Database: Reslit

A Survey of Helicobacter pylori Antibiotic-Resistant Genotypes and Strain Lineages by Whole-Genome Sequencing in China.

PMID 35652644 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D481E, R484K, N573D, N573S, A584V
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic testing
Source Database: Reslit

Repeated Exposure of Escherichia coli to High Ciprofloxacin Concentrations Selects gyrB Mutants That Show Fluoroquinolone-Specific Hyperpersistence.

PMID 35707170 · 2022

The mutation is outside the canonical GyrB QRDR.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.L422P

Protein Change: L422P
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and time-kill assays
Source Database: Reslit

Whole-genome sequencing analyses and antibiotic resistance situation of 48 Helicobacter pylori strains isolated in Zhejiang, China.

PMID 39444024 · 2024

rare point mutation

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E463K

Protein Change: E463K
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and agar dilution
Source Database: Reslit

Genotypic Diversity among Salmonella Typhi Isolated from Children Living in Informal Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya.

PMID 39483419 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S464F
Organisms: Salmonella Typhi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Whole genome sequencing and antibiotic susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

Antibiotic resistant bacteria survive treatment by doubling while shrinking.

PMID 39565111 · 2024

This mutation was found in one of the nine evolutionary experiments.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: E466D
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Whole-genome sequencing and MIC assays
Source Database: Reslit

High susceptibility to the novel antimicrobial zoliflodacin among Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in eight WHO Enhanced Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme countries in three WHO regions, 2021-2024.

PMID 40256400 · 2025

associated with increased zoliflodacin MICs

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D429N

Protein Change: D429N
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: zoliflodacin
Effect on Function: increased zoliflodacin MICs
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Classic and new candidate markers for drug resistance in a large cohort of leprosy patients from the Amazon state, Brazil.

PMID 40391941 · 2025

Not previously reported as a dapsone resistance mutation

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.T514A

Protein Change: T514A
Organisms: Mycobacterium leprae
Confers Resistance To: dapsone
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Resistance Response and Regulatory Mechanisms of Ciprofloxacin-Induced Resistant Salmonella Typhimurium Based on Comprehensive Transcriptomic and Metabolomic Analysis.

PMID 40867962 · 2025

Single-point mutation in GyrB

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E469D

Protein Change: E469D
Organisms: Salmonella Typhimurium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: SNP analysis and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

Genomic insights into antibiotic resistance, virulence traits and phylogenetic lineages of 141 clinical Helicobacter pylori isolates from Eastern China.

PMID 41561082 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.A345T

Protein Change: A345T
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

In vitro development of resistance to five quinolones and amoxicillin-clavulanate in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 10223932 · 1999

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D435G

Protein Change: D435G
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|sparfloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Incidence of quinolone resistance over the period 1986 to 1998 in veterinary Salmonella isolates from Germany.

PMID 10471579 · 1999

Mutations in gyrB were associated with quinolone resistance in Salmonella isolates.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E466Q

Protein Change: E466Q
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|enrofloxacin
Validation Method: agar diffusion test and MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

Activities and postantibiotic effects of gemifloxacin compared to those of 11 other agents against Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis.

PMID 10681330 · 2000

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.Q468R

Protein Change: Q468R
Organisms: Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Sub-inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin prevent quinolone-resistance in a penicillin-resistant isolate of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 11454238 · 2001

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D435E

Protein Change: D435E
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Quinolone-binding pocket of DNA gyrase: role of GyrB.

PMID 12019094 · 2002

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.R485C gyrB: p.A543T

Protein Change: D426N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|oxolinic acid
Validation Method: supercoiling and relaxation assays, quinolone binding assays
Source Database: Reslit

Levofloxacin treatment failure in Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia.

PMID 14718097 · 2003

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E472G

Protein Change: E472G
Organisms: Haemophilus influenzae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|ciprofloxacin|moxifloxacin|gatifloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing and susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

Levofloxacin-resistant invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States: evidence for clonal spread and the impact of conjugate pneumococcal vaccine.

PMID 15328116 · 2004

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.G486D

Protein Change: G486D
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Treatment failure in a typhoid patient infected with nalidixic acid resistant S. enterica serovar Typhi with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin: a case report from Cameroon.

PMID 15969764 · 2005

Mutation in gyrB was suggested as a possible cause of reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E468Q

Protein Change: E468Q
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: disc diffusion test and MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

Mutation at the "Exit Gate" of the Salmonella Gyrase A Subunit Suppresses a Defect in the Gyrase B Subunit.

PMID 16166547 · 2005

Mutation in the gyrB gene leads to resistance to nalidixic acid and reduced DNA superhelicity

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S431P

Protein Change: S431P
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: experimental validation via sequencing and phenotypic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

Fluoroquinolone resistance in atypical pneumococci and oral streptococci: evidence of horizontal gene transfer of fluoroquinolone resistance determinants from Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 17548487 · 2007

Mutation in gyrB was associated with levofloxacin resistance in S. oralis and S. mitis.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S494T

Protein Change: S494T
Organisms: Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mitis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR-RF-SSCP and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Sequence analyses of just four genes to detect extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients undergoing treatment.

PMID 19470506 · 2009

Mutation Information

Protein Change: R485C, A543T
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Novel approach for comparing the abilities of quinolones to restrict the emergence of resistant mutants during quinolone exposure.

PMID 19805561 · 2010

Mutations in gyrB were identified as key determinants of quinolone resistance in E. coli.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.K447E gyrB: p.D426N

Protein Change: K447E, D426N
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: mutant selection and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

Comparison of the metabolic activities of four wild-type Clostridium perfringens strains with their gatifloxacin-selected resistant mutants.

PMID 19855959 · 2009

Mutation in DNA gyrase gene

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D87Y

Protein Change: D87Y
Organisms: Clostridium perfringens
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

Repression of invasion genes and decreased invasion in a high-level fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella typhimurium mutant.

PMID 19946377 · 2009

Mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E466K

Protein Change: E466K
Organisms: Salmonella typhimurium
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of PCR products
Source Database: Reslit

Should moxifloxacin be used for the treatment of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis? An answer from a murine model.

PMID 20805388 · 2010

Mutation in gyrB was associated with increased MICs for fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D500N

Protein Change: D500N
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

Impact of the E540V amino acid substitution in GyrB of Mycobacterium tuberculosis on quinolone resistance.

PMID 21646485 · 2011

The E540V mutation in GyrB was identified as a cause of quinolone resistance in M. tuberculosis.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E540V

Protein Change: E540V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin|sparfloxacin|sitafloxacin|nalidixic acid|enoxacin
Validation Method: ATP-dependent DNA supercoiling assay, quinolone-inhibited supercoiling assay, and DNA cleavage assay
Source Database: Reslit

Incidence of moxifloxacin resistance in clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Houston, Texas.

PMID 21653760 · 2011

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.G570R gyrB: p.K679R

Protein Change: G570R, K679R
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of PCR products
Source Database: Reslit

Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhi with nonclassical quinolone resistance phenotype.

PMID 21749778 · 2011

associated with decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin but susceptibility to nalidixic acid

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.Y464L

Protein Change: Y464L
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from food-producing animals.

PMID 21856834 · 2011

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S492N

Protein Change: S492N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

High proportion of fluoroquinolone-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates with novel gyrase polymorphisms and a gyrA region associated with fluoroquinolone susceptibility.

PMID 22189117 · 2012

This mutation was identified in a fluoroquinolone-resistant isolate and is associated with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.N538I

Protein Change: N538I
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing and phenotypic resistance testing
Source Database: Reslit

Development and characterisation of highly antibiotic resistant Bartonella bacilliformis mutants.

PMID 27667026 · 2016

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E475K

Protein Change: E475K
Organisms: Bartonella bacilliformis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Characterization of non-classical quinolone resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi: Report of a novel mutation in gyrB gene and diagnostic challenges.

PMID 27896141 · 2014

novel mutation

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S464F gyrB: p.S464Y gyrB: p.S464T

Protein Change: S464F, S464Y, S464T
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ReslitResFinder Database

Molecular and Proteomic Analysis of Levofloxacin and Metronidazole Resistant Helicobacter pylori.

PMID 28018334 · 2016

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S429T gyrB: p.R484K

Protein Change: S429T, R484K
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Functional Characterization of the DNA Gyrases in Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Mutants of Francisella novicida.

PMID 28167561 · 2017

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D87Y gyrB: p.D487E

Protein Change: D87Y, D487E
Organisms: Francisella novicida
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: expression and purification of recombinant DNA gyrases and assessment of DNA supercoiling activity
Source Database: Reslit

Molecular characteristics of ofloxacin mono-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from new and previously treated tuberculosis patients.

PMID 28317169 · 2018

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.T539A gyrB: p.E540D

Protein Change: T539A, E540D
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR amplification and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Update on Antimicrobial Resistance in Clostridium difficile: Resistance Mechanisms and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing.

