Browse AMR Genes

Protein Change: A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium bovis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: experimental validation
Source Database: Reslit

Sequence analysis of the gyrA and parC homologues of a wild-type strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and its fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants.

PMID 10223929 · 1999

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: ReslitReference Gene Catalog

Topoisomerase sequences of coagulase-negative staphylococcal isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin or trovafloxacin.

PMID 10390214 · 1999

Mutation in gyrA codon 84 associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87H

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus simulans
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

Comparative in vitro activities of ciprofloxacin, clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and trovafloxacin against Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Enterobacter cloacae, and Enterobacter aerogenes clinical isolates with alterations in GyrA and ParC proteins.

PMID 10428935 · 1999

mutations in gyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83Y, S83F, S83I, D87Y, D87N, D87G, D87H
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: ReslitReference Gene Catalog

Fluoroquinolone resistance in Bacteroides fragilis following sparfloxacin exposure.

PMID 10471574 · 1999

A mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA was identified as the mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance in B. fragilis.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S89F

Protein Change: S89F
Organisms: Bacteroides fragilis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: susceptibility testing and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Ineffectiveness of topoisomerase mutations in mediating clinically significant fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli in the absence of the AcrAB efflux pump.

PMID 10602715 · 2000

Mutation in gyrA contributes to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87G
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|ciprofloxacin|trovafloxacin|sparfloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

An invasive isolate of Neisseria meningitidis showing decreased susceptibility to quinolones.

PMID 10799008 · 2000

Mutation in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) of the gyrA gene

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S81Y gyrA: p.S81F gyrA: p.S81L

Protein Change: D95N
Organisms: Neisseria meningitidis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Validation Method: PCR amplification and sequencing
Source Database: ReslitReference Gene Catalog

In vitro selection of resistance to clinafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and trovafloxacin in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 10991854 · 2000

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81Y, S81F, S81L
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: clinafloxacin|ciprofloxacin|trovafloxacin
Validation Method: sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

Activities of clinafloxacin, gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, and trovafloxacin against recent clinical isolates of levofloxacin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 11036007 · 2000

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|clinafloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

Antimicrobial resistance and bacterial identification utilizing a microelectronic chip array.

PMID 11230433 · 2001

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: anchored SDA with specific reporters
Source Database: Reslit

Quinolone resistance in Staphylococci: activities of new nonfluorinated quinolones against molecular targets in whole cells and clinical isolates.

PMID 11257024 · 2001

Mutations promoted from gene entry 'gyrA' (model emitted mutations_found inside genes).

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T83I gyrA: p.T82V

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: reduced potency of ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: mutant strain construction and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

gyrA Mutations Associated with Quinolone Resistance in Bacteroides fragilis Group Strains.

PMID 11408211 · 2001

Mutations at position 82 (Ser82Leu) were associated with high-level resistance to all quinolones tested.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S82L

Protein Change: S82L
Organisms: Bacteroides fragilis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin|clinafloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

Resistance to moxifloxacin in toxigenic Clostridium difficile isolates is associated with mutations in gyrA.

PMID 11451695 · 2001

Thirteen isolates showed the same nucleotide transition (ACT→ATT) resulting in a threonine→isoleucine change. In one isolate (1542), two nucleotide changes (ACT→GTT) resulted in a replacement of threonine by valine.

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I, T82V
Organisms: Clostridium difficile, Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: ReslitReference Gene Catalog

Efficacies of moxifloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and vancomycin against experimental endocarditis due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus expressing various degrees of ciprofloxacin resistance.

PMID 11600359 · 2001

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S85P

Protein Change: S85P
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of quinolone target genes
Source Database: Reslit

Emergence of reduced susceptibility and resistance to fluoroquinolones in Escherichia coli in Taiwan and contributions of distinct selective pressures.

PMID 11600360 · 2001

Single point mutations in gyrA are associated with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D107E gyrA: p.S83A gyrA: p.D87N

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Susceptibility patterns of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli associated with traveller's diarrhoea: emergence of quinolone resistance.

PMID 11699598 · 2001

Mutations in gyrA alone or in combination with parC were linked to nalidixic acid resistance.

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D107E, S83A, D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acidquinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Validation Method: molecular epidemiological characterisation
Source Database: ReslitReference Gene Catalog

Target preference of 15 quinolones against Staphylococcus aureus, based on antibacterial activities and target inhibition.

PMID 11709337 · 2001

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: selection with nadifloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

Bactericidal activities of BMS-284756, a novel Des-F(6)-quinolone, against Staphylococcus aureus strains with topoisomerase mutations.

PMID 11751133 · 2002

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: MIC and time-kill studies
Source Database: Reslit

Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from patients in North India.

PMID 11796356 · 2002

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.Y100D

Protein Change: S95T
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Role of active efflux in association with target gene mutations in fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae.

PMID 12121955 · 2002

Mutations in gyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I, Y100D
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: norfloxacin|ciprofloxacin|sparfloxacin|ofloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: ReslitReference Gene Catalog

gyrA and gyrB Mutations Are Implicated in Cross-Resistance to Ciprofloxacin and Moxifloxacin in Clostridium difficile.

PMID 12384345 · 2002

Clostridioides difficile gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003995

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D71V gyrA: p.T82I gyrA: p.A118T gyrA: p.T82V

Protein Change: D71V, T82I, A118T, T82V
Organisms: Clostridium difficile, Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|moxifloxacinfluoroquinolonesquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant; DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: ReslitCard DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

A multiresistant clone of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O118:[H16] is spread in cattle and humans over different European countries.

PMID 12450802 · 2002

Mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.L83F

Protein Change: L83F
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: nucleotide sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Genetic relatedness of levofloxacin-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from North America.

PMID 12791865 · 2003

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.E85K gyrA: p.P162T

Protein Change: S81F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Cefotaxime Acts Synergistically with Levofloxacin in Experimental Meningitis Due to Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococci and Prevents Selection of Levofloxacin-Resistant Mutants In Vitro.

PMID 12878509 · 2003

Mutations in gyrA contribute to levofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: E85K, P162T
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Mutation rate and evolution of fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from patients with urinary tract infections.

PMID 14506034 · 2003

Unknown phenotype if A196E occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with other gyrA mutations

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.A196E gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87H gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: S83L, A196E, D87G, D87H, D87N, D87Y
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: norfloxacin|ciprofloxacinnalidixic acid|ciprofloxacinquinolonesquinolones|triclosan
Effect on Function: mutations in gyrA confer resistance to fluoroquinolones; Target modification; DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: ReslitResFinder DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

Ciprofloxacin susceptibility of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from keratitis.

PMID 14507757 · 2003

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: c.A261G gyrA: c.TCC->CTC

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli strains from community-acquired urinary tract infections in Greece.

PMID 14706091 · 2004

Most frequent mutation

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: A261G, TCC->CTC
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacinciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing; mutation analysis
Source Database: Reslit

Fluoroquinolone resistance linked to GyrA, GyrB, and ParC mutations in Salmonella enterica typhimurium isolates in humans.

PMID 14718091 · 2003

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87N

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: nucleotide sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Ciprofloxacin treatment failure in typhoid fever case, Pakistan.

PMID 14720407 · 2003

Single point mutation in the quinolone-resistance-determining region (QRDR) of the topoisomerase gene gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D83N

Protein Change: D83N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Activities of garenoxacin against quinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in vitro and in a mouse pneumonia model.

PMID 14982762 · 2004

Mutation in gyrA leads to quinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S81Y

Protein Change: S81Y
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|garenoxacin|sparfloxacin|trovafloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica Typhimurium and Choleraesuis from pigs to humans, Taiwan.

PMID 15078598 · 2004

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87G, D87N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

Use of applied biosystems 7900HT sequence detection system and Taqman assay for detection of quinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID 15243093 · 2004

associated with ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: direct sequencing and real-time PCR
Source Database: Reslit

Suboptimal clinical response to ciprofloxacin in patients with enteric fever due to Salmonella spp. with reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility: a case series.

PMID 15380025 · 2004

Five isolates had this mutation.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Emergence and spread of three clonally related virulent isolates of CTX-M-15-producing Escherichia coli with variable resistance to aminoglycosides and tetracycline in a French geriatric hospital.

PMID 15388428 · 2004

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

Mutant prevention concentrations for single-step fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants of wild-type, efflux-positive, or ParC or GyrA mutation-containing Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates.

PMID 15388458 · 2004

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Fluoroquinolone resistance in Salmonella enterica serotype Choleraesuis, Taiwan, 2000-2003.

PMID 15498176 · 2004

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: mutation analysis
Source Database: Reslit

An unusually high level of quinolone resistance associated with type II topoisomerase mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions of Aeromonas caviae isolated from diarrhoeal patients.

PMID 15567276 · 2004

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Aeromonas caviae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin
Validation Method: nucleotide sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Incidence and mechanism of ciprofloxacin resistance in Campylobacter spp. isolated from commercial poultry flocks in the United Kingdom before, during, and after fluoroquinolone treatment.

PMID 15673754 · 2005

The Thr-86→Ile mutation in gyrA was the most common mutation associated with ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: DNA sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

Isolation and molecular characterization of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli from poultry litter.

PMID 15685943 · 2005

Single mutation at Ser83Leu or Asp87Asn associated with low-level resistance; double mutations at Ser83Leu and Asp87Asn associated with high-level resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S87R gyrA: p.A88P gyrA: p.S87F gyrA: p.D91Y gyrA: p.S87V

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and HinfI digestion
Source Database: Reslit

Activity of gemifloxacin against quinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae strains in vitro and in a mouse pneumonia model.

PMID 15728901 · 2005

Mutations in gyrA were associated with increased resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S81Y

Protein Change: S81Y
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: gemifloxacin|trovafloxacin|sparfloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of PCR-amplified DNA
Source Database: Reslit

Relationship between mutations in the gyrA gene and quinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Corynebacterium striatum and Corynebacterium amycolatum.

PMID 15855486 · 2005

mutations in the QRDR of the gyrA gene are associated with quinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87R, A88P, S87F, D91Y, S87V
Organisms: Corynebacterium amycolatum, Corynebacterium striatum
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacinciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

Biological cost of single and multiple norfloxacin resistance mutations in Escherichia coli implicated in urinary tract infections.

PMID 15917531 · 2005

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A119E

Protein Change: A119E
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: norfloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

Novel Ser79Leu and Ser81Ile Substitutions in the Quinolone Resistance-Determining Regions of ParC Topoisomerase IV and GyrA DNA Gyrase Subunits from Recent Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Clinical Isolates.

PMID 15917550 · 2005

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S81I

Protein Change: S81I
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin|gatifloxacin|gemifloxacin|garenoxacin|norfloxacin
Validation Method: introduction into R6 background and susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

Selection of cross-resistance following exposure of Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates to ciprofloxacin or cefepime.

PMID 15917569 · 2005

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T83I gyrA: p.D72G

Protein Change: T83I, D72G
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|garenoxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: ReslitReference Gene Catalog

Cephalosporin and ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella, Taiwan.

PMID 15963294 · 2005

Mutations in gyrA and parC contribute to ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Sequencing of QRDRs
Source Database: Reslit

Cultivation of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in liquid media and determination of its in vitro susceptibilities to quinolones.

PMID 16145072 · 2005

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|gatifloxacin|levofloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Horizontal transfer of fluoroquinolone resistance genes in Streptococcus pneumoniae

PMID 16189113 · 2003

Mutations in gyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81F, S81Y, E85K
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

Characterization of isolates of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium displaying high-level fluoroquinolone resistance in Japan.

PMID 16207965 · 2005

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.D87N

Protein Change: S83F, D87N, D87G
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequence analysis of the QRDRs of the gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE genes
Source Database: Reslit

Antimicrobial resistance types and genes in Salmonella enterica infantis isolates from retail raw chicken meat and broiler chickens on farms.

PMID 16416922 · 2006

Mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of gyrA contribute to nalidixic acid resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87Y, D87N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Genetic analysis of a multiresistant strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa producing PER-1 beta-lactamase.

PMID 16451415 · 2006

mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA and parC

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.T83I

Protein Change: S83L, T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

High-level ciprofloxacin resistance from point mutations in gyrA and parC confined to global hospital-adapted clonal lineage CC17 of Enterococcus faecium.

PMID 16517894 · 2006

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83R

Protein Change: S83R
Organisms: Enterococcus faecium
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of QRDRs
Source Database: Reslit

Clonal emergence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (CTX-M-2)-producing Salmonella enterica serovar Virchow isolates with reduced susceptibilities to ciprofloxacin among poultry and humans in Belgium and France (2000 to 2003).

PMID 16891509 · 2006

Single mutation in gyrA gene associated with reduced ciprofloxacin susceptibility.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Ciprofloxacin-resistant gram-negative bacilli in the fecal microflora of children.

PMID 17005812 · 2006

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of amplified DNA
Source Database: Reslit

Contribution of target gene mutations and efflux to decreased susceptibility of Salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium to fluoroquinolones and other antimicrobials.

PMID 17043131 · 2007

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87G
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: mutant construction and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

Fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella sp. in carcasses.

PMID 17080579 · 2006

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: experimental analysis of isolates
Source Database: Reslit

Outbreaks of multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in community hospitals in Japan.

PMID 17122009 · 2007

associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Pyrosequencing of the DNA gyrase gene in Neisseria species: effective indicator of ciprofloxacin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID 17207083 · 2006

Wild-type gyrA sequence is susceptible to ciprofloxacin

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S91T

Protein Change: S91T
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria lactamica, Neisseria subflava, Neisseria flavescens, Neisseria cinerea, Neisseria elongata, Neisseria mucosa, Neisseria sicca
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: pyrosequencing and MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

Impact of resistance selection and mutant growth fitness on the relative efficacies of streptomycin and levofloxacin for plague therapy.

PMID 17517837 · 2007

Mutations in gyrA were associated with reduced susceptibility to levofloxacin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Yersinia pestis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

International spread of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Schwarzengrund in food products.

PMID 17553251 · 2007

Single base substitution in gyrA gene at codon 83 (Ser→Phe) and 87 (Asp→Asn)

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Quinolone Resistance of Salmonella enterica Serovar Virchow Isolates from Humans and Poultry in Israel: Evidence for Clonal Expansion.

PMID 17596371 · 2007

The Asp87Tyr substitution was observed in all resistant isolates.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: pyrosequencing and sequencing of the gyrA amplicon
Source Database: Reslit

Subtle genetic changes enhance virulence of methicillin resistant and sensitive Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID 17986343 · 2007

The serine-containing GyrA protein confers resistance to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: L84S
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: SNP analysis
Source Database: Reslit

Interstrain gene transfer in Chlamydia trachomatis in vitro: mechanism and significance.

PMID 18083799 · 2008

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.Y83C

Protein Change: Y83C
Organisms: Chlamydia trachomatis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Human Salmonella and concurrent decreased susceptibility to quinolones and extended-spectrum cephalosporins.

PMID 18217551 · 2007

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84L gyrA: p.E88G gyrA: p.Q611L gyrA: p.E714K gyrA: p.T678A gyrA: p.S84A gyrA: p.S84W gyrA: p.S85A gyrA: p.E88K

Protein Change: D87N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Characterization of new staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) and topoisomerase genes in fluoroquinolone- and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius.

PMID 18305127 · 2008

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L, E88G, Q611L, E714K, T678A, S84A, S84W, S85A, E88K
Organisms: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: ReslitReference Gene Catalog

Whole-genome pyrosequencing of an epidemic multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain belonging to the European clone II group.

PMID 18411315 · 2008

Mutation in gyrA leads to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84L gyrA: c.T1560A

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: likely ascribed to the previously characterized mutation occurring in the gyrA gene, with a substitution of Ser for Leu at position 83 of its amino acid sequence
Validation Method: sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

In vitro evaluation of CBR-2092, a novel rifamycin-quinolone hybrid antibiotic: studies of the mode of action in Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID 18443108 · 2008

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Nucleotide Change: T1560A
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|gatifloxacin
Validation Method: mutant selection and genotypic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

Fluoroquinolone resistance in Clostridium difficile isolates from a prospective study of C. difficile infections in Europe.

PMID 18480338 · 2008

Thr82Ile was the most frequent amino acid change identified

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83A gyrA: p.Q106R

Protein Change: T82I
Organisms: Clostridium difficile
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin|ciprofloxacin|gatifloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: identification of amino acid substitution in gyrA
Source Database: Reslit

Novel quinolone resistance mutations of the Escherichia coli DNA gyrase A protein: enzymatic analysis of the mutant proteins.

PMID 1850970 · 1991

Mutant enzymes required 10 times more drug to inhibit reaction

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83A, Q106R
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Validation Method: enzymatic analysis of mutant proteins
Source Database: ReslitReference Gene Catalog

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from nosocomial outbreaks in Los Angeles County, California.

PMID 18524965 · 2008

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Correlation of antimicrobial resistance with beta-lactamases, the OmpA-like porin, and efflux pumps in clinical isolates of Acinetobacter baumannii endemic to New York City.

PMID 18591275 · 2008

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Antimalarial therapy selection for quinolone resistance among Escherichia coli in the absence of quinolone exposure, in tropical South America.

PMID 18648533 · 2008

Mutations in gyrA and parC were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR-sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Insights into the Environmental Resistance Gene Pool from the Genome Sequence of the Multidrug-Resistant Environmental Isolate Escherichia coli SMS-3-5

PMID 18708504 · 2008

Single amino acid substitutions in GyrA are sufficient for high-level nalidixic acid resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87E
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acidquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC test; mutational analysis and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

Effects of exposure of Clostridium difficile PCR ribotypes 027 and 001 to fluoroquinolones in a human gut model.

PMID 18710908 · 2009

Mutation present in both parent strains and resistant mutants.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T82I
Organisms: Clostridium difficile
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|moxifloxacin|levofloxacin
Effect on Function: confers resistance
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Genetic basis of multidrug resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates at a tertiary medical center in Pennsylvania.

PMID 18725452 · 2008

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Multiple regulatory pathways associated with high-level ciprofloxacin and multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis: involvement of ramA and other global regulators.

PMID 19104017 · 2009

Single mutation in all high-level nalidixic acid-resistant strains.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87N

Protein Change: D87Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: confers resistance
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Analysis of ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella strains from swine, chicken, and their carcasses in Taiwan and detection of parC resistance mutations by a mismatch amplification mutation assay PCR.

PMID 19205458 · 2009

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87G, D87N
Organisms: Salmonella
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

Spontaneous quinolone resistance in the zoonotic serovar of Vibrio vulnificus.

PMID 19218407 · 2009

Mutation in gyrA leads to quinolone resistance

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.S83R

Protein Change: S83I, S83R
Organisms: Vibrio vulnificus
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|oxolinic acid|fluoroquinolonesquinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Validation Method: sequencing of QRDRs and MIC determination
Source Database: ReslitReference Gene Catalog

Molecular analysis of the gyrA and gyrB quinolone resistance-determining regions of fluoroquinolone-resistant Clostridium difficile mutants selected in vitro.

PMID 19364867 · 2009

Clostridioides difficile gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003995

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T82I gyrA: p.A92E gyrA: p.A118S gyrA: p.T82A

Protein Change: T82I, A92E, A118S, T82A
Organisms: Clostridium difficile, Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin|levofloxacinfluoroquinolonesquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant; multiple resistance variants; DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Validation Method: MIC testing and sequencing
Source Database: ReslitCard DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

Molecular Diagnostic Technologies in Clinical Microbiology

PMID 19377839 · 2010

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: DNA microarray genotyping
Source Database: Reslit

Detection of point mutations associated with antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 19656662 · 2009

Mutations in codons 83 and 87 of gyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing and Pyrosequencing
Source Database: Reslit

A novel mechanism of transposon-mediated gene activation.

PMID 19834539 · 2009

Mutation in gyrA was shown to contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: mutant strain construction and susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

Genome analysis of multi- and extensively-drug-resistant tuberculosis from KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

PMID 19890396 · 2009

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A147G gyrA: p.S81A gyrA: p.S81F gyrA: p.S81Y gyrA: p.E85K gyrA: p.E85A gyrA: p.S82P

Protein Change: A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Comparative study of the mutant prevention concentrations of moxifloxacin, levofloxacin, and gemifloxacin against pneumococci.

PMID 20008781 · 2010

mutations in quinolone resistance-determining region associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A147G, S81A, S81F, S81Y, E85K, E85A, S82P
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin|levofloxacin|gemifloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Skin lesion caused by ST398 and ST1 MRSA, Spain.

PMID 20031071 · 2010

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

Genetic diversity of Salmonella enteric serovar typhi and paratyphi in Shenzhen, China from 2002 through 2007.

PMID 20113512 · 2010

Multiple substitutions observed, including Ser83→Phe, Ser83→Pro, Ser83→Tyr, Asp87→Gly, and Asp87→Asn.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Intrinsic fluoroquinolone resistance in Orientia tsutsugamushi.

PMID 20138477 · 2010

All 18 isolates from Laos and the two genome sequences (Boryong and Ikeda) showed the same mutation.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Orientia tsutsugamushi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of gyrA gene
Source Database: Reslit

Sublethal antibiotic treatment leads to multidrug resistance via radical-induced mutagenesis.

PMID 20159551 · 2010

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G82D

Protein Change: G82D
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: norfloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

In vitro antibacterial activities of JNJ-Q2, a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone.

PMID 20176911 · 2010

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR amplification and DNA sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

Fluoroquinolone-resistant typhoid, South Africa.

PMID 20409393 · 2010

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Bactericidal activity of besifloxacin against staphylococci, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae.

PMID 20435780 · 2010

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.N87I gyrA: p.N87Y gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.D91Y gyrA: p.R140K gyrA: p.V150A

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Distribution of gyrA mutations in fluoroquinolone-resistant Helicobacter pylori strains.

PMID 20458765 · 2010

Mutations in the gyrA gene were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87K, N87I, N87Y, D91N, D91G, D91Y, R140K, V150A
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Clostridium difficile Isolates Resistant to Fluoroquinolones in Italy: Emergence of PCR Ribotype 018

PMID 20554809 · 2010

Mutation in gyrA confers resistance to fluoroquinolones

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T82I
Organisms: Clostridium difficile
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin|ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|gatifloxacin
Validation Method: LightCycler assay and MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

In vitro synergism of ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime against nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella enterica serotypes Paratyphi A and Paratyphi B.

PMID 20566759 · 2010

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.A90V

Protein Change: S83Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Evaluation of the MTBDRsl test for detection of second-line-drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 20573868 · 2010

detected by MTBDRsl assay

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G, D94N, A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

The prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms in colonizing Escherichia coli isolates recovered from hospitalized patients.

PMID 20597679 · 2010

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87E
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Impact of recA on levofloxacin exposure-related resistance development.

PMID 20660686 · 2010

Additional mutations in gyrA (e.g., S84A, S84L, S84P, E88G, and E88K) were found in all the levofloxacin-resistant isolates.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S95T gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.R128S gyrA: p.Y129C

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of quinolone resistance determining regions
Source Database: Reslit

Emergence and molecular characterization of extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from the Delhi Region in India.

PMID 20713679 · 2010

Previously reported

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S95T, D94G, D94N, A90V, R128S, Y129C
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

Structural insights into the quinolone resistance mechanism of Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA gyrase.

PMID 20805881 · 2010

Mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDR) of GyrA and GyrB.

A90S mutation contributes to both intrinsic and acquired quinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G88A gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.N499D gyrA: p.T80A gyrA: p.A90S

Protein Change: G88A, A90V, D94A, D94G, D94N, N499D, T80A, A90S
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: mutant A90S contributes to both intrinsic and acquired quinolone resistance
Validation Method: structural and functional analysis; structural modeling and previous studies
Source Database: Reslit

Vibrio cholerae O1 variant with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin, Western Africa.

PMID 21029554 · 2010

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of PCR products
Source Database: Reslit

100

Empyema caused by MRSA ST398 with atypical resistance profile, Spain.

PMID 21192880 · 2011

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

101

Antimicrobial susceptibilities and molecular epidemiology of clinical isolates of Clostridium difficile in taiwan.

PMID 21263053 · 2011

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S81F gyrA: p.S81Y

Protein Change: T82I
Organisms: Clostridium difficile
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin|gemifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

102

Rapid pneumococcal evolution in response to clinical interventions.

PMID 21273480 · 2011

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81F, S81Y
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

103

Clonal spread of levofloxacin-resistant streptococcus pneumoniae invasive isolates in Madrid, Spain, 2007 to 2009.

PMID 21383091 · 2011

Present in 21 isolates

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81F, S81Y, E85K
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

104

In vitro and in vivo profiles of ACH-702, an isothiazoloquinolone, against bacterial pathogens.

PMID 21464250 · 2011

Mutation in gyrA (Ser84Leu) leads to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: MIC testing and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

105

Emergence of quinolone resistance and cephalosporin MIC creep in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from a cohort of young men in Kisumu, Kenya, 2002 to 2009.

PMID 21606224 · 2011

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.E67K gyrA: p.A67S gyrA: p.G81C gyrA: p.G81D gyrA: p.S83W gyrA: p.S83A gyrA: p.S83V gyrA: p.Q106H gyrA: p.Q106R gyrA: p.A84P

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR amplification
Source Database: Reslit

106

Quinolone resistance-determining region in the DNA gyrase gyrA gene of Escherichia coli.

PMID 2168148 · 1990

Mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of the gyrA gene cause quinolone resistance.

G81D mutation confers resistance to ciprofloxacin only. If G81D and D82G are present simultaneously, there is also nalidixic acid resistance

Unknown phenotype if Q106H occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with other gyrA mutations

Escherichia coli gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003294

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, E67K, A67S, G81C, G81D, S83W, S83A, S83V, Q106H, Q106R, A84P
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolonesnalidixic acidciprofloxacinnalidixic acid|ciprofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: Target modification; single resistance variant; DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Validation Method: nucleotide sequence analysis of mutants
Source Database: ReslitResFinder DatabaseCard DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

107

Emergence of quinolone resistance among extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in the Central African Republic: genetic characterization.

PMID 21867486 · 2011

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid|norfloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

108

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Shigella sonnei among men who have sex with men, Canada, 2010.

PMID 21888811 · 2011

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83R gyrA: p.E87K / c.GAG -> AAA

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: direct DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

109

SNP diversity of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium in a South East Queensland waterway, Australia, and associated antibiotic resistance gene profiles.

PMID 21910889 · 2011

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83R, E87K
Nucleotide Change: GAG -> AAA
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

110

Clonal population of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains reside within multiple lung cavities.

PMID 21935462 · 2011

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S94L

Protein Change: S94L
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genetic sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

111

First description of the qnrS-like (qnrS5) gene and analysis of quinolone resistance-determining regions in motile Aeromonas spp. from diseased fish and water.

PMID 22024339 · 2012

Mutations in QRDR of gyrA contribute to quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94H

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Aeromonas spp.
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

112

GenoType MTBDRsl for molecular detection of second-line-drug and ethambutol resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains and clinical samples.

PMID 22075597 · 2012

Mutations in gyrA were associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, S91P, D94A, D94N, D94Y, D94G, D94H
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: pyrosequencing; pyroseq
Source Database: Reslit

113

Comprehensive multicenter evaluation of a new line probe assay kit for identification of Mycobacterium species and detection of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 22205814 · 2012

Mutations in gyrA were associated with levofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.L511P gyrA: p.D516Y gyrA: p.H526S gyrA: p.W571G

Protein Change: L511P, D516Y, H526S, W571G
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: LiPA and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

114

Comparison of the prevalences and antimicrobial resistances of Escherichia coli isolates from different retail meats in the United States, 2002 to 2008.

PMID 22247155 · 2012

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T82I gyrA: p.D103N gyrA: p.Q123K gyrA: p.R90K gyrA: p.D81N gyrA: p.T82A gyrA: p.D71G gyrA: p.D71V

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

115

Characterizations of clinical isolates of clostridium difficile by toxin genotypes and by susceptibility to 12 antimicrobial agents, including fidaxomicin (OPT-80) and rifaximin: a multicenter study in Taiwan.

PMID 22508299 · 2012

Clostridioides difficile gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003995

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T82I, D103N, Q123K, R90K, D81N, T82A, D71G, D71V
Organisms: Clostridium difficile, Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin|ciprofloxacin|levofloxacinfluoroquinolonesquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant; DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Validation Method: partial sequencing of gyrA and gyrB genes after PCR amplification
Source Database: ReslitCard DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

116

Prominence of an O75 clonal group (clonal complex 14) among non-ST131 fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli causing extraintestinal infections in humans and dogs in Australia.

PMID 22526317 · 2012

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.S91T gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94A

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|moxifloxacin|enrofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR amplification and pyrosequencing
Source Database: Reslit

117

Characterization of gyrA and gyrB mutations and fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from Hubei Province, China.

PMID 22552454 · 2012

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, S91P, S91T, D94N, D94Y, D94G, D94A
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

118

Molecular characterization of multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Jiangxi, China.

PMID 22553245 · 2012

Includes the most prevalent mutation in gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T54A gyrA: p.T34I

Protein Change: D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

119

Drug-resistant tuberculosis transmission and resistance amplification within families.

PMID 22840848 · 2012

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T54A, T34I
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

120

Dominant incidence of multidrug and extensively drug-resistant specific Mycobacterium tuberculosis clones in Osaka Prefecture, Japan.

PMID 22952596 · 2012

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.T95T

Protein Change: D94A, T95T
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

121

Genetic markers of widespread extensively drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa high-risk clones.

PMID 23045355 · 2012

Mutations in gyrA contribute to high-level fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I, D87N
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

122

Global fluoroquinolone resistance epidemiology and implictions for clinical use.

PMID 23097666 · 2012

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S79N gyrA: p.S79I gyrA: p.S79R gyrA: p.S79Y

Protein Change: S91P
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

123

Characterization of recombinant fluoroquinolone-resistant pneumococcus-like isolates.

PMID 23114769 · 2013

Mutations in gyrA gene associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S79N, S79I, S79R, S79Y
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: phenotypic and genotypic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

124

Molecular evidence for the thriving of Campylobacter jejuni ST-4526 in Japan.

PMID 23144873 · 2012

Single base mutation in gyrA at Thr86 plays a role in increasing the resistance of nalidixic acid (NA) and fluoroquinolones in Campylobacter.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Effect on Function: increased resistance
Validation Method: disk diffusion test
Source Database: Reslit

125

Rapid identification of extensively and extremely drug resistant tuberculosis from multidrug resistant strains; using PCR-RFLP and PCR-SSCP.

PMID 23205246 · 2012

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR-SSCP and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

126

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli in Central Greece: mechanisms of resistance and molecular identification.

PMID 23259844 · 2012

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

127

Azithromycin and ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella bloodstream infections in Cambodian adults.

PMID 23272255 · 2012

Mutations in gyrA were associated with decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T83I gyrA: p.T83A

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Choleraesuis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

128

Quantitative contributions of target alteration and decreased drug accumulation to Pseudomonas aeruginosa fluoroquinolone resistance.

PMID 23274661 · 2013

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I, T83A
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Validation Method: introduction into reference strain PA14 and measurement of MIC
Source Database: ReslitReference Gene Catalog

129

Abrupt emergence of a single dominant multidrug-resistant strain of Escherichia coli.