PMID 28404671 · 2017

gyrB mutations are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E466Q

Protein Change: E466Q
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: experimental validation
Source Database: Reslit

Mycoplasma genitalium Macrolide and Fluoroquinolone Resistance Detection and Clinical Implications in a Selected Cohort in New Zealand.

PMID 28878004 · 2017

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.R464K gyrB: c.G1398A gyrB: c.T1485C

Protein Change: R464K
Nucleotide Change: G1398A, T1485C
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Emerging Treatment Options for Mycoplasma genitalium Infections

PMID 28979150 · 2023

Mutations in the gyrB gene are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D87E

Protein Change: D87E
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

Regional Variation of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Enterobacterales, Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Salmonella enterica and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Among Febrile Patients in Sub-Saharan Africa.

PMID 33101240 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E468D gyrB: p.H148N

Protein Change: S464Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

Efflux Pump-Driven Antibiotic and Biocide Cross-Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Different Ecological Niches: A Case Study in the Development of Multidrug Resistance in Environmental Hotspots.

PMID 33114277 · 2020

mutations in gyrB contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: E468D, H148N
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance in Surrogates of Francisella tularensis (LVS and Francisella novicida): Effects on Biofilm Formation and Fitness.

PMID 33193267 · 2020

Mutations in gyrB are associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S465Y

Protein Change: S465Y
Organisms: Francisella novicida, Francisella tularensis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Xpert MTB/XDR: a 10-Color Reflex Assay Suitable for Point-of-Care Settings To Detect Isoniazid, Fluoroquinolone, and Second-Line-Injectable-Drug Resistance Directly from Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Positive Sputum.

PMID 33298611 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.T539N

Protein Change: T539N
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: melting temperature analysis
Source Database: Reslit

The Persister Character of Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus Contributes to Faster Evolution to Resistance and Higher Survival in THP-1 Monocytes: A Study With Moxifloxacin.

PMID 33329458 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.L433I gyrB: p.I454V

Protein Change: L433I, I454V
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Clinical outcomes and molecular characterization of drug-resistant tuberculosis in pre- and extensively drug-resistant disease based on line probe assays.

PMID 33592172 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D472H gyrB: p.D472N

Protein Change: N538D
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Line probe assay and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

Molecular characterization of mutations associated with resistance to second line drugs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis patients from Casablanca, Morocco.

PMID 33787739 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D472H, D472N
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: Sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Increasing prevalence of resistance to second-line drugs among multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Kuwait.

PMID 33833390 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.N538D gyrB: p.T539N

Protein Change: N538D, T539N
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR-sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Adjunctive S100A8/A9 Immunomodulation Hinders Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Murine Biofilm Wound Model.

PMID 33912476 · 2021

Low-level resistant strain

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.K23Q

Protein Change: K23Q
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

Prevalence and Characterization of Quinolone-Resistance Determinants in Escherichia coli Isolated from Food-Producing Animals and Animal-Derived Food in the Philippines.

PMID 33918946 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S492N

Protein Change: S492N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Whole genome analysis of extensively drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Peru.

PMID 33947918 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E501D

Protein Change: E501D
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Genetic Determinants of Antibiotic Resistance in Francisella.

PMID 34054749 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E464K gyrB: p.E465K gyrB: p.E466K gyrB: p.E486K gyrB: p.E487K gyrB: p.E747K gyrB: p.A570V gyrB: p.T86M

Protein Change: E464K, E465K, E466K, E486K, E487K, E747K, A570V, T86M
Organisms: Francisella tularensis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

Genomic evolution and virulence association of Clostridioides difficile sequence type 37 (ribotype 017) in China.

PMID 34125660 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.V426D gyrB: p.D465N gyrB: p.R447K

Protein Change: V426D, D465N, R447K
Organisms: Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|ciprofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: correlation with fluoroquinolone resistance
Source Database: Reslit

Molecular Characterization of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Bartonella bacilliformis.

PMID 34358026 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S474F gyrB: p.A91V gyrB: p.G89C

Protein Change: S474F, A91V, G89C
Organisms: Bartonella bacilliformis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Emergence of ST63 Pandrug-Resistant Acinetobacter pittii Isolated From an AECOPD Patient in China.

PMID 34722334 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.A414T

Protein Change: A414T
Organisms: Acinetobacter pittii
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: lower the affinity for quinolone
Validation Method: genomic characterization and resistance gene detection
Source Database: Reslit

Performance Evaluation of GeneLEAD/Deeplex Myc-TB for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Diagnosis and Drug Susceptibility Testing

PMID 34778100 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.A423V

Protein Change: A423V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genotypic prediction and phenotypic DST correlation
Source Database: Reslit

A species-wide genetic atlas of antimicrobial resistance in Clostridioides difficile.

PMID 34793295 · 2021

Common substitution in fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D426N
Organisms: Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Table 2
Source Database: Reslit

Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Bovine Pasteurella multocida Serogroup A Strain Reveals Insights Into Virulence Attenuation.

PMID 34859092 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S467F

Protein Change: S467F
Organisms: Pasteurella multocida
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequence alignment
Source Database: Reslit

High-Level Quinolone-Resistant Haemophilus haemolyticus in Pediatric Patient with No History of Quinolone Exposure.

PMID 34932443 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D88Y

Protein Change: D88Y
Organisms: Haemophilus haemolyticus
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|tosufloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: comparison with reference strains
Source Database: Reslit

Genomic characteristics and comparative genomics of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Schwarzengrund strain S16 isolated from chicken feces.

PMID 34983642 · 2022

mutation in DNA gyrase

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S467N gyrB: p.D429N

Protein Change: S464F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genotype concordant with broth microdilution
Source Database: Reslit

Molecular characterisation of second-line drug resistance among drug resistant tuberculosis patients tested in Uganda: a two and a half-year's review.

PMID 35410160 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E540D

Protein Change: E540D
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Line Probe Assay
Source Database: Reslit

Pharmacodynamic Evaluation of Zoliflodacin Treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Strains With Amino Acid Substitutions in the Zoliflodacin Target GyrB Using a Dynamic Hollow Fiber Infection Model.

PMID 35496288 · 2022

Both mutations contribute to zoliflodacin resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S467N, D429N
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: zoliflodacin
Validation Method: MIC testing and whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Nonlinear impacts of temperature on antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli.

PMID 39280591 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E368K

Protein Change: E368K
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: gatifloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Genetic and in-silico approaches for investigating the mechanisms of ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella typhi: Mutations, extrusion, and antimicrobial resistance.

PMID 39397980 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.A403S gyrB: p.V137A

Protein Change: S464F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Genetic diversities and drug resistance in Mycobacterium bovis isolates from zoonotic tuberculosis using whole genome sequencing.

PMID 39487429 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A403S, V137A
Organisms: Mycobacterium bovis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

100

Analysis of antibiotic susceptibility and genomic characteristics of Helicobacter pylori by whole-genome resequencing in Northern China.

PMID 39661273 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D481E

Protein Change: D481E
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome resequencing
Source Database: Reslit

101

Comparative In vitro antibacterial activity of nemonoxacin and other fluoroquinolones in correlation with resistant mechanisms in contemporary methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus blood isolates in Taiwan.

PMID 39825371 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D437E gyrB: p.P456S

Protein Change: D437E, P456S
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: nemonoxacin|moxifloxacin|levofloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

102

Helicobacter pylori Infection in Colombia: Phylogeny, Resistome, and Virulome.

PMID 39930978 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.R484K gyrB: p.S279G

Protein Change: R484K, S279G
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: in silico analysis
Source Database: Reslit

103

Antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic mechanisms of resistance of Ureaplasma isolates in North America between 2012 and 2023.

PMID 40323432 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D443N gyrB: p.P462S gyrB: p.E482K gyrB: p.E482G

Protein Change: D443N, P462S, E482K, E482G
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

104

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Human Health Implications of Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter spp. in Vermont Backyard Poultry.

PMID 40734185 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.Q624K

Protein Change: Q624K
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genotypic testing; genotypic and phenotypic testing
Source Database: Reslit

105

In vitro evolution provides insights into mechanisms of Mycoplasma genitalium resistance to moxifloxacin.

PMID 40971933 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.P462S

Protein Change: P462S
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: amplicon sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

106

Genetic analyses of mutations contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 11709333 · 2001

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E474K gyrB: p.D435E

Protein Change: E474K, D435E
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|levofloxacin|gemifloxacinofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: genetic transformation
Source Database: Reslit

107

Activities of Different Fluoroquinolones against Bacillus anthracis Mutants Selected In Vitro and Harboring Topoisomerase Mutations

PMID 15273116 · 2004

The Asn470Asp mutation in GyrB was associated with increased resistance to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.N470D

Protein Change: N470D
Organisms: Bacillus anthracis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

108

Silencing of glycopeptide resistance in Enterococcus faecalis BM4405 by novobiocin.