PMID 23288927 · 2013

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87I gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.D91Y

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

130

Primary antibiotic resistance and associated mechanisms in Helicobacter pylori isolates from Senegalese patients.

PMID 23298145 · 2013

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87I, D91N, D91G, D91Y
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

131

Chromosomal and plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms among broad-spectrum-cephalosporin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates recovered from companion animals in the USA.

PMID 23302578 · 2013

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.S83I

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

132

Predicting antimicrobial susceptibilities for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates using whole genomic sequence data.

PMID 23722448 · 2013

associated with ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N, S83I
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic testing; observed in resistant isolates
Source Database: Reslit

133

Alterations of gyrA, gyrB, and parC and Activity of Efflux Pump in Fluoroquinolone-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii.

PMID 24159468 · 2011

Mutation in gyrA (S83L) was detected in all A. baumannii isolates studied.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|gemifloxacin|levofloxacin|norfloxacin|gatifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

134

Novel multiple mutations in the topoisomerase gene of Haitian variant Vibrio cholerae O1.

PMID 24867982 · 2014

Single mutation in the gyrA gene contributes to ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and molecular docking analysis
Source Database: Reslit

135

Dynamics of Mutations during Development of Resistance by Pseudomonas aeruginosa against Five Antibiotics.

PMID 27139485 · 2016

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

136

Dissimilar Fitness Associated with Resistance to Fluoroquinolones Influences Clonal Dynamics of Various Multiresistant Bacteria.

PMID 27458434 · 2016

This mutation was identified in C. difficile ribotype 027 strains and is associated with a minimal fitness cost.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.Q69W gyrA: p.F71S gyrA: p.S72P gyrA: p.M75L gyrA: p.S90C gyrA: p.M94L gyrA: p.H106P gyrA: p.N161H gyrA: p.T163A

Protein Change: T82I
Organisms: Clostridium difficile
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: increased fitness
Validation Method: experimental validation through propagation assays and genetic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

137

The Emergence of Quinolone Resistant Shigella sonnei, Pondicherry, India.

PMID 27494616 · 2016

Mutation Information

Protein Change: Q69W, F71S, S72P, M75L, S90C, M94L, H106P, N161H, T163A
Organisms: Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of QRDRs
Source Database: Reslit

138

Evaluation of MTBDRplus and MTBDRsl in Detecting Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in a Chinese Population.

PMID 27524852 · 2016

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.A91V

Protein Change: A90V, A91V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

139

GyrA ser83 and ParC trp106 Mutations in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Isolated from Typhoid Fever Patients in Tertiary Care Hospital.

PMID 27630841 · 2016

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.S83F

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

140

Molecular Surveillance Identifies Multiple Transmissions of Typhoid in West Africa.

PMID 27657909 · 2016

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83Y, S83F
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesciprofloxacin|ofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

141

Detection of Helicobacter pylori resistance to clarithromycin and fluoroquinolones in Brazil: A national survey.

PMID 27672279 · 2016

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.D91Y gyrA: p.N87K

Protein Change: D91N, D91G, D91Y, N87K
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: molecular test
Source Database: Reslit

142

Deciphering the Resistome of the Widespread Pseudomonas aeruginosa Sequence Type 175 International High-Risk Clone through Whole-Genome Sequencing.

PMID 27736752 · 2016

associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I, D87N
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: WGS and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

143

Antimicrobial Activity of Zabofloxacin against Clinically Isolated Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 27869677 · 2016

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.E85K

Protein Change: E85K
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

144

The variability and reproducibility of whole genome sequencing technology for detecting resistance to anti-tuberculous drugs.

PMID 28003022 · 2016

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94A

Protein Change: D94A
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and confirmation by Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

145

Comparative Genome Analysis and Global Phylogeny of the Toxin Variant Clostridium difficile PCR Ribotype 017 Reveals the Evolution of Two Independent Sublineages.

PMID 28031436 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T82I
Organisms: Clostridium difficile
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: SNP analysis and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

146

Molecular drug susceptibility testing against the first-line (rifampin and isoniazid) and second-line (ciprofloxacin-amikacin and kanamycin) treatment in different subtypes of Mycobacterium simiae.

PMID 28043563 · 2016

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S95T
Organisms: Mycobacterium simiae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: molecular drug susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

147

Characteristics of Quinolone Resistance in Escherichia coli Isolates from Humans, Animals, and the Environment in the Czech Republic.

PMID 28119674 · 2016

Common mutation in quinolone-resistant isolates

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

148

Efficacy of 1st-line bismuth-containing quadruple therapies with levofloxacin or clarithromycin for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori infection: A 1-week, open-label, randomized trial.

PMID 28207505 · 2017

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S87L

Protein Change: S87L
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: genotyping
Source Database: Reslit

149

Novel Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitors with Potent Broad-Spectrum Activity against Drug-Resistant Bacteria.

PMID 28223393 · 2017

Mutations in gyrA confer resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.R38L

Protein Change: R38L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: disruption of DNA gyrase function
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

150

Within-host whole genome analysis of an antibiotic resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strain sub-type in cystic fibrosis.

PMID 28273168 · 2017

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D99N gyrA: p.D99Y gyrA: p.D99G

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

151

Within-Host Evolution of Burkholderia pseudomallei during Chronic Infection of Seven Australasian Cystic Fibrosis Patients.

PMID 28400528 · 2017

GyrA Y77S mutation contributes to ciprofloxacin resistance.

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.Y77S

Protein Change: Y77S
Organisms: Burkholderia pseudomallei
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Validation Method: genomic analysis and MIC testing
Source Database: ReslitReference Gene Catalog

152

Increasing Macrolide and Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Mycoplasma genitalium.

PMID 28418319 · 2017

GyrA changes (at M95 or D99) occurred at a frequency of 5.0% (7/140) but could not be correlated with treatment outcome because they occurred concurrently with S83 changes in ParC.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D99N, D99Y, D99G
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of sample
Source Database: Reslit

153

Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: Role of Efflux Pumps and Mutations

PMID 28496433 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing and mutation analysis
Source Database: Reslit

154

Antimicrobial susceptibility testing before first-line treatment for Helicobacter pylori infection in patients with dual or triple antibiotic resistance.

PMID 28566898 · 2017

Mutations in gyrA gene associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S87L

Protein Change: S87L
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

155

Impact of gyrB and eis Mutations in Improving Detection of Second-Line-Drug Resistance among Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Georgia.

PMID 28630205 · 2017

most common mutation

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84F gyrA: p.S84Y gyrA: p.S80F gyrA: p.S80Y

Protein Change: A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: MTBDR sl V1 testing and targeted DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

156

Interactions between Quinolones and Bacillus anthracis Gyrase and the Basis of Drug Resistance.

PMID 28708938 · 2017

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S85L

Protein Change: S85L
Organisms: Bacillus anthracis, E. coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: DNA cleavage assay
Source Database: Reslit

157

Identification of Major Sequence Types among Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis Strains Isolated from Infected Eyes and Healthy Conjunctiva.

PMID 28824564 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84F, S84Y, S80F, S80Y
Organisms: Staphylococcus epidermidis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin|gatifloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

158

Resistance mechanisms and fitness of Salmonella Typhimurium and Salmonella Enteritidis mutants evolved under selection with ciprofloxacin in vitro.

PMID 28831084 · 2017

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G81D gyrA: p.D87A

Protein Change: G81D, D87A
Organisms: Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

159

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Subculture Results in Loss of Potentially Clinically Relevant Heteroresistance

PMID 28893776 · 2017

Selected for in subculture

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.V90M

Protein Change: D94G, V90M
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: ultradep sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

160

Quinolone Resistance Reversion by Targeting the SOS Response.

PMID 29018116 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Mutation identification and susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

161

In vivo selection of a multidrug-resistant Aeromonas salmonicida during medicinal leech therapy.

PMID 29204282 · 2018

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G81D gyrA: p.Y86N gyrA: p.Q106L

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Aeromonas salmonicida
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

162

The Versatile Mutational Resistome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 29681898 · 2018

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: G81D, Y86N, Q106L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesquinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Validation Method: experimental data generated in this study
Source Database: ReslitReference Gene Catalog

163

Mutations in gyrB play an important role in ciprofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 30804676 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T83I gyrA: p.G81C

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

164

A Large-Scale Whole-Genome Comparison Shows that Experimental Evolution in Response to Antibiotics Predicts Changes in Naturally Evolved Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 31570397 · 2019

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I, G81C
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: mutations in gyrA confer resistance to ciprofloxacin; DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and experimental evolution
Source Database: ReslitReference Gene Catalog

165

Hypermutator Pseudomonas aeruginosa Exploits Multiple Genetic Pathways To Develop Multidrug Resistance during Long-Term Infections in the Airways of Cystic Fibrosis Patients.

PMID 32071060 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87G
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

166

WGS-Based Prediction and Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni Isolates From Israel.

PMID 32903472 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: AMRFinderPlus analysis
Source Database: Reslit

167

Genomic and Long-Term Transcriptomic Imprints Related to the Daptomycin Mechanism of Action Occurring in Daptomycin- and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Under Daptomycin Exposure.

PMID 32922373 · 2020

Mutation in gyrA gene leading to reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and molecular characterization
Source Database: Reslit

168

DNA Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV Mutations and their effect on Quinolones Resistant Proteus mirabilis among UTIs Patients.

PMID 32968386 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T86I gyrA: p.D90N gyrA: p.T86A

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Proteus mirabilis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

169

Prediction of antimicrobial resistance in clinical Campylobacter jejuni isolates from whole-genome sequencing data.

PMID 32974772 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I, D90N, T86A
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acidnalidixic acid
Effect on Function: mutations in the DNA gyrase A (GyrA) region at multiple positions
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

170

Comprehensive Determination of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria From Targeted Capture Sequencing.

PMID 32984073 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S95T
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

171

A Multidrug-resistant Monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium Co-harboring mcr-1, fosA3, bla (CTX-M-14) in a Transferable IncHI2 Plasmid from a Healthy Catering Worker in China.

PMID 33116676 · 2020

Detected in the strain YZU1189

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Effect on Function: quinolone resistance
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing analysis
Source Database: Reslit

172

Snapshot Study of Whole Genome Sequences of Escherichia coli from Healthy Companion Animals, Livestock, Wildlife, Humans and Food in Italy.

PMID 33172096 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83A gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.D87N

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

173

A Multifactorial Approach for Surveillance of Shigella spp. and Entero-Invasive Escherichia coli Is Important for Detecting (Inter)national Clusters.

PMID 33193150 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83A, S83L, D87G, D87Y, D87N
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: In silico resistance profiling and phenotypic resistance correlation; genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

174

Evaluation of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Clinical Avian Pathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Flanders (Belgium).

PMID 33198103 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR, gel electrophoresis, and gene sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

175

Susceptibility Trends of Zoliflodacin against Multidrug-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Clinical Isolates in Nanjing, China, 2014 to 2018.

PMID 33318010 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

176

Genome-based characterization of Escherichia coli causing bloodstream infection through next-generation sequencing.

PMID 33362261 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: ResFinder 2.1
Source Database: Reslit

177

Novel Molecular Markers Linked to Pseudomonas aeruginosa Epidemic High-Risk Clones.

PMID 33401446 · 2021

associated with high-risk clones

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I, D87N
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|ciprofloxacinciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: chi-square test; chi-square test for independence
Source Database: Reslit

178

Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases in Human Isolates of Multidrug-Resistant Non-typhoidal Salmonella enterica.

PMID 33414769 · 2020

associated with quinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

179

Identification of drug resistance mutations among Mycobacterium bovis lineages in the Americas.

PMID 33591982 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium bovis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole_genome_sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

180

Comparative genomics of ST5 and ST30 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus sequential isolates recovered from paediatric patients with cystic fibrosis.

PMID 33599606 · 2021

mutation in isolates

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87T gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.N87I gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.D91Y gyrA: p.D91N

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic assays
Source Database: Reslit

181

Phenotypic and Genotypic Antibiotic Resistance Patterns in Helicobacter pylori Strains From Ethnically Diverse Population in México.

PMID 33643927 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87T, N87K, N87I, D91G, D91Y, D91N
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

182

High Risk Clone: A Proposal of Criteria Adapted to the One Health Context with Application to Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in the Pig Population.

PMID 33671102 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N652H gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.S80I

Protein Change: N652H, S83L, S80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: gene detection in isolates
Source Database: Reslit

183

The Impact of Selected Bacterial Sexually Transmitted Diseases on Pregnancy and Female Fertility.

PMID 33671616 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

184

A platform for detecting cross-resistance in antibacterial drug discovery.

PMID 33755133 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.A90V

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: norfloxacin
Validation Method: PCR amplification and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

185

The DnaK Chaperone System Buffers the Fitness Cost of Antibiotic Resistance Mutations in Mycobacteria.

PMID 33785614 · 2021

Fluoroquinolone resistance-conferring mutations in gyrA show no fitness defect in the absence of DnaJ1 or DnaJ2.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91P, D94G, A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium smegmatis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: competition experiments and fitness assays
Source Database: Reslit

186

Genetic but No Phenotypic Associations between Biocide Tolerance and Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli from German Broiler Fattening Farms.

PMID 33801066 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84L gyrA: p.E88K

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

187

Clonal Lineages, Antimicrobial Resistance, and PVL Carriage of Staphylococcus aureus Associated to Skin and Soft-Tissue Infections from Ambulatory Patients in Portugal.

PMID 33804851 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L, E88K
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

188

Escherichia coli GyrA Tower Domain Interacts with QnrB1 Loop B and Plays an Important Role in QnrB1 Protection from Quinolone Inhibition.

PMID 33846132 · 2021

Mutations in the tower domain of GyrA reduce QnrB1-mediated protection from quinolone inhibition.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.R293A

Protein Change: R293A
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: site-specific photo-cross-linking combined with mass spectrometry
Source Database: Reslit

189

Microevolution of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Subpopulations and Heteroresistance in a Patient Receiving 27 Years of Tuberculosis Treatment in Germany.

PMID 33903103 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

190

Occurrence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Molecular Characterization of Campylobacter spp. in Intensive Pig Production in South Africa.

PMID 33917115 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87G / c.A261G gyrA: p.D87N / c.G260A

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

191

Phylogenomic Investigation of Increasing Fluoroquinolone Resistance among Belgian Cases of Shigellosis between 2013 and 2018 Indicates Both Travel-Related Imports and Domestic Circulation.

PMID 33917583 · 2021

Mutations in gyrA are associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87G, D87N
Nucleotide Change: A261G, G260A
Organisms: Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing; whole genome sequencing and phenotypic resistance testing
Source Database: Reslit

192

Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from a Cystic Fibrosis Patient

PMID 33922748 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I, D87N
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Whole-genome sequencing and functional analysis
Source Database: Reslit

193

Genomic Identification of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Virchow Monophasic Variant Causing Human Septic Arthritis.

PMID 33947106 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella Virchow
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

194

Antibiotic tolerance, persistence, and resistance of the evolved minimal cell, Mycoplasma mycoides JCVI-Syn3B.

PMID 33997676 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.E257K

Protein Change: E257K
Organisms: Mycoplasma mycoides
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome analysis
Source Database: Reslit

195

A global resource for genomic predictions of antimicrobial resistance and surveillance of Salmonella Typhi at pathogenwatch.

PMID 34001879 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.L96P gyrA: p.R309Q gyrA: p.H368Q gyrA: p.R392C gyrA: p.R495H gyrA: p.S95T

Protein Change: S83F, D87N, D87G
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

196

Computational modeling and bioinformatic analyses of functional mutations in drug target genes in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 34025934 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, S91P, D94G, D94A, D94N, D94Y, L96P, R309Q, H368Q, R392C, R495H, S95T
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesofloxacin|moxifloxacin|ciprofloxacin|levofloxacinofloxacin|moxifloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: computational analysis; molecular docking and structural analysis; molecular docking and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

197

Distribution of fluoroquinolone resistance determinants in Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates associated with bloodstream infections in China.

PMID 34078263 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87A

Protein Change: S83I, S83F, D87G, D87A
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and nucleotide sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

198

Characterization of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from Black-headed gulls (Larus ridibundus) present in the city of Novi Sad, Serbia.

PMID 34142260 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

199

Shared and Unique Evolutionary Trajectories to Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogens.

PMID 34154405 · 2021

Mutations in gyrA are responsible for ciprofloxacin resistance in E. coli, A. baumannii, and P. aeruginosa.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87Y, S83L, D87G, D87N, T83I, A119E, G121D, S81L, S84L, E88K, N334Y, S87L, V460G, S464F, S464Y, L128P, S466F, S457C, G121P, D82G
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: experimental characterization of genotype-to-phenotype associations; clone isolation and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

200

High-throughput sequencing reveals genetic determinants associated with antibiotic resistance in Campylobacter spp. from farm-to-fork.

PMID 34166472 · 2021

Mutations in the QRDR of gyrA confer resistance to quinolones.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

201

Core Genome MLST for Source Attribution of Campylobacter coli.

PMID 34326828 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.S83A gyrA: p.D87N

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: C. coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: AMRFinder analysis
Source Database: Reslit

202

The Pheno- and Genotypic Characterization of Porcine Escherichia coli Isolates.

PMID 34442755 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, S83A, D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: The gyrA and parC sequences of 13.72% ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates were analyzed and revealed mutations that resulted in the following amino acid substitutions: 10.78% of the isolates had a Ser83Leu; The gyrA and parC sequences of 13.72% ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates were analyzed and revealed mutations that resulted in the following amino acid substitutions: one isolate a Ser83Ala; The gyrA and parC sequences of 13.72% ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates were analyzed and revealed mutations that resulted in the following amino acid substitutions: another 10.78% of isolates an Asp87Asn substitution in gyrA
Source Database: Reslit

203

Prevalence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in a Chinese multidrug-resistant TB cohort after redefinition.

PMID 34446095 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94H gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94V gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P

Protein Change: D94A, D94N, D94G, D94H, D94Y, D94V, A90V, S91P
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

204

The rise and the fall of a Pseudomonas aeruginosa endemic lineage in a hospital.

PMID 34473016 · 2021

mutation in gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.S83R gyrA: p.V61A gyrA: p.H129Q gyrA: p.C66R gyrA: p.V60A

Protein Change: T83I
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

205

Antimicrobial Resistance in Chlamydia trachomatis: Mechanisms and Mutations

PMID 34479551 · 2023

Mutations in gyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in C. trachomatis.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I, S83R, V61A, H129Q, C66R, V60A
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing; sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

206

Molecular Characteristics, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Biofilm Formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Patients with Aural Infections in Shanghai, China.

PMID 34522106 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.T83I

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

207

Genomic surveillance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the Philippines, 2013-2014.

PMID 34540307 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N, D87Y, T83I
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic prediction and phenotypic testing
Source Database: Reslit

208

Antimicrobial resistance and genomic characterization of Salmonella Dublin isolates in cattle from the United States.

PMID 34547028 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87G
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

209

Multidrug-Resistant Lineage of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli ST182 With Serotype O169:H41 in Airline Waste.

PMID 34557175 · 2021

The S83L mutation in gyrA confers resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic screening
Source Database: Reslit

210

The role of Gene Mutations (gyrA, parC) in Resistance to Ciprofloxacin in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa.

PMID 34567192 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR-sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

211

Emergence of novel strains of Shigella flexneri associated with sexual transmission in adult men in England, 2019-2020.

PMID 34665107 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

212

Use of Molecular Methods To Detect Shigella and Infer Phenotypic Resistance in a Shigella Treatment Study.

PMID 34669456 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.L83F

Protein Change: L83F
Organisms: Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: qPCR and phenotypic susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

213

International High-Risk Clones Among Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

PMID 34671331 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

214

Genomic epidemiology of persistently circulating MDR Shigella sonnei strains associated with men who have sex with men (MSM) in Belgium (2013-19).

PMID 34673959 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.N87I gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.D91Y

Protein Change: S83L, D87G
Organisms: Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: WGS and lab testing
Source Database: Reslit

215

Development and Validation of Multiplex Quantitative PCR Assay for Detection of Helicobacter pylori and Mutations Conferring Resistance to Clarithromycin and Levofloxacin in Gastric Biopsy.

PMID 34675558 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87K, N87I, D91N, D91Y
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: multiplex qPCR
Source Database: Reslit

216

Integrating the Human and Animal Sides of Mycoplasmas Resistance to Antimicrobials.

PMID 34680797 · 2021

Mutations in gyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G81R gyrA: p.V83F gyrA: p.I84V gyrA: p.I87N gyrA: p.E81K gyrA: p.E83K gyrA: p.E84K gyrA: p.E87K gyrA: p.M95I gyrA: p.D99N

Protein Change: G81R, V83F, I84V, I87N, E81K, E83K, E84K, E87K, M95I, D99N
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

217

Molecular Epidemiology, Antimicrobial Surveillance, and PK/PD Analysis to Guide the Treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Infections.

PMID 34683991 · 2021

Mutations in the gyrA gene contribute to ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S91F gyrA: p.D95A gyrA: p.D95G gyrA: p.D95N

Protein Change: S91F, D95A, D95G, D95N
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

218

Transmission Dynamics of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Sequence Type 11 Strains Carrying Capsular Loci KL64 and rmpA/rmpA2 Genes.

PMID 34690977 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87G
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

219

Multidrug Resistance Dynamics in Salmonella in Food Animals in the United States: An Analysis of Genomes from Public Databases.

PMID 34704804 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S91F gyrA: p.D95G gyrA: p.D95A gyrA: p.D95Y

Protein Change: D87Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: Genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

220

The antimicrobial resistance landscape of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in New Zealand from November 2018 to March 2019 and the role of sexual orientation in transmission.

PMID 34755593 · 2021

Mutations in gyrA contribute to resistance to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F, D95G, D95A, D95Y
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: gene detection and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

221

Phylogenetic Analysis Reveals Distinct Evolutionary Trajectories of the Fluoroquinolones-Resistant Escherichia coli ST1193 From Fuzhou, China.

PMID 34803966 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N, S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

222

Molecular Detection of Fluoroquinolone Resistance among Multidrug-, Extensively Drug-, and Pan-Drug-Resistant Campylobacter Species in Egypt.

PMID 34827280 · 2021

Chromosomal mutation in the QRDR of the gyrA gene

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR-RFLP and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

223

Genotypic Diversity of Ciprofloxacin Nonsusceptibility and Its Relationship with Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations in Nontyphoidal Salmonella Clinical Isolates in Taiwan.

PMID 34827321 · 2021

Detected in 53.8% of isolates

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87G

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

224

The Evolution of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Salmonella under Exposure to Sub-Inhibitory Concentration of Enrofloxacin.

PMID 34830098 · 2021

mutations in QRDR region

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83Y, S83F, D87G
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Effect on Function: mutations in QRDR region
Validation Method: sequencing and mutation analysis
Source Database: Reslit

225

Identification of CTX-M Type ESBL E. coli from Sheep and Their Abattoir Environment Using Whole-Genome Sequencing.

PMID 34832635 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N, S83L
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

226

Systematic Evaluation of Whole-Genome Sequencing Based Prediction of Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli.

PMID 34867917 · 2021

Confers resistance to quinolones

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: genotype-phenotype correlation
Source Database: Reslit

227

Phylogenomics of two ST1 antibiotic-susceptible non-clinical Acinetobacter baumannii strains reveals multiple lineages and complex evolutionary history in global clone 1.

PMID 34874246 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

228

Comparison of Drug Resistance of Helicobacter pylori Between Children and Adults in Jilin, China.

PMID 34876391 · 2021

Detected in children with peptic ulcers

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D91Y

Protein Change: D91Y
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR-RDB and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

229

Genomic Characterization of Extensively Drug-Resistant NDM-Producing Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates With the Emergence of Novel bla (ADC-257).

PMID 34880837 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.S83L / c.G248T gyrA: p.D87E / c.G261A

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and analysis
Source Database: Reslit

230

Mutational Diversity in the Quinolone Resistance-Determining Regions of Type-II Topoisomerases of Salmonella Serovars.

PMID 34943668 · 2021

Common mutation in S. Typhi and other Salmonella serovars.

Mutations in gyrA are common in quinolone-resistant Salmonella isolates.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87G, D87N, D87Y, S83Y, S83I, S83L, D87E
Nucleotide Change: G248T, G261A
Organisms: Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Typhimurium
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: confers resistance
Validation Method: literature review; sequencing and MIC testing; association with increased MICs of ciprofloxacin; PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

231

Whole-Genome Sequencing-Based Antimicrobial Resistance Characterization and Phylogenomic Investigation of 19 Multidrug-Resistant and Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Positive Escherichia coli Strains Collected From Hospital Patients in Benin in 2019.

PMID 34956117 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

232

Genomic Relatedness, Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Traits of Campylobacter jejuni HS19 Isolates From Cattle in China Indicate Pathogenic Potential.

PMID 34956150 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acidciprofloxacin
Validation Method: in silico identification; predicted in 62.3% of cattle isolates
Source Database: Reslit

233

The Evolutionary Trend and Genomic Features of an Emerging Lineage of Elizabethkingia anophelis Strains in Taiwan.

PMID 35044198 · 2022

associated with ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Elizabethkingia anophelis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: associated with ciprofloxacin resistance
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

234

Rapid Detection of Quinolone Resistance Mutations in gyrA of Helicobacter pylori by Real-Time PCR.

PMID 35056007 · 2022

Mutations in the quinolone-resistance-determining region (QRDR) of the gyrA gene confer resistance to quinolones.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87K
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|gatifloxacin
Validation Method: melting curve analysis and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

235

Genomic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. from humans and livestock in Nigeria.

PMID 35073916 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94N

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: in silico identification of genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance
Source Database: Reslit

236

Whole-genome sequencing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis for prediction of drug resistance.

PMID 35086603 · 2022

Mutations in gyrA were associated with ofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G, A90V, D94A, D94N
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic resistance testing
Source Database: Reslit

237

Acquired resistome and plasmid sequencing of mcr-1 carrying MDR Enterobacteriaceae from poultry and their relationship to STs associated with humans.

PMID 35156029 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

238

Correlation between Phenotypic and In Silico Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella enterica in Canada Using Staramr.

PMID 35208747 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87A

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: Genotypic detection via Staramr and phenotypic AST
Source Database: Reslit

239

Diversity in the Characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae ST101 of Human, Environmental, and Animal Origin.

PMID 35222344 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83Y, D87N, D87G, D87A
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: genotypic data from WGS and antibiotic susceptibility testing; presence in strains
Source Database: Reslit

240

Molecular Epidemiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Strains in Urban and Slum Settings of Nairobi, Kenya.

PMID 35328028 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

241

A Descriptive Analysis of Urinary ESBL-Producing-Escherichia coli in Cerdanya Hospital.

PMID 35336064 · 2022

associated with ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.Q83L gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.L454M gyrA: p.T881M

Protein Change: S83L
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

242

Role of Efflux in Antibiotic Resistance of Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Achromobacter insuavis Isolates From Patients With Cystic Fibrosis.

PMID 35418957 · 2022

Mutations in QRDR of gyrA associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: Q83L, D87N, L454M, T881M
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

243

Characterization of Mutations in DNA Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV in Field Strains and In Vitro Selected Quinolone-Resistant Mycoplasma hyorhinis Mutants.

PMID 35453245 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A83V

Protein Change: A83V
Organisms: Mycoplasma hyorhinis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: point mutation analysis
Source Database: Reslit

244

In Vitro Activity of Delafloxacin and Finafloxacin against Mycoplasma hominis and Ureaplasma Species.

PMID 35532225 · 2022

mutations in quinolone resistance determining region

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S153L gyrA: p.S153A

Protein Change: S153L, S153A
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

245

Occurrence and Genomic Characterization of Clone ST1193 Clonotype 14-64 in Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infections Caused by Escherichia coli in Spain.

PMID 35604206 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|norfloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

246

Emergence of multi-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Niger: A snapshot based on whole-genome sequencing.

PMID 35613072 · 2022

Detected in M. tuberculosis Z229 (other, sub-lineage 4.6.2.2 Cameroon).

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.S83I

Protein Change: S95T
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: mapping of sequencing reads
Source Database: Reslit

247

Immunosuppression broadens evolutionary pathways to drug resistance and treatment failure during Acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia in mice.

PMID 35618774 · 2022

The gyrA (A117E) mutation contributes to increased ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A117E

Protein Change: A117E
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and MIC assays
Source Database: Reslit

248

Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Characteristics of Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates in Kenya by Whole-Genome Sequencing.

PMID 35631066 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87N, S83I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

249

A Survey of Helicobacter pylori Antibiotic-Resistant Genotypes and Strain Lineages by Whole-Genome Sequencing in China.

PMID 35652644 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.N87Y gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.D91G

Protein Change: N87K, N87Y, D91N, D91G
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic testing
Source Database: Reslit

250

Susceptibility-guided bismuth quadruple therapies for resistant Helicobacter pylori infections.

PMID 35692608 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.N91D

Protein Change: N87K, N91D
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

251

Antibiotic Minimal Selective Concentrations and Fitness Costs during Biofilm and Planktonic Growth.

PMID 35695458 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: mutant characterization
Source Database: Reslit

252

Whole-genome sequencing of two multidrug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from a neonatal intensive care unit in Egypt: a prospective cross-sectional study.

PMID 39306657 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81L
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing; experimental validation
Source Database: Reslit

253

Transmission of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Jiangxi, China, and associated risk factors.

PMID 39356166 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G, A90V
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

254

Prevalence and molecular characteristics of carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from dogs in South Korea.

PMID 39363655 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.N87I gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.D91Y gyrA: p.L87F gyrA: p.L91F

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing analysis
Source Database: Reslit

255

Whole-genome sequencing analyses and antibiotic resistance situation of 48 Helicobacter pylori strains isolated in Zhejiang, China.

PMID 39444024 · 2024

point mutation

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87K, N87I, D91G, D91N, D91Y, L87F, L91F
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacinclarithromycin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and agar dilution; WGS and susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

256

Genotypic Diversity among Salmonella Typhi Isolated from Children Living in Informal Settlements in Nairobi, Kenya.

PMID 39483419 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83Y
Organisms: Salmonella Typhi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Whole genome sequencing and antibiotic susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

257

Antimicrobial Resistance in Wastewater Samples from Kumasi, Ghana: A Genomic and Metagenomic Analysis

PMID 39516432 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.D87G

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: experimental validation via MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

258

Genome and antibiotic resistance characteristics of Shigella clinical isolates in Fujian Province, Southeast China, 2005-2019.

PMID 39565081 · 2024

Mutations in gyrA and parC contribute to quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N, D87Y, D87G
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: mutation analysis
Source Database: Reslit

259

Antibiotic resistant bacteria survive treatment by doubling while shrinking.

PMID 39565111 · 2024

This mutation was found in eight of the nine evolutionary experiments.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.S83T gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.S83W gyrA: p.D87N

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Whole-genome sequencing and MIC assays
Source Database: Reslit

260

Molecular mechanisms impact on fluoroquinolone resistance among E.coli from enteric carriage monitoring before prostate biopsy and earliest description of qnrB81.