PMID 15793121 · 2005

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.K337Y

Protein Change: K337Y
Organisms: Enterococcus faecalis
Confers Resistance To: glycopeptides
Effect on Function: implicated in DNA supercoiling
Validation Method: sequencing of the gyrB gene of BM4405-1 revealed a mutation responsible for substitution of a residue (K337Y) required for ATPase activity
Source Database: Reslit

109

Novel gyrase mutations in quinolone-resistant and -hypersusceptible clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: functional analysis of mutant enzymes.

PMID 16377674 · 2006

The GyrB N510D mutation was associated with quinolone resistance.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrB mutant conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003459

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.N510D gyrB: p.N499D

Protein Change: N510D, N499D
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: quinolonesfluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: resistance; single resistance variant
Validation Method: MIC determination and enzyme inhibition assays
Source Database: ReslitCard Database

110

Association of mutation patterns in gyrA/B genes and ofloxacin resistance levels in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from East China in 2009.

PMID 21443804 · 2011

Some gyrB mutations were found in OFX-susceptible strains, suggesting they may not be solely responsible for resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.G551R gyrB: p.D500N gyrB: p.T539N gyrB: p.R485L gyrB: p.R485C

Protein Change: G551R, D500N, T539N, R485L, R485C
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

111

Mycobacterium tuberculosis population structure determines the outcome of genetics-based second-line drug resistance testing.

PMID 22330913 · 2012

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D94A

Protein Change: D94A
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

112

New insights into fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: functional genetic analysis of gyrA and gyrB mutations.

PMID 22761889 · 2012

Mutations in gyrB were analyzed for their impact on fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrB mutant conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003459

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.N538D gyrB: p.R485C gyrB: p.T539N gyrB: p.D500H gyrB: p.D500N gyrB: p.E540V gyrB: p.N538K gyrB: p.T539P gyrB: p.E540D gyrB: p.V301L gyrB: p.D461H gyrB: p.N499D gyrB: p.T546M gyrB: p.T500N gyrB: p.T500P gyrB: p.N538T gyrB: p.E501D gyrB: p.N499K gyrB: p.E501V

Protein Change: N538D, R485C, T539N, D500H, D500N, E540V, N538K, T539P, E540D, V301L, D461H, N499D, T546M, T500N, T500P, N538T, E501D, N499K, E501V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacinofloxacinlevofloxacin|moxifloxacinlevofloxacin|ofloxacinciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin|ofloxacinmoxifloxacinfluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: confers resistance to all four fluoroquinolones tested; confers resistance to ofloxacin; confers low-level resistance to levofloxacin and moxifloxacin; confers resistance to levofloxacin and ofloxacin; confers resistance to moxifloxacin; confers low-level resistance to moxifloxacin; single resistance variant; multiple resistance variants
Validation Method: MIC testing; transduction and MIC testing
Source Database: ReslitCard Database

113

Genomic Analysis of the Evolution of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Prior to Tuberculosis Diagnosis.

PMID 27572408 · 2016

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S486F

Protein Change: S486F
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: clone isolation and MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

114

Clarithromycin-Based Triple Therapy is Still Useful as an Initial Treatment for Helicobacter pylori Infection in the Dominican Republic.

PMID 28193745 · 2017

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S479G

Protein Change: S479G
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

115

Evolution and Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae in the United Kingdom and Ireland.

PMID 28223459 · 2017

associated with elevated ciprofloxacin MICs

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D461N gyrB: p.G512R

Protein Change: E468D
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

116

Whole-Genome Sequencing of Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Isolates from Dairy Cattle and Humans in New York and Washington States Reveals Source and Geographic Associations.

PMID 28389536 · 2017

Mutation in gyrB is associated with quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.G2202A

Protein Change: G2202A
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

117

Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Second-Line Drugs Resistance among Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates in Southwest of China.

PMID 28798931 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D461N, G512R
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofx
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

118

Current status of Helicobacter pylori resistance to Clarithromycin and Levofloxacin in Malaysia-findings from a molecular based study.

PMID 34178444 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D481E gyrB: p.R484K

Protein Change: D481E, R484K
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

119

Multiple introductions of multidrug-resistant typhoid associated with acute infection and asymptomatic carriage, Kenya.

PMID 34515028 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S464F
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Source Database: Reslit

120

Genome evolution drives transcriptomic and phenotypic adaptation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa during 20 years of infection.

PMID 34826267 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: E468D
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: experimental validation
Source Database: Reslit

121

Correlation of gyr Mutations with the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Fluoroquinolones among Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates in Bangladesh.

PMID 34832578 · 2021

Mutation in the gyrB gene is associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in MDR-TB isolates.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D426N gyrB: p.D426A

Protein Change: N538D
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin|levofloxacin|ofloxacin
Effect on Function: resistance
Validation Method: phenotypic drug susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

122

Antibiotic resistance of Mycoplasma Synoviae strains isolated in China from 2016 to 2019.

PMID 34980113 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S417N

Protein Change: S417N
Organisms: Mycoplasma synoviae
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

123

Whole-Genome Sequencing Reveals the High Nosocomial Transmission and Antimicrobial Resistance of Clostridioides difficile in a Single Center in China, a Four-Year Retrospective Study.

PMID 35019676 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D426N, D426A
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: detection in resistant isolates using BLASTn
Source Database: Reslit

124

Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Study of Helicobacter pylori Isolates from Myanmar and Their Susceptibility to Antibiotics.

PMID 35056645 · 2022

mutations associated with levofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.R304W

Protein Change: R304W
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and association with antibiotic resistance
Source Database: Reslit

125

Drug resistance profiles and related gene mutations in slow-growing non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolated in regional tuberculosis reference laboratories of Iran: a three year cross-sectional study.

PMID 35261334 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrB: ?

Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

126

Genome-wide analysis of antibiotic resistance genes and mutations in Helicobacter pylori strains

PMID 35354484 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.L601F

Protein Change: L601F
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and association analysis
Source Database: Reslit

127

Molecular Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance of Clostridioides difficile in Hospitalized Patients From Mexico.

PMID 35360652 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.T82I gyrB: p.L406I gyrB: p.D468N

Protein Change: T82I, L406I, D468N
Organisms: Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genome analysis
Source Database: Reslit

128

Salmonella Typhi Haplotype 58 biofilm formation and genetic variation in isolates from typhoid fever patients with gallstones in an endemic setting in Kenya.

PMID 39606745 · 2024

Point mutation in the Quinolone Resistance-Determining Region (QRDR)

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S464F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: phenotypic susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

129

Genomic perspective on the bacillus causing paratyphoid B fever.

PMID 39658567 · 2024

Mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA and gyrB

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.L936E gyrB: p.D945E gyrB: p.L249E gyrB: p.D315E

Protein Change: S464F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: detection in 3 isolates
Source Database: Reslit

130

In vitro evolution of ciprofloxacin resistance in Neisseria commensals and derived mutation population dynamics in natural Neisseria populations.

PMID 39788725 · 2025

GyrB P739H mutation was associated with intermediate ciprofloxacin resistance in gonococci.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.P739H

Protein Change: P739H
Organisms: Neisseria canis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and MIC testing; experimental evolution and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

131

Targeting efflux pumps prevents the multi-step evolution of high-level resistance to fluoroquinolone in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 39982069 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.P749S

Protein Change: P749S
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

132

Comprehensive analysis of extensive drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi in Gujarat region, India: genomic findings and prospective alternative therapy.

PMID 40422861 · 2025

mutation in QRDR region

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.I253V

Protein Change: I253V
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: WGS and phenotypic resistance testing
Source Database: Reslit

133

Climate-driven co-evolution of antimicrobial resistance and virulence in Escherichia coli on dairy farms: unraveling adaptive genetic signatures with novel SSCP-PCR.

PMID 41148424 · 2025

Mutations in gyrB contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: L936E, D945E, L249E, D315E
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

134

Tracking the evolution of an extensively drug-resistant cross-border Mycobacterium tuberculosis cluster, Europe, January 2016 up to August 2025: implications for European surveillance.

PMID 41267660 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.A504V

Protein Change: A504V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

135

A novel one-tube nested fluorescence melting curve analysis for rapid detection of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 41420205 · 2025

All mutations were confirmed by DNA sequencing.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.N499A gyrB: p.N499D gyrB: p.Q501D

Protein Change: N499A, N499D, Q501D
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: OTN-FMCA and Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

136

Added value of whole-genome sequencing for management of highly drug-resistant TB.

PMID 25492392 · 2015

Insufficient evidence

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.M330I gyrB: p.E540D

Protein Change: M330I, E540D
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

137

Molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from patients with community-onset infections in 30 Chinese county hospitals.

PMID 25520451 · 2015

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S492N

Protein Change: S492N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

138

Molecular diagnosis of fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 25534742 · 2015

Mutations in gyrB are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S470I gyrB: p.D473N gyrB: p.P478A gyrB: p.S486F gyrB: p.S486Y gyrB: p.D500A gyrB: p.D500N gyrB: p.A506G gyrB: p.E540V gyrB: p.A543V gyrB: p.A547V gyrB: p.G551R gyrB: p.G559A

Protein Change: S470I, D473N, P478A, S486F, S486Y, D500A, D500N, A506G, E540V, A543V, A547V, G551R, G559A
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

139

Draft Genome Sequences of Two Drug-Resistant Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Obtained from Keratitis Patients in India.

PMID 25573941 · 2015

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.V411L

Protein Change: V411L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Comparative analysis with P. aeruginosa PAO1 genome
Source Database: Reslit

140

In vitro activity of five quinolones and analysis of the quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE in Ureaplasma parvum and Ureaplasma urealyticum clinical isolates from perinatal patients in Japan.

PMID 25645833 · 2015

The P462S mutation in gyrB was found in one sample.

Ureaplasma urealyticum gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003305

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.P462S

Protein Change: P462S
Organisms: Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|sitafloxacin|tosufloxacin|garenoxacinfluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Validation Method: sequence analysis
Source Database: ReslitCard Database

141

Low resistance to first and second line anti-tuberculosis drugs among treatment naive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in southwestern Uganda.

PMID 25658921 · 2015

Seven isolates initially showed FQ resistance by MTBDR sl, but sequencing revealed wild-type gyrB

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.M429V

Protein Change: M429V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of gyrB gene
Source Database: Reslit

142

Prevalence and fluoroquinolone resistance of pseudomonas aeruginosa in a hospital of South China.

PMID 25785142 · 2015

Mutations in gyrB (Ser467Phe, Gln468His) are linked to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S467F gyrB: p.Q468H

Protein Change: S467F, Q468H
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

143

Frequency and geographic distribution of gyrA and gyrB mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates: a systematic review.

PMID 25816236 · 2015

Mutations in gyrB are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.N538D gyrB: p.D500H gyrB: p.A543V gyrB: p.T539N

Protein Change: N538D, D500H, A543V, T539N
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

144

Isolation of NDM-1-producing multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas putida from a paediatric case of acute gastroenteritis, India.

PMID 25893095 · 2015

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E469D

Protein Change: E469D
Organisms: Pseudomonas putida
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

145

Second-line anti-tuberculosis drug resistance and its genetic determinants in multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates.

PMID 26117528 · 2016

Only one mutation in gyrB was detected in an OFX-resistant isolate.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S447F

Protein Change: S447F
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

146

Emergence of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi in Italy.

PMID 26121266 · 2015

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.G435E gyrB: p.G435A gyrB: p.G435V

Protein Change: G435E, G435A, G435V
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and nucleotide sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

147

Whole-genome sequencing targets drug-resistant bacterial infections.

PMID 26243131 · 2015

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.T500N

Protein Change: T500N
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

148

A Multicountry Molecular Analysis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi With Reduced Susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin in Sub-Saharan Africa.

PMID 26933020 · 2016

Mutation in gyrB at codon 464 (Ser to Phe) combined with a mutation in gyrA at codon 133 (Glu to Gly)

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S464F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

149

A role for the bacterial GATC methylome in antibiotic stress survival.

PMID 26998690 · 2016

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S361P

Protein Change: S361P
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome Illumina sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

150

Performance of the New Version (v2.0) of the GenoType MTBDRsl Test for Detection of Resistance to Second-Line Drugs in Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Strains.

PMID 27053671 · 2016

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N538D
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: hybridization with probes
Source Database: Reslit

151

Whole genomic sequencing as a tool for diagnosis of drug and multidrug-resistance tuberculosis in an endemic region in Mexico.

PMID 31166945 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.G88A

Protein Change: G88A
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: WGS analysis
Source Database: Reslit

152

Frequency and patterns of second-line resistance conferring mutations among MDR-TB isolates resistant to a second-line drug from eSwatini, Somalia and Uganda (2014-2016).

PMID 31291943 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.H281L gyrB: p.D426N gyrB: p.S464F gyrB: p.L509G

Protein Change: N538D
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

153

In vitro Activities of Nemonoxacin and Other Antimicrobial Agents Against Human Mycoplasma and Ureaplasmas Isolates and Their Defined Resistance Mechanisms.

PMID 31456791 · 2019

Mutation in gyrB was found in Ureaplasma spp. isolate

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.P153S

Protein Change: P153S
Organisms: Ureaplasma spp.
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing of gyrB gene
Source Database: Reslit

154

Chromosomal and plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance in human Salmonella enterica infection in Ghana.

PMID 31660876 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.F601L

Protein Change: F601L
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

155

The mutational landscape of quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli.

PMID 31689338 · 2019

Mutations in gyrB confer quinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: H281L, D426N, S464F, L509G
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacinnalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and MIC testing; sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

156

The Resistome, Mobilome, Virulome and Phylogenomics of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates from Pretoria, South Africa.

PMID 31712587 · 2019

Mutations in gyrB contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D185E gyrB: p.A618T gyrB: p.R206L gyrB: p.E185D gyrB: p.S492N

Protein Change: D185E, A618T, R206L, E185D, S492N
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

157

In Vitro Derivation of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Mutants from Multiple Lineages of Haemophilus influenzae and Identification of Mutations Associated with Fluoroquinolone Resistance.

PMID 31740553 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S467Y gyrB: p.E469D

Protein Change: S467Y, E469D
Organisms: Haemophilus influenzae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

158

Quinolone antibiotics.

PMID 31803393 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D79N gyrB: p.T500N gyrB: p.G510A gyrB: p.G512R gyrB: p.D461H gyrB: p.N499S gyrB: p.G520A

Protein Change: D426N
Organisms: E. coli, Salmonella spp., Proteus mirabilis, Capnocytophaga spp., Clostridium perfringens, S. aureus, S. pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

159

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of levofloxacin- and moxifloxacin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates in southern China.

PMID 31903250 · 2019

Novel mutations detected in gyrA and gyrB genes.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D79N, T500N, G510A, G512R, D461H, N499S, G520A
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

160

Genomic Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates and Construction of a Beijing Lineage Reference Genome.

PMID 31971587 · 2020

Mutation in gyrB is associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.K247N

Protein Change: K247N
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: experimental assay; functional assay verified association
Source Database: Reslit

161

Epidemiological cut-offs for Sensititre susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: interpretive criteria cross validated with whole genome sequencing.

PMID 31974497 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.G461R gyrB: p.G501R

Protein Change: G461R, G501R
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacinmoxifloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

162

Pathogenomics and Evolutionary Epidemiology of Multi-Drug Resistant Clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Pretoria, South Africa.

PMID 31988374 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D553V

Protein Change: D553V
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

163

Population Bottlenecks Strongly Influence the Evolutionary Trajectory to Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Escherichia coli.

PMID 32031639 · 2020

Mutation in drug target gene

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E472V

Protein Change: E472V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

164

Resistome, mobilome, and virulome explored in clinical isolates derived from acne patients in Egypt: unveiling unique traits of an emerging coagulase-negative Staphylococcus pathogen.

PMID 38371297 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.V221I gyrB: p.K236R gyrB: p.K272R gyrB: p.K639N gyrB: p.E641K gyrB: p.S650T gyrB: p.I761V gyrB: p.N772K gyrB: p.N811K gyrB: p.A820V gyrB: p.S826T gyrB: p.T828N gyrB: p.T829A gyrB: p.T831K gyrB: p.M854T gyrB: p.E472V

Protein Change: V221I, K236R, K272R, K639N, E641K, S650T, I761V, N772K, N811K, A820V, S826T, T828N, T829A, T831K, M854T, E472V
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic detection; genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

165

Prevalence and molecular characterization of multi-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from clinical bovine mastitis in China.

PMID 38478400 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.P385A

Protein Change: P385A
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

166

A Set of Multiresistant Isolates of Mycoplasma bovis Subtype ST-1 with a Variable Susceptibility to Quinolones Are Also Circulating in Spain.

PMID 38668284 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D105N gyrB: p.R58N gyrB: p.R58G

Protein Change: D105N, R58N, R58G
Organisms: Mycoplasma bovis
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin|marbofloxacin|danofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

167

Could traces of fluoroquinolones in food induce ciprofloxacin resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae? An in vivo study in Galleria mellonella with important implications for maximum residue limits in food.

PMID 38687060 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.P747S

Protein Change: P747S
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ceftriaxone|doxycycline
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

168

Identification of novel resistance-associated mutations and discrimination within whole-genome sequences of fluoroquinolone-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates.

PMID 38687077 · 2024

associated with FQ resistance

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.G520D

Protein Change: G520D
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: resazurin microtiter assay (REMA)
Source Database: Reslit

169

Defining the phylogenetics and resistome of the major Clostridioides difficile ribotypes circulating in Australia.