PMID 39592650 · 2024

Mutations in the QRDR of gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, S83T, S83Y, S83W, D87N
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: molecular characterization and sequencing; Sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

261

Deciphering the genomic character of the multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Dhaka, Bangladesh.

PMID 39628721 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

262

Genomic and virulent characterization of a duck-associated Salmonella serovar Potsdam from China.

PMID 39693960 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G83R

Protein Change: G83R
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

263

Meningococcal C Disease Outbreak Caused by Multidrug-Resistant Neisseria meningitidis, Fiji.

PMID 39714270 · 2025

All 23 strains were found to contain the gyrA point mutation T91I.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D95H gyrA: p.D95G gyrA: p.Q90L / c.C269T gyrA: p.G94D / c.G280A gyrA: p.G94V / c.G280T gyrA: p.L91P / c.T271C

Protein Change: T91I
Organisms: Neisseria meningitidis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

264

Potential of nanopore sequencing for tuberculosis diagnosis and drug resistance detection.

PMID 39731145 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D95H, D95G, Q90L, G94D, G94V, L91P
Nucleotide Change: C269T, G280A, G280T, T271C
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: nanopore sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

265

Genetic variability in Neisseria meningitidis strains isolated in a Japanese hospital.

PMID 39835185 · 2025

Levofloxacin resistance was observed in two isolates carrying the T91I mutation in the gyrA protein.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: T91I
Organisms: Neisseria meningitidis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

266

Detection of antimicrobial resistance in Glaesserella parasuis in South China using whole-genome sequencing.

PMID 39839106 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83Y, D87N, S83F, D87Y
Organisms: Glaesserella parasuis
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

267

Clinical and Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain characteristics of tuberculosis patients with diabetes mellitus in Changping District, Beijing, China.

PMID 39844060 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S95F

Protein Change: S95F
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and drug susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

268

Study of fluoroquinolones resistance in rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis patients in Beijing: Characteristics, trends, and treatment outcomes.

PMID 39909871 · 2025

Assoc w R

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G88C

Protein Change: G88C
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

269

Evaluation of the Allplex NG & DR assay for molecular prediction of ciprofloxacin and azithromycin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID 39930296 · 2025

The S91F mutation in gyrA is associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Molecular detection via NG & DR assay and SYBR-Green assay
Source Database: Reslit

270

Comprehensive genomic insights into a highly pathogenic clone ST656 of mcr8.1 containing multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae from Bangladesh.

PMID 39966674 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

271

Prevalence and genetic characteristics of Campylobacter jejuni from laying-hens in Hubei Province, China.

PMID 39987068 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83Y

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic resistance gene prediction
Source Database: Reslit

272

Molecular epidemiology of Salmonella Enteritidis in humans and animals in Spain.

PMID 40029002 · 2025

associated with quinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87Y, D87N, S83F, S83Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: genotype-phenotype correlation; whole-genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

273

Effects of different mechanisms on antimicrobial resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: a strategic system for evaluating antibiotics against gram-negative bacteria.

PMID 40042282 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G83I gyrA: p.G87G

Protein Change: T83I, D87N
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|norfloxacin|ofloxacin|gatifloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

274

Resistome and virulome determination in Helicobacter pylori using next-generation sequencing with target-enrichment technology.

PMID 40042287 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D91Y

Protein Change: D91Y
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: endpoint PCR and Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

275

Carbapenem-Resistant, Virulence Plasmid-Harboring Klebsiella pneumoniae, United States.

PMID 40072602 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: G83I, G87G
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis
Source Database: Reslit

276

Multi-drug resistance and compensatory mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Vietnam.

PMID 40078052 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

277

Combination therapy delays antimicrobial resistance after adaptive laboratory evolution of Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID 40084881 · 2025

Mutations in gyrA were associated with high-level ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.M95L gyrA: p.D99N

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: decreased binding affinity of ciprofloxacin to its target
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

278

Phenotypic and Genotypic Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Flavobacterium psychrophilum and Flavobacterium branchiophilum Isolated From Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Slovenia.

PMID 40126039 · 2025

Associated with quinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T83A

Protein Change: T83A
Organisms: Flavobacterium psychrophilum
Confers Resistance To: oxolinic acid|enrofloxacin
Validation Method: genotypic AMR profiling
Source Database: Reslit

279

JMM Profile: Mycoplasma genitalium: a small, yet significant pathogen.

PMID 40183779 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: M95L, D99N
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: association with fluoroquinolone resistance
Source Database: Reslit

280

Antimicrobial Resistance and Genomic Characterization of Salmonella Isolated from Pigeons in China.

PMID 40303054 · 2024

Mutations in quinolone resistance-determining region

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87N
Organisms: Salmonella Typhimurium
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic mutations conferring quinolone resistance were detected in 26 (81.25%) isolates, and two single mutations of the gyrA gene were observed: gyrA (D87N) ( n = 18) and gyrA (S83F) ( n = 8)
Source Database: Reslit

281

Successful Transition to Whole-Genome Sequencing and Bioinformatics to Identify Invasive Streptococcus spp. Drug Resistance, Alaska, USA.

PMID 40359083 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.S83Y

Protein Change: S81L
Organisms: Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic testing
Source Database: Reslit

282

A global atlas and drivers of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella during 1900-2023.

PMID 40382325 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87Y, D87N, S83Y
Organisms: Salmonella
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: analysis of publicly available data of 208,233 Salmonella genomes
Source Database: Reslit

283

Antibiotic resistance and population structure of Staphylococcus epidermidis from prosthetic joint infections in Sweden and France.

PMID 40459065 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.S91P

Protein Change: S81F
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic assessment
Source Database: Reslit

284

Nanopore-based targeted sequencing (NTS) for drug-resistant tuberculosis: an integrated tool for personalized treatment strategies and guidance for new drug development.

PMID 40596923 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G, S91P
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: targeted sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

285

Species Distribution, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Enterotoxin Profiles of Non-aureus Staphylococci Isolated from Poultry Slaughterhouses in Korea.

PMID 40657521 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84L gyrA: p.D84N

Protein Change: S84L, D84N
Organisms: Staphylococcus agnetis, Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staphylococcus arlettae, Staphylococcus lentus, Staphylococcus simulans
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing analysis
Source Database: Reslit

286

Unveiling the Genetic Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Salmonella Population From 2016 to 2020 in Thai Canal Water.

PMID 40748775 · 2025

Double amino acid substitutions in both positions of GyrA (S83F, D87N) and ParC (T57S, S80I) were observed in only S. Kentucky ST198 strains.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: S83F, S83Y, D87G, D87N, D87Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing; observed in S. Kentucky strains
Source Database: Reslit

287

Surveillance and analysis of drug resistance and drug resistance levels in multidrug resistant tuberculosis on the tropical islands of China.

PMID 40750855 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.A94V

Protein Change: D94G, A94V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

288

Whole-genome sequencing and machine learning reveal key drivers of delayed sputum conversion in rifampicin-resistant tuberculosis.

PMID 40851801 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

289

Antimicrobial Resistance Genotypes and Mobile Genetic Elements of Poultry-Derived Escherichia coli: A Retrospective Genomic Study from the United States.

PMID 40872236 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: resistance
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

290

Antimicrobial resistance and plasmid-associated virulence genes in Salmonella isolated from pigs, pork, and humans in border provinces of Thailand and neighboring countries.

PMID 40895049 · 2025

Mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region of gyrA leads to resistance to nalidixic acid.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87Y
Organisms: Salmonella Enteritidis
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: WGS analysis and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

291

Quinolone resistance in Riemerella anatipestifer from Thai ducks: Mutation analysis of gyrA, parC, and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes.

PMID 40926860 · 2025

35 isolates

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Riemerella anatipestifer
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin|enrofloxacin
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

292

Prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and virulence profiles of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from companion animals in Sapporo, Japan.

PMID 40958562 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.S107F

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

293

Navigating an evolving microbial landscape: emerging antimicrobial resistance trends and precision stewardship in Tianjin tertiary hospitals (2021-2023).

PMID 40989184 · 2025

Mutations in gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance in various bacterial species.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, S107F
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

294

Prevalence and genetic characteristics of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in wild birds in Japan.

PMID 40993086 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S63P gyrA: p.G85A gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.N87Y gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.R130K gyrA: p.V150A

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

295

Analysis of antimicrobial resistance patterns and genetic mutations in Helicobacter pylori from West Bengal, India depicting escalating clarithromycin and high levofloxacin resistance.

PMID 40999474 · 2025

novel mutation

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S63P, G85A, N87K, N87Y, D91N, D91G, R130K, V150A
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

296

Resistance Mechanisms of Fluoroquinolone in Escherichia coli Isolated from Taihe Black-Boned Silky Fowl Exhibiting Abnormally Slow Fluoroquinolone Metabolism in Jiangxi, China.

PMID 41009933 · 2025

The GyrA-S83Q mutation was reported as novel in this study.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.S83Q

Protein Change: S83L, D87N, S83Q
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: flumequine|moxifloxacin|enrofloxacin|ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin|levofloxacinciprofloxacin|moxifloxacin|enrofloxacin|flumequine|norfloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

297

Epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens in pediatric sinus infections: a retrospective study at a Japanese otolaryngology clinic (2023-2025).

PMID 41031116 · 2025

Mutations in gyrA were associated with reduced susceptibility to levofloxacin in H. influenzae isolates.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G81D

Protein Change: G81D
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

298

Genomic epidemiology and the evolution of erm(B)-mediated macrolide resistance in Campylobacter.

PMID 41060691 · 2025

Confers resistance to quinolones

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

299

Impeding pathways of intrinsic resistance in Escherichia coli confers antibiotic sensitization and resistance proofing.

PMID 41124183 · 2025

gyrA mutation leads to nalidixic acid resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D82G

Protein Change: D82G
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: genetic screen
Source Database: Reslit

300

Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis of Drug-Resistant Salmonella Typhi in Children.

PMID 41156578 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

301

Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Salmonella enterica in the broiler supply chain in Harare, Zimbabwe: tracking transmission from farm to table.

PMID 41191012 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S81L gyrA: p.E85G gyrA: p.E85V gyrA: p.E151V gyrA: p.A363T gyrA: p.G882S

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

302

Genomic insights into ST85 and ST158 belonging to recently emerged global clones of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates from Egypt: in vitro assessment of repurposed drug-antibiotic combinations.

PMID 41241719 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81L, E85G, E85V, E151V, A363T, G882S
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

303

In Vitro Activity of Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim, Amikacin, Oxazolidinones, Fluoroquinolones and Fidaxomicin against Isolates of Nocardia.

PMID 41244472 · 2025

The Ser83Ala mutation in gyrA was associated with reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility in N. cyriacigeorgica and N. abscessus.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83A

Protein Change: S83A
Organisms: Nocardia cyriacigeorgica, Nocardia abscessus
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

304

Genomic characterisation of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky ST198 isolates from various sources in Algeria, North Africa.

PMID 41288468 · 2025

Mutation in the quinolone-resistance-determining region of the gyrA gene

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

305

Verapamil Suppresses the Development of Resistance Against Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs in Mycobacteria.

PMID 41303606 · 2025

The mutation was identified in moxifloxacin-resistant colonies.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium smegmatis
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

306

Genomic diversity and antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio cholerae isolates from Africa: a PulseNet Africa initiative using nanopore sequencing to enhance genomic surveillance.

PMID 41369527 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: detected in 88% of O1 isolates
Source Database: Reslit

307

Cost of Altered Translation Accuracy Shapes Adaptation to Antibiotics in E. coli.

PMID 41406172 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A261G gyrA: p.A261T gyrA: p.T260A gyrA: p.A271T gyrA: p.G272A

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

308

Comparative molecular profiling of Helicobacter pylori infection and antibiotic genotypic resistance in paired gastric mucosa, gastric juice, and stool samples.

PMID 41422268 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A261G, A261T, T260A, A271T, G272A
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: qPCR
Source Database: Reslit

309

Activities of the Novel Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitor OSUAB-0284 against the Biothreat Pathogen Bacillus anthracis and Its Type II Topoisomerases.

PMID 41430688 · 2026

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S85L

Protein Change: S85L
Organisms: Bacillus anthracis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: activity against fluoroquinolone-resistant gyrase
Source Database: Reslit

310

Prevalence and genetic basis of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli carriage in broiler farms in the United Arab Emirates.

PMID 41445590 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: D87N, S83L, D87Y
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

311

Spread of dual-class drug-resistant Mycoplasma genitalium in Tokyo, Japan, 2023-2025.

PMID 41468547 · 2026

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.M95I gyrA: p.D99N

Protein Change: M95I, D99N
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

312

Genomic insights into antibiotic resistance, virulence traits and phylogenetic lineages of 141 clinical Helicobacter pylori isolates from Eastern China.

PMID 41561082 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.A84P gyrA: p.A84V gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.D87N

Protein Change: N87K
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacinlev
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing; statistical analysis of genetic variants and MIC values
Source Database: Reslit

313

Association between double mutation in gyrA gene of ciprofloxacin-resistant clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and MICs.

PMID 7840592 · 1994

Double mutation at Ser83 and Asp87 enhances ciprofloxacin resistance

Unknown phenotype if A84P or A84V occur alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with other gyrA mutations

Escherichia coli gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003294

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, A84P, A84V, D87Y, D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acidnalidixic acid|ciprofloxacinfluoroquinolonesquinolones
Effect on Function: Target modification; multiple resistance variants; DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: ReslitResFinder DatabaseCard DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

314

Topoisomerase IV is a target of quinolones in Escherichia coli.

PMID 8524852 · 1995

Mutations in gyrA contribute to quinolone resistance in E. coli.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87X gyrA: p.S83W gyrA: p.S83A gyrA: p.S83V gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87H gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: mutant analysis
Source Database: Reslit

315

Contributions of individual mechanisms to fluoroquinolone resistance in 36 Escherichia coli strains isolated from humans and animals.

PMID 8891148 · 1996

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87X, S83W, S83A, S83V, D87G, D87H, D87N, D87Y
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinnalidixic acid|ciprofloxacinquinolonesquinolones|triclosan
Effect on Function: Target modification; DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: ReslitResFinder DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

316

Contribution of mutations in gyrA and parC genes to fluoroquinolone resistance of mutants of Streptococcus pneumoniae obtained in vivo and in vitro.

PMID 8913454 · 1996

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G81D gyrA: p.D82G

Protein Change: S84F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: transformation of S. pneumoniae CP1000 with gyrA fragment
Source Database: Reslit

317

A novel, double mutation in DNA gyrase A of Escherichia coli conferring resistance to quinolone antibiotics.

PMID 8980760 · 1997

The presence of Asp82Gly or Gly81Asp alone led to low-level resistance to fluoroquinolones but not to nalidixic acid resistance. When both mutations were present, resistance to both nalidixic acid and fluoroquinolones was expressed.

D82G mutation confers resistance to ciprofloxacin only. If D82G and G81D are present simultaneously, there is also nalidixic acid resistance

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: G81D, D82G
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|fluoroquinolonesciprofloxacinnalidixic acid|ciprofloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: Target modification; DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Validation Method: introduction into plasmid pJSW102 and transformation into E. coli KNK453 (gyrAts)
Source Database: ReslitResFinder DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

318

In vitro development of resistance to five quinolones and amoxicillin-clavulanate in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 10223932 · 1999

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.E87K

Protein Change: S83F, E87K
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|grepafloxacin|levofloxacin|sparfloxacin|trovafloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

319

Activities of trovafloxacin compared with those of other fluoroquinolones against purified topoisomerases and gyrA and grlA mutants of Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID 10428901 · 1999

mutation in gyrA gene

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84L gyrA: p.G81C gyrA: p.S87F

Protein Change: S84L, G81C, S87F
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|sparfloxacin|pefloxacinfluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: confers resistance
Validation Method: selection of mutants and MIC testing; mutant selection and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

320

Contribution of topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase mutations in Streptococcus pneumoniae to resistance to novel fluoroquinolones.

PMID 10428926 · 1999

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S114G

Protein Change: S114G
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: transformation and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

321

Incidence of quinolone resistance over the period 1986 to 1998 in veterinary Salmonella isolates from Germany.

PMID 10471579 · 1999

Mutations in gyrA were associated with quinolone resistance in Salmonella isolates.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Salmonella enterica, Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Hadar, Salmonella Paratyphi, Salmonella Saintpaul
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|enrofloxacin
Validation Method: agar diffusion test and MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

322

Sparfloxacin selects gyrase mutations in first-step Mycoplasma hominis mutants, whereas ofloxacin selects topoisomerase IV mutations.

PMID 10508030 · 1999

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Mycoplasma hominis
Confers Resistance To: sparfloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

323

Detection of Decreased Fluoroquinolone Susceptibility in Salmonellas and Validation of Nalidixic Acid Screening Test

PMID 10523554 · 1999

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, S83Y, D87N, D87G, D87Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

324

Engineering the specificity of antibacterial fluoroquinolones: benzenesulfonamide modifications at C-7 of ciprofloxacin change its primary target in Streptococcus pneumoniae from topoisomerase IV to gyrase.

PMID 10639357 · 2000

Mutation in gyrA confers resistance to fluoroquinolones in S. pneumoniae.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S91F gyrA: p.D95N

Protein Change: S81F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: selection of first-step mutants and DNA sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

325

Antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and high prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates in Japan, 1993 to 1998.

PMID 10655338 · 2000

Mutations in gyrA contribute to ciprofloxacin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F, D95N
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and direct DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

326

Activities and postantibiotic effects of gemifloxacin compared to those of 11 other agents against Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis.

PMID 10681330 · 2000

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

327

Molecular mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from cystic fibrosis patients.

PMID 10681343 · 2000

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

328

Non-Target Gene Mutations in the Development of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Escherichia coli.

PMID 10722475 · 2000

Mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84L gyrA: p.E88K

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: nucleotide sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

329

Induction of fibronectin-binding proteins and increased adhesion of quinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by subinhibitory levels of ciprofloxacin.

PMID 10817688 · 2000

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L, E88K
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

330

Molecular basis of high-level ciprofloxacin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains isolated in Denmark from 1995 to 1998.

PMID 11120953 · 2001

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.S83Y

Protein Change: S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

331

Use of a LightCycler gyrA mutation assay for rapid identification of mutations conferring decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin in multiresistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium DT104 isolates.

PMID 11283069 · 2001

Mutations in gyrA confer decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin in multiresistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium DT104 isolates.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N, D87G, S83F, D87Y, S83Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinnalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Validation Method: LightCycler GAMA assay; DNA sequencing
Source Database: ReslitResFinder Database

332

Sub-inhibitory concentrations of vancomycin prevent quinolone-resistance in a penicillin-resistant isolate of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 11454238 · 2001

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S784Y gyrA: p.S84L gyrA: p.R530H

Protein Change: S81F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: trovafloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

333

A sequence variant of Staphylococcus hominis with a high prevalence of oxacillin and fluoroquinolone resistance.

PMID 11763241 · 2001

Sequence variation in gyrA was associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G81R

Protein Change: G81R
Organisms: Staphylococcus hominis
Confers Resistance To: oxacillin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing of clinical isolates
Source Database: Reslit

334

Dual targeting of DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV: target interactions of garenoxacin (BMS-284756, T-3811ME), a new desfluoroquinolone.

PMID 12384338 · 2002

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S784Y, S84L, R530H
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: genetic experiments
Source Database: Reslit

335

Energy-dependent accumulation of norfloxacin and porin expression in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and relationship to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production.

PMID 12435697 · 2002

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of quinolone resistance-determining regions
Source Database: Reslit

336

Molecular epidemiology of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing, fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Taiwan.

PMID 12454169 · 2002

Mutations in gyrA were associated with quinolone resistance in K. pneumoniae isolates.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87G
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|gatifloxacin|gemifloxacin|garenoxacin
Validation Method: experimental data from the study
Source Database: Reslit

337

Life-threatening infantile diarrhea from fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica typhimurium with mutations in both gyrA and parC.

PMID 12604000 · 2003

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

338

Fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter jejuni isolates in travelers returning to Finland: association of ciprofloxacin resistance to travel destination.

PMID 12604004 · 2003

Mutations in gyrA were associated with ciprofloxacin resistance in Campylobacter jejuni isolates.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S87F

Protein Change: S87F
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

339

Mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance is an important factor in determining the antimicrobial effect of gemifloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model.

PMID 12604547 · 2003

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: gemifloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: experimental validation
Source Database: Reslit

340

Patterns of resistance associated with integrons, the extended-spectrum beta-lactamase SHV-5 gene, and a multidrug efflux pump of Klebsiella pneumoniae causing a nosocomial outbreak.

PMID 12624046 · 2003

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83Y
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

341

Genetic and Phenotypic Variations of a Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Epidemic Clone.

PMID 12760863 · 2003

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR amplification and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

342

Antimicrobial susceptibility and serotype distribution of Streptococcus pneumoniae and molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant serotype 19F, 6B, and 23F Pneumococci in northern Thailand.

PMID 12958244 · 2003

Mutation in gyrA gene associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: fluoroquinolone resistance in pneumococci
Source Database: Reslit

343

Epidemiology of nalidixic acid resistance and TEM-1- and TEM-52-mediated ampicillin resistance of Shigella sonnei isolates obtained in Korea between 1980 and 2000.

PMID 14638472 · 2003

Single point mutation in the QRDR of gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

344

Levofloxacin treatment failure in Haemophilus influenzae pneumonia.

PMID 14718097 · 2003

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94H gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94N

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Haemophilus influenzae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|ciprofloxacin|moxifloxacin|gatifloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing and susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

345

Multiplex PCR amplimer conformation analysis for rapid detection of gyrA mutations in fluoroquinolone-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates.

PMID 14742214 · 2004

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, S91P, D94G, D94H, D94Y, D94A, D94N
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|levofloxacin|sparfloxacin
Validation Method: multiplex PCR amplimer conformation analysis and nucleotide sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

346

Laboratory detection of Haemophilus influenzae with decreased susceptibility to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin due to GyrA and ParC mutations.

PMID 15004073 · 2004

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Haemophilus influenzae
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

347

Characterization of multiple-antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from diseased chickens and swine in China.

PMID 15297487 · 2004

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin|difloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing of quinolone resistance-determining regions
Source Database: Reslit

348

Levofloxacin-resistant invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States: evidence for clonal spread and the impact of conjugate pneumococcal vaccine.

PMID 15328116 · 2004

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

349

Increasing prevalence of quinolone resistance in human nontyphoid Salmonella enterica isolates obtained in Spain from 1981 to 2003.

PMID 15388435 · 2004

Mutations in gyrA contribute to quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

350

Evolution of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in In Vitro Pharmacokinetic Environments

PMID 15561851 · 2004

Mutation detected in gyrA QRDR

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: nucleotide sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

351

Enhanced in vivo fitness of fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter jejuni in the absence of antibiotic selection pressure.

PMID 15634738 · 2005

The C257T mutation in gyrA confers high-level fluoroquinolone resistance and enhances in vivo fitness of Campylobacter jejuni.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: pairwise competition experiments and genetic transformation
Source Database: Reslit

352

Alterations in DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV in resistant mutants of Clostridium perfringens found after in vitro treatment with fluoroquinolones.

PMID 15673722 · 2005

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87Y
Organisms: Clostridium perfringens
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin|gatifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of resistant mutants
Source Database: Reslit

353

Clonal Expansion May Account for High Levels of Quinolone Resistance in Salmonella enterica Serovar Enteritidis

PMID 15870349 · 2005

The G259T mutation in the gyrA gene was responsible for nalidixic acid resistance in most isolates.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S80Y gyrA: p.S80F gyrA: p.E84K gyrA: p.A116P gyrA: p.P144S

Protein Change: D87Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: PCR amplification and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

354

Pharmacodynamic modeling of the evolution of levofloxacin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID 15917512 · 2005

Mutations in gyrA confers resistance to levofloxacin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S80Y, S80F, E84K, A116P, P144S
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

355

Epidemiologic relationship between fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Choleraesuis strains isolated from humans and pigs in Taiwan (1997 to 2002).

PMID 15956400 · 2005

Mutations in gyrA were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|enrofloxacin|norfloxacin
Effect on Function: mutations in gyrA were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

356

Treatment failure in a typhoid patient infected with nalidixic acid resistant S. enterica serovar Typhi with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin: a case report from Cameroon.

PMID 15969764 · 2005

Mutation in gyrA was suggested as a possible cause of reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.S95T gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94H

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: disc diffusion test and MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

357

Evaluation of a new line probe assay for rapid identification of gyrA mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 15980370 · 2005

associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, S91P, S95T, D94A, D94N, D94G, D94H
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|sparfloxacin|gatifloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: line probe assay and nucleotide sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

358

Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Proteus mirabilis isolates from retail meat products.

PMID 16013378 · 2005

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Proteus mirabilis, Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

359

Mutation at the "Exit Gate" of the Salmonella Gyrase A Subunit Suppresses a Defect in the Gyrase B Subunit.

PMID 16166547 · 2005

Mutation in the gyrA gene partially suppresses the supercoiling defect caused by the gyrB651 mutation

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T467S

Protein Change: T467S
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: experimental validation via sequencing and phenotypic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

360

Reduced levofloxacin susceptibility and tetracycline resistance in a clinical isolate of Haemophilus quentini identified by 16S rRNA sequencing.

PMID 16208027 · 2005

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Haemophilus quentini
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

361

Nonmolecular test for detection of low-level resistance to fluoroquinolones in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 16436712 · 2006

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81F, S81Y, E85K
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|ciprofloxacin|sparfloxacin
Validation Method: disk diffusion test
Source Database: Reslit

362

Molecular analysis of fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella Paratyphi A isolate, India.

PMID 16704790 · 2006

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87G
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: PCR amplification and direct DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

363

Molecular characterization of increasing fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates in Canada, 1997 to 2005.

PMID 17088485 · 2007

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: full gene sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

364

Increase in nalidixic acid resistance among non-Typhi Salmonella enterica isolates in the United States from 1996 to 2003.

PMID 17088493 · 2007

Mutations in gyrA were found in all ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

365

Rapid detection of point mutations conferring resistance to fluoroquinolone in gyrA of Helicobacter pylori by allele-specific PCR.

PMID 17122023 · 2007

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: N87K
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: gatifloxacin
Validation Method: allele-specific PCR
Source Database: Reslit

366

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella Kentucky in travelers.

PMID 17176589 · 2006

Mutations in gyrA lead to ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87G, D87N, D87Y
Organisms: Salmonella Kentucky
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

367

Genetic and phenotypic characterization of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Hong Kong.

PMID 17360809 · 2007

Detected in multiple isolates

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.T95A

Protein Change: D94G, T95A
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR-SSCP/MPAC and nucleotide sequencing; sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

368

Molecular characterization of Neisseria gonorrhoeae identifies transmission and resistance of one ciprofloxacin-resistant strain.

PMID 17367469 · 2007

Two nonsynonymous SNPs in the QRDR of the gyrA gene, Ser91 and Asp95.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S81L gyrA: p.S114G

Protein Change: S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: pyrosequencing of QRDR of the gyrA gene
Source Database: Reslit

369

Fluoroquinolone resistance in atypical pneumococci and oral streptococci: evidence of horizontal gene transfer of fluoroquinolone resistance determinants from Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 17548487 · 2007

Mutations in gyrA were associated with levofloxacin resistance in S. oralis and S. mitis.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81L, S114G
Organisms: Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus mitis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR-RF-SSCP and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

370

Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of Salmonella enterica serotype typhi in eastern Nepal.

PMID 17615907 · 2007

Mutations in gyrA were associated with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Disc-diffusion and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

371

Antimicrobial drug resistance of Salmonella enterica serovar typhi in asia and molecular mechanism of reduced susceptibility to the fluoroquinolones.

PMID 17908946 · 2007

Double amino acid substitutions in gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

372

Characteristics of non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from human and broiler-chickens in southwestern Seoul, Korea.

PMID 17982221 · 2007

Mutations in gyrA were associated with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87E gyrA: p.D87H gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

373

High-level fluoroquinolone resistance in ophthalmic clinical isolates belonging to the species Corynebacterium macginleyi.

PMID 18077650 · 2008

Mutations in the QRDRs of the gyrA gene were responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance in Corynebacterium macginleyi.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87E, D87H, D87N, D87Y
Organisms: Corynebacterium macginleyi
Confers Resistance To: norfloxacinciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: Etest MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

374

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria meningitidis, Delhi, India.

PMID 18258023 · 2007

The mutation at position 91 (Thr-91 → Ile) is responsible for decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T91I
Organisms: Neisseria meningitidis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing of DNA gyrase A quinolone-resistance–determining region
Source Database: Reslit

375

Mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region in Staphylococcus epidermidis recovered from conjunctiva and their association with susceptibility to various fluoroquinolones.

PMID 18460536 · 2008

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84F
Organisms: Staphylococcus epidermidis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|gatifloxacin|moxifloxacin|tosufloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

376

The trials of the returning traveler: ciprofloxacin failure in enteric fever.

PMID 19108546 · 2008

Mutation in gyrA led to ciprofloxacin failure despite MIC being below resistance cutoff.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Salmonella paratyphi
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genetic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

377

Genomic analysis of an emerging multiresistant Staphylococcus aureus strain rapidly spreading in cystic fibrosis patients revealed the presence of an antibiotic inducible bacteriophage.

PMID 19144117 · 2009

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S81F gyrA: p.S81Y gyrA: p.S114G

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: chromosomal mutation and gene characterization
Source Database: Reslit

378

Molecular characterization of emerging non-levofloxacin-susceptible pneumococci isolated from children in South Africa.

PMID 19261799 · 2009

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81F, S81Y, S114G
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

379

Sequence analyses of just four genes to detect extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients undergoing treatment.

PMID 19470506 · 2009

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94H gyrA: p.D94Y

Protein Change: A90V, S91P, D94G, D94N, D94A, D94H, D94Y
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

380

Changes in fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae after 7-valent conjugate vaccination, Spain.

PMID 19523289 · 2009

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G79A gyrA: p.S81V gyrA: p.E85G gyrA: p.V101I

Protein Change: G79A, S81V, E85G, V101I
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Sequencing of transformants
Source Database: Reslit

381

Positive epistasis drives the acquisition of multidrug resistance.

PMID 19629166 · 2009

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.A51V gyrA: p.A67S gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.G81C gyrA: p.Q106H gyrA: p.D82A gyrA: p.A84P gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: D87G
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: competition assay
Source Database: Reslit

382

Novel approach for comparing the abilities of quinolones to restrict the emergence of resistant mutants during quinolone exposure.

PMID 19805561 · 2010

Mutations in gyrA were identified as key determinants of quinolone resistance in E. coli.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, A51V, A67S, D87N, G81C, Q106H, D82A, A84P, D87Y
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: mutant selection and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

383

Comparison of the metabolic activities of four wild-type Clostridium perfringens strains with their gatifloxacin-selected resistant mutants.

PMID 19855959 · 2009

Mutation in DNA gyrase gene

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.G81C / c.G243T

Protein Change: G81C
Organisms: Clostridium perfringens
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

384

Repression of invasion genes and decreased invasion in a high-level fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella typhimurium mutant.