PMID 38717815 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.I139R gyrB: p.Q434K

Protein Change: I139R, Q434K
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

170

The Genetic Landscape of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Enterococcus cecorum Broiler Isolates.

PMID 38786138 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.T377M

Protein Change: T377M
Organisms: Enterococcus cecorum
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

171

Evaluation of commercial, customized microdilution plates for Ureaplasma parvum, Ureaplasma urealyticum, and Mycoplasma hominis antimicrobial susceptibility testing and determination of antimicrobial resistance prevalence in France.

PMID 38832769 · 2024

Mutation associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D427N

Protein Change: D427N
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

172

The drug resistance profile of Mycobacterium abscessus group strains from Korea.

PMID 24422193 · 2014

Mutation at amino acid position 492 (Arg→Cys) in the gyrB gene is associated with resistance to ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.R492C

Protein Change: R492C
Organisms: Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium massiliense
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

173

Antibiotic resistance determinants in a Pseudomonas putida strain isolated from a hospital.

PMID 24465371 · 2014

Mutation in gyrB leads to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E468D gyrB: p.S466F

Protein Change: E468D
Organisms: Pseudomonas putida
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin|pefloxacin|ofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: protein sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

174

Lack of efflux mediated quinolone resistance in Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A.

PMID 24478769 · 2014

associated with resistance

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D420N

Protein Change: D420N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

175

Fluoroquinolone-gyrase-DNA complexes: two modes of drug binding.

PMID 24497635 · 2014

Mutations in GyrB contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance through cross-linking mechanisms.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E466C

Protein Change: E466C
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium smegmatis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: cross-linking experiments and EDTA reversal tests
Source Database: Reslit

176

Correlation between virulence genotype and fluoroquinolone resistance in carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 24982833 · 2014

Mutation Information

Protein Change: E468D, S466F
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

177

Functional and molecular surveillance of Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance in Kuala Lumpur.

PMID 25003707 · 2014

Helicobacter pylori gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3007053

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.F438S gyrB: p.D481E gyrB: p.D484K gyrB: p.N87K gyrB: p.D91G gyrB: p.V199I gyrB: p.D91N gyrB: p.V199A gyrB: p.R484K

Protein Change: F438S, D481E, D484K, N87K, D91G, V199I, D91N, V199A, R484K
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: co-dependent single resistance variant
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: ReslitCard Database

178

Type II and type IV topoisomerase mutations in clinical isolates of Morganella morganii harbouring the qnrD gene.

PMID 25106550 · 2014

Morganella morganii gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003306

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S463A gyrB: p.S464Y

Protein Change: S463A, S464Y
Organisms: Morganella morganii
Confers Resistance To: quinolonesfluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: ReslitCard Database

179

Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of human Clostridium difficile isolates from a single institution in Northern China.

PMID 29924052 · 2018

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D426N gyrB: p.D426V gyrB: p.S416A

Protein Change: D426N, D426V, S416A
Organisms: Clostridium difficile
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

180

Alternations in DNA gyrase genes in low-level fluoroquinolone-resistant Moraxella catarrhalis strains isolated in Poland.

PMID 30122961 · 2018

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.G494D

Protein Change: G494D
Organisms: Moraxella catarrhalis
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

181

The phylogeography and incidence of multi-drug resistant typhoid fever in sub-Saharan Africa.

PMID 30504848 · 2018

Mutations in QRDR

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E39K

Protein Change: E39K
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and QRDR analysis
Source Database: Reslit

182

Molecular Patterns of Resistance Among Helicobacter pylori Strains in South-Western Poland.

PMID 30619218 · 2018

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D481E

Protein Change: D481E
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

183

Multi-step genomic dissection of a suspected intra-hospital Helicobacter cinaedi outbreak.

PMID 30629483 · 2018

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D423N

Protein Change: D423N
Organisms: Helicobacter cinaedi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Effect on Function: confers resistance to fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

184

Mycoplasmas under experimental antimicrobial selection: The unpredicted contribution of horizontal chromosomal transfer.

PMID 30668569 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E426K

Protein Change: E426K
Organisms: Mycoplasma agalactiae
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

185

Persistence and Microevolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Cystic Fibrosis Lung: A Single-Patient Longitudinal Genomic Study.

PMID 30692969 · 2018

Mutations in gyrB are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E468D gyrB: c.G1404T

Protein Change: E468D
Nucleotide Change: G1404T
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and association with fluoroquinolone resistance; whole genome sequencing and comparison with susceptible isolates
Source Database: Reslit

186

Antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes profiling and molecular relatedness of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from hospitalized patients in Guangdong Province, China.

PMID 30881052 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.M90K gyrB: p.R85Q gyrB: p.S81F gyrB: p.I46M gyrB: p.E422D gyrB: p.D432N gyrB: p.P451L gyrB: p.G463R

Protein Change: M90K, R85Q, S81F, I46M, E422D, D432N, P451L, G463R
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

187

Prevalence and mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis in Japan.

PMID 30886932 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S464Y gyrB: p.E466D

Protein Change: S464Y, E466D
Organisms: Proteus mirabilis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR amplification and direct DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

188

Effects of a previously selected antibiotic resistance on mutations acquired during development of a second resistance in Escherichia coli.

PMID 30975082 · 2019

Mutation in gyrB was observed in wild-type E. coli adapted to kanamycin.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E594D gyrB: p.K167Q

Protein Change: S464Y
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: kanamycin
Validation Method: Whole genome sequencing and MIC measurements
Source Database: Reslit

189

High diversity of clinical Mycobacterium intracellulare in China revealed by whole genome sequencing.

PMID 36466540 · 2022

Mutations in gyrB were found in MP-MIP strains but not associated with moxifloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: E594D, K167Q
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

190

Genomic analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis strains isolated from bovine in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.

PMID 36467663 · 2022

associated with quinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.G513D gyrB: p.R1167G gyrB: p.A403S gyrB: p.D472G

Protein Change: G513D, R1167G, A403S, D472G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesciprofloxacin|fluoroquinolones|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis; genomic sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

191

Rapid Phenotypic Convergence towards Collateral Sensitivity in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Presenting Different Genomic Backgrounds.

PMID 36533961 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S466F gyrB: p.R138L gyrB: p.P749S

Protein Change: S466F, R138L, P749S
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

192

Pervasive Selection for Clinically Relevant Resistance and Media Adaptive Mutations at Very Low Antibiotic Concentrations.

PMID 36627817 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.G241D

Protein Change: G241D
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

193

Intracellular Experimental Evolution of Francisella tularensis Subsp. holarctica Live Vaccine Strain (LVS) to Antimicrobial Resistance.

PMID 36662533 · 2023

mutations in gyrB were observed in population 1

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S465F

Protein Change: S465F
Organisms: Francisella tularensis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

194

Mutations Related to Antibiotics Resistance in Helicobacter pylori Clinical Isolates from Bangladesh.

PMID 36830189 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.A343V

Protein Change: A343V
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and association analysis
Source Database: Reslit

195

Antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori: From potential biomolecular mechanisms to clinical practice.

PMID 37088871 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E463K gyrB: p.S479G gyrB: p.D481E gyrB: p.R484K

Protein Change: E463K, S479G, D481E, R484K
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

196

Genomic Characterization and Genetic Profiles of Salmonella Gallinarum Strains Isolated from Layers with Fowl Typhoid in Colombia.

PMID 37107581 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S464T

Protein Change: S464T
Organisms: Salmonella Gallinarum
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

197

Advantages of Whole Genome Sequencing in Mitigating the Helicobacter pylori Antimicrobial Resistance Problem.

PMID 37317213 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.R579C

Protein Change: R579C
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

198

Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae with high-level resistance to cefuroxime, levofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

PMID 37407940 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.A606V gyrB: p.A725V

Protein Change: A606V, A725V
Organisms: non-typeable Haemophilus
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic variation analysis
Source Database: Reslit

199

Genomic alterations involved in fluoroquinolone resistance development in Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID 37494330 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.T451S gyrB: p.R450S

Protein Change: T451S, R450S
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: target sequencing; sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

200

Molecular Analysis of Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolated in the Republic of Korea.

PMID 37627744 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D500N

Protein Change: D500N
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofx
Validation Method: DNA sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

201

Species Profiles and Antimicrobial Resistance of Non-aureus Staphylococci Isolated from Healthy Broilers, Farm Environments, and Farm Workers.

PMID 37701746 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S567A gyrB: p.A512R gyrB: p.E490G gyrB: p.S494T

Protein Change: S567A, A512R, E490G, S494T
Organisms: Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus simulans
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

202

Evolution of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli biofilm treated with high doses of ciprofloxacin.

PMID 37731931 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S464Y gyrB: p.E466D

Protein Change: S464Y, E466D
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

203

The Drug-Specific Propensity Regarding the Acquisition of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Escherichia coli: An in vitro Challenge and DNA Mutation Analysis.

PMID 37789839 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.Q411R gyrB: p.E454D gyrB: p.E454N gyrB: p.E454R gyrB: p.E454H gyrB: p.V467M gyrB: p.E454K gyrB: p.V467E

Protein Change: Q411R, E454D, E454N, E454R, E454H, V467M, E454K, V467E
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

204

A genomic survey of Clostridioides difficile isolates from hospitalized patients in Melbourne, Australia.

PMID 37815385 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S366A gyrB: p.S366V gyrB: p.S416A gyrB: p.E466V

Protein Change: S366A, S366V, S416A, E466V
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: in silico prediction
Source Database: Reslit

205

Fluoroquinolone resistance determinants in carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from urine clinical samples in Thailand.

PMID 37953793 · 2023

less common mutation

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.A618T

Protein Change: A618T
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Effect on Function: resistance
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing; sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

206

Molecular epidemiology and pathogenomics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing- Escherichia coli and - Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from bulk tank milk in Tennessee, USA.

PMID 38029210 · 2023

Mutation in gyrB contributes to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.Y184D

Protein Change: Y184D
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: Genome sequencing and gene characterization
Source Database: Reslit

207

A preliminary evaluation of targeted nanopore sequencing technology for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid specimens.

PMID 38029234 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D94G gyrB: p.A90V gyrB: p.S91P

Protein Change: D94G, A90V, S91P
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: targeted nanopore sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

208

Pharmacodynamics of zoliflodacin plus doxycycline combination therapy against Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a gonococcal hollow-fiber infection model.

PMID 38130409 · 2023

GyrB T472P mutation was selected in the HFIM experiment and increases zoliflodacin MIC.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.T472P

Protein Change: T472P
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: zoliflodacin
Effect on Function: increases zoliflodacin MIC
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

209

Quantitative measurement of antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveals genetic determinants of resistance and susceptibility in a target gene approach.

PMID 38216576 · 2024

mutations

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E501D gyrB: p.R446C gyrB: p.S447P

Protein Change: E501D, R446C, S447P
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacinlevofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: association with increased MIC
Source Database: Reslit

210

Gonococcal resistance to zoliflodacin could emerge via transformation from commensal Neisseria species. An in-vitro transformation study.

PMID 38216602 · 2024

Mutations were identified through whole genome sequencing of resistant strains.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.M464R gyrB: p.T472P gyrB: p.D429N gyrB: p.S467N gyrB: p.S467G gyrB: p.K450I gyrB: p.M29I

Protein Change: M464R, T472P, D429N, S467N, S467G, K450I, M29I
Organisms: Neisseria mucosa, Neisseria subflava, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria cinerea
Confers Resistance To: zoliflodacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

211

A systematic review of gyrase mutations associated with fluoroquinolone-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and a proposed gyrase numbering system.

PMID 22279180 · 2012

Mutations in gyrB codons 461, 470, 499, 500, 504, and 538 are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.N499D gyrB: p.N499T gyrB: p.D461H gyrB: p.D461N gyrB: p.G470A gyrB: p.T500P gyrB: p.A504V gyrB: p.S538F gyrB: p.S447F gyrB: p.D461A gyrB: p.G470C gyrB: p.N499Y gyrB: p.N499K gyrB: p.T500N gyrB: p.T500I gyrB: p.E501V gyrB: p.E501D gyrB: p.A504T gyrB: p.Q538H

Protein Change: N499D, N499T, D461H, D461N, G470A, T500P, A504V, S538F, S447F, D461A, G470C, N499Y, N499K, T500N, T500I, E501V, E501D, A504T, Q538H
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|moxifloxacinfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: biochemical studies
Source Database: ReslitResFinder Database

212

Comparative genomic analysis of rapid evolution of an extreme-drug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii clone.

PMID 23538992 · 2013

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.Y580H

Protein Change: Y580H
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: SNP analysis
Source Database: Reslit

213

Detection of second-line drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis using oligonucleotide microarrays.

PMID 23705640 · 2013

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D500H, R485H, N538D, R446C, R446H, R446L, S447F, D461N, D461H, D461A, G470C, G470A, I486L, D494A, N499Y, N499D, N499T, N499K, T500P, T500N, T500I, E501V, E501D, A504T, A504V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacinfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Hybridisation on microarray and sequencing
Source Database: ReslitResFinder Database

214

Sublethal ciprofloxacin treatment leads to rapid development of high-level ciprofloxacin resistance during long-term experimental evolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 23774442 · 2013

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S465Y

Protein Change: S465Y
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

215

Genome analysis of a transmissible lineage of pseudomonas aeruginosa reveals pathoadaptive mutations and distinct evolutionary paths of hypermutators.

PMID 24039595 · 2013

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.H456Y

Protein Change: H456Y
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: mutation detected via genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

216

Systematic review of allelic exchange experiments aimed at identifying mutations that confer drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 24055765 · 2014

Mutations in gyrB confer resistance to fluoroquinolones

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N510D, E540V, D500A, N538T, T539P, D500H, D500N, N538D, T546M, R485C, T539N, D461N, D461H, D461A, N499Y, N499D, N499T, N499K, T500P, T500N, T500I, E501V, E501D, A504T, A504V, T507M
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: IC50 measurement; MIC measurement
Source Database: ReslitResFinder Database

217

Molecular Analysis of Rising Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Belgian Non-Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates (1995-2014).

PMID 27227336 · 2016

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.P454S

Protein Change: P454S
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

218

Role of gyrB Mutations in Pre-extensively and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Thai Clinical Isolates.

PMID 27297489 · 2016

Mutations in gyrB contribute to quinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.N538D gyrB: p.E540D

Protein Change: N538D, E540D
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin|gatifloxacinofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin|gatifloxacin|sparfloxacin
Effect on Function: confers resistance to quinolones
Validation Method: MIC and DNA gyrase supercoiling inhibition assays
Source Database: Reslit

219

Genome Sequence of Kocuria polaris Strain CD08_4, an Isolate from the Duodenal Mucosa of a Celiac Disease Patient.

PMID 29074657 · 2017

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.G121S

Protein Change: G121S
Organisms: Kocuria polaris
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

220

Exploring the Genome and Phenotype of Multi-Drug Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae of Clinical Origin.

PMID 29109700 · 2017

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.I2160V gyrB: p.I2160M gyrB: p.I2273L

Protein Change: E466D
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: Sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

221

Point Mutations at gyrA and gyrB Genes of Levofloxacin-Resistant Helicobacter pylori Isolates in the Esophageal Mucosa from a Venezuelan Population.

PMID 29405113 · 2018

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S479G

Protein Change: S479G
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

222

Molecular epidemiology of fluoroquinolone resistant Salmonella in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PMID 29432492 · 2018

Less common mutation in quinolone resistant Salmonella.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E466V

Protein Change: E466V
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: meta-analysis
Source Database: Reslit

223

Two Distinct Patterns of Clostridium difficile Diversity Across Europe Indicating Contrasting Routes of Spread.

PMID 29659747 · 2018

Mutations in gyrB were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in ribotypes 027, 176, and 356.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.N371S

Protein Change: N371S
Organisms: Clostridium difficile
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

224

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms related to fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside resistance in Mycobacterium avium isolates.

PMID 29674849 · 2018

mutations linked to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: I2160V, I2160M, I2273L
Organisms: Mycobacterium avium
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and correlation with resistance data
Source Database: Reslit

225

Clostridium difficile Infections: A Global Overview of Drug Sensitivity and Resistance Mechanisms.

PMID 29682562 · 2018

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D71V gyrB: p.T82V gyrB: p.D81N gyrB: p.A83V gyrB: p.A118V gyrB: p.D426N gyrB: p.D426V gyrB: p.R447K gyrB: p.R447L gyrB: p.S416A gyrB: p.E466K gyrB: p.A503S gyrB: p.S366A gyrB: p.D501E

Protein Change: D71V, T82V, D81N, A83V, A118V, D426N, D426V, R447K, R447L, S416A, E466K, A503S, S366A, D501E
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

226

Molecular Targets Related Drug Resistance Mechanisms in MDR-, XDR-, and TDR-Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains.

PMID 29755957 · 2018

Mutations in the QRDR of gyrB are less common but still contribute to FQ resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D500G

Protein Change: D500G
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: experimental validation
Source Database: Reslit

227

Whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial resistance in Brucella melitensis from a Norwegian perspective.

PMID 29867163 · 2018

Mutation in gyrB was not associated with fluoroquinolone resistance as determined by phenotypic testing.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.T235I

Protein Change: T235I
Organisms: Brucella melitensis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

228

Directed evolution of multiple genomic loci allows the prediction of antibiotic resistance.