PMID 19946377 · 2009

Mutations in QRDR of gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, G81C
Nucleotide Change: G243T
Organisms: Salmonella typhimurium
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acidciprofloxacin|norfloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequencing of PCR products
Source Database: Reslit

385

Prevalence, resistance mechanisms, and susceptibility of multidrug-resistant bloodstream isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 20086165 · 2010

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T83I gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87G

Protein Change: T83I, D87N, D87G
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

386

Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Streptococcus dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis and Evidence for a Shared Global Gene Pool with Streptococcus pyogenes.

PMID 20145082 · 2010

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81F
Organisms: Streptococcus dysgalactiae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

387

Genetic basis of multidrug resistance in Acinetobacter clinical isolates in Taiwan.

PMID 20194701 · 2010

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

388

In vitro selection of resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. at in vivo fluoroquinolone concentrations.

PMID 20409341 · 2010

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94N

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp.
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|ciprofloxacin|prulifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of gyrA gene
Source Database: Reslit

389

Comparative study on genotypic and phenotypic second-line drug resistance testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates.

PMID 20554815 · 2010

mutations detected in 7 strains

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, S91P, D94G, D94A, D94N
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: genotypic assay
Source Database: Reslit

390

An imported enteric fever caused by a quinolone-resistant Salmonella Typhi.

PMID 20622350 · 2010

Point mutation in the gyrA gene leading to quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Salmonella Typhi
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: in vitro susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

391

Genotype and antibiotic resistance analyses of Campylobacter isolates from ceca and carcasses of slaughtered broiler flocks.

PMID 20709846 · 2010

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.C257T

Protein Change: C257T
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

392

Should moxifloxacin be used for the treatment of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis? An answer from a murine model.

PMID 20805388 · 2010

Mutations in gyrA were associated with increased MICs for fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.L249R gyrA: p.R1400L

Protein Change: A90V, D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: mutations in the gyrA and/or gyrB subunit of DNA gyrase lead to fluoroquinolone resistance
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

393

Utility of antibiotic resistance in chlamydial genetics, recombination & transformation

PMID 20860486 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: L249R, R1400L
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacinrifampicin
Validation Method: sequencing of recombinant genomes
Source Database: Reslit

394

Molecular characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: functional analysis of gyrA mutation at position 74.

PMID 20956608 · 2011

The gyrA Ala74Ser mutation was identified as a novel mutation associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A74S

Protein Change: A74S
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: The gyrA Ala74Ser mutation confers fluoroquinolone resistance.
Validation Method: functional analysis of the DNA supercoiling inhibitory activity of fluoroquinolones against the recombinant gyrase
Source Database: Reslit

395

Selective advantage of resistant strains at trace levels of antibiotics: a simple and ultrasensitive color test for detection of antibiotics and genotoxic agents.

PMID 21199928 · 2011

mutation in gyrA leads to resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

396

Bacteremia caused by Corynebacterium amycolatum with a novel mutation in gyrA gene that confers high-level quinolone resistance.

PMID 21239871 · 2011

mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region of the gyrA gene

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S87I

Protein Change: S87I
Organisms: Corynebacterium amycolatum
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of the quinolone resistance-determining region of the gyrA gene
Source Database: Reslit

397

Temporal fluctuation of multidrug resistant salmonella typhi haplotypes in the mekong river delta region of Vietnam.

PMID 21245916 · 2011

The mutation was found in the sequenced H58-E2 isolate AG3.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83R gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequencing of gyrA gene in 223 Nal resistant isolates
Source Database: Reslit

398

Mutant prevention concentration-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic indices as dosing targets for suppressing the enrichment of levofloxacin-resistant subpopulations of Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID 21343454 · 2011

Present in RN450-A1 strain

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.E84K

Protein Change: E84K
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: nucleotide sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

399

Multilocus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in discrimination of sporadic and outbreak-related strains of Yersinia enterocolitica.

PMID 21349206 · 2011

Mutations in gyrA were associated with resistance to nalidixic acid and reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83R, D87N, D87Y
Organisms: Yersinia enterocolitica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

400

Rapid diagnosis of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis by use of a reverse line blot hybridization assay.

PMID 21613436 · 2011

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94N

Protein Change: A90V, S91P, D94G, D94A, D94N
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reverse line blot hybridization assay
Source Database: Reslit

401

Incidence of moxifloxacin resistance in clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Houston, Texas.

PMID 21653760 · 2011

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.D94H gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94A

Protein Change: A90V, D94H, D94G, D94A
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of PCR products
Source Database: Reslit

402

Comparative genomics of Klebsiella pneumoniae strains with different antibiotic resistance profiles.

PMID 21746949 · 2011

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin|norfloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

403

Genomic analysis of the multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain MDR-ZJ06 widely spread in China.

PMID 21788470 · 2011

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

404

Mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolates from food-producing animals.

PMID 21856834 · 2011

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Effect on Function: mutations in GyrA lead to resistance
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

405

QRDR mutations, efflux system & antimicrobial resistance genes in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolated from an outbreak of diarrhoea in Ahmedabad, India.

PMID 21911975 · 2011

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84L gyrA: p.E88K

Protein Change: D87N
Organisms: enterotoxigenic Escherichia
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

406

Exploring the contribution of efflux on the resistance to fluoroquinolones in clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID 22032541 · 2011

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L, E88K
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

407

High proportion of fluoroquinolone-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates with novel gyrase polymorphisms and a gyrA region associated with fluoroquinolone susceptibility.

PMID 22189117 · 2012

These mutations were identified in fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates and are associated with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.M81T gyrA: p.L109P gyrA: p.Q113L

Protein Change: M81T, L109P, Q113L
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing and phenotypic resistance testing
Source Database: Reslit

408

Differential epigenetic compatibility of qnr antibiotic resistance determinants with the chromosome of Escherichia coli.

PMID 22574114 · 2012

This mutation was found in strains MBS230 and MBS231, which evolved under alternating selective pressure from carbenicillin and ofloxacin.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.D91Y

Protein Change: D87Y
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Shewanella algae
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: sequencing of evolved strains MBS230 and MBS231
Source Database: Reslit

409

Recent Insights into Antibiotic Resistance in Helicobacter pylori Eradication.

PMID 22829809 · 2012

Mutations in gyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87K, D91G, D91Y
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

410

Emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi in Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India.

PMID 22885270 · 2012

Mutations in gyrA and parC were identified in fluoroquinolone-resistant S. Typhi strains.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

411

Quinolone-resistant Shigella flexneri isolated in a patient who travelled to India.

PMID 22950074 · 2012

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Shigella flexneri
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin|ofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: molecular studies
Source Database: Reslit

412

Nosocomial transmission of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in a rural hospital in South Africa.

PMID 23166374 · 2013

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83L

Protein Change: A90V
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

413

A novel approach to associate genes and mutations with drug resistance phenotypes by comparative analysis of fully sequenced bacterial strains

PMID 23281931 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S90A

Protein Change: S90A
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: essential mutation
Source Database: Reslit

414

Specific patterns of gyrA mutations determine the resistance difference to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin in Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli.

PMID 23295059 · 2013

Mutations in gyrA are responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83Y, S83I, S83F, S83L
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacinciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR amplification and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

415

Resistance Pattern and Molecular Characterization of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) Strains Isolated in Bangladesh.

PMID 27428376 · 2016

Single mutation in gyrA observed in nalidixic acid resistant ETEC strains.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

416

Recent independent emergence of multiple multidrug-resistant Serratia marcescens clones within the United Kingdom and Ireland.

PMID 27432456 · 2016

Mutations in gyrA are associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Serratia marcescens
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: correlation with MIC values
Source Database: Reslit

417

Molecular epidemiology of drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Russia (Current Status, 2015).

PMID 27506605 · 2016

Neisseria gonorrhoeae gyrA with mutations conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003928

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S531L gyrA: p.H526Y gyrA: p.H516V

Protein Change: S91F, D95N, D95G
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Validation Method: low-density oligonucleotide microarray analysis
Source Database: ReslitCard Database

418

Antimicrobial and Virulence-Modulating Effects of Clove Essential Oil on the Foodborne Pathogen Campylobacter jejuni.

PMID 27520816 · 2016

Mutation in gyrA gene associated with ciprofloxacin resistance in Campylobacter jejuni.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S257L

Protein Change: S257L
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

419

Whole-genome sequencing of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Myanmar.

PMID 27530852 · 2016

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S531L, H526Y, H516V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

420

Multidrug-Resistant Shigella Infections in Patients with Diarrhea, Cambodia, 2014-2015.

PMID 27532684 · 2016

Common mutation in gyrA at position 83

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94H

Protein Change: S83L, D87G
Organisms: Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

421

Drug-resistant tuberculosis in Central Mozambique: the role of a rapid genotypic susceptibility testing.

PMID 27534745 · 2016

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, S91P, D94A, D94N, D94Y, D94G, D94H
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Genotype MTBDRsl test
Source Database: Reslit

422

Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants in quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from patients with bacteremia in a university hospital in Taiwan, 2001-2015.

PMID 27573927 · 2016

mutations in gyrA and parC were found in PMQR-harboring isolates

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A91V gyrA: p.D95G

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

423

Development and characterisation of highly antibiotic resistant Bartonella bacilliformis mutants.

PMID 27667026 · 2016

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A91V, D95G
Organisms: Bartonella bacilliformis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

424

Leprosy Drug Resistance Surveillance in Colombia: The Experience of a Sentinel Country.

PMID 27706165 · 2016

requires in vivo validation

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A107L

Protein Change: A107L
Organisms: Mycobacterium leprae
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

425

Draft Genome Sequence of Enterococcus faecalis Strain F165 Isolated from a Urinary Tract Infection.

PMID 27795252 · 2016

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84I

Protein Change: S84I
Organisms: Enterococcus faecalis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin
Validation Method: pairwise alignment and comparison with resistant strains
Source Database: Reslit

426

Predominance of Clostridium difficile Ribotypes 017 and 078 among Toxigenic Clinical Isolates in Southern Taiwan.

PMID 27861606 · 2016

Mutation in gyrA leads to moxifloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T82I
Organisms: Clostridium difficile
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

427

Molecular detection of Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance in stool vs biopsy samples.

PMID 27895408 · 2016

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87K
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: GenoType HelicoDR assay
Source Database: Reslit

428

Epidemiology and characteristics of Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ST131) from long-term care facility residents colonized intestinally with fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli.

PMID 27939288 · 2017

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.A88V gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.D155N gyrA: p.V172I

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

429

Molecular and Proteomic Analysis of Levofloxacin and Metronidazole Resistant Helicobacter pylori.

PMID 28018334 · 2016

Helicobacter pylori gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3007052

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87K, A88V, D91N, D155N, V172I
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: ReslitCard Database

430

In Vitro Activity of Gepotidacin (GSK2140944) against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID 28069643 · 2017

Mutation identified in isolate 12

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

431

Characterization of Multi-Drug Resistant Enterococcus faecalis Isolated from Cephalic Recording Chambers in Research Macaques (Macaca spp.).

PMID 28081148 · 2017

Single amino acid polymorphism in gyrA codon 83 (Ser to Ile)

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Enterococcus faecalis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|enrofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

432

Characterization and Genetic Variation of Vibrio cholerae Isolated from Clinical and Environmental Sources in Thailand.

PMID 28103259 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: in silico detection using MyDbFinder
Source Database: Reslit

433

A joint cross-border investigation of a cluster of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Austria, Romania and Germany in 2014 using classic, genotyping and whole genome sequencing methods: lessons learnt.

PMID 28106529 · 2017

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A288D

Protein Change: A288D
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

434

A Clostridium difficile Lineage Endemic to Costa Rican Hospitals Is Multidrug Resistant by Acquisition of Chromosomal Mutations and Novel Mobile Genetic Elements.

PMID 28137804 · 2017

fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T82I
Organisms: Clostridium difficile
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Effect on Function: fluoroquinolone resistance
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

435

Functional Characterization of the DNA Gyrases in Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Mutants of Francisella novicida.

PMID 28167561 · 2017

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.S83A gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.D87G

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Francisella novicida
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: expression and purification of recombinant DNA gyrases and assessment of DNA supercoiling activity
Source Database: Reslit

436

Prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from diseased animals in Taiwan.

PMID 28250288 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N, S83A, D87Y, D87G
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|flumequine|enrofloxacin|ciprofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

437

Vibrio cholerae O1 with Reduced Susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin and Azithromycin Isolated from a Rural Coastal Area of Bangladesh.

PMID 28270803 · 2017

Mutation in gyrA is associated with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

438

Molecular characteristics of ofloxacin mono-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from new and previously treated tuberculosis patients.

PMID 28317169 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94A, D94N, D94G, D94Y, A90V, S91P
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR amplification and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

439

Revisiting the mutant prevention concentration to guide dosing in childhood tuberculosis.

PMID 28333284 · 2017

GyrA mutations are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94V

Protein Change: A90V, S91P, D94V
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

440

WGS to predict antibiotic MICs for Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID 28333355 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F, D95N, D95G
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: WGS and multivariate linear regression models
Source Database: Reslit

441

Genome sequence comparisons of serial multi-drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates over 21 years of infection in a single patient.

PMID 28348821 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S95T
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: genome sequencing and phenotypic resistance testing
Source Database: Reslit

442

Mechanisms of quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from companion animals, pet-owners, and non-pet-owners.

PMID 28385014 · 2017

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S80R gyrA: p.T57S

Protein Change: D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

443

Antimicrobial Resistance of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium in Shanghai, China.

PMID 28400764 · 2017

Mutations in gyrA and parC genes contribute to ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87Y, D87N, D87G, S83F, S80R, T57S
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR amplification and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

444

Update on Antimicrobial Resistance in Clostridium difficile: Resistance Mechanisms and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing.

PMID 28404671 · 2017

gyrA mutations are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G31S gyrA: p.N31T

Protein Change: S81L
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: experimental validation
Source Database: Reslit

445

Increased Tuberculosis Patient Mortality Associated with Mycobacterium tuberculosis Mutations Conferring Resistance to Second-Line Antituberculous Drugs.

PMID 28404672 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: G31S, N31T
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: pyrosequencing
Source Database: Reslit

446

First Insight Into the Fluoroquinolone and Aminoglycoside Resistance of Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Saudi Arabia.

PMID 28500800 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: line probe assay
Source Database: Reslit

447

Prevalence and extent of heteroresistance by next generation sequencing of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis.

PMID 28545050 · 2017

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D90G

Protein Change: D90G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: next-generation sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

448

qPCR-High resolution melt analysis for drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium leprae directly from clinical specimens of leprosy patients.

PMID 28570560 · 2017

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83R gyrA: p.E87G

Protein Change: A91V
Organisms: Mycobacterium leprae
Confers Resistance To: ofx
Validation Method: HRM and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

449

Strong influence of livestock environments on the emergence and dissemination of distinct multidrug-resistant phenotypes among the population of non-typhoidal Salmonella.

PMID 28591163 · 2017

Novel non-synonymous mutation located outside of the QRDR at position 864 of GyrA, likely associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S864P

Protein Change: S864P
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing of gyrA gene
Source Database: Reslit

450

The PK-PD Relationship and Resistance Development of Danofloxacin against Mycoplasma gallisepticum in An In Vivo Infection Model.

PMID 28611739 · 2017

Mutations in gyrA and parC were identified in resistant mutant strains.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83R, E87G
Organisms: Mycoplasma gallisepticum
Confers Resistance To: danofloxacin|enrofloxacin|ofloxacin|levofloxacin|gatifloxacin|norfloxacin
Validation Method: PCR amplification and DNA sequencing; sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

451

High Prevalence of Macrolide-resistance and Molecular Characterization of Streptococcus pyogenes Isolates Circulating in China from 2009 to 2016.

PMID 28642756 · 2017

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.M99L gyrA: p.S81F gyrA: p.V192I

Protein Change: M99L, S81F, V192I
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

452

Population and Whole Genome Sequence Based Characterization of Invasive Group A Streptococci Recovered in the United States during 2015.

PMID 28928212 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81F
Organisms: Streptococcus pyogenes
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

453

Whole genome sequencing, molecular typing and in vivo virulence of OXA-48-producing Escherichia coli isolates including ST131 H30-Rx, H22 and H41 subclones.

PMID 28935873 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

454

Molecular characterization of antimicrobial multi-drug resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonellae from chicken and clam in Mangalore, India.

PMID 28963445 · 2017

Single point mutation in the quinolone resistance determining region of the gyrA gene

Mutation Information

gyrA: ?

Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: reduced susceptibility
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

455

Emerging Treatment Options for Mycoplasma genitalium Infections

PMID 28979150 · 2023

Mutations in the gyrA gene are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D89N gyrA: p.S91P

Protein Change: S83L
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

456

Fluoroquinolone Resistance Mutation Detection Is Equivalent to Culture-Based Drug Sensitivity Testing for Predicting Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Treatment Outcome: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

PMID 29017248 · 2017

Mutations in gyrA and gyrB are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, D94A, D94G, D94N, D94Y, D89N, S91P
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing and correlation with drug susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

457

Genomic features, phylogenetic relationships, and comparative genomics of Elizabethkingia anophelis strain EM361-97 isolated in Taiwan.

PMID 29085032 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Elizabethkingia anophelis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: annotation via RAST/SEED Server and UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
Source Database: Reslit

458

The Characteristic of Virulence, Biofilm and Antibiotic Resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

PMID 32872324 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: experimental data generated in this study
Source Database: Reslit

459

Genomic epidemiology of emerging ESBL-producing Salmonella Kentucky bla (CTX-M-14b) in Europe.

PMID 32896234 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87G
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

460

Genomic Serotyping, Clinical Manifestations, and Antimicrobial Resistance of Nontyphoidal Salmonella Gastroenteritis in Hospitalized Children in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam.

PMID 32907994 · 2020

associated with ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87N, D87G
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genotype-phenotype correlation
Source Database: Reslit

461

Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus from Human, Chicken and Environmental Samples within Live Bird Markets in Three Nigerian Cities.

PMID 32911712 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S91F gyrA: p.D95N gyrA: p.T83I

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|enrofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

462

Exploration of the Neisseria Resistome Reveals Resistance Mechanisms in Commensals That May Be Acquired by N. gonorrhoeae through Horizontal Gene Transfer.

PMID 33007823 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F, D95N, T83I
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria bacilliformis, Neisseria subflava
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic sequencing and computational analysis
Source Database: Reslit

463

Genomic Analysis Reveals the Genetic Determinants Associated With Antibiotic Resistance in the Zoonotic Pathogen Campylobacter spp. Distributed Globally.

PMID 33042043 · 2020

Mutations in gyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T86I gyrA: p.T86K gyrA: p.T86V gyrA: p.P104T gyrA: p.T86A gyrA: p.D90Y

Protein Change: T86I, T86K, T86V, P104T, T86A, D90Y
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter lari, Campylobacter insulaenigrae, Campylobacter subantarcticus, Campylobacter volucris
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: in silico analysis
Source Database: Reslit

464

A comparative whole genome analysis of Helicobacter pylori from a human dense South Asian setting.

PMID 33073485 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.R295C gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.D91N

Protein Change: R295C, D91G, D91N
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: in silico analysis; genotypic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

465

Multiple Introductions of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi H58 with Reduced Fluoroquinolone Susceptibility into Chile.

PMID 33079054 · 2020

Mutations in lineage II

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.E113G

Protein Change: S83F, D87N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

466

Regional Variation of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Enterobacterales, Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Salmonella enterica and Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Among Febrile Patients in Sub-Saharan Africa.

PMID 33101240 · 2020

Mutations observed in Salmonella enterica isolates from Burkina Faso and Tanzania.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87G, E113G
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: screening of ciprofloxacin non-susceptible S. enterica isolates for point mutations in DNA gyrase and/or DNA topoisomerase IV genes gyrA , gyrB , parC , pare , and plasmid-mediated aac(6’)Ib(-cr) , qnrA , qnrB , qnrC , qnrD , and qnrS resistance genes was performed as previously described ( Chau et al., 2007 ; Pfeifer et al., 2009 ; Pietsch et al., 2017 ).
Source Database: Reslit

467

Molecular Evaluation of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Serial Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Individuals Diagnosed with Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis.

PMID 33106264 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: ultradeep NGS sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

468

Efflux Pump-Driven Antibiotic and Biocide Cross-Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated from Different Ecological Niches: A Case Study in the Development of Multidrug Resistance in Environmental Hotspots.

PMID 33114277 · 2020

mutations in gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I, D87N
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

469

Shanghai Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates Exhibit Resistance to Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporins and Clonal Distribution.

PMID 33123111 · 2020

GyrA substitutions S91F and D95A are associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F, D95A
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genotyping and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

470

Genotyping and Antibiotic Resistance Traits in Campylobacter jejuni and coli From Pigs and Wild Boars in Italy.

PMID 33178635 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: genomic screening
Source Database: Reslit

471

Efficacy of Tegoprazan for Improving the Susceptibility of Antimicrobial Agents against Antibiotic-Resistant Helicobacter pylori.

PMID 33191308 · 2021

gyrA mutations are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87Y

Protein Change: N87Y
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

472

Antibiotic Resistance Profiles and Molecular Mechanisms of Campylobacter From Chicken and Pig in China.

PMID 33193261 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T83I gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter spp.
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

473

Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance in Surrogates of Francisella tularensis (LVS and Francisella novicida): Effects on Biofilm Formation and Fitness.

PMID 33193267 · 2020

Mutations in gyrA are associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I, D87Y
Organisms: Francisella novicida, Francisella tularensis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

474

Features of Streptococcus agalactiae strains recovered from pregnant women and newborns attending different hospitals in Ethiopia.

PMID 33198686 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81F
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

475

A Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Infantis Clone is Spreading and Recombining in the United States.

PMID 33232624 · 2021

mutation in gyrA confers fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: short-read sequencing and AMRFinder analysis
Source Database: Reslit

476

Molecular Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Among the Pediatric Population in Qatar.

PMID 33262745 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94H gyrA: p.G88C gyrA: p.G88A

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

477

Xpert MTB/XDR: a 10-Color Reflex Assay Suitable for Point-of-Care Settings To Detect Isoniazid, Fluoroquinolone, and Second-Line-Injectable-Drug Resistance Directly from Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Positive Sputum.

PMID 33298611 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, S91P, D94A, D94G, D94Y, D94H, G88C, G88A
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: melting temperature analysis
Source Database: Reslit

478

Drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its genotypes isolated from an outbreak in western Thailand.

PMID 33320938 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

479

Genomic Analysis of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates Belonging to Major Endemic Clones in South America.

PMID 33329450 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84L gyrA: p.S80L

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

480

The Persister Character of Clinical Isolates of Staphylococcus aureus Contributes to Faster Evolution to Resistance and Higher Survival in THP-1 Monocytes: A Study With Moxifloxacin.

PMID 33329458 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L, S80L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing; sequencing of mutant isolates
Source Database: Reslit

481

Mechanisms for Development of Ciprofloxacin Resistance in a Clinical Isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 33488544 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87G
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic re-sequencing and gene editing
Source Database: Reslit

482

Genomic Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance and Resistance Plasmids in Salmonella Serovars from Poultry in Nigeria.

PMID 33498344 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

483

Moxifloxacin Activates the SOS Response in Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a Dose- and Time-Dependent Manner.

PMID 33513836 · 2021

The mutation D94G in the gyrA gene confers fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

484

Comparative genomic and phenotypic characterization of invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from Siaya, Kenya.

PMID 33524010 · 2021

Two substitutions, D87G and D94G, found in the chromosomal DNA gyrase protein GyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87G
Organisms: Salmonella Typhimurium
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Source Database: Reslit

485

Whole-genome analyses of extended-spectrum or AmpC β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli isolates from companion dogs in Japan.

PMID 33544781 · 2021

associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

486

Predominance of III/ST19 and Ib/ST10 Lineages With High Multidrug Resistance in Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Group B Streptococci Isolates in Which a New Integrative and Conjugative Element Was Identified.

PMID 33569045 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87I gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.D91G

Protein Change: S81L
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

487

Comparative genomics of Flavobacterium columnare unveils novel insights in virulence and antimicrobial resistance mechanisms.

PMID 33579339 · 2021

The mutation was found in the HV carp isolate CDI-A, which showed phenotypic resistance to quinolones.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S244A

Protein Change: S244A
Organisms: Flavobacterium columnare
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|enrofloxacin|flumequine|oxolinic acid
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and comparison with reference genome
Source Database: Reslit

488

Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori Antimicrobial Resistance Among Chilean Patients.

PMID 33583603 · 2021

Mutations in the quinolone-resistance determining region (QRDR) of the gyrA gene are the main cause of quinolone resistance in H. pylori.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87I, N87K, D91N, D91G
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: direct sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

489

Multidrug Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST101 Clone Survival Chain From Inpatients to Hospital Effluent After Chlorine Treatment.

PMID 33584574 · 2020

amino acid substitutions in GyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.D87N

Protein Change: S83Y, D87N
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: chromosomal mutations involved in resistance to quinolones (mutations of gyrA and parC)
Source Database: Reslit

490

Clinical outcomes and molecular characterization of drug-resistant tuberculosis in pre- and extensively drug-resistant disease based on line probe assays.

PMID 33592172 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.S91P

Protein Change: D94G, S91P
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Line probe assay and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

491

Detection of gyrA and parC Mutations and Prevalence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae.

PMID 33603418 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

492

Genome-Wide Association Studies for the Detection of Genetic Variants Associated With Daptomycin and Ceftaroline Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID 33658988 · 2021

This mutation is associated with ceftaroline resistance in S. aureus.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.D87N

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ceftaroline
Validation Method: PLINK analysis
Source Database: Reslit

493

Escherichia coli Isolated from Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis: Clonal Diversity, Resistance Profile, Virulence Potential, and Genome Adaptation.

PMID 33668594 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83Y, D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: mutations in gyrA ... confer resistance to ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genetic characterization of the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) ( gyrA , gyrB , parC and parE mutations) was performed by PCR and gene sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

494

Wild Boars Carry Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase- and AmpC-Producing Escherichia coli.

PMID 33673341 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S91L gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.E84K gyrA: p.E87Q

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

495

Overexpression of Efflux Pumps, Mutations in the Pumps' Regulators, Chromosomal Mutations, and AAC(6′)-Ib-cr Are Associated With Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Diverse Sequence Types of Neonatal Septicaemic Acinetobacter baumannii: A 7-Year Single Center Study.

PMID 33776950 · 2021

Chromosomal mutations in gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Chromosomal mutations in GyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91L, S83L, E84K, E87Q
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing; sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

496

Quinolone resistant Salmonella species isolated from pediatric patients with diarrhea in central Iran.

PMID 33784974 · 2021

Mutation in gyrA at amino acid 83 (serine to leucine)

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Source Database: Reslit

497

Emergence and evolution of antimicrobial resistance genes and mutations in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID 33785063 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D95G

Protein Change: D95G
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis and phylogenetic reconstruction
Source Database: Reslit

498

Molecular characterization of mutations associated with resistance to second line drugs in Mycobacterium tuberculosis patients from Casablanca, Morocco.

PMID 33787739 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: Sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

499

Clonal Clusters, Molecular Resistance Mechanisms and Virulence Factors of Gram-Negative Bacteria Isolated from Chronic Wounds in Ghana.

PMID 33810142 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

500

Antimicrobial Resistance Profile and ExPEC Virulence Potential in Commensal Escherichia coli of Multiple Sources.

PMID 33810387 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A56T

Protein Change: A56T
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|enrofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

501

Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis against levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, bedaquiline, linezolid, clofazimine, and delamanid in southwest of China.

PMID 33832459 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y

Protein Change: D94Y
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

502

Increasing prevalence of resistance to second-line drugs among multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Kuwait.

PMID 33833390 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, D94G, D94A, D94N, D94Y
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR-sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

503

Adjunctive S100A8/A9 Immunomodulation Hinders Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa in a Murine Biofilm Wound Model.

PMID 33912476 · 2021

Highly resistant strain

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

504

Prevalence and Characterization of Quinolone-Resistance Determinants in Escherichia coli Isolated from Food-Producing Animals and Animal-Derived Food in the Philippines.

PMID 33918946 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T83I gyrA: p.S87L

Protein Change: S83L, D87N, D87Y
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acidfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing; sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

505

The Building Blocks of Antimicrobial Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Implications for Current Resistance-Breaking Therapies.

PMID 33937104 · 2021

Mutations in gyrA are associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I, S87L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

506

Whole genome analysis of extensively drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Peru.

PMID 33947918 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S95T gyrA: p.D105G

Protein Change: D94G, A90V, S95T, D105G
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: genotypic and phenotypic confirmation; PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

507

Characterization of beta-lactam-resistant Escherichia coli from Australian fruit bats indicates anthropogenic origins.

PMID 33950805 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.L87F gyrA: p.R43H gyrA: p.E523K gyrA: p.E524K

Protein Change: S83L
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

508

Genetic Determinants of Antibiotic Resistance in Francisella.

PMID 34054749 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, L87F, R43H, E523K, E524K
Organisms: Francisella tularensis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

509

Phenotypic and Molecular Traits of Staphylococcus coagulans Associated with Canine Skin Infections in Portugal.

PMID 34063179 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S80F gyrA: p.E88A gyrA: p.E88G

Protein Change: S80F, E88A, E88G
Organisms: Staphylococcus coagulans
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin|ciprofloxacin|moxifloxacinciprofloxacin|enrofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

510

Genomic surveillance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the Philippines, 2013-2014.

PMID 34094619 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D95G gyrA: p.D95A gyrA: p.S91F

Protein Change: D95G, D95A, S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic prediction and phenotypic testing
Source Database: Reslit

511

Genome profiling of fluoroquinolone-resistant uropathogenic Escherichia coli isolates from Brazil.

PMID 34105110 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid|levofloxacin|norfloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

512

Genomic evolution and virulence association of Clostridioides difficile sequence type 37 (ribotype 017) in China.

PMID 34125660 · 2021

associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T82I
Organisms: Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|ciprofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: correlation with fluoroquinolone resistance
Source Database: Reslit

513

Retrospective analysis of infection and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Mycoplasma genitalium among pregnant women in the southwestern USA.

PMID 34127494 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: M95I
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

514

Molecular Evolution and Adaptation of Livestock-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (LA-MRSA) Sequence Type 9.

PMID 34156294 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84A

Protein Change: S84A
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and analysis
Source Database: Reslit

515

Mutations in bdcA and valS Correlate with Quinolone Resistance in Wastewater Escherichia coli.

PMID 34199768 · 2021

known mutation

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|norfloxacin|ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: genome-wide association study (GWAS)
Source Database: Reslit

516

Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in Genomes and Plasmids from Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates.

PMID 34206348 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii, A. baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

517

Phenotypic and Genotypic Properties of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant, qnr-Carrying Escherichia coli Isolated from the German Food Chain in 2017.

PMID 34208509 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.M95I gyrA: p.D99N

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: WGS and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

518

High prevalence of circulating dual-class resistant Mycoplasma genitalium in asymptomatic MSM in Tokyo, Japan.

PMID 34223146 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: M95I, D99N
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

519

Outbreak of NDM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in the intensive care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic: Another nightmare.