PMID 29871954 · 2018

Mutations in gyrB are in close proximity of GyrA in the gyrase complex

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.V334L gyrB: p.A785V

Protein Change: V334L, A785V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of resistant clones
Source Database: Reslit

229

In vitro antimicrobial combination testing of and evolution of resistance to the first-in-class spiropyrimidinetrione zoliflodacin combined with six therapeutically relevant antimicrobials for Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID 31730160 · 2019

All resistant mutants contained these GyrB mutations.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae gyrB conferring resistance to zoliflodacin; CARD accession: CARD:3004859

gyrB

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D429N gyrB: p.K450T gyrB: p.K450N

Protein Change: D429N, K450T, K450N
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: zoliflodacin
Effect on Function: single resistance variant; DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) subunit B GyrB
Validation Method: selection-of-resistance studies
Source Database: ReslitCard DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

230

Phylogenetic Analysis Indicates a Longer Term Presence of the Globally Distributed H58 Haplotype of Salmonella Typhi in Southern India.

PMID 32003431 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S464F
Organisms: Salmonella Typhi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

231

Performance of Genotype MTBDRsl V2.0 over the Genotype MTBDRsl V1 for detection of second line drug resistance: An Indian perspective.

PMID 32130233 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S366V gyrB: p.S416A gyrB: p.D426N gyrB: p.D426V

Protein Change: N538D
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: line probe assay
Source Database: Reslit

232

High prevalence of Clostridiodes diffiicle PCR ribotypes 001 and 126 in Iran.

PMID 32170182 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S366V, S416A, D426N, D426V
Organisms: Clostridium difficile
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

233

Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning based prediction of resistant and susceptible mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 32218465 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.N499T

Protein Change: N499T
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: machine learning prediction
Source Database: Reslit

234

Antimicrobial Resistance in Clinical Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis and Structural Mechanisms Underlying Quinolone Resistance.

PMID 32229497 · 2020

mutations in GyrB are associated with quinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.N481S gyrB: p.P462S gyrB: p.E482D gyrB: p.D443A gyrB: p.N486Y

Protein Change: N481S, P462S, E482D, D443A, N486Y
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

235

Resistance-Conferring Mutations on Whole-Genome Sequencing of Fluoroquinolone-resistant and -Susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates: A Proposed Threshold for Identifying Resistance.

PMID 32348473 · 2021

Mutations in gyrA and gyrB are the most frequent mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D461N gyrB: p.D461H gyrB: p.N499I gyrB: p.T500N

Protein Change: D461N, D461H, N499I, T500N
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic resistance testing
Source Database: Reslit

236

Discovery of seven novel mutations of gyrB, parC and parE in Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi strains from Jiangsu Province of China.

PMID 32355184 · 2020

Mutation in gyrB contributes to quinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S426G

Protein Change: S426G
Organisms: Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Paratyphi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

237

Toxin profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns among toxigenic clinical isolates of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile.

PMID 32373304 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D426N
Organisms: Clostridioides (Clostridium)
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

238

Genomic profiling of Escherichia coli isolates from bacteraemia patients: a 3-year cohort study of isolates collected at a Sydney teaching hospital.

PMID 32374251 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.G105S

Protein Change: G105S
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

239

Genomic profiling of antimicrobial resistance genes in clinical isolates of Salmonella Typhi from patients infected with Typhoid fever in India.

PMID 32427945 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D435N gyrB: p.V437I gyrB: p.R579C

Protein Change: S464F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|pefloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

240

Genotype analysis of ofloxacin-resistant multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in a multicentered study from India.

PMID 32461400 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D472V

Protein Change: D472V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

241

Next-Generation Sequencing of the Whole Bacterial Genome for Tracking Molecular Insight into the Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Resistance of Helicobacter pylori Clinical Isolates from the Democratic Republic of Congo.

PMID 32545318 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D435N, V437I, R579C
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

242

Multidrug-Resistant Streptococcus agalactiae Strains Found in Human and Fish with High Penicillin and Cefotaxime Non-Susceptibilities.

PMID 32708529 · 2020

Unique mutations not previously reported

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.T5I gyrB: p.Q274H gyrB: p.V498A

Protein Change: T5I, Q274H, V498A
Organisms: Streptococcus agalactiae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and sequence alignment
Source Database: Reslit

243

High relatedness of invasive multi-drug resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella genotypes among patients and asymptomatic carriers in endemic informal settlements in Kenya.

PMID 32745137 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S463A

Protein Change: S463A
Organisms: Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

244

Horizontal Gene Transfer of Fluoroquinolone Resistance-Conferring Genes From Commensal Neisseria to Neisseria gonorrhoeae: A Global Phylogenetic Analysis of 20,047 Isolates.

PMID 35369513 · 2022

Substitutions D429V and S467N in gyrB were associated with resistance to zoliflodacin.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D429V gyrB: p.S467N

Protein Change: D429V, S467N
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: zoliflodacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

245

Mutational background influences P. aeruginosa ciprofloxacin resistance evolution but preserves collateral sensitivity robustness.

PMID 35385351 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S466F

Protein Change: S466F
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: tobramycin|aztreonam
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and susceptibility testing; susceptibility testing of the native strain
Source Database: Reslit

246

Rapid Identification of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Genes Using Direct PCR Amplification and Oxford Nanopore Technology Sequencing.

PMID 35386470 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.G504D gyrB: p.G419D

Protein Change: G504D, G419D
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Nanopore sequencing and Sanger sequencing comparison
Source Database: Reslit

247

Whole genome sequencing analyses revealed that Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin strains from Brazil belonged to two predominant clades.

PMID 35732677 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E466D gyrB: p.S464F

Protein Change: E466D, S464F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: genotypic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

248

Antimicrobial susceptibility and genomic profiling of Salmonella enterica from bloodstream infections at a tertiary referral hospital in Lusaka, Zambia, 2018-2019.

PMID 35755477 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.A504V gyrB: p.T500N gyrB: p.T500A

Protein Change: S464Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: Genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

249

Investigating resistance in clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates with genomic and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing: a multicentre observational study.

PMID 35907429 · 2022

Mutation associated with moxifloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A504V, T500N, T500A
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacinlevofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: genomic resistance prediction based on mutation catalogue
Source Database: Reslit

250

Whole genome sequencing of the multidrug-resistant Chryseobacterium indologenes isolated from a patient in Brazil.

PMID 35966843 · 2022

Mutations in gyrB contribute to quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.L425I gyrB: p.K473R

Protein Change: L425I, K473R
Organisms: Chryseobacterium indologenes
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and annotation
Source Database: Reslit

251

Molecular characterization of circulating Salmonella Typhi strains in an urban informal settlement in Kenya.

PMID 36007074 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S464F gyrB: p.E466D

Protein Change: S464F, E466D
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

252

Clonal distribution and antimicrobial resistance of methicillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from broiler farms, slaughterhouses, and retail chicken meat.

PMID 36041389 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D494N

Protein Change: D494N
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing analysis of QRDRs
Source Database: Reslit

253

Predicting antibiotic resistance in complex protein targets using alchemical free energy methods.

PMID 36054249 · 2022

Resistant to moxifloxacin

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E501D

Protein Change: E501D
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacinrifampicin
Validation Method: alchemical free energy calculations; free energy calculation
Source Database: Reslit

254

Genomic characterization of two metagenome-assembled genomes of Tropheryma whipplei from China.

PMID 36189364 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S474Q

Protein Change: S474Q
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: RAST annotation
Source Database: Reslit

255

Reference Susceptibility Testing and Genomic Surveillance of Clostridioides difficile, United States, 2012-17.

PMID 36208202 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D426N
Organisms: Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

256

Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Species and Their Mobile Genetic Elements from Poultry Farm Environments in Malaysia.

PMID 37627750 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.A295G

Protein Change: A295G
Organisms: Salmonella enterica, Salmonella Jedburgh, Salmonella Brancaster
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

257

Salmonella Typhi Haplotype 58 (H58) Biofilm Formation and Genetic Variation in Typhoid Fever Patients with Gallstones in an Endemic Setting in Kenya.

PMID 38883710 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D426N gyrB: p.K447E

Protein Change: S464F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: phenotypic susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

258

Unveiling the microevolution of antimicrobial resistance in selected Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Egyptian healthcare settings: A genomic approach.

PMID 38969684 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.I139R

Protein Change: I139R
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: Antibiotic target alteration
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

259

Exposure to blue light reduces antimicrobial resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from dog ear infections.

PMID 39027093 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S466F

Protein Change: S466F
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

260

In vitro evolution of ciprofloxacin resistance in Neisseria commensals and derived mutation population dynamics in natural Neisseria populations.

PMID 39071422 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.P739H

Protein Change: P739H
Organisms: Neisseria canis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: mutations in DNA gyrase subunit B (GyrB D429N and P739H) and topoisomerase IV subunit E (ParE P456S) during in vitro selection
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

261

The catalogue of Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutations associated with drug resistance to 12 drugs in China from a nationwide survey: a genomic analysis.

PMID 39353459 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D461N

Protein Change: D461N
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: genotyping and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

262

Quinolone resistance-determining region in the DNA gyrase gyrB gene of Escherichia coli.

PMID 1656869 · 1991

gyrB

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D426N, K447E
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacinnalidixic acidquinolones
Effect on Function: Target modification; DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) subunit B GyrB
Source Database: ResFinder DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

263

Genome sequencing of 161 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from China identifies genes and intergenic regions associated with drug resistance.

PMID 23995137 · 2013

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.A90G gyrB: p.R446C gyrB: p.R446H gyrB: p.R446L gyrB: p.V670F

Protein Change: A90G, R446C, R446H, R446L, V670F
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: ResFinder Database

264

Tuberculosis drug resistance mutation database.

PMID 19209951 · 2009

Mutation Information

Protein Change: R446C, R446H, R446L, S447F, D461N, D461H, D461A, G470C, G470A, D494A, N499Y, N499D, N499T, N499K, T500P, T500N, T500I, E501V, E501D, A504T, A504V, Q538H
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: ResFinder Database

265

Prevalence of mutations within the quinolone resistance-determining region of gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE and association with antibiotic resistance in quinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica.

PMID 15388468 · 2004

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.Y421C gyrB: p.R438L

Protein Change: Y421C, R438L
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ResFinder Database

266

Nalidixic acid-resistant mutations of the gyrB gene of Escherichia coli.

PMID 3020376 · 1986

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D426N gyrB: p.L447E

Protein Change: D426N, L447E
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ResFinder Database

267

Detection of a Novel gyrB Mutation Associated With Fluoroquinolone-Nonsusceptible Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Isolated From a Bloodstream Infection in Ghana.

PMID 26933021 · 2016

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.K444F gyrB: p.E466V

Protein Change: E466D
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ResFinder Database

268

Molecular characterization of moxifloxacin resistance from Canadian Clostridium difficile clinical isolates.

PMID 20226332 · 2010

Clostridioides difficile gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3004562

gyrB

Mutation Information

Protein Change: K444F, E466V
Organisms: Clostridium ljungdahlii, Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant; DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) subunit B GyrB
Source Database: Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

269

Identification of a novel mutation at the primary dimer interface of GyrA conferring fluoroquinolone resistance in Clostridium difficile.

PMID 27842877 · 2015

Clostridioides difficile gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3004562

gyrB

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S464T gyrB: p.I139R gyrB: p.S366V gyrB: p.S366A gyrB: p.V130I

Protein Change: S464T, I139R, S366V, S366A, V130I
Organisms: Clostridium ljungdahlii, Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant; DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) subunit B GyrB
Source Database: Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

270

gyrB mutations which confer coumarin resistance also affect DNA supercoiling and ATP hydrolysis by Escherichia coli DNA gyrase.

PMID 1323022 · 1992

Escherichia coli gyrB conferring resistance to aminocoumarin; CARD accession: CARD:3003303

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.R136S gyrB: p.R136G gyrB: p.R136I gyrB: p.R136E gyrB: p.R136L gyrB: p.R136C gyrB: p.R136H

Protein Change: R136S, R136G, R136I, R136E, R136L, R136C, R136H
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: aminocoumarin
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

271

Alternative eradication regimens for Helicobacter pylori infection in Indonesian regions with high metronidazole and levofloxacin resistance.

PMID 30774400 · 2019

Helicobacter pylori gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3007053

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D91N gyrB: p.R484K gyrB: p.N87Y gyrB: p.A129T gyrB: p.S479G gyrB: p.R484S / c.CGT>TCT gyrB: p.S479R / c.TCA>CAG

Protein Change: D91N, R484K, N87Y, A129T, S479G, R484S, S479R
Nucleotide Change: CGT>TCT, TCA>CAG
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinoloneslevofloxacin
Effect on Function: co-dependent single resistance variant
Validation Method: next-generation sequencing
Source Database: Card DatabaseReslit

272

Fluoroquinolone resistance in Helicobacter pylori: role of mutations at position 87 and 91 of GyrA on the level of resistance and identification of a resistance conferring mutation in GyrB.

PMID 22221614 · 2012

Helicobacter pylori gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3007053

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E463K

Protein Change: E463K
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

273

Impact of amino acid substitutions in B subunit of DNA gyrase in Mycobacterium leprae on fluoroquinolone resistance.

PMID 23071850 · 2012

Mycobacterium leprae gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003304

Mutations in gyrB contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance in M. leprae.

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.N502D gyrB: p.E504V gyrB: p.D464N

Protein Change: N502D, E504V, D464N
Organisms: Mycobacterium leprae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesofloxacin|moxifloxacin|sitafloxacin|ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Validation Method: FQ-inhibited supercoiling assay and FQ-mediated DNA cleavage assay
Source Database: Card DatabaseReslit

274

PMID 978-92-4-008241-0

Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrB mutant conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003459

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D461N gyrB: p.D461H gyrB: p.S447F gyrB: p.E501D gyrB: p.A504V gyrB: p.E501V gyrB: p.N499T gyrB: p.N499D

Protein Change: D461N, D461H, S447F, E501D, A504V, E501V, N499T, N499D
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

275

A data compendium associating the genomes of 12,289 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates with quantitative resistance phenotypes to 13 antibiotics.

PMID 35944069 · 2022

Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrB mutant conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003459

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.A504V

Protein Change: A504V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

276

Integrating standardized whole genome sequence analysis with a global Mycobacterium tuberculosis antibiotic resistance knowledgebase.

PMID 30337678 · 2018

Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrB mutant conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003459

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.V457L gyrB: p.N499T gyrB: p.E501D

Protein Change: V457L, N499T, E501D
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

277

Genomic Characterization of Salmonella Isangi: A Global Perspective of a Rare Serovar.

PMID 37627729 · 2023

Salmonella isangi gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3007752

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.R144I gyrB: p.G85S gyrB: p.S128L gyrB: p.R144S gyrB: p.I56S gyrB: p.I102S gyrB: p.T173A

Protein Change: S464F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

278

Accumulation of mutations in both gyrB and parE genes is associated with high-level resistance to novobiocin in Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID 16127057 · 2005

Staphylococcus aureus gyrB conferring resistance to aminocoumarin; CARD accession: CARD:3003301

Mutation Information

Protein Change: R144I, G85S, S128L, R144S, I56S, I102S, T173A
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: aminocoumarin
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

279

Analysis of mutations in DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV of Ureaplasma urealyticum and Ureaplasma parvum serovars resistant to fluoroquinolones.

PMID 27884651 · 2017

Ureaplasma urealyticum gyrB conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003305

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E502Q

Protein Change: E502Q
Organisms: Ureaplasma urealyticum
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

280

On the neurology of perception.

PMID 225083 · 1979

gyrB

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S416A

Protein Change: S416A
Organisms: Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) subunit B GyrB
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

281

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome and the developing nervous system.

PMID 1981886 · 1990

gyrB

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.D426N gyrB: p.R447L

Protein Change: D426N, R447L
Organisms: Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) subunit B GyrB
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

282

Single-channel studies of glutamate receptors.

PMID 1981887 · 1990

gyrB

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.R447K

Protein Change: R447K
Organisms: Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) subunit B GyrB
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

283

Diversity of moxifloxacin resistance during a nosocomial outbreak of a predominantly ribotype ARU 027 Clostridium difficile diarrhea.

PMID 19818865 · 2009

gyrB

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.E466K

Protein Change: E466K
Organisms: Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) subunit B GyrB
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

284

Association between double mutation in gyrA gene of ciprofloxacin-resistant clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and MICs.

PMID 7840592 · 1994

gyrB

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.K447E

Protein Change: K447E
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) subunit B GyrB
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

285

Dynamics of Mutations during Development of Resistance by Pseudomonas aeruginosa against Five Antibiotics.

PMID 27139485 · 2016

gyrB

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.Y421C gyrB: p.R438L

Protein Change: E468D
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) subunit B GyrB
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

286

Mechanisms of quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella: recent developments.

PMID 15848289 · 2005

gyrB

Mutation Information

Protein Change: Y421C, R438L
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) subunit B GyrB
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

287

Multiple resistance mechanisms in fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella isolates from Germany.

PMID 12760900 · 2003

gyrB

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S464F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) subunit B GyrB
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

288

Teaching cancer pain relief in China.

PMID 1471809 · 1992

gyrB

Mutation Information

gyrB: p.S464T gyrB: p.S464Y

Protein Change: S464F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) subunit B GyrB
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

289

A novel gyrB mutation in a fluoroquinolone-resistant clinical isolate of Salmonella typhimurium.

PMID 7590165 · 1995

gyrB

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S464T, S464Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA topoisomerase (ATP-hydrolyzing) subunit B GyrB
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

290

Constituents of peppers: IV. The hydrocarbons of pepper essential oil.

PMID 1270568 · 1976

gyrB

Mutation Information