PMID 34273465 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87A gyrA: p.S83F

Protein Change: D87A, S83F
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Source Database: Reslit

520

Screening of Compounds for Anti-tuberculosis Activity, and in vitro and in vivo Evaluation of Potential Candidates.

PMID 34276592 · 2021

The D94G mutation in gyrA was found to be the key role of resistance to orbifloxacin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: disrupts the binding of orbifloxacin with protein GyrA
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and MIC assay
Source Database: Reslit

521

Comparison of Culture With Antibiogram to Next-Generation Sequencing Using Bacterial Isolates and Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Gastric Biopsies.

PMID 34293298 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.D87N

Protein Change: N87K, D91G
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: next-generation sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

522

The genomic epidemiology of multi-drug resistant invasive non-typhoidal Salmonella in selected sub-Saharan African countries.

PMID 34341020 · 2021

Mutations in gyrA confer resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83Y, D87G, D87Y, D87N
Organisms: Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

523

Molecular Characterization of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Bartonella bacilliformis.

PMID 34358026 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D95N
Organisms: Bartonella bacilliformis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

524

Acquisition and loss of CTX-M plasmids in Shigella species associated with MSM transmission in the UK.

PMID 34427554 · 2021

Single mutation in 2018 S. sonnei strains, triple mutations in 2020 S. sonnei strain

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.A90V

Protein Change: S83L, D87G
Organisms: Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

525

Evolution and emergence of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Chisinau, Moldova.

PMID 34431762 · 2021

Multiple gyrA mutations (D94G, D94A, A90V) confer resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G, D94A, A90V
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: phylogenetic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

526

Phenotypic and Molecular Patterns of Resistance among Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni Isolates, from Pig Farms.

PMID 34438851 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR amplification and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

527

Update on the Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance and the Mobile Resistome in the Emerging Zoonotic Pathogen Streptococcus suis.

PMID 34442843 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81F
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

528

Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Epidemiology of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolated From Female Patients in Shanghai, China.

PMID 34485168 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

529

Genetic Diversity of Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates Carrying bla (VIM-2) and bla (KPC-2) Genes That Spread on Different Genetic Environment in Colombia.

PMID 34512563 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S115F gyrA: p.S115V gyrA: p.S115Y gyrA: p.D119G

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

530

Exploring the Genomic Diversity and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum in a Vietnamese Population.

PMID 34523984 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S115F, S115V, S115Y, D119G
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

531

Quinolone Resistance of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Revealed through Genome and Transcriptome Analyses.

PMID 34576206 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing; sequencing of PCR-amplified genes
Source Database: Reslit

532

Prevalence of Mycoplasma genitalium fluoroquinolone-resistance markers, and dual-class-resistance markers, in asymptomatic men who have sex with men.

PMID 34590993 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: M95I
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

533

Effectiveness of GenoType MTBDRsl in excluding TB drug resistance in a clinical trial.

PMID 34615581 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

534

Genomic Profiling of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains, Myanmar.

PMID 34670644 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G, A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic_analysis_and_phenotypic_confirmation
Source Database: Reslit

535

Emergence of ST63 Pandrug-Resistant Acinetobacter pittii Isolated From an AECOPD Patient in China.

PMID 34722334 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81L
Organisms: Acinetobacter pittii
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: lower the affinity for quinolone
Validation Method: genomic characterization and resistance gene detection
Source Database: Reslit

536

Cl415, a carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolate containing four AbaR4 and a new variant of AbGRI2, represents a novel global clone 2 strain.

PMID 34741594 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

537

Performance Evaluation of GeneLEAD/Deeplex Myc-TB for Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Diagnosis and Drug Susceptibility Testing

PMID 34778100 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S95T
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genotypic prediction and phenotypic DST correlation
Source Database: Reslit

538

A species-wide genetic atlas of antimicrobial resistance in Clostridioides difficile.

PMID 34793295 · 2021

Most common substitution in fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P

Protein Change: T82I
Organisms: Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Table 2
Source Database: Reslit

539

Analysis on Drug-Resistance-Associated Mutations among Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates in China.

PMID 34827305 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G, D94A, D94N, A90V, S91P
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

540

Defining Fluoroquinolone Resistance-Mediating Mutations from Non-Resistance Polymorphisms in Mycoplasma hominis Topoisomerases.

PMID 34827317 · 2021

The S153L mutation in gyrA was found in isolates U006, MH15-03, and MH10-09.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S153L

Protein Change: S153L
Organisms: Mycoplasma hominis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing
Source Database: Reslit

541

Clones and Clusters of Antimicrobial-Resistant Klebsiella From Southwestern Nigeria.

PMID 34850837 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Source Database: Reslit

542

Genomic and Transcriptomic Analysis of Bovine Pasteurella multocida Serogroup A Strain Reveals Insights Into Virulence Attenuation.

PMID 34859092 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.R88I

Protein Change: R88I
Organisms: Pasteurella multocida
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequence alignment
Source Database: Reslit

543

Multiple Novel Traits without Immediate Benefits Originate in Bacteria Evolving on Single Antibiotics.

PMID 34865131 · 2022

Mutations in gyrA confer resistance to quinolone antibiotics.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87G, D87Y
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: mutant analysis
Source Database: Reslit

544

Genomic diversity of antimicrobial resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella in Victoria, Australia.

PMID 34907895 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.D87N

Protein Change: D87Y, D87N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

545

Genomic comparisons of Escherichia coli ST131 from Australia.

PMID 34910614 · 2021

Dual gyrA-1AB and parC-1aAB mutations are unique to clade C ST131 isolates but were identified in some clade A isolates.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: c.G177A

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: G177A
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: mutation screening
Source Database: Reslit

546

Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella Typhi Isolated From a Referral Hospital of Kathmandu, Nepal.

PMID 34916803 · 2021

The gyrA ser83 mutation was found in 95.65% of S. Typhi isolates.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Salmonella Typhi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR-RFLP
Source Database: Reslit

547

High-Level Quinolone-Resistant Haemophilus haemolyticus in Pediatric Patient with No History of Quinolone Exposure.

PMID 34932443 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Haemophilus haemolyticus
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|tosufloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: comparison with reference strains
Source Database: Reslit

548

Differences in Genotype and Antimicrobial Resistance between Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Organic and Conventionally Produced Chickens in Sweden.

PMID 34959585 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94G

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic resistance testing
Source Database: Reslit

549

A modified decision tree approach to improve the prediction and mutation discovery for drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 35016609 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, S91P, D94A, D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ethionamide
Validation Method: genomic variant detection
Source Database: Reslit

550

Genomic evolution of the globally disseminated multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clonal group 147.

PMID 35019836 · 2022

Mutation in gyrA leads to decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.S83Y

Protein Change: S83I, S83Y
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genome sequencing and antimicrobial-susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

551

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Gram-negative isolates from a tertiary care hospital in Eastern India with novel gyrA and parC gene mutations.

PMID 35035040 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

552

NDM-1 Introduction in Portugal through a ST11 KL105 Klebsiella pneumoniae Widespread in Europe.

PMID 35052969 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

553

Anti-microbial resistance of Salmonella isolates from raw meat-based dog food in Japan.

PMID 35077028 · 2022

Mutation in quinolone resistance-determining region

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella Typhimurium
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

554

First National Genomic Epidemiological Study of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Strains Spreading Across Sweden in 2016.

PMID 35095823 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.D94A

Protein Change: S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

555

Application of Amplicon-Based Targeted NGS Technology for Diagnosis of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Using FFPE Specimens.

PMID 35138166 · 2022

high-confidence mutation

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G, D94Y, A90V, D94A
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacinlevofloxacin
Validation Method: amplicon-based targeted NGS
Source Database: Reslit

556

Similarities in Virulence and Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Gene Profiles among Cefotaxime-Resistant Escherichia coli Wastewater and Clinical Isolates.

PMID 35203862 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: ?

Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

557

Characterization of a Neisseria gonorrhoeae Ciprofloxacin panel for an antimicrobial resistant Isolate Bank.

PMID 35271599 · 2022

Mutation at position 272 (C272T) leading to S91F in gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

558

Healthcare-associated infections caused by chlorhexidine-tolerant Serratia marcescens carrying a promiscuous IncHI2 multi-drug resistance plasmid in a veterinary hospital.

PMID 35298517 · 2022

Mutation in GyrA conferring fluoroquinolone resistance

The GyrA mutation reported here is relatively rare in these genomes

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Serratia marcescens
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis; observed in chlorhexidine-tolerant Serratia strains
Source Database: Reslit

559

Genomic Profiling of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates from Surface Water of Agricultural Drainage in North-Western Mexico: Detection of the International High-Risk Lineages ST410 and ST617.

PMID 35336237 · 2022

Double amino acid exchange in GyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

560

Molecular characterisation of second-line drug resistance among drug resistant tuberculosis patients tested in Uganda: a two and a half-year's review.

PMID 35410160 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S95T gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.G88C gyrA: p.D94X

Protein Change: D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Line Probe Assay
Source Database: Reslit

561

Molecular Epidemiology and Polymorphism Analysis in Drug-Resistant Genes in M. tuberculosis Clinical Isolates from Western and Northern India.

PMID 35422638 · 2022

variable codons

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S95T, D94G, S91P, A90V, G88C, D94X
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing; sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

562

Wild Boars as an Indicator of Environmental Spread of ESβL-Producing Escherichia coli.

PMID 35432265 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.D94X

Protein Change: S83L
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: genome analysis
Source Database: Reslit

563

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lineages Associated with Mutations and Drug Resistance in Isolates from India.

PMID 35442078 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, D94X
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genotypic prediction
Source Database: Reslit

564

Penicillin- and Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Invasive Neisseria meningitidis Isolates from Japan.

PMID 35467371 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.N87K

Protein Change: T91I
Organisms: Neisseria meningitidis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

565

Biomarker Characterization and Prediction of Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance from Helicobacter pylori Next Generation Sequencing Data.

PMID 35625618 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D91G, N87K
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

566

Genomic analysis of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from bacteremia reveals genetic features associated with the COVID-19 pandemic.

PMID 39108736 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

567

Detection of the epidemic Pseudomonas aeruginosa AUST-03 (ST242) strain in people with cystic fibrosis in South Africa.

PMID 39109912 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

568

Antimicrobial susceptibility and virulence gene analysis of Shigella species causing dysentery in Iranian children: Implications for fluroquinolone resistance.

PMID 39130411 · 2024

Most common mutation in Shigella isolates

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T86I gyrA: p.T86K gyrA: p.T86A gyrA: p.D90Y gyrA: p.D90N gyrA: p.S83I

Protein Change: D87Y
Organisms: Shigella sonnei, Shigella flexneri, Shigella boydii
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

569

WQ-3810, a fluoroquinolone with difluoropyridine derivative as the R1 group exerts high potency against quinolone-resistant Campylobacter jejuni.

PMID 39162520 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I, T86K, T86A, D90Y, D90N, S83I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acidquinolones
Validation Method: mutant DNA gyrase production and supercoiling inhibitory assay; mutational analysis
Source Database: Reslit

570

Whole genome sequencing analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveals circulating strain types and drug-resistance mutations in the Philippines.

PMID 39179783 · 2024

Common mutations underlying fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94H gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94N

Protein Change: A90V, S91P, D94G, D94A, D94H, D94Y, D94N
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genotypic resistance characterisation using TB-Profiler software
Source Database: Reslit

571

The circulation of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus between humans, horses and the environment at the equine clinic.

PMID 39212167 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Effect on Function: resistance
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

572

Molecular Basis of Antimicrobial Resistance in Group B Streptococcus Clinical Isolates from Saudi Arabia.

PMID 39221186 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.I798S

Protein Change: S81L
Organisms: Streptococcus agalactiae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

573

Nonlinear impacts of temperature on antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli.

PMID 39280591 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87G, I798S
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: gatifloxacin
Validation Method: molecular docking and whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

574

Population Structure and Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli Isolated from Humans with Diarrhea and from Poultry, East Africa.

PMID 39320160 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87G

Protein Change: S86L
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: genomic analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

575

Genetic and in-silico approaches for investigating the mechanisms of ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella typhi: Mutations, extrusion, and antimicrobial resistance.

PMID 39397980 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, S83Y, D87N, D87G
Organisms: Salmonella typhi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: reduced ciprofloxacin binding affinity
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

576

Campylobacter coli of porcine origin exhibits an open pan-genome within a single clonal complex: insights from comparative genomic analysis.

PMID 39415896 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87A

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: resistome analysis using RGI tool
Source Database: Reslit

577

Genomic dynamics of high-risk carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae clones carrying hypervirulence determinants in Egyptian clinical settings.

PMID 39438795 · 2024

found in some isolates

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87N, D87A
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Source Database: Reslit

578

Molecular Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli from Fecal Samples of Wild Animals.

PMID 39453061 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.E21Q gyrA: p.S95T gyrA: p.G668D

Protein Change: S83L, D87N, D87Y
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

579

Genetic diversities and drug resistance in Mycobacterium bovis isolates from zoonotic tuberculosis using whole genome sequencing.

PMID 39487429 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: E21Q, S95T, G668D
Organisms: Mycobacterium bovis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

580

Analysis of molecular mechanisms of delafloxacin resistance in Escherichia coli.

PMID 39488602 · 2024

Mutations in QRDRs are associated with delafloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.E84V gyrA: p.I549L

Protein Change: S83L, D87N, E84V, I549L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: delafloxacin|ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

581

Leveraging large-scale Mycobacterium tuberculosis whole genome sequence data to characterise drug-resistant mutations using machine learning and statistical approaches.

PMID 39511309 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D280G

Protein Change: D280G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: association analysis with resistance phenotypes
Source Database: Reslit

582

Insights into antibiotic resistance promoted by quinolone exposure.

PMID 39589140 · 2025

Mutations in gyrA conferred resistance to ciprofloxacin (CIP).

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.G208R

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

583

Analysis of antibiotic susceptibility and genomic characteristics of Helicobacter pylori by whole-genome resequencing in Northern China.

PMID 39661273 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87K, D91G, G208R
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome resequencing
Source Database: Reslit

584

Molecular Epidemiology and Clinical Characterization of Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacter Species From an International Cohort.

PMID 39667036 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87G

Protein Change: S83F, S83I, S83L, D87N, D87G
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and mutation detection
Source Database: Reslit

585

Anti-Mycobacterial Activity of Bacterial Topoisomerase Inhibitors with Dioxygenated Linkers.

PMID 39792935 · 2025

Resistance mutations identified in gyrA gene of M. tuberculosis.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A74V

Protein Change: A74V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: resistance
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

586

Comparative In vitro antibacterial activity of nemonoxacin and other fluoroquinolones in correlation with resistant mechanisms in contemporary methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus blood isolates in Taiwan.

PMID 39825371 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: nemonoxacin|moxifloxacin|levofloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

587

An exploration of unusual antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in Salmonella Typhi from Blantyre, Malawi reveals the ongoing role of IncHI1 plasmids.

PMID 39839218 · 2024

gyrA_S83F mutation associated with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella Typhi
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: mutation detected in genome
Source Database: Reslit

588

Highly drug resistant clone of Salmonella Kentucky ST198 in clinical infections and poultry in Zimbabwe.

PMID 39843602 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87H gyrA: p.D87G

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

589

Retrospective analysis of antimicrobial resistance associated with bovine respiratory disease.

PMID 39918326 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87Y, S83F, S83Y, D87N, D87H, D87G
Organisms: Mannheimia haemolytica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Table 2
Source Database: Reslit

590

Helicobacter pylori Infection in Colombia: Phylogeny, Resistome, and Virulome.

PMID 39930978 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.D91Y gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.N87I gyrA: p.N97I gyrA: p.N97K

Protein Change: D91G, D91Y, D91N, N87K, N87I, N97I, N97K
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: in silico analysis
Source Database: Reslit

591

Genetic diversity and transmission pattern of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis based on whole-genome sequencing in Wuhan, China.

PMID 39935875 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P

Protein Change: D94G, A90V, S91P
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

592

The rise in domestic shigellosis and the genomic characteristics of Shigella clones linked to men who have sex with men in Taiwan, 2015‒2022.

PMID 39945556 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

593

Analysis of the status and risk factors for Helicobacter pylori infection and drug resistance in the Lianyungang area, China.

PMID 39979852 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87K
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and nucleic acid mass spectrometry
Source Database: Reslit

594

Genomic Characterization and Antimicrobial Resistance of ESBL-Producing, Escherichia coli Isolates in Suzhou, China.

PMID 39996143 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

595

Widespread dissemination of Salmonella, Escherichia coli and Campylobacter resistant to medically important antimicrobials in the poultry production continuum in Canada.

PMID 39999076 · 2025

Mutations in gyrA were associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

596

Ribosome Phenotypes Can Be Used to Classify Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Clinical E. coli Isolates

PMID 40011610 · 2023

Mutation in gyrA leads to ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S88I gyrA: p.S88R

Protein Change: D87Y
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing; experimental validation via MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

597

Integrative and conjugative elements associated with antimicrobial resistance in multidrug resistant Pasteurella multocida isolates from bovine respiratory disease (BRD)-affected animals in Spanish feedlots.

PMID 40055923 · 2025

Mutations in gyrA were associated with resistance to enrofloxacin and danofloxacin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S88I, S88R
Organisms: Pasteurella multocida
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin|danofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

598

Assessment for antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori: A practical and interpretable machine learning model based on genome-wide genetic variation.

PMID 40119500 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.N87Y

Protein Change: D91N, N87Y
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: machine learning model with SHAP interpretation
Source Database: Reslit

599

Genomic Diversity, Virulome, and Resistome of Streptococcus agalactiae in Northeastern Brazil: Are Multi-Host Adapted Strains Rising?

PMID 40137777 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81L
Organisms: Streptococcus agalactiae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

600

Antimicrobial resistance and genomic characteristics of Campylobacter spp. From Australian meat chickens with A follow up investigation.

PMID 40155698 · 2025

T86I mutation in the QRDR of gyrA reduces sensitivity to quinolones

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Effect on Function: decrease the sensitivity of Campylobacter spp. to quinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

601

Stool carriage of CTX-M/CMY-producing Salmonella enterica in a Chinese tertiary hospital in Shenzhen, China.

PMID 40182768 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87G, D87Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

602

Clinical characteristics and genomic epidemiological survey of tuberculosis in Wuzhou, China, 2022.

PMID 40207933 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D95G gyrA: p.D96H gyrA: p.P102H

Protein Change: A90V, D94N, D95G, D96H, P102H
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

603

Differences in antimicrobial resistance between exoU and exoS isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 40261546 · 2025

Mutations in gyrA were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutations in GyrA correlate with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Effect on Function: reduction of the binding affinity of fluoroquinolones to DNA gyrase leading to reduced susceptibility
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and antibiotic susceptibility testing; association with resistance
Source Database: Reslit

604

Analysis of intrahospital and global dissemination and resistome dynamics of NDM-1-producing ST773 Pseudomonas aeruginosa high-risk clone.

PMID 40264752 · 2025

mutation leads to decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: mutation leads to decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

605

Identification of a Potential High-Risk Clone and Novel Sequence Type of Carbapenem-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Metro Manila, Philippines.

PMID 40298520 · 2025

found in multiple isolates

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

606

Identification of genetic determinants of antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori isolates in Vietnam by high-throughput sequencing.

PMID 40312324 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D91Y

Protein Change: D91Y
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Effect on Function: confer resistance to LVX
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

607

Genomic characterization of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Shanghai, China: antibiotic resistance, virulence and transmission.

PMID 40342723 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G, A90V
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: WGS and DST
Source Database: Reslit

608

Non-typhoidal Salmonella transmission reservoirs in Sub-Saharan Africa: a genomic assessment from a one health perspective.

PMID 40361223 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83V gyrA: p.S83A gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genotypic detection via ResFinder
Source Database: Reslit

609

Comparative genomic analysis of Flavobacterium species causing columnaris disease of freshwater fish in Thailand: insights into virulence and resistance mechanisms.

PMID 40389923 · 2025

Mutations in gyrA were associated with decreased susceptibility to quinolones and fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, S83V, S83A, D87Y
Organisms: Flavobacterium oreochromis, Flavobacterium covae, Flavobacterium davisii
Confers Resistance To: oxolinic acid|enrofloxacinenrofloxacinfluoroquinolones|quinolones
Validation Method: antimicrobial susceptibility testing and sequence analysis; genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

610

Mechanisms of fluoroquinolone resistance among Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infections in Thailand.

PMID 40445988 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N, D87Y
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: DNA sequencing; PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

611

Phenotypic and whole genome-based characterization of antibiotic resistance of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from chicken livers.

PMID 40451080 · 2025

Point mutation in the subunit A of the DNA gyrase gene

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G88A gyrA: p.G88C gyrA: p.D89N gyrA: p.D89G gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94H gyrA: p.D94N

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: confers resistance to ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

612

Identification and quantification of gyrA variants in fluoroquinolone-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a MeltArray reaction.

PMID 40459255 · 2025

All mutations are in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: G88A, G88C, D89N, D89G, A90V, S91P, D94G, D94A, D94H, D94N
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: MeltArray MTB/FQs assay
Source Database: Reslit

613

Dogs fed raw meat-based diets are vectors of drug-resistant Salmonella infection in humans.

PMID 40467866 · 2025

Mutation in quinolone resistance-determining region

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87G
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Effect on Function: mutation in quinolone resistance-determining region
Validation Method: antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST); antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

614

Clostridioides difficile evolution in a tertiary German hospital through a retrospective genomic characterization.

PMID 40483626 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T82I
Organisms: Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and epsilometer MIC analysis
Source Database: Reslit

615

Genomic insights into antibiotic-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from outpatients in Minhang District in Shanghai.

PMID 40506473 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.S91P

Protein Change: D87Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

616

Whole-Genome Sequence-Based Diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains Isolated from a Central Western Region of Mexico.

PMID 40559556 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G, S91P
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|moxifloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: genotypic resistance analysis
Source Database: Reslit

617

Variants of β-lactamase-encoding genes are disseminated by multiple genetically distinct lineages of bloodstream Escherichia coli.

PMID 40595425 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

618

Genomic analysis and antimicrobial resistance in human- and poultry-derived Campylobacter jejuni isolates from Hangzhou, China.

PMID 40625622 · 2025

The T86I mutation was predominant, detected in 91.5% (43/47) of isolates.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I, T86V
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacinquinolones
Validation Method: mutation analysis; sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

619

Genomic Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence Profiles in Escherichia coli Linked to Sternal Bursitis in Chickens: A One Health Perspective.

PMID 40711335 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.734fs gyrA: p.S38Y

Protein Change: S83L
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

620

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Human Health Implications of Salmonella enterica and Campylobacter spp. in Vermont Backyard Poultry.

PMID 40734185 · 2025

Frameshift at 734 leads to premature stop codon at 818.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: 734fs, S38Y
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinnalidixic acid
Validation Method: genotypic testing; genotypic and phenotypic testing
Source Database: Reslit

621

Analysis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium from nucleic acid amplification test specimens, Nunavut region of Inuit Nunangat, Canada, 2020-2023.

PMID 40801545 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.M95I gyrA: p.D998A gyrA: p.D998Y gyrA: p.F108I gyrA: p.F108Y

Protein Change: M95I, D998A, D998Y, F108I, F108Y
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

622

Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from human milk of asymptomatic women or women with acute mastitis.

PMID 40815168 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S80L

Protein Change: S80L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

623

In vitro evolution provides insights into mechanisms of Mycoplasma genitalium resistance to moxifloxacin.

PMID 40971933 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D99Y gyrA: p.M95I

Protein Change: D99Y, M95I
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: amplicon sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

624

Molecular Characteristics of Epidemiologically Successful Salmonella Enteritidis in Poland.

PMID 40994553 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S464Y

Protein Change: S83Y, D87Y, S83F, S464Y
Organisms: Salmonella Enteritidis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

625

Antimicrobial-Resistant Clonal Complex 11 Neisseria meningitidis-Associated Urethritis Cluster, Thailand.

PMID 41017063 · 2025

Mutations in gyrA were associated with increased ciprofloxacin MICs in Nm UC-B subclade isolates.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T91F gyrA: p.D95A gyrA: p.T91I

Protein Change: T91F, D95A, T91I
Organisms: Neisseria meningitidis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

626

Genomic and phenotypic characterization of antimicrobial resistance in clinical Nocardia species isolates.

PMID 41050760 · 2025

Mutations in gyrA correlate with ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83A gyrA: p.S83T gyrA: p.S83V gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.S83W

Protein Change: S83A, S83T, S83V, S83L, S83W
Organisms: N. cyriacigeorgica, N. otitidiscaviarum, N. terpenica, N. sp, N. wallacei
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis and phenotypic correlation
Source Database: Reslit

627

Analysis of the microbial spectrum of urinary tract infections and antibiotic resistance of UPEC in Central Inner Mongolia, China.

PMID 41070133 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S87R gyrA: p.S87I gyrA: p.S87F gyrA: p.S87V gyrA: p.A88P gyrA: p.A88V gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.D91Y gyrA: p.D91A

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: Sequencing of PCR-amplified genes
Source Database: Reslit

628

In Vitro Activity of Delafloxacin Against Corynebacterium spp.

PMID 41148666 · 2025

Mutations in the QRDR of gyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in Corynebacterium spp.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87R, S87I, S87F, S87V, A88P, A88V, D91G, D91Y, D91A
Organisms: Corynebacterium spp.
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

629

Global genomic survey of Salmonella Kentucky: discovery of a chromosomeborne bla(NDM-5) and the emergence of ST314, an MDR clone mediated by the IncR plasmid.

PMID 41183222 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94H

Protein Change: D87Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid|ofloxacin
Validation Method: mutation analysis in strains
Source Database: Reslit

630

Genomic characterization of XDR Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in Argentina (2006-2015).

PMID 41249964 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G, A90V, D94A, D94H
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

631

Integrative review on Acinetobacter baumannii as a multidrug-resistant pathogen: resistance mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives in the context of nosocomial infections.

PMID 41259442 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: experimental data generated in this study
Source Database: Reslit

632

Whole genome sequencing-based detection of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis from Ethiopia.

PMID 41354901 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

633

Molecular epidemiology of drug resistance and transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Meigu County, Sichuan Province, China.

PMID 41459972 · 2026

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: WGS
Source Database: Reslit

634

Detection and Preliminary Genomic Characterization of Poultry-Derived Salmonella enterica from Southern Kazakhstan.

PMID 41463698 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

635

Genomic epidemiology of Salmonella Typhimurium and its monophasic variants in Southern China: A spatiotemporal and source attribution analysis.

PMID 41552425 · 2026

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: comparison against reference genes from S. typhimurium LT2
Source Database: Reslit

636

Whole Genome Sequencing of Drug-Resistant Vibrio cholerae Serotype Ogawa from an Outbreak in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.

PMID 41599023 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Effect on Function: mutations in gyrA confer resistance to quinolones and fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and antibiotic susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

637

Drug-resistant genes, virulence characteristics, and molecular typing of clindamycin-resistant Streptococcus agalactiae in late pregnancy.

PMID 41641354 · 2025

Dual mutation with parC_S79Y

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D82A gyrA: p.A51V gyrA: p.A67S gyrA: p.G81C gyrA: p.S83W gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.Q106H gyrA: p.A84P gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: S81L
Organisms: Streptococcus agalactiae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

638

Gatifloxacin activity against quinolone-resistant gyrase: allele-specific enhancement of bacteriostatic and bactericidal activities by the C-8-methoxy group.

PMID 10582891 · 1999

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D82A, A51V, A67S, G81C, S83W, D87N, Q106H, A84P, D87Y
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

639

Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the DNA gyrase (gyrA) gene from Mycoplasma hominis and characterization of quinolone-resistant mutants selected in vitro with trovafloxacin.

PMID 10991851 · 2000

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S153L gyrA: p.E157K gyrA: p.A189E

Protein Change: S153L, E157K, A189E
Organisms: Mycoplasma hominis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin|sparfloxacin|trovafloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

640

Correlation of in vitro susceptibilities to newer quinolones of naturally occurring quinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains with changes in GyrA and ParC.

PMID 11181352 · 2001

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S91F gyrA: p.S91Y gyrA: p.D95G gyrA: p.D95N

Protein Change: S91F, S91Y, D95G, D95N
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

641

High-level ciprofloxacin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: first report from Israel.

PMID 11266311 · 2001

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S91L

Protein Change: S91L
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

642

Contributions of the 8-Methoxy Group of Gatifloxacin to Resistance Selectivity, Target Preference, and Antibacterial Activity against Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 11353607 · 2001

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S81F gyrA: p.S81Y

Protein Change: S81F, S81Y
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: selection of mutant strains and MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

643

DNA Gyrase-Mediated Natural Resistance to Fluoroquinolones in Ehrlichia spp.

PMID 11408229 · 2001

Mutations in the gyrA gene contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance in E. chaffeensis, E. canis, and C. ruminantium.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S79A gyrA: p.G81A

Protein Change: S79A, G81A
Organisms: Ehrlichia chaffeensis, Ehrlichia canis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequence analysis and in vitro susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

644

Mechanisms and frequency of resistance to gatifloxacin in comparison to AM-1121 and ciprofloxacin in Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID 11557465 · 2001

mutations in gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83T
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: mutant selection and MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

645

Genetic analyses of mutations contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 11709333 · 2001

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: genetic transformation
Source Database: Reslit

646

Type II topoisomerase quinolone resistance-determining regions of Aeromonas caviae, A. hydrophila, and A. sobria complexes and mutations associated with quinolone resistance.

PMID 11796341 · 2002

Mutation at position 83 in gyrA leads to quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.E88K gyrA: p.S84L gyrA: p.S84K gyrA: p.S81F gyrA: p.S81Y

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Aeromonas caviae, A. hydrophila, A. sobria
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|oxolinic acid|pipemidic acid|flumequine|norfloxacin|pefloxacin|ofloxacin|sparfloxacin|ciprofloxacin|enrofloxacin
Effect on Function: confers resistance
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

647

Topoisomerase II and IV quinolone resistance-determining regions in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical isolates with different levels of quinolone susceptibility.

PMID 11850246 · 2002

Mutations in gyrA were found in 9 of 32 strains

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.I70V

Protein Change: I70V
Organisms: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

648

In vitro activities of novel nonfluorinated quinolones PGE 9262932 and PGE 9509924 against clinical isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae with defined mutations in DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV.

PMID 12019071 · 2002

Mutations in gyrA are associated with quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: E88K, S84L, S84K, S81F, S81Y
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

649

Inhibitory activities of quinolones against DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV of Enterococcus faecalis.

PMID 12019093 · 2002

Mutations in gyrA were associated with increased levofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84R

Protein Change: S84R
Organisms: Enterococcus faecalis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: genetic analysis and MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

650

Role of electronic data exchange in an international outbreak caused by Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium DT204b.

PMID 12095445 · 2002

Decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S81Y gyrA: p.S81F

Protein Change: D87G
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: LightCycler gyrA mutation assay
Source Database: Reslit

651

Activities of mutant prevention concentration-targeted moxifloxacin and levofloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae in an in vitro pharmacodynamic model.

PMID 12878526 · 2003

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81Y, S81F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

652

Mutations in Topoisomerase Genes of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Salmonellae in Hong Kong.

PMID 14576119 · 2003

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin|sparfloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin|gemifloxacin
Validation Method: direct nucleotide sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

653

Comparison of mismatch amplification mutation assay with DNA sequencing for characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID 14766821 · 2004

Mutations in gyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in N. gonorrhoeae.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Mismatch amplification mutation assay (MAMA) and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

654

Salmonella enterica serotype Choleraesuis: epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical disease, and treatment.

PMID 15084503 · 2004

Mutations in gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

655

Ciprofloxacin Dimers Target Gyrase in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 15155208 · 2004

Mutation in gyrA confers resistance to ciprofloxacin dimers and ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.G81D gyrA: p.S83A gyrA: p.D82N

Protein Change: S81F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and RFLP analysis
Source Database: Reslit

656

Single-nucleotide polymorphism mutation spectra and resistance to quinolones in Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis with a mutator phenotype.

PMID 15215081 · 2004

Mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA were associated with resistance to quinolones.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87G, S83F, D87N, G81D, S83A, D82N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acidciprofloxacin|enoxacinciprofloxacinnalidixic acid
Effect on Function: Target modification
Validation Method: colony hybridization and DNA sequencing; DNA sequencing
Source Database: ReslitResFinder Database

657

Activities of Different Fluoroquinolones against Bacillus anthracis Mutants Selected In Vitro and Harboring Topoisomerase Mutations

PMID 15273116 · 2004

The wild-type GyrA with Ser85Leu mutation conferred resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S85L

Protein Change: S85L
Organisms: Bacillus anthracis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

658

Fluoroquinolone resistance in penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae clones, Spain.

PMID 15504260 · 2004

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.Y75F

Protein Change: Y75F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|gatifloxacin|moxifloxacin|gemifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and transformation experiments
Source Database: Reslit

659

Prevalence and molecular analysis of macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance among isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae collected during the 2000-2001 PROTEKT US Study.

PMID 15528684 · 2004

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

660

Detection of gyrA and parC mutations associated with ciprofloxacin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae by use of oligonucleotide biochip technology.

PMID 15583317 · 2004

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: biochip assay and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

661

Nalidixic acid-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi presenting as a primary psoas abscess: case report and review of the literature.

PMID 15695728 · 2005

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: point mutations in the gyrA and parC genes
Source Database: Reslit

662

Fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella Paratyphi A.

PMID 15714664 · 2005

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR amplification and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

663

In vitro assessment of the further potential for development of fluoroquinolone resistance in Neisseria meningitidis.

PMID 15855492 · 2005

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T91I
Organisms: Neisseria meningitidis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: increased ciprofloxacin MIC
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

664

Application of an in vitro infection model and simulation for reevaluation of fluoroquinolone breakpoints for Salmonella enterica serotype typhi.

PMID 15855495 · 2005

Mutations in gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing of the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDR)
Source Database: Reslit

665

Relative fitness of fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 15963274 · 2005

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84L gyrA: p.S85P gyrA: p.E88K

Protein Change: S81F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

666

Pharmacodynamic evidence that ciprofloxacin failure against tuberculosis is not due to poor microbial kill but to rapid emergence of resistance.

PMID 16048921 · 2005

Single-step mutation in gyrA leads to ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S95N

Protein Change: S95N
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: mutation frequency determination
Source Database: Reslit

667

Use of a three-dimensional microarray system for detection of levofloxacin resistance and the mecA gene in Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID 16207982 · 2005

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L, S85P, E88K
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing by hybridization
Source Database: Reslit

668

DX-619, a novel des-fluoro(6) quinolone manifesting low frequency of selection of resistant Staphylococcus aureus mutants: quinolone resistance beyond modification of type II topoisomerases.

PMID 16304172 · 2005

Found in mutants DX-619-C and DX-619-E

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A26V

Protein Change: A26V
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: allelic exchange
Source Database: Reslit

669

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium strains are difficult to select in the absence of AcrB and TolC.

PMID 16377664 · 2006

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.A131G

Protein Change: S83Y, D87G, A131G
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

670

Novel gyrase mutations in quinolone-resistant and -hypersusceptible clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: functional analysis of mutant enzymes.

PMID 16377674 · 2006

Mutations in gyrA and gyrB were associated with quinolone resistance or hypersusceptibility.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003295

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T80A gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.A90G gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94H gyrA: p.D472H

Protein Change: T80A, A90V, A90G, D94G, D94H, D472H
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: quinolonesfluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant; multiple resistance variants; co-dependent single resistance variant
Validation Method: MIC determination and enzyme inhibition assays
Source Database: ReslitCard Database

671

Multidrug resistance in Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium from humans in France (1993 to 2003).

PMID 16517842 · 2006

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: S83F, D87N, D87Y
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

672

Characterization of antimicrobial-resistant Salmonella isolated from imported foods.

PMID 16541678 · 2006

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87E
Organisms: Salmonella
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

673

Antimicrobial susceptibilities of thermophilic Campylobacter from humans, swine, and chicken broilers.

PMID 16639939 · 2006

mutation in gyrA leads to quinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|enrofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and by mismatch amplification mutation assay (MAMA) PCR
Source Database: Reslit

674

Activity of gatifloxacin in an in vitro pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model against Staphylococcus aureus strains either susceptible to ciprofloxacin or exhibiting various levels and mechanisms of ciprofloxacin resistance.

PMID 16723548 · 2006

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: gatifloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

675

Mechanism of drug resistance in clonally related clinical isolates of Vibrio fluvialis isolated in Kolkata, India.

PMID 16801422 · 2006

Mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region of gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Vibrio fluvialis
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

676

The Anti-Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Quinolone WCK 771 Has Potent Activity against Sequentially Selected Mutants, Has a Narrow Mutant Selection Window against Quinolone-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, and Preferentially Targets DNA Gyrase

PMID 16940059 · 2006

Mutations in gyrA confer resistance to WCK 771 and other quinolones.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81F
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: confers resistance
Validation Method: susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

677

Disseminated gonococcal infection in an immunocompetent patient caused by an imported Neisseria gonorrhoeae multidrug-resistant strain.

PMID 17021122 · 2006

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.E21Q gyrA: p.S95T

Protein Change: S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

678

Fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 17073107 · 2006

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.Q118K

Protein Change: Q118K
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and transformation experiments
Source Database: Reslit

679

Detection of multidrug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 17108078 · 2007

mutations in gyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: E21Q, S95T
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

680

Fitness costs of fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 17116668 · 2007

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S81Y gyrA: p.E85K gyrA: p.S81F

Protein Change: S81Y, E85K, S81F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin|gatifloxacin
Validation Method: transformation and MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

681

Lateral gene transfer in vitro in the intracellular pathogen Chlamydia trachomatis.

PMID 17122345 · 2007

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83R

Protein Change: S83R
Organisms: Chlamydia trachomatis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

682

Fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae: area under the concentration-time curve/MIC ratio and resistance development with gatifloxacin, gemifloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin.

PMID 17296740 · 2007

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S81Y gyrA: p.S114G

Protein Change: S81Y, S114G
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

683

Development of experimental genetic tools for Campylobacter fetus.

PMID 17513579 · 2007

Mutation in gyrA leads to ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T83I gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.G71E gyrA: p.L123*gyrA: p.Y91*gyrA: p.R186H gyrA: p.V58A gyrA: p.G89S gyrA: p.R143Q gyrA: p.T83V gyrA: p.R209S gyrA: p.W138*

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter fetus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

684

Salmonella enterica serovar typhi: molecular analysis of strains with decreased susceptibility and resistant to ciprofloxacin in india from 2001-2003.

PMID 17873998 · 2007

Single mutation in five NARST strains

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D76N

Protein Change: D76N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

685

Resistance mechanisms of multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from Germany and correlation with hypermutation.

PMID 17876002 · 2007

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I, D87N, G71E, L123*, Y91*, R186H, V58A, G89S, R143Q, T83V, R209S, W138*
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

686

Ureaplasma urealyticum meningitis in an adult patient.

PMID 18174297 · 2008

Mutation in quinolone resistance-determining region

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D95E

Protein Change: D95E
Organisms: Ureaplasma urealyticum
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

687

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium, China.

PMID 18325271 · 2008

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S91F gyrA: p.D95G gyrA: p.D95A gyrA: p.D95N

Protein Change: S83F, D87N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: point mutations identified in 35 of 36 nalidixic acid-resistant isolates
Source Database: Reslit

688

Relation between genetic markers of drug resistance and susceptibility profile of clinical Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains.

PMID 18378705 · 2008

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F, D95G, D95A, D95N
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

689

Ciprofloxacin resistance in Neisseria meningitidis, France.

PMID 18680672 · 2008

Additional mutations in gyrA were identified in Cip-R1.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T91I gyrA: p.N103D gyrA: p.I111V gyrA: p.V120I

Protein Change: T91I, N103D, I111V, V120I
Organisms: Neisseria meningitidis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and transformation
Source Database: Reslit

690

A case of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi treated with a bench to bedside approach.

PMID 19259362 · 2009

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: allele-specific PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

691

Rapid determination of quinolone resistance in Acinetobacter spp.

PMID 19297590 · 2009

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR/ESI-MS and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

692

Rapid assessment of the effect of ciprofloxacin on chromosomal DNA from Escherichia coli using an in situ DNA fragmentation assay.

PMID 19364397 · 2009

Mutation in GyrA associated with reduced ciprofloxacin sensitivity.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: exposure to ciprofloxacin and measurement of DNA fragmentation
Source Database: Reslit

693

Clonal population structure and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni in chicken meat from Belgium.

PMID 19411429 · 2009

Mutation in gyrA confers resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: PCR screening
Source Database: Reslit

694

Beijing genotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis is significantly associated with high-level fluoroquinolone resistance in Vietnam.

PMID 19721073 · 2009

The A90V mutation in gyrA was found to be associated with high-level fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Effect on Function: confers resistance
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

695

Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi with CTX-M beta-lactamase, Germany.

PMID 19788837 · 2009

Mutation in gyrA leads to reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.R90G gyrA: p.D94F

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

696

Pyrosequencing for rapid detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to rifampin, isoniazid, and fluoroquinolones.

PMID 19846642 · 2009

Mutation Information

Protein Change: R90G, D94F
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: pyrosequencing
Source Database: Reslit

697

Fitness costs and stability of a high-level ciprofloxacin resistance phenotype in Salmonella enterica serotype enteritidis: reduced infectivity associated with decreased expression of Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 genes.

PMID 19917752 · 2010

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.S83F

Protein Change: D87Y, S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: mutations in gyrA confer resistance to ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR amplification and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

698

Complete genome sequence of the multiresistant taxonomic outlier Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA7.

PMID 20107499 · 2010

Mutation in gyrA contributes to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

699

Antimicrobial resistance, class 1 integrons, and genomic island 1 in Salmonella isolates from Vietnam.

PMID 20195474 · 2010

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87N
Organisms: Salmonella Typhimurium
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|norfloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: AS-PCR-RFLP and nucleotide sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

700

High prevalence of mutations in quinolone-resistance-determining regions and mtrR loci in polyclonal Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates at a tertiary hospital in Southern Taiwan.

PMID 20206836 · 2010

Mutations in gyrA were associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F, D95G
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: gene sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

701

Emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae in Lebanon: a report of three cases.

PMID 20869671 · 2010

Mutations in parC and gyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in S. pneumoniae.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T81I

Protein Change: T81I
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

702

Use of an in vitro pharmacodynamic model to derive a moxifloxacin regimen that optimizes kill of Yersinia pestis and prevents emergence of resistance.

PMID 21115791 · 2011

Single point mutation in gyrA associated with increased moxifloxacin MIC.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94F gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P

Protein Change: G81C
Organisms: Yersinia pestis
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of mutants from dose range study
Source Database: Reslit

703

Fluoroquinolone and quinazolinedione activities against wild-type and gyrase mutant strains of Mycobacterium smegmatis.

PMID 21383100 · 2011

The G89C mutation in gyrA was shown to increase susceptibility to quinazolinediones but decrease susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G89C

Protein Change: G89C
Organisms: Mycobacterium smegmatis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

704

Association of mutation patterns in gyrA/B genes and ofloxacin resistance levels in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from East China in 2009.

PMID 21443804 · 2011

The S95T mutation in gyrA was a natural polymorphism and not considered a resistance mechanism.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94A, D94G, D94N, D94Y, D94F, A90V, S91P
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

705

Performance assessment of the GenoType MTBDRsl test and DNA sequencing for detection of second-line and ethambutol drug resistance among patients infected with multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 21562102 · 2011

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.G88C gyrA: p.D94G / c.GAT -> GGG

Protein Change: A90V, D94N, D94Y, G88C, D94G
Nucleotide Change: GAT -> GGG
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: GenoType MTBDR sl test and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

706

Effect of efflux pump inhibitors on drug susceptibility of ofloxacin resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates.

PMID 21623040 · 2011

Seven isolates showed mutations at codon Asp94Tyr, Asp94Val, Asp94Gly, Gly88Arg, Arg98Leu, and Ser95Thr.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94V gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.G88R gyrA: p.R98L gyrA: p.S95T

Protein Change: D94Y, D94V, D94G, G88R, R98L, S95T
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

707

Analysis of the resistome of a multidrug-resistant NDM-1-producing Escherichia coli strain by high-throughput genome sequencing.

PMID 21746951 · 2011

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones|fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: mutated topoisomerase
Validation Method: Genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

708

Pseudomonas aeruginosa: resistance to the max.

PMID 21747788 · 2011

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.N87I gyrA: p.N87Y gyrA: p.N87H gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.D91Y gyrA: p.A97V gyrA: p.A97N gyrA: p.A84P gyrA: p.A88V gyrA: p.S83A

Protein Change: S83L
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: experimental validation
Source Database: Reslit

709

Who's Winning the War? Molecular Mechanisms of Antibiotic Resistance in Helicobacter pylori.

PMID 21765819 · 2008

Multiple mutations in the QRDR of gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance in H. pylori.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87K, N87I, N87Y, N87H, D91G, D91N, D91Y, A97V, A97N, A84P, A88V, S83A
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|gatifloxacin|levofloxacinlevofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

710

Antistaphylococcal activities of the new fluoroquinolone JNJ-Q2

PMID 21911562 · 2011

Single Ser84Leu GyrA substitution elevated JNJ-Q2 MICs by 4-fold

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of PCR products
Source Database: Reslit

711

Drug-resistance mechanisms in Vibrio cholerae O1 outbreak strain, Haiti, 2010.

PMID 22099122 · 2011

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

712

Mycobacterium tuberculosis population structure determines the outcome of genetics-based second-line drug resistance testing.

PMID 22330913 · 2012

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

713

The Acinetobacter baumannii Oxymoron: Commensal Hospital Dweller Turned Pan-Drug-Resistant Menace.

PMID 22536199 · 2012

Mutations in gyrA are often accompanied by mutations in parC.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A74S gyrA: p.D94G

Protein Change: S83L
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

714

New insights into fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: functional genetic analysis of gyrA and gyrB mutations.

PMID 22761889 · 2012

Mutations in gyrA were analyzed for their impact on fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A74S, D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

715

Detection of antibiotic resistance in leprosy using GenoType LepraeDR, a novel ready-to-use molecular test.

PMID 22860144 · 2012

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A91V
Organisms: Mycobacterium leprae
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR sequencing and DNA strip test
Source Database: Reslit

716

Pneumococci can persistently colonize adult patients with chronic respiratory disease.

PMID 23052300 · 2012

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81F, S81Y, E85K
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: PCR amplification and sequencing of gyrA gene
Source Database: Reslit

717

Increased survival of antibiotic-resistant Escherichia coli inside macrophages.

PMID 23089747 · 2013

The mutation was found to confer resistance to nalidixic acid.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87Y
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: competition assays with susceptible strain
Source Database: Reslit

718

Salmonella typhi in the democratic republic of the congo: fluoroquinolone decreased susceptibility on the rise.

PMID 23166855 · 2012

Mutations at codons 83 and 87 in the gyrA gene were associated with decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility (DCS).

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.A90E gyrA: p.A90G gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.S91A gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94H gyrA: p.D94V gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94G

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs)
Source Database: Reslit

719

Triplex real-time PCR melting curve analysis for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutations associated with resistance to second-line drugs in a single reaction.

PMID 23288402 · 2013

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, A90E, A90G, S91P, S91A, D94N, D94Y, D94H, D94V, D94A, D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: real-time PCR melting curve analysis
Source Database: ReslitResFinder Database

720

A genomic portrait of the emergence, evolution, and global spread of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus pandemic.

PMID 23299977 · 2013

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

721

Identification of an NDM-5-producing Escherichia coli Sequence Type 167 in a Neonatal Patient in China.

PMID 27406405 · 2016

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

722

Abstracts from the 3rd International Genomic Medicine Conference (3rd IGMC 2015) : Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. 30 November - 3 December 2015.

PMID 27454254 · 2016

Wild type gyrA genes were found in 4/18 phenotypic FQ resistant NTS isolates

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87I gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.N87Y gyrA: p.D91Y

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

723

Surveillance of Levofloxacin Resistance in Helicobacter pylori Isolates in Bogotá-Colombia (2009-2014).

PMID 27454429 · 2016

Mutations in gyrA are associated with levofloxacin resistance in H. pylori.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87I, D91G, N87K, D91N, N87Y, D91Y
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: direct sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

724

South Asia as a Reservoir for the Global Spread of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Shigella sonnei: A Cross-Sectional Study.

PMID 27483136 · 2016

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: phylogenetic analysis and mutation mapping
Source Database: Reslit

725

Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Mycoplasma genitalium, Southwestern France.

PMID 27533360 · 2016

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A93T

Protein Change: A93T
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

726

Genetic characterization of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli associated with bovine mastitis in India.

PMID 27536030 · 2016

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S81L gyrA: p.E85K

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin|enrofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

727

Molecular Characteristics of Group B Streptococci Isolated from Adults with Invasive Infections in Japan.

PMID 27558182 · 2016

Amino acid substitutions in gyrA confer quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81L, E85K
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

728

Genomic Analysis of the Evolution of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Prior to Tuberculosis Diagnosis.

PMID 27572408 · 2016

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: clone isolation and MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

729

Longitudinal survey of Clostridium difficile presence and gut microbiota composition in a Belgian nursing home.

PMID 27716140 · 2016

Mutation in the gyrA gene associated with moxifloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81L
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

730

Novel Levofloxacin-Resistant Multidrug-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 11A Isolates, South Korea.

PMID 27767906 · 2016

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|ofloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of QRDRs
Source Database: Reslit

731

De Novo Emergence of Genetically Resistant Mutants of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the Persistence Phase Cells Formed against Antituberculosis Drugs In Vitro.

PMID 27895008 · 2017

Mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of the gyrA gene

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T95A

Protein Change: T95A
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

732

Evaluation of Machine Learning and Rules-Based Approaches for Predicting Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles in Gram-negative Bacilli from Whole Genome Sequence Data.

PMID 27965630 · 2016

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.S83Y

Protein Change: S83T
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: attribute selection
Source Database: Reslit

733

Contribution of target alteration, protection and efflux pump in achieving high ciprofloxacin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae.

PMID 28004362 · 2016

Mutations in gyrA gene were identified in several Enterobacteriaceae isolates.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N, S83Y
Organisms: Escherichia spp., Enterobacter spp., Klebsiella spp., Salmonella spp.
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

734

Mutation Supply and Relative Fitness Shape the Genotypes of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Escherichia coli.

PMID 28087782 · 2017

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94A

Protein Change: D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: confers resistance to ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: mutant construction and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

735

FIND Tuberculosis Strain Bank: a Resource for Researchers and Developers Working on Tests To Detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Related Drug Resistance.

PMID 28100602 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G, D94A
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|moxifloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

736

Some Synonymous and Nonsynonymous gyrA Mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lead to Systematic False-Positive Fluoroquinolone Resistance Results with the Hain GenoType MTBDRsl Assays.

PMID 28137812 · 2017

Mutations in gyrA lead to false-positive fluoroquinolone resistance results

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T80A gyrA: p.A90G gyrA: p.A90A gyrA: p.I92I gyrA: p.D94D gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94H gyrA: p.S91P

Protein Change: T80A, A90G, A90A, I92I, D94D, D94A, D94N, D94Y, D94G, D94H, S91P
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: binding assays
Source Database: Reslit

737

Clarithromycin-Based Triple Therapy is Still Useful as an Initial Treatment for Helicobacter pylori Infection in the Dominican Republic.

PMID 28193745 · 2017

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87I gyrA: p.N87T gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.D91Y

Protein Change: N87I, N87T, N87K, D91G, D91N, D91Y
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

738

The ST131 Escherichia coli H22 subclone from human intestinal microbiota: Comparison of genomic and phenotypic traits with those of the globally successful H30 subclone.

PMID 28347271 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

739

Introduction and establishment of fluoroquinolone-resistant Shigella sonnei into Bhutan.

PMID 28348825 · 2015

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.S83F

Protein Change: D87G
Organisms: Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: Known effect : resistance to fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

740

Genomic analysis of Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi A during an outbreak in Cambodia, 2013-2015.

PMID 28348832 · 2016

Mutation associated with decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83Y, S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acidnalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of the quinolone-resistance-determining region (QRDR) of the gyrA gene; genomic sequencing and antibiotic susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

741

Whole-Genome Sequencing of Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Isolates from Dairy Cattle and Humans in New York and Washington States Reveals Source and Geographic Associations.

PMID 28389536 · 2017

Mutations in gyrA are associated with quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.S83Y

Protein Change: D87N, D87Y, S83Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

742

Noninvasive molecular analysis of Helicobacter pylori: Is it time for tailored first-line therapy?

PMID 28465629 · 2017

Five point mutations in this site, able to induce resistance to this antibiotic, have been observed.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87K
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

743

Genomic Analysis of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli from North Carolina Community Hospitals: Ongoing Circulation of CTX-M-Producing ST131-H30Rx and ST131-H30R1 Strains.

PMID 28584139 · 2017

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.G75S gyrA: p.G81C

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

744

Time-Resolved Tracking of Mutations Reveals Diverse Allele Dynamics during Escherichia coli Antimicrobial Adaptive Evolution to Single Drugs and Drug Pairs.

PMID 28596757 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87G, D87Y, G75S, G81C
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: recombineering and IC90 determination; recombineering and growth rate analysis
Source Database: Reslit

745

Diagnostic Performance of the GenoType MTBDRplus and MTBDRsl Assays to Identify Tuberculosis Drug Resistance in Eastern China.

PMID 28639565 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, D94G
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: GenoType MTBDR sl assay
Source Database: Reslit

746

Prevalence and Molecular Characterization of Second-Line Drugs Resistance among Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates in Southwest of China.

PMID 28798931 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofx
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

747

Emerging multidrug resistance in community-associated Staphylococcus aureus involved in skin and soft tissue infections and nasal colonization.

PMID 28859442 · 2017

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G154R gyrA: p.D87N

Protein Change: L84S
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic testing
Source Database: Reslit

748

Genomics and Susceptibility Profiles of Extensively Drug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolates from Spain.

PMID 28874376 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: G154R, D87N
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and phenotypic testing
Source Database: Reslit

749

Epidemic characterization and molecular genotyping of Shigella flexneri isolated from calves with diarrhea in Northwest China.

PMID 28878891 · 2017

Mutations in gyrA and parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N, D87Y
Organisms: Shigella flexneri
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|norfloxacin|enrofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing the quinolone resistance determining regions (QRDRs) of the fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates revealed two point mutations in gyrA (S83 L, D87N/Y) and a single point mutation in parC (S80I)
Source Database: Reslit

750

The effects of different enrofloxacin dosages on clinical efficacy and resistance development in chickens experimentally infected with Salmonella Typhimurium.

PMID 28916830 · 2017

Mutations in QRDR region of gyrA gene associated with enrofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.A1401G

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of PCR-amplified DNA; MIC testing and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

751

Extensively drug resistant tuberculosis in Mali: a case report.

PMID 29110699 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G, A1401G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genotypic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

752

Characterization of antimicrobial resistance markers & their stability in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi.

PMID 29205190 · 2017

Mutations in gyrA were identified as the mechanism for nalidixic acid resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: disc diffusion susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

753

Profiling Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance Markers of Enterovirulent Escherichia Coli from Fecal Isolates of Adult Patients with Enteric Infections in West Cameroon.

PMID 32864313 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid|ofloxacin|norfloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

754

Secondary Antibiotic Resistance, Correlation between Genotypic and Phenotypic Methods and Treatment in Helicobacter pylori Infected Patients: A Retrospective Study.

PMID 32872117 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: N87K, D91G
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and E-test
Source Database: Reslit

755

Phylogenetic and Evolutionary Analysis Reveals the Recent Dominance of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Shigella sonnei and Local Persistence of S. flexneri Clones in India.

PMID 33028681 · 2020

Mutations in gyr A contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87G, D87N, D87Y
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid|norfloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

756

Genotype profiles of Helicobacter pylori from gastric biopsies and strains with antimicrobial-induced resistance.

PMID 33029198 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.G91D

Protein Change: N87K, D91N, G91D
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: transformation and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

757

The impact of therapeutic-dose induced intestinal enrofloxacin concentrations in healthy pigs on fecal Escherichia coli populations.

PMID 33032597 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

758

Trends in Population Dynamics of Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131, Calgary, Alberta, Canada, 2006-2016

PMID 33219650 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

759

Macrolide and fluoroquinolone associated mutations in Mycoplasma genitalium in a retrospective study of male and female patients seeking care at a STI Clinic in Guangzhou, China, 2016-2018.

PMID 33308173 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.S83L

Protein Change: M95I
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

760

Selection of Resistant Bacteria in Mallards Exposed to Subinhibitory Concentrations of Ciprofloxacin in Their Water Environment.

PMID 33318021 · 2021

Both mutations were shown to confer resistance to ciprofloxacin in the study.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87Y, S83L
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Competition experiments in mallards showing enrichment of the mutant strain at sub-MIC concentrations of ciprofloxacin.
Source Database: Reslit

761

Escherichia coli-associated granulomatous colitis in dogs treated according to antimicrobial susceptibility profiling.

PMID 33321554 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T239M gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.D91N

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|enrofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

762

Genomic Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance Genotype-to-Phenotype Agreement in Helicobacter pylori.

PMID 33374988 · 2020

Includes novel point mutations found in resistant isolates.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T239M, N87K, D91N
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: genotype-to-phenotype correlation
Source Database: Reslit

763

Whole Genome Sequence-Based Prediction of Resistance Determinants in High-Level Multidrug-Resistant Campylobacter jejuni Isolates in Lithuania.

PMID 33383765 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87I gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.D91Y

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

764

Comparison of the Diagnostic Performance of qPCR, Sanger Sequencing, and Whole-Genome Sequencing in Determining Clarithromycin and Levofloxacin Resistance in Helicobacter pylori.

PMID 33392106 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87I, N87K, D91N, D91G, D91Y
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: qPCR followed by Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

765

Epidemic and molecular characterization of fluoroquinolone-resistant Shigella dysenteriae 1 isolates from calves with diarrhea.

PMID 33407134 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Shigella dysenteriae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

766

Comparative genomics of Staphylococcus epidermidis from prosthetic-joint infections and nares highlights genetic traits associated with antimicrobial resistance, not virulence.

PMID 33439116 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.C251T

Protein Change: C251T
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genome-wide association study
Source Database: Reslit

767

Characterization of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolates from Jurong Lake, Singapore with Whole-Genome-Sequencing.

PMID 33499011 · 2021

Mutations in gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

768

Current Evidence for Corynebacterium on the Ocular Surface.

PMID 33513871 · 2021

Mutations in gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance in Corynebacterium species.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87E
Organisms: Corynebacterium macginleyi
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

769

In-host population dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex during active disease.

PMID 33522489 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A94V

Protein Change: A94V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and analysis of allele frequency changes
Source Database: Reslit

770

In Vitro and In Vivo Activities of TP0480066, a Novel Topoisomerase Inhibitor, against Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID 33558293 · 2021

The Asp95Asn mutation in gyrA was identified in ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D95N
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

771

Implanted Port Catheter System Infection Caused by Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ST71-SCCmec type III.

PMID 33583884 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

772

Reflex Detection of Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae by Use of the SpeeDx ResistancePlus GC Assay.

PMID 33658263 · 2021

Wild-type gyrA is susceptible to ciprofloxacin

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84R gyrA: p.S84I gyrA: p.S105F

Protein Change: S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: molecular detection via ResistancePlus GC assay
Source Database: Reslit

773

Genomic and phenotypic diversity of Enterococcus faecalis isolated from endophthalmitis.

PMID 33852628 · 2021

Mutations in gyrA and parC were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84R, S84I, S105F
Organisms: Enterococcus faecalis
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin|ofloxacinciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing; MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

774

Whole genome-based characterisation of antimicrobial resistance and genetic diversity in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli from ruminants.

PMID 33903652 · 2021

mutation in gyrA gene associated with quinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94H gyrA: p.A90V

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Source Database: Reslit

775

Five-year microevolution of a multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain within a patient with inadequate compliance to treatment.

PMID 33926375 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94H, A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacinofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: Whole genome sequencing and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

776

The role of chemotaxis and efflux pumps on nitrate reduction in the toxic regions of a ciprofloxacin concentration gradient.

PMID 33927341 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87G
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and MIC assay
Source Database: Reslit

777

Salmonella Typhi acquires diverse plasmids from other Enterobacteriaceae to develop cephalosporin resistance.

PMID 33965548 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

778

Azithromycin and Ciprofloxacin Treatment Outcomes During an Outbreak of Multidrug-Resistant Shigella sonnei Infections in a Retirement Community-Vermont, 2018.

PMID 33993224 · 2022

associated with decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

779

Emergence of Invasive Serotype Ib Sequence Type 10 Group B Streptococcus Disease in Chinese Infants Is Driven by a Tetracycline-Sensitive Clone.

PMID 34055663 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81L
Organisms: Streptococcus agalactiae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

780

Novel Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Parameters Quantify the Exposure-Effect Relationship of Levofloxacin against Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli.

PMID 34063980 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: genotyping and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

781

Current status of Helicobacter pylori resistance to Clarithromycin and Levofloxacin in Malaysia-findings from a molecular based study.

PMID 34178444 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D91N

Protein Change: D91N
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

782

Bactericidal activities and post-antibiotic effects of ofloxacin and ceftriaxone against drug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi.

PMID 34179968 · 2021

Single point mutation in the QRDR of the gyrA gene

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: D87G
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: molecular typing
Source Database: Reslit

783

Molecular characterization of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli from broiler breeder farms.

PMID 34182220 · 2021

Mutations in gyrA are associated with high-level fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N, S83I, D87Y
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|enrofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

784

Molecular Characterization and Survive Abilities of Salmonella Heidelberg Strains of Poultry Origin in Brazil.

PMID 34220757 · 2021

Mutation in gyrA subunit A

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella Heidelberg
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: point mutation detection
Source Database: Reslit

785

Molecular Characterization of Cephalosporin and Fluoroquinolone Resistant Salmonella Choleraesuis Isolated from Patients with Systemic Salmonellosis in Thailand.

PMID 34356765 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87G
Organisms: Salmonella Choleraesuis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

786

Molecular characterization of a ceftriaxone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain found in Switzerland: a case report.

PMID 34362393 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S91F gyrA: p.S91Y gyrA: p.D95N gyrA: p.D95Y

Protein Change: S91F, D95A
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing and phenotypic susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

787

Antimicrobial Resistance Profiling and Phylogenetic Analysis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Clinical Isolates From Kenya in a Resource-Limited Setting.

PMID 34385981 · 2021

Mutations in GyrA disrupt hydrogen bonding with ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F, S91Y, D95N, D95Y
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and mutation analysis; homology modeling
Source Database: Reslit

788

Whole genome sequence based capsular typing and antimicrobial resistance prediction of Group B streptococcal isolates from colonized pregnant women in Nigeria.

PMID 34425756 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P

Protein Change: S81L
Organisms: Streptococcus agalactiae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: WGS prediction
Source Database: Reslit

789

Whole genome sequencing of clinical samples reveals extensively drug resistant tuberculosis (XDR TB) strains from the Beijing lineage in Nigeria, West Africa.

PMID 34462504 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, S91P
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

790

Multiple introductions of multidrug-resistant typhoid associated with acute infection and asymptomatic carriage, Kenya.

PMID 34515028 · 2021

detected in 33 genomes (23% of H58)

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Source Database: Reslit

791

Genomic Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms of Imported Typhoid in Australia.

PMID 34543095 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

792

The molecular basis of extensively drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi isolates from pediatric septicemia patients.

PMID 34582469 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.S83A gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella Typhi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

793

Emergence of mcr-1-Harboring Salmonella enterica Serovar Sinstorf Type ST155 Isolated From Patients With Diarrhea in Jiangsu, China.

PMID 34603249 · 2021

Mutations in gyrA contribute to ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87G, D87N, S83A, S83L, D87Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

794

Impact of target site mutations and plasmid associated resistance genes acquisition on resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii to fluoroquinolones.

PMID 34635692 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of amplified gene fragments
Source Database: Reslit

795

Natural Horizontal Gene Transfer of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Campylobacter spp. From Turkeys and Swine.

PMID 34646252 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

796

Genomic Analysis of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Kentucky ST198 From Spanish Hospitals.

PMID 34675895 · 2021

Common mutation in ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

797

Phylogenetic and antimicrobial drug resistance analysis of Vibrio cholerae O1 isolates from Ghana.

PMID 34714228 · 2021

Mutations in the gyrA and parC genes were identified using CholeraeFinder with manual identification of mutations sites.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: CholeraeFinder with manual identification of mutations sites
Source Database: Reslit

798

Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni from Human Campylobacteriosis in Taiwan, 2016 to 2019.

PMID 34748382 · 2022

Mutations in gyrA confer resistance to quinolones and fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.S91P

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: quinolones|fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

799

Transition of Serotype 35B Pneumococci From Commensal to Prevalent Virulent Strain in Children.

PMID 34765566 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S123N

Protein Change: S123N
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

800

Genome evolution drives transcriptomic and phenotypic adaptation in Pseudomonas aeruginosa during 20 years of infection.

PMID 34826267 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A83T

Protein Change: A83T
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: experimental validation
Source Database: Reslit

801

Correlation of gyr Mutations with the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of Fluoroquinolones among Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates in Bangladesh.

PMID 34832578 · 2021

Mutations in the gyrA gene are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in MDR-TB isolates.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, D94G, D94A, D94N, D94Y, S91P
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin|levofloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: phenotypic drug susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

802

Hydrogel Droplet Microarray for Genotyping Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates.

PMID 34833187 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D95N gyrA: p.T91I

Protein Change: S91F, D95A
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: microarray analysis and MIC data
Source Database: Reslit

803

Antibiotic resistance among invasive Neisseria meningitidis isolates in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (2010/11 to 2018/19).

PMID 34843604 · 2021

Mutations in gyrA contribute to ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D95N, T91I
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

804

Transcriptional Response of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates to Ciprofloxacin Stress.

PMID 34876946 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94Y

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

805

Putative extensive and pre-extensive drug resistant-tuberculosis associated with unusual genotypes on the Thailand-Myanmar border.

PMID 34878043 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G, D94Y
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: DNA sequencing and LPA
Source Database: Reslit

806

Extensive Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Isolated From Poultry and Humans: Prevalence and Molecular Determinants Behind the Co-resistance to Ciprofloxacin and Tigecycline.

PMID 34899627 · 2021

Mutations in gyrA gene were detected at codon S83 or D87 or both in 89.66% of XDR Salmonella.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83A gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.S83T gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83E gyrA: p.S83V gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.D87V gyrA: p.D87R gyrA: p.D87A gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.D87S gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87F gyrA: p.D87N

Protein Change: S83A, S83Y, S83T, S83F, S83E, S83V, S83L, S83I, D87V, D87R, D87A, D87Y, D87S, D87G, D87F, D87N
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

807

Performance of GenoType MTBDRsl assay for detection of second-line drugs and ethambutol resistance directly from sputum specimens of MDR-TB patients in Bangladesh.

PMID 34914803 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y

Protein Change: D94G, A90V, S91P, D94A, D94N, D94Y
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: MTBDR sl assay
Source Database: Reslit

808

Characterization of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Isolates from Diseased Pigs in 15 Chinese Provinces from 2012 to 2018.

PMID 34946215 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: transformation of E. coli C600 with plasmid carrying gyrA (86T-I) and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

809

Antibiotic resistance of Mycoplasma Synoviae strains isolated in China from 2016 to 2019.

PMID 34980113 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.E804G

Protein Change: E804G
Organisms: Mycoplasma synoviae
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

810

Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Novel Sequence Types of Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, With Heterogeneous Resistance Determinants and Targeted Variations in Efflux Operons.

PMID 35002996 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

811

Whole-Genome Sequencing Reveals the High Nosocomial Transmission and Antimicrobial Resistance of Clostridioides difficile in a Single Center in China, a Four-Year Retrospective Study.

PMID 35019676 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T82I
Organisms: Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: detection in resistant isolates using BLASTn
Source Database: Reslit

812

Molecular Characterization of Mycobacterium ulcerans DNA Gyrase and Identification of Mutations Reducing Susceptibility to Quinolones In Vitro.

PMID 35041504 · 2022

The Ala91Val mutation in GyrA reduces susceptibility to quinolones.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A91V
Organisms: Mycobacterium ulcerans
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Effect on Function: reduced sensitivity to quinolones
Validation Method: supercoiling assay and inhibition assay
Source Database: Reslit

813

Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Study of Helicobacter pylori Isolates from Myanmar and Their Susceptibility to Antibiotics.

PMID 35056645 · 2022

mutations associated with levofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S293L

Protein Change: S293L
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and association with antibiotic resistance
Source Database: Reslit

814

Whole-Genome Sequencing of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli From Human Infections in Finland Revealed Isolates Belonging to Internationally Successful ST131-C1-M27 Subclade but Distinct From Non-human Sources.

PMID 35058905 · 2021

Chromosomal quinolone resistance mutations in gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S91F gyrA: p.G95A

Protein Change: D87N, S83L
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: mutation detection in isolates
Source Database: Reslit

815

Neisseria gonorrhoeae FC428 Subclone, Vietnam, 2019-2020.

PMID 35076010 · 2022

associated with ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F, G95A
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

816

Optimizing Nanopore Sequencing for Rapid Detection of Microbial Species and Antimicrobial Resistance in Patients at Risk of Surgical Site Infections.

PMID 35171692 · 2022

Detected in Salmonella enterica

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D71Y gyrA: p.T82A gyrA: p.A118S

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones|quinolonesnalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and comparison with standard culture; alignment to Pointfinder database
Source Database: Reslit

817

Design, Synthesis, and Characterization of TNP-2198, a Dual-Targeted Rifamycin-Nitroimidazole Conjugate with Potent Activity against Microaerophilic and Anaerobic Bacterial Pathogens.

PMID 35175750 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D71Y, T82A, A118S
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

818

Research note: The resistome of commensal Escherichia coli isolated from broiler carcasses "produced without the use of antibiotics"(a).

PMID 35240351 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.D87A gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.A56T gyrA: p.E84G gyrA: p.S80I gyrA: p.S80R gyrA: p.S458A gyrA: p.V25I gyrA: p.E350Q

Protein Change: D87G, D87N, D87Y, D87A, S83L, A56T, E84G, S80I, S80R, S458A, V25I, E350Q
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

819

Drug resistance profiles and related gene mutations in slow-growing non-tuberculous mycobacteria isolated in regional tuberculosis reference laboratories of Iran: a three year cross-sectional study.

PMID 35261334 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: ?

Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

820

Clinical and Microbiological Characterization of Bloodstream Infections Caused by Mycoplasma hominis: An Overlooked Pathogen.

PMID 35286659 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S153L gyrA: p.S153A

Protein Change: S153L, S153A
Organisms: Mycoplasma hominis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: molecular analysis
Source Database: Reslit

821

Virulome and genome analyses identify associations between antimicrobial resistance genes and virulence factors in highly drug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from veal calves.

PMID 35298535 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: gene detection in MDR isolates
Source Database: Reslit

822

Epidemiological cut-off values for a 96-well broth microdilution plate for high-throughput research antibiotic susceptibility testing of M. tuberculosis.

PMID 35301246 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G, A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: genetic variant analysis
Source Database: Reslit

823

Virulence Determinants in Staphylococcus aureus Clones Causing Osteomyelitis in Italy.

PMID 35308345 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.A90V

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

824

Use of Whole-Genome Sequencing to Predict Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Drug Resistance from Early Positive Liquid Cultures.

PMID 35311541 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G, D94A, A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

825

Global population structure of the Serratia marcescens complex and identification of hospital-adapted lineages in the complex.

PMID 35315751 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.S83R gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87G

Protein Change: S83I, S83R, D87Y, D87N, D87G
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: gene characterization in clinical isolates
Source Database: Reslit

826

Global evolutionary dynamics and resistome analysis of Clostridioides difficile ribotype 017.

PMID 35316173 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T82I
Organisms: Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genotypic AMR data and association with spread
Source Database: Reslit

827

Draft Genome Sequence of a Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Sequence Type 44 Strain Carrying Multiple Antimicrobial Resistance Genes.

PMID 35323043 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

828

Genomics of human and chicken Salmonella isolates in Senegal: Broilers as a source of antimicrobial resistance and potentially invasive nontyphoidal salmonellosis infections.

PMID 35325007 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83L

Protein Change: S83F, D87N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

829

Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of Multidrug Resistant Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Strains in Kuwait.

PMID 35336083 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N, S83F, S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

830

Genome-wide analysis of antibiotic resistance genes and mutations in Helicobacter pylori strains

PMID 35354484 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87T gyrA: p.N87I gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.D91Y

Protein Change: N87T, N87I, D91G, D91Y
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and association analysis
Source Database: Reslit

831

Molecular Epidemiology and Antimicrobial Resistance of Clostridioides difficile in Hospitalized Patients From Mexico.

PMID 35360652 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T82I gyrA: p.L406I gyrA: p.D468N

Protein Change: T82I, L406I, D468N
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genome analysis
Source Database: Reslit

832

Assessment of listing and categorisation of animal diseases within the framework of the Animal Health Law (Regulation (EU) No 2016/429): antimicrobial-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in dogs and cats.

PMID 35515338 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

833

Evolution and spread of a highly drug resistant strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Papua New Guinea.

PMID 35524232 · 2022

associated with Fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87N

Protein Change: D94G
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: temporal phylogeny mapping
Source Database: Reslit

834

Characterisation of Salmonella Enteritidis ST11 and ST1925 Associated with Human Intestinal and Extra-Intestinal Infections in Singapore.

PMID 35565065 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87Y, D87G, S83Y, S83F, D87N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: norfloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

835

Outbreak of Imported Seventh Pandemic Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor, Algeria, 2018.

PMID 35608654 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

836

Mutational Switch-Backs Can Accelerate Evolution of Francisella to a Combination of Ciprofloxacin and Doxycycline.

PMID 35615518 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87Y
Organisms: Francisella tularensis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: mutant construction and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

837

Development and validation of next-generation sequencing panel for personalized Helicobacter pylori eradication treatment targeting multiple species.

PMID 39268485 · 2024

missense mutation in gyra associated with levofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87K
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and mutation analysis
Source Database: Reslit

838

Genetic Determinants of Clarithromycin and Fluoroquinolones Resistance in Helicobacter pylori in Serbia.

PMID 39452199 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84A gyrA: p.S84L

Protein Change: N87K, D91N
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: GenoType Helico DR kit
Source Database: Reslit

839

Dissecting the genetic features and evolution of Staphylococcus aureus sequence type 88: a global perspective.

PMID 39530695 · 2024

Present in most quinolone-resistant ST88 strains.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84A, S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

840

Survey in ruminants from Rwanda revealed high diversity and prevalence of extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales.

PMID 39563382 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

841

Increased Severity of Multidrug-Resistant Shigella sonnei Infections in People Experiencing Homelessness.

PMID 39570865 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87G
Organisms: Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

842

Salmonella Typhi Haplotype 58 biofilm formation and genetic variation in isolates from typhoid fever patients with gallstones in an endemic setting in Kenya.

PMID 39606745 · 2024

Point mutation in the Quinolone Resistance-Determining Region (QRDR)

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: phenotypic susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

843

Genomic epidemiology and genetic characteristics of clinical Campylobacter species cocirculating in West Bengal, India, 2019, using whole genome analysis.

PMID 39629976 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D82N gyrA: p.S83L / c.AGC->CTC

Protein Change: T86I
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: in silico identification via STARAMR
Source Database: Reslit

844

Genomic perspective on the bacillus causing paratyphoid B fever.

PMID 39658567 · 2024

Mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA and gyrB

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87Y, D87N, D82N, S83L
Nucleotide Change: AGC->CTC
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacinciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: detection in 20 isolates; detection in 12 isolates; detection in 6 isolates; detection in 3 isolates; disk diffusion and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

845

Intracellular Quantification of an Antibiotic Metal Complex in Single Cells of Escherichia coli Using Cryo-X-ray Fluorescence Nanoimaging.

PMID 39740123 · 2025

QRDR mutation in gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G67S

Protein Change: G67S
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

846

Helicobacter pylori resistance in Hainan Province, China: investigating phenotypes and genotypes through whole-genome sequencing.

PMID 39742338 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87I gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.N87K / c.A260G

Protein Change: N87I, D91N, N87K
Nucleotide Change: A260G
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and phenotypic testing; whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

847

Integrating Diagnostic Approaches in Infant Bacterial Meningitis Caused by a Non-K1 Escherichia coli: A Case Report.

PMID 39766534 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T91I gyrA: p.G89D gyrA: p.S91N gyrA: p.S91R

Protein Change: S83T
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

848

In vitro evolution of ciprofloxacin resistance in Neisseria commensals and derived mutation population dynamics in natural Neisseria populations.

PMID 39788725 · 2025

T91I mutation found in natural commensal populations of Neisseria and associated with elevated ciprofloxacin MICs.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T91I, G89D, S91N, S91R
Organisms: Neisseria cinerea, Neisseria elongata, Neisseria canis, Neisseria subflava, Neisseria
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: confers resistance to ciprofloxacin; confers resistance
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and MIC testing; experimental evolution and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

849

Fluoroquinolone-specific resistance trajectories in E. coli and their dependence on the SOS-response.

PMID 39838279 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.D87A

Protein Change: D87N, S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

850

Detection of Delafloxacin Resistance Mechanisms in Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.

PMID 39858348 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83Y, D87A
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: delafloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

851

Molecular Epidemiology and In-Depth Characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates from Armenia.

PMID 39859219 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87A

Protein Change: S83I, S83F, D87A
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

852

De novo acquisition of antibiotic resistance in six species of bacteria.

PMID 39907470 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica, Yersinia enterocolitica, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Bacillus subtilis, Acinetobacter pittii
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

853

Whole-genome sequencing of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates from a tertiary hospital in Terengganu, Malaysia (2011-2020), revealed the predominance of the Global Clone 2 lineage.

PMID 39908088 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D72G gyrA: p.H45Q gyrA: p.T83I gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: S81L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

854

Targeting efflux pumps prevents the multi-step evolution of high-level resistance to fluoroquinolone in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 39982069 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D72G, H45Q, T83I, D87Y
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

855

Eradication of Helicobacter pylori reshapes gut microbiota and facilitates the evolution of antimicrobial resistance through gene transfer and genomic mutations in the gut.

PMID 40000989 · 2025

Genomic mutations in gyrA contributed to resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T80I

Protein Change: T80I
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

856

Whole genomic analysis uncovers high genetic diversity of rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains in Botswana.

PMID 40008038 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94G

Protein Change: A90V, D94A, D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genotypic resistance
Source Database: Reslit

857

Wastewater based genomic surveillance key to population level monitoring of AmpC/ESBL producing Escherichia coli.

PMID 40033002 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.S83Y

Protein Change: D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

858

Prevalence and characterization of ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica spp. isolated from food animals during 2010-2023 in South Korea.

PMID 40091866 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87N, D87G, D87Y, S83Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and mutation analysis
Source Database: Reslit

859

Overcoming antibiotic-resistant Helicobacter pylori infection: Current challenges and emerging approaches.

PMID 40093672 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S87L gyrA: p.G91R

Protein Change: S87L, G91R
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: experimental validation via sequencing and resistance profiling
Source Database: Reslit

860

Predomination of hypervirulent ST283 and genetic diversity of levofloxacin resistance in multidrug-resistant, hypervirulent Streptococcus agalactiae in Thailand.

PMID 40100264 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87T gyrA: p.N87I gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.D91Y

Protein Change: S81L
Organisms: Streptococcus agalactiae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and AMR profiling
Source Database: Reslit

861

Detection of Helicobacter pylori and the Genotypes of Resistance to Clarithromycin, Fluoroquinolones, and Metronidazole in Gastric Biopsies: An In Silico Analysis to Help Understand Antibiotic Resistance.

PMID 40136441 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87T, N87I, N87K, D91Y
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: in silico analysis
Source Database: Reslit

862

Phenotypic and Genomic Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Factors Determinants in Salmonella Heidelberg Isolated from Broiler Chickens.

PMID 40218396 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella Heidelberg
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

863

Genomic analyses reveal presence of extensively drug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from clinical samples in Guizhou province, China, 2019-2023.

PMID 40226105 · 2025

Mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs)

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87N, D87G, D87Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Source Database: Reslit

864

Brief antibiotic use drives human gut bacteria towards low-cost resistance.

PMID 40269166 · 2025

Mutations in gyrA were found to occur de novo within the gut and persist long after antibiotic exposure, with no measurable fitness cost.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.E87K

Protein Change: S83F, S83L, E87K
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Targeted amplification and sequencing of gyrA regions in 8 populations, showing de novo mutations and their persistence.
Source Database: Reslit

865

Current rates of Helicobacter pylori infection and antibiotic resistance in the eastern coast of China: a single center study.

PMID 40292221 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87K, D91G
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: qPCR
Source Database: Reslit

866

Genomic insights into the spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus involved in ear infections.

PMID 40329191 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|sitafloxacin|nemonoxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

867

Whole genome sequencing reveals virulence-mobile element linkages and phylogenetic diversity in multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli from Nigeria.

PMID 40400676 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

868

Genomic analysis of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) causing infections in children-a Spanish multicenter study.

PMID 40415924 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.S83Y

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: presence in isolates with fluoroquinolone resistance
Source Database: Reslit

869

Comprehensive analysis of extensive drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi in Gujarat region, India: genomic findings and prospective alternative therapy.

PMID 40422861 · 2025

mutation in QRDR region

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, S83L, S83Y
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: WGS and phenotypic resistance testing
Source Database: Reslit

870

Genomic and machine learning approaches to predict antimicrobial resistance in Stenotrophomonas maltophilia.

PMID 40530807 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A248T

Protein Change: A248T
Organisms: Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: machine learning and experimental validation
Source Database: Reslit

871

Genomic insights into antimicrobial resistance and virulence of E. coli in central Ethiopia: a one health approach.

PMID 40556891 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: chromosomal mutation analysis
Source Database: Reslit

872

Antibiotics Resistance Profile of Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Obtained from Farwaniya Hospital in Kuwait Using Phenotypic and Molecular Methods.

PMID 40558129 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

873

Variable In Vitro Efficacy of Delafloxacin on Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the Detection of Delafloxacin Resistance Determinants.

PMID 40558132 · 2025

mutation in quinolone-resistance-determining region

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.V172I

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

874

Antibiotic Resistance and Genetic Determinants of Helicobacter pylori in Oman: Insights from Phenotypic and Whole-Genome Analysis.

PMID 40565090 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87K, D91G, V172I
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

875

Exploring the potential role of GyrA inhibiting quinoline analog: an in silico study.

PMID 40594094 · 2025

All mutations are in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T83I gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: T83I, D87G, D87N, D87Y
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Effect on Function: stabilizing; destabilizing
Validation Method: molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations
Source Database: Reslit

876

Strain sharing and mobile genetic elements shape the interconnected resistomes of Campylobacter coli in Brazil.

PMID 40597109 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.D91Y gyrA: p.D91G

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

877

Clinical evaluation of a novel H. pylori fecal molecular diagnosis kit (multiplex RT-PCR method) for detecting clarithromycin and fluoroquinolones resistance using stool samples.

PMID 40625832 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87K, D91N, D91Y, D91G
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

878

Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance profiles of clinical Clostridioides difficile isolates collected from private and public health settings in South Africa.

PMID 40637760 · 2025

Mutation in the DNA gyrase A (gyrA) associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.S83T / c.G249C

Protein Change: T82I
Organisms: Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

879

Genomic snapshot of Klebsiella spp. isolates from clinically ill animals reveal diverse lineages with limited relatedness to human isolates.

PMID 40640834 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, S83T
Nucleotide Change: G249C
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

880

Genomic characterization of multidrug-resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Vibrio cholerae O1 strains from 2022 cholera outbreak in Kenya.

PMID 40658488 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

881

Molecular and genomic insights into multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa causing burn wound infections in Bangladesh.

PMID 40659765 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

882

Genomic analysis reveals two dominant strains of Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale in Austria and Hungary with distinct multidrug resistance profiles.

PMID 40689607 · 2025

Mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR)

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S82F

Protein Change: S82F
Confers Resistance To: ampicillin
Validation Method: treeWAS analysis
Source Database: Reslit

883

Detection of the ST111 Global High-Risk Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clone in a Subway Underpass.

PMID 40729000 · 2025

associated with quinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.H211Y gyrA: p.A221V gyrA: p.A221E gyrA: p.I222N gyrA: p.H221Y

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Effect on Function: confers quinolone resistance
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

884

Analyzing Shigella in Wuhan: Serotypes, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Public Health Implications.

PMID 40756687 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N, D87G, H211Y, A221V, A221E, I222N, H221Y
Organisms: Shigella flexneri
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

885

Plasmid-driven clonal expansion of multidrug-resistant monophasic Salmonella Typhimurium in a Global Food Trade Hub.

PMID 40785095 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.S83F

Protein Change: D87N, D87Y, S83F
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: detection in isolates
Source Database: Reslit

886

Emerging Clostridioides difficile strains belonging to PCR ribotype 955 in Serbia are distinct from metronidazole-resistant RT955 outbreak isolates from the UK.

PMID 40793837 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T82I
Organisms: Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: AMRFinderPlus analysis
Source Database: Reslit

887

Improving health and productivity in laying hens with the phage cocktail SalmoFree®.

PMID 40812135 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: S83Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

888

Genomic evolution of Salmonella Dublin in cattle and humans in the United States.

PMID 40827877 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87N, D87G, S83Y, D87Y
Organisms: Salmonella Dublin
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

889

The effect of commonly used non-antibiotic medications on antimicrobial resistance development in Escherichia coli.

PMID 40855113 · 2025

Mutations in GyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance, leading to reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

Mutations in gyrA, such as S83L and D87G, reduce susceptibility to fluoroquinolones, contributing to ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: S83L, D87G, D87Y
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing; mutation analysis and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

890

Susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to Zoliflodacin and Quinolones in Hyogo Prefecture, Japan.

PMID 40872341 · 2025

associated with high non-susceptibility to quinolones

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|garenoxacin|sitafloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing analysis
Source Database: Reslit

891

Paratyphoid fever and the genomics of Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A in Taiwan.

PMID 40934281 · 2025

Detected in 64 isolates.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S95T gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D89N gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

892

Evaluation of the Xpert MTB/XDR test for detection of isoniazid, fluoroquinolones, and second-line injectable drugs resistance to Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Anhui Province, China.

PMID 40938850 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, S95T, D94G, S91P, D89N, D94A, D94N, D94Y
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

893

Characteristics of quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from wildlife in Poland.

PMID 41023203 · 2025

Mutations in QRDR region are associated with high MIC values

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87G

Protein Change: S83L, D87N, D87Y
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

894

Phenotypic and genomic analysis of the emerging poultry pathogen Enterococcus cecorum in UK isolates.

PMID 41026502 · 2025

Mutation in gyrA confers resistance to enrofloxacin.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83V

Protein Change: S83V
Organisms: Enterococcus cecorum
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis and phenotypic resistance testing; point mutation detection
Source Database: Reslit

895

Genomic and epidemiological characteristics of Shigella boydii in Australia, 1991-2022.

PMID 41129717 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N, D87Y, S83L, D87G
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Genome assembly and AMR determinant screening
Source Database: Reslit

896

Acquisition of novel antibiotic resistance genes by the bacterial predator Bacteriovorax sp. As-1.

PMID 41182260 · 2025

S90Y mutation associated with reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S90Y gyrA: p.G94R

Protein Change: S90Y, G94R
Organisms: Bacteriovorax sp.
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequence alignment and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

897

A contemporary genomic snapshot of Salmonella Paratyphi A in Pakistan.

PMID 41217957 · 2025

Multiple point mutations in gyrA were identified, contributing to ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D82N

Protein Change: S83F, S83Y, D87Y, D87N, D82N
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

898

First nationwide survey on Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Bolivia: susceptibility profiles, resistome, and genomic epidemiology.

PMID 41218134 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.N87I gyrA: p.N87Y gyrA: p.A88P gyrA: p.A88V gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.D91Y

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

899

Assessment of target-enrichment library preparation and next-generation sequencing of paraffin-embedded gastric biopsies for H. pylori diagnosis and evaluation of virulome and resistome.

PMID 41233511 · 2025

Detected in samples 4, 5, 7, 10, 11, 13, 14, 17, 19, 20, 22, 23, 26, 27, 29

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87K, N87I, N87Y, A88P, A88V, D91G, D91N, D91Y
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: targeted sequencing and mutation analysis; target enrichment
Source Database: Reslit

900

Genomic insights into novel ST7947 carbapenem-resistant hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae: a threat from an Indian hospital setting.

PMID 41250062 · 2025

Mutations in GyrA (V54I, F83Y, A87G) responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.V54I gyrA: p.F83Y gyrA: p.A87G

Protein Change: V54I, F83Y, A87G
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

901

Tracking the evolution of an extensively drug-resistant cross-border Mycobacterium tuberculosis cluster, Europe, January 2016 up to August 2025: implications for European surveillance.

PMID 41267660 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94G

Protein Change: D94Y, D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

902

Combating Klebsiella pneumoniae: from antimicrobial resistance mechanisms to phage-based combination therapies.

PMID 41278478 · 2025

Mutations in gyrA contribute to quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87A

Protein Change: S83I, S83F, D87A
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacinnalidixic acid|levofloxacin
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

903

Genetic Determinants and Clonal Composition of Levofloxacin-Resistant Streptococcus agalactiae Isolates from Bulgaria.

PMID 41301616 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S81L gyrA: p.E85K gyrA: p.E85A

Protein Change: S81L, E85K, E85A
Organisms: Streptococcus agalactiae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

904

Fluoroquinolone and Second-Line Injectable Resistance Among Rifampicin- and Isoniazid-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Clinical Isolates: A Molecular Study from a High-Burden Setting.

PMID 41304156 · 2025

mutations in gyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.G88C

Protein Change: D94G, S91P, A90V, D94N, D94Y, G88C
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

905

Emergence and regional spread of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST307 at a Japanese tertiary-care hospital.

PMID 41384734 · 2026

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.H59Y gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.N87S

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

906

A first look into the genomic characterization and fluoroquinolone resistance genotypes of Mycoplasma spp. in Colombian poultry.

PMID 41401692 · 2026

Mutations detected in MG field strains.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: H59Y, S83I, N87S
Organisms: Mycoplasma gallisepticum
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesenrofloxacin
Validation Method: sequence analysis; bioinformatic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

907

A novel one-tube nested fluorescence melting curve analysis for rapid detection of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 41420205 · 2025

All mutations were confirmed by DNA sequencing.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G88C gyrA: p.G88A gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94H gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94G

Protein Change: G88C, G88A, A90V, S91P, D94N, D94Y, D94H, D94A, D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: OTN-FMCA and Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

908

Resistance to Clarithromycin and Fluoroquinolones in Helicobacter pylori Isolates: A Prospective Molecular Analysis in Western Romania.

PMID 41463726 · 2025

gyr 87MUT profile

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87K, D91N
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: GenoType HelicoDR assay
Source Database: Reslit

909

Genomic Insights into bla(NDM-5)-Producing Escherichia coli ST648 Isolates from Human and Wildlife Sources in Lebanon.

PMID 41472027 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

910

Molecular resistance mechanisms to newly approved antibiotics (2017-2025) in WHO priority pathogens.

PMID 41608681 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D82N

Protein Change: D82N
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: linked to reduced clinical efficacy in trial settings
Source Database: Reslit

911

Molecular characterization of mcr-1.1-harboring multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from chicken in the United Arab Emirates: implications for one health surveillance.

PMID 41640947 · 2025

Mutations in gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N, D87Y
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

912

Genetic diversity of fluoroquinolone-nonsusceptible Streptococcus pneumoniae clinical isolates and the first identification of serotype 20B in China.

PMID 24091745 · 2014

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S114G

Protein Change: S114G
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

913

Antibiotic resistance determinants of a group of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in China.

PMID 24619228 · 2014

mutation in QRDR of gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S94P gyrA: p.S90P

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

914

Evaluation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis cross-resistance to isoniazid, rifampicin and levofloxacin with their respective structural analogs.

PMID 24894185 · 2014

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S94P, S90P
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

915

Whole genome and transcriptome analyses of environmental antibiotic sensitive and multi-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates exposed to waste water and tap water.

PMID 25186059 · 2015

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S95T gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94E gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S94A

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: target modification
Validation Method: genome analysis
Source Database: Reslit

916

Characterization of extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates circulating in Siberia.

PMID 25186134 · 2014

associated with ofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S95T, D94A, D94N, D94E, D94G, D94Y, S91P, A90V, S94A
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing; sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

917

Moxifloxacin resistance in the F15/LAM4/KZN extensively drug-resistant strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 25187730 · 2014

The A90V mutation in gyrA was associated with high-level resistance to fluoroquinolones in XDR isolates.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin|ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

918

Phenotypic and genotypic analysis of Clostridium difficile isolates: a single-center study.

PMID 25275005 · 2014

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T82I
Organisms: Clostridium difficile
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and antibiotic susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

919

Phenotypic and molecular characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in Bangladesh.

PMID 25302491 · 2014

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S81F gyrA: p.S81Y gyrA: p.S81N

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

920

Evaluation of gene mutations involved in drug resistance in mycobacterium tuberculosis strains derived from tuberculosis patients in mazandaran, iran, 2013.

PMID 25317406 · 2014

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D90N

Protein Change: D90N
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: line probe assay
Source Database: Reslit

921

Efflux-mediated resistance identified among norfloxacin resistant clinical strains of group B Streptococcus from South Korea.

PMID 25322878 · 2014

Mutations in gyrA were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81F, S81Y, S81N
Organisms: Streptococcus agalactiae
Confers Resistance To: norfloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing with reserpine
Source Database: Reslit

922

Spread of Streptococcus pneumoniae serotype 8-ST63 multidrug-resistant recombinant Clone, Spain.

PMID 25340616 · 2014

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81F, S81Y, E85K
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

923

The resistome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in relationship to phenotypic susceptibility.

PMID 25367914 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: mutations in gyrA that result in the loss of function of DNA gyrase, leading to resistance to fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis and susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

924

High resolution melting analysis for rapid mutation screening in gyrase and Topoisomerase IV genes in quinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica.

PMID 25371903 · 2014

missense mutation

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.E133G

Protein Change: D87N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

925

Trends in serotype distribution and antimicrobial susceptibility in Salmonella enterica isolates from humans in Belgium, 2009 to 2013.

PMID 25385108 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87N, E133G
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

926

Genomic signature of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar typhi isolates related to a massive outbreak in Zambia between 2010 and 2012.

PMID 25392358 · 2015

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.S83Y / c.TCT->TAC

Protein Change: D87N, S83Y
Nucleotide Change: TCT->TAC
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Source Database: Reslit

927

Unraveling Mycobacterium tuberculosis genomic diversity and evolution in Lisbon, Portugal, a highly drug resistant setting.

PMID 25407810 · 2014

Mutations in gyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94A

Protein Change: S91P, D94G, D94A
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

928

Draft Genome Sequences of Antibiotic-Resistant Commensal Escherichia coli.

PMID 25477397 · 2014

Strain CS05 shows resistance to nalidixic acid due to mutations in gyrA.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.E21Q gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.A384V gyrA: p.G668D

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Source Database: Reslit

929

Added value of whole-genome sequencing for management of highly drug-resistant TB.

PMID 25492392 · 2015

Conflicting evidence or evidence suggesting a weak association with a drug-resistant phenotype

Mutation Information

Protein Change: E21Q, A90V, D94Y, A384V, G668D
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

930

In vivo selection of resistant E. coli after ingestion of milk with added drug residues.

PMID 25506918 · 2014

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: experimental validation
Source Database: Reslit

931

Molecular epidemiology and genetic diversity of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from patients with community-onset infections in 30 Chinese county hospitals.

PMID 25520451 · 2015

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94H

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

932

Correlating Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations of ofloxacin and moxifloxacin with gyrA mutations using the genotype MTBDRsl assay.

PMID 25522842 · 2015

Mutations in gyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, S91P, D94A, D94N, D94G, D94H
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacinofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

933

Characterization of a multidrug-resistant, novel Bacteroides genomospecies.

PMID 25529016 · 2015

Substitution in gyrA known to confer resistance to fluoroquinolones

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S82F

Protein Change: S82F
Organisms: Bacteroides
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: BLAST search of the assembly against a database of previously described known factors
Source Database: Reslit

934

Molecular diagnosis of fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 25534742 · 2015

Mutations in gyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T80A gyrA: p.G88C gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94H gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.Q101E

Protein Change: T80A, G88C, A90V, S91P, D94A, D94G, D94H, D94N, D94Y, Q101E
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

935

The emergence of the 16S rRNA methyltransferase RmtB in a multidrug-resistant Serratia marcescens isolate in China.

PMID 25553305 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Serratia marcescens
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

936

GWAMAR: genome-wide assessment of mutations associated with drug resistance in bacteria.

PMID 25559874 · 2014

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91P
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: literature
Source Database: Reslit

937

Draft Genome Sequences of Two Drug-Resistant Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Obtained from Keratitis Patients in India.

PMID 25573941 · 2015

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G83D

Protein Change: G83D
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Comparative analysis with P. aeruginosa PAO1 genome
Source Database: Reslit

938

Fluoroquinolone-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from the milk of cows with clinical mastitis in Southern Taiwan.

PMID 25592882 · 2016

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.G88C gyrA: p.S95T gyrA: p.E21Q gyrA: p.G688D

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|enrofloxacin|levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

939

Low resistance to first and second line anti-tuberculosis drugs among treatment naive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in southwestern Uganda.

PMID 25658921 · 2015

Seven isolates initially showed FQ resistance by MTBDR sl, but sequencing revealed wild-type gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90A

Protein Change: A90A
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of gyrA gene
Source Database: Reslit

940

Clinical application of whole-genome sequencing to inform treatment for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis cases.

PMID 25673793 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, D94G, G88C, S95T, E21Q, G688D
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

941

Whole genome sequencing based characterization of extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Pakistan.

PMID 25719196 · 2015

Mutations in the gyrA gene associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A94G gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.S447F

Protein Change: A94G, A90V, D94G, D94Y, S91P, D94N, S447F
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

942

Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolates from canine urinary tract infections.

PMID 25720807 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|enrofloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

943

Identification and characterization of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Albert isolates in the United States.

PMID 25733501 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing analysis identified a single gyrA mutation (Ser83Tyr) in all isolates.
Source Database: Reslit

944

Activity of ceftazidime-avibactam against fluoroquinolone-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 25753646 · 2015

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.S83T

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, Proteus mirabilis, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

945

Comparative analysis of quinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli from Chinese children and adults.

PMID 25756041 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N, S83I, S83T
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

946

Transmission and microevolution of USA300 MRSA in U.S. households: evidence from whole-genome sequencing.

PMID 25759497 · 2015

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87A

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and ciprofloxacin susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

947

A novel technique for detecting antibiotic-resistant typhoid from rapid diagnostic tests.

PMID 25762768 · 2015

Mutations in gyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in S. Typhi.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87A
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR-RFLP and phenotypic susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

948

Identification and characterisation of a novel plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance gene, qnrVC7, in Vibrio cholerae of seafood origin.

PMID 25769785 · 2015

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.S85F

Protein Change: S83I, S85F
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Source Database: Reslit

949

Prevalence and fluoroquinolone resistance of pseudomonas aeruginosa in a hospital of South China.

PMID 25785142 · 2015

Mutation in gyrA (Thr83Ile) is linked to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94H gyrA: p.D94V gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.G88C gyrA: p.D500H gyrA: p.N538D gyrA: p.T539N gyrA: p.A543V

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

950

Frequency and geographic distribution of gyrA and gyrB mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates: a systematic review.

PMID 25816236 · 2015

Mutations in gyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G, D94A, D94N, D94Y, D94H, D94V, A90V, S91P, G88C, D500H, N538D, T539N, A543V
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|moxifloxacin|levofloxacinofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing; sequencing and phenotypic testing
Source Database: Reslit

951

Mutations conferring resistance to first- and second-line drugs in multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates in southeast Mexico.

PMID 25819011 · 2015

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.V196A

Protein Change: S95T
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

952

Comparative genomic analysis of two novel sporadic Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O104:H4 strains isolated 2011 in Germany.

PMID 25836671 · 2015

Strain 01-09591 revealed a GyrA S83L exchange

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83A

Protein Change: S83A
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: analysis of the genome sequences; genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

953

Enhanced resistance to fluoroquinolones in laboratory-grown mutants & clinical isolates of Shigella due to synergism between efflux pump expression & mutations in quinolone resistance determining region.

PMID 25857499 · 2015

Mutations in QRDR of gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N, V196A
Organisms: Shigella flexneri, Shigella dysenteriae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

954

Isolation of NDM-1-producing multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas putida from a paediatric case of acute gastroenteritis, India.

PMID 25893095 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas putida
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: amino acid substitution
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

955

Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Shigella sonnei Associated with Travel to India.

PMID 25897625 · 2015

Mutation in gyrA gene associated with ciprofloxacin resistance in Shigella sonnei.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

956

Hybrid Vibrio cholerae El Tor lacking SXT identified as the cause of a cholera outbreak in the Philippines.

PMID 25900650 · 2015

Point mutation in the gyrase gene (gyrA)

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84L gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.S83R

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: phenicols
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

957

Deoxynybomycins inhibit mutant DNA gyrase and rescue mice infected with fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria.

PMID 25907309 · 2015

Mutations in GyrA are responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance and are targeted by deoxynybomycin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L, S83I, S83R
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: in vitro DNA cleavage assay
Source Database: Reslit

958

Antimicrobial resistance and management of invasive Salmonella disease.

PMID 25912288 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N
Organisms: Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Paratyphi
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

959

Characterization and Genomic Analysis of Quinolone-Resistant Delftia sp. 670 Isolated from a Patient Who Died from Severe Pneumonia.

PMID 25935202 · 2015

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G88A gyrA: p.D89N gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94H

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Delftia sp.
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: experimental validation
Source Database: Reslit

960

Comparative Evaluation of Sloppy Molecular Beacon and Dual-Labeled Probe Melting Temperature Assays to Identify Mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Resulting in Rifampin, Fluoroquinolone and Aminoglycoside Resistance.

PMID 25938476 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: G88A, D89N, A90V, S91P, D94N, D94A, D94Y, D94G, D94H
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: melting temperature assay; analytical sensitivity testing
Source Database: Reslit

961

Draft Genome Sequence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strain E186hv of Beijing B0/W Lineage with Reduced Virulence.

PMID 25953188 · 2015

associated with ofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S95T
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

962

Emergence and spread of O16-ST131 and O25b-ST131 clones among faecal CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli in healthy individuals in Hunan Province, China.

PMID 25957581 · 2015

gyrA 1A

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83Y

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR analysis
Source Database: Reslit

963

Phylogeographical analysis of the dominant multidrug-resistant H58 clade of Salmonella Typhi identifies inter- and intracontinental transmission events.

PMID 25961941 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, S83Y
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

964

Structure based in silico analysis of quinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Salmonella Typhi from India.

PMID 25962113 · 2015

Mutations in the QRDR of gyrA are responsible for quinolone resistance in S. Typhi.

Mutations in DNA Gyrase alter the characteristics of the binding pocket resulting in the loss of crucial molecular interactions and consequently decrease the binding affinity of fluoroquinolones with the target protein.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.D87G

Protein Change: S83F, S83Y, D87Y, D87G
Organisms: Salmonella enterica, Salmonella Typhi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacinfluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: alter the characteristics of the binding pocket resulting in the loss of crucial molecular interactions and consequently decrease the binding affinity of fluoroquinolones with the target protein
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC determination; molecular docking and MD simulation; molecular modeling and docking study
Source Database: Reslit

965

Antimicrobial susceptibility of travel-related Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates detected in Switzerland (2002-2013) and molecular characterization of quinolone resistant isolates.

PMID 25963025 · 2015

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.D87N

Protein Change: S83F, S83Y, D87N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacinciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

966

Single-molecule sequencing reveals the molecular basis of multidrug-resistance in ST772 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID 25981586 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

967

Mechanisms of Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance and molecular testing.

PMID 25988160 · 2014

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.R237H gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.S83L

Protein Change: N87K, D91G
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: allele-specific PCR
Source Database: Reslit

968

'Supermutators' found amongst highly levofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolates: a rapid protocol for the detection of mutation sites.

PMID 26038761 · 2015

The gyrA-R237H mutation was strongly associated with HR isolates.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: R237H, D87N, S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of PCR amplicons
Source Database: Reslit

969

Shifts in the Antibiotic Susceptibility, Serogroups, and Clonal Complexes of Neisseria meningitidis in Shanghai, China: A Time Trend Analysis of the Pre-Quinolone and Quinolone Eras.

PMID 26057853 · 2015

Other mutations such as D95N were also observed in ciprofloxacin-intermediate strains.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T91I gyrA: c.C91A

Protein Change: T91I
Nucleotide Change: C91A
Organisms: Neisseria meningitidis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of quinolone-resistance-associated genes; PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

970

Transmitted Extended-Spectrum Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Beijing, China, with Discordant Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis Results.

PMID 26063862 · 2015

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.E21Q gyrA: p.S95T gyrA: p.G668D

Protein Change: S91P, E21Q, S95T, G668D
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: phenotypic DST
Source Database: Reslit

971

Correlation between GyrA substitutions and ofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin cross-resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 26100699 · 2015

Mutations in gyrA QRDR correlate with increased MICs for fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.D89N gyrA: p.D89G gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.G88C gyrA: p.S91P

Protein Change: A90V, D89N, D89G, D94A, D94Y, D94N, D94G, G88C, S91P
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

972

Differences in antibiotic-induced oxidative stress responses between laboratory and clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 26100702 · 2015

Mutation in gyrA confers resistance to ciprofloxacin

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G84R

Protein Change: G84R
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: cloning and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

973

Genome Analysis of the First Extensively Drug-Resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Malaysia Provides Insights into the Genetic Basis of Its Biology and Drug Resistance.

PMID 26110649 · 2015

associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.S95T gyrA: p.G668D

Protein Change: S91P, S95T, G668D
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis; polymorphism analysis
Source Database: Reslit

974

Second-line anti-tuberculosis drug resistance and its genetic determinants in multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates.

PMID 26117528 · 2016

Mutations in gyrA were associated with OFX resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

975

Emergence of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi in Italy.

PMID 26121266 · 2015

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D82N

Protein Change: D82N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: PCR and nucleotide sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

976

Inhibition of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Type II Topoisomerases by the Novel Spiropyrimidinetrione AZD0914.

PMID 26149691 · 2015

Mutation S91F in GyrA confers resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.S91P

Protein Change: S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: confers resistance to fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: mutant enzyme reconstitution and inhibition assays
Source Database: Reslit

977

Diagnostic Performance of the New Version (v2.0) of GenoType MTBDRsl Assay for Detection of Resistance to Fluoroquinolones and Second-Line Injectables Drugs: a Multicenter Study.

PMID 26179309 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, D94G, D94A, D94N, D94Y, S91P
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

978

Investigation of Nalidixic Acid Resistance Mechanism in Salmonella enterica Using Molecular Simulation Techniques.

PMID 26208690 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: molecular simulation and docking studies
Source Database: Reslit

979

Association between mutations in gyrA and parC genes of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates and ciprofloxacin resistance.

PMID 26221488 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

980

Capsule Switching and Antimicrobial Resistance Acquired during Repeated Streptococcus pneumoniae Pneumonia Episodes.

PMID 26269621 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: tosufloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

981

Efficacy of Ciprofloxacin for Treatment of Cholera Associated with Diminished Susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin to Vibrio cholerae O1.

PMID 26271050 · 2015

Mutation in gyrA gene associated with decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

982

Next generation genome sequencing reveals phylogenetic clades with different level of virulence among Salmonella Typhimurium clinical human isolates in Hong Kong.

PMID 26370680 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella Typhimurium
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

983

In Vivo Evolution of Bacterial Resistance in Two Cases of Enterobacter aerogenes Infections during Treatment with Imipenem.

PMID 26398358 · 2015

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S67A

Protein Change: S67A
Organisms: Enterobacter aerogenes
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin
Effect on Function: mutations in gyrA confer resistance to quinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and comparison to reference strains
Source Database: Reslit

984

Quinolone resistance and ornithine decarboxylation activity in lactose-negative Escherichia coli.

PMID 26413057 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin|ofloxacin
Effect on Function: reduced affinity of the drug for their targets
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

985

Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates.

PMID 26413058 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: confers quinolone resistance
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

986

Characterization of mannitol-fermenting methicillin-resistant staphylococci isolated from pigs in Nigeria.

PMID 26413075 · 2015

Additional substitutions in some isolates: Ser98Ile and Arg100Lys in S. lentus strain C4022; Glu88Asp and Asp96Thr in S. sciuri C3997 and S. lentus C4005

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus sciuri, Staphylococcus lentus, Staphylococcus cohnii, Staphylococcus haemolyticus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of QRDR of gyrA gene
Source Database: Reslit

987

Evolution of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis over Four Decades: Whole Genome Sequencing and Dating Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from KwaZulu-Natal.

PMID 26418737 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and drug susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

988

Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Investigation of H2S-Negative Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Choleraesuis Isolates in China.

PMID 26431037 · 2015

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83T gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.H80N gyrA: p.S83I

Protein Change: S83Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: norfloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

989

Increasing prevalence of ciprofloxacin-resistant food-borne Salmonella strains harboring multiple PMQR elements but not target gene mutations.

PMID 26435519 · 2015

Single or double mutations in gyrA and/or parC

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83T, S83F, D87N, H80N, S83I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

990

Determination of MICs of levofloxacin for Mycobacterium tuberculosis with gyrA mutations.

PMID 26459538 · 2015

Mutations in gyrA were correlated with levofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94H

Protein Change: A90V, S91P, D94A, D94N, D94Y, D94G, D94H
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: phenotypic drug susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

991

Stepwise evolution of pandrug-resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae.

PMID 26478520 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

992

Serotype Changes and Drug Resistance in Invasive Pneumococcal Diseases in Adults after Vaccinations in Children, Japan, 2010-2013.

PMID 26485679 · 2015

Ser81Phe substitution in GyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81F
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

993

Quinolone resistance mutations in the faecal microbiota of Swedish travellers to India.

PMID 26498929 · 2015

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: massively parallel amplicon sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

994

Alterations in the Quinolone Resistance-Determining Regions and Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Clinical Isolates and Laboratory-Derived Mutants of Mycoplasma bovis: Not All Genotypes May Be Equal.

PMID 26637606 · 2016

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S94A gyrA: p.E90V

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Mycoplasma bovis
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin|danofloxacin|marbofloxacin
Effect on Function: confers resistance
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC assays
Source Database: Reslit

995

Drug resistance characteristics and cluster analysis of M. tuberculosis in Chinese patients with multiple episodes of anti-tuberculosis treatment.

PMID 26739444 · 2016

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S94A, E90V
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

996

Gyrase Mutations Are Associated with Variable Levels of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 26763957 · 2016

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D89N

Protein Change: D94G, A90V, D94Y, D94A, D94N, S91P, D89N
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

997

MTBDRplus and MTBDRsl Assays: Absence of Wild-Type Probe Hybridization and Implications for Detection of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis.

PMID 26763971 · 2016

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94H

Protein Change: A90V, S91P, D94A, D94N, D94Y, D94G, D94H
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: line probe assay and pyrosequencing
Source Database: Reslit

998

Fluoroquinolone interactions with Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrase: Enhancing drug activity against wild-type and resistant gyrase.

PMID 26792518 · 2016

Mutations in GyrA lead to fluoroquinolone resistance by disrupting the water-metal ion bridge.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94H

Protein Change: A90V, D94G, D94H
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: disrupting the water-metal ion bridge
Validation Method: enzymatic activity assays
Source Database: Reslit

999

Use of whole-genome sequencing to trace, control and characterize the regional expansion of extended-spectrum β-lactamase producing ST15 Klebsiella pneumoniae.

PMID 26864946 · 2016

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1000

Demography and Intercontinental Spread of the USA300 Community-Acquired Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Lineage.

PMID 26884428 · 2016

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D2339161G gyrA: p.D2339162Y

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1001

Water Disinfection Byproducts Induce Antibiotic Resistance-Role of Environmental Pollutants in Resistance Phenomena.

PMID 26928861 · 2016

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D2339161G, D2339162Y
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1002

A Multicountry Molecular Analysis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi With Reduced Susceptibility to Ciprofloxacin in Sub-Saharan Africa.

PMID 26933020 · 2016

Mutation in gyrA at codon 133 (Glu to Gly) combined with either a second mutation in gyrA at codon 83 (Ser to Phe) or in gyrB at codon 464 (Ser to Phe)

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.E133G

Protein Change: E133G
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1003

In Vitro Activity of Delafloxacin against Clinical Neisseria gonorrhoeae Isolates and Selection of Gonococcal Delafloxacin Resistance.

PMID 26976873 · 2016

A novel mutation in the gyrA gene was identified in a mutant with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S91Y

Protein Change: S91Y
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: delafloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1004

Suppression of gyrase-mediated resistance by C7 aryl fluoroquinolones.

PMID 26984528 · 2016

Mutations in gyrA were found to confer resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Mutations were identified in E. coli strains selected under pressure of ciprofloxacin and Cip-DNP.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G81C gyrA: p.A119E gyrA: p.G83S gyrA: p.G87D

Protein Change: G81C, A119E, G83S, G87D
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: disruption of the water-magnesium ion bridge
Validation Method: MIC testing with fluoroquinolone derivatives; biochemical assay; MIC testing in E. coli
Source Database: Reslit

1005

A role for the bacterial GATC methylome in antibiotic stress survival.

PMID 26998690 · 2016

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S98Y

Protein Change: S98Y
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome Illumina sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1006

Emergence and Diversity of Salmonella enterica Serovar Indiana Isolates with Concurrent Resistance to Ciprofloxacin and Cefotaxime from Patients and Food-Producing Animals in China.

PMID 27001808 · 2016

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87N

Protein Change: S83F, D87G, D87N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Table 1
Source Database: Reslit

1007

Mycobacterium tuberculosis whole genome sequencing and protein structure modelling provides insights into anti-tuberculosis drug resistance.

PMID 27005572 · 2016

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.N499D

Protein Change: D94G, N499D
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: genetic association and structural analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1008

Performance of the New Version (v2.0) of the GenoType MTBDRsl Test for Detection of Resistance to Second-Line Drugs in Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Strains.

PMID 27053671 · 2016

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: hybridization with probes
Source Database: Reslit

1009

Frequency, Antimicrobial Resistance and Genetic Diversity of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Food Samples.

PMID 27078494 · 2016

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87A

Protein Change: D87A
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1010

Antimicrobial resistance trends in blood culture positive Salmonella Paratyphi A isolates from Pondicherry, India.

PMID 27080779 · 2016

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G83D

Protein Change: G83D
Organisms: Salmonella Paratyphi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: experimental validation
Source Database: Reslit

1011

Molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of Acinetobacter baumannii isolates obtained from two hospital outbreaks in Los Angeles County, California, USA.

PMID 27146090 · 2016

Mutations in gyrA and parC are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G81S

Protein Change: G81S
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1012

Shigella Antimicrobial Drug Resistance Mechanisms, 2004-2014.

PMID 27191035 · 2016

mutations in gyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N
Organisms: Shigella spp.
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Source Database: Reslit

1013

The Lake Chad Basin, an Isolated and Persistent Reservoir of Vibrio cholerae O1: A Genomic Insight into the Outbreak in Cameroon, 2010.

PMID 27191718 · 2016

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83L

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1014

Mycoplasma bovis: Mechanisms of Resistance and Trends in Antimicrobial Susceptibility.

PMID 27199926 · 2016

Mutations in gyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, S83L
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin|danofloxacin|orbifloxacin
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

1015

Moxifloxacin Improves Treatment Outcomes in Patients with Ofloxacin-Resistant Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis.

PMID 27216062 · 2016

Mutation at codon 94 in the gyrA gene was the most frequent mutation associated with high-level MFX resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1016

Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant P. aeruginosa Carrying aac(6')-Ib-cr, qnrS1 and blaSPM Genes in Brazil.

PMID 27219003 · 2016

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1017

Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms

PMID 27227291 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G83D gyrA: p.S106P

Protein Change: S83L
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1018

Observation of a new pattern of mutations in gyrA and parC within Escherichia coli exhibiting fluroquinolone resistance.

PMID 29735844 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: G83D, S106P
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing of quinolone resistance determining regions
Source Database: Reslit

1019

Molecular characterization of fluoroquinolones, macrolides, and imipenem resistance in Haemophilus influenzae: analysis of the mutations in QRDRs and assessment of the extent of the AcrAB-TolC-mediated resistance.

PMID 30145620 · 2018

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84L gyrA: p.D88G

Protein Change: S84L, D88G
Organisms: Haemophilus influenzae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Validation Method: amino acid substitutions in GyrA (Ser84 and Asp88), ParC (Ser84), and ParE (Asp420)
Source Database: ReslitReference Gene Catalog

1020

Summary and Trends of the Russian Gonococcal Antimicrobial Surveillance Programme, 2005 to 2016.

PMID 30894437 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S91F gyrA: p.S91Y gyrA: p.S91T gyrA: p.D95G gyrA: p.D95N

Protein Change: S91F, S91Y, S91T, D95G, D95N
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: detection via minisequencing and MALDI-TOF MS
Source Database: Reslit

1021

Endemic fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonellaenterica serovar Kentucky ST198 in northern India.

PMID 31166889 · 2019

Mutation associated with ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1022

Whole genomic sequencing as a tool for diagnosis of drug and multidrug-resistance tuberculosis in an endemic region in Mexico.

PMID 31166945 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.D91Y

Protein Change: D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: WGS analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1023

A Next-Generation Sequencing-Based Approach to Identify Genetic Determinants of Antibiotic Resistance in Cambodian Helicobacter pylori Clinical Isolates.

PMID 31208076 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87K, D91Y
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: statistical analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1024

Nationwide Stepwise Emergence and Evolution of Multidrug-Resistant Campylobacter jejuni Sequence Type 5136, United Kingdom.

PMID 31211671 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S257L

Protein Change: S257L
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: in silico analysis and experimental validation
Source Database: Reslit

1025

S. Enteritidis and S. Typhimurium Harboring SPI-1 and SPI-2 Are the Predominant Serotypes Associated With Human Salmonellosis in Saudi Arabia.

PMID 31214517 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.S83Y

Protein Change: S83F, D87N, D87G, S83Y
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1026

A systematic review of antimicrobial resistance of typhoidal Salmonella in India.

PMID 31219079 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella Typhi
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

1027

Establishing Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance & Research Network in India: Journey so far.

PMID 31219080 · 2019

Detected in Salmonella isolates

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1028

Plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance associated with extra-intestinal Escherichia coli isolates from hospital samples.

PMID 31219083 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: MAMA-PCR
Source Database: Reslit

1029

Characterization and Phylogenetic Analysis of Campylobacter Species Isolated from Paediatric Stool and Water Samples in the Northwest Province, South Africa.

PMID 31234440 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter upsaliensis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR amplification of the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of the gyrA gene
Source Database: Reslit

1030

Diagnostic predictive values of the Hain genotype MTBDRsl assay in mycobacterial strains isolated from Sudan.

PMID 31236189 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S94L

Protein Change: S94L
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: MTBDRsl assay
Source Database: Reslit

1031

Genomic Analysis of Emerging Florfenicol-Resistant Campylobacter coli Isolated from the Cecal Contents of Cattle in the United States.

PMID 31243079 · 2019

mutation in the QRDR of gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1032

Whole-genome comparative analysis of Campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from patients with diarrhea in northeastern Poland.

PMID 31244901 · 2019

Present in all isolates

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.N529S gyrA: p.D538N

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: in silico analysis and in vitro tests
Source Database: Reslit

1033

Analysis of isolates from Bangladesh highlights multiple ways to carry resistance genes in Salmonella Typhi.

PMID 31253105 · 2019

Mutations in gyrA are associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83Y, S83F, D87G, D87N, N529S, D538N
Organisms: Salmonella Typhi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Table 3
Source Database: Reslit

1034

Molecular characterization of Campylobacter causing human clinical infection using whole-genome sequencing: Virulence, antimicrobial resistance and phylogeny in Ireland.

PMID 31291319 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: in silico analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1035

Frequency and patterns of second-line resistance conferring mutations among MDR-TB isolates resistant to a second-line drug from eSwatini, Somalia and Uganda (2014-2016).

PMID 31291943 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94N
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1036

Characterization and whole genome sequencing of closely related multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg isolates from imported poultry meat in the Netherlands.

PMID 31329622 · 2019

associated with ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1037

Improved determination of Neisseria gonorrhoeae gyrase A genotype results in clinical specimens.

PMID 31340021 · 2019

The study focuses on the detection of gyrA mutations, particularly at codon 91, which is associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: high-resolution melt analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1038

Genotypic and Phenotypic Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: a Cross-Sectional Study of Isolates Recovered from Routine Urine Cultures in a High-Incidence Setting.

PMID 31341071 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87I gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.D91Y gyrA: p.A92T

Protein Change: S91F, D95G
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|gemifloxacin|delafloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1039

Helicobacter pylori Mutations Conferring Resistance to Fluoroquinolones and Clarithromycin among Dyspeptic Patients Attending a Tertiary Hospital, Tanzania.

PMID 31355162 · 2019

A92T detected for the first time in H. pylori

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87I, N87K, D91G, D91N, D91Y, A92T
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1040

Salmonellosis detection and evidence of antibiotic resistance in an urban raccoon population in a highly populated area, Costa Rica.

PMID 31359623 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.R69G gyrA: p.E21Q gyrA: p.D668D

Protein Change: S83L
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

1041

Retrospective Analysis of Archived Pyrazinamide Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Complex Isolates from Uganda-Evidence of Interspecies Transmission.

PMID 31362370 · 2019

Mutations E21Q and D668D were also seen in a fluoroquinolone susceptible strain, suggesting they may not be the source of fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: R69G, E21Q, D668D
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1042

Genomic Features of High-Priority Salmonella enterica Serovars Circulating in the Food Production Chain, Brazil, 2000-2016.

PMID 31363103 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.S83F

Protein Change: S83Y, D87N, D87G, S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: WGS and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1043

Comparative Genomics and Phenotypic Investigations Into Antibiotic, Heavy Metal, and Disinfectant Susceptibilities of Salmonella enterica Strains Isolated in Australia.

PMID 31379776 · 2019

Mutation in gyrA leads to resistance to nalidixic acid

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.D87G

Protein Change: D87G
Organisms: Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Typhimium
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and antibiotic susceptibility testing; genome sequencing and phenotypic testing
Source Database: Reslit

1044

Molecular Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates in a Brazilian Tertiary Hospital.

PMID 31396186 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I, D87G
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1045

Development and evaluation of novel bio-safe filter paper-based kits for sputum microscopy and transport to directly detect Mycobacterium tuberculosis and associated drug resistance.

PMID 31408508 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94A

Protein Change: D94G, D94A
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Molecular Drug Susceptibility (Mol-DST) assay
Source Database: Reslit

1046

Fluoroquinolone heteroresistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis: detection by genotypic and phenotypic assays in experimentally mixed populations.

PMID 31409849 · 2019

wild-type gyrA is susceptible to fluoroquinolones

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1047

Temporal evolution of antimicrobial resistance among Neisseria gonorrhoeae clinical isolates in the most populated South American Metropolitan Region.

PMID 31411309 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1048

Expansion of Salmonella Typhi clonal lineages with ampicillin resistance and reduced ciprofloxacin susceptibility in Eastern China.

PMID 31413599 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella Typhi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1049

A Novel Mismatched PCR-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Assay for Rapid Detection of gyrA and parC Mutations Associated With Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Acinetobacter baumannii.

PMID 31432636 · 2020

Detected in 45 out of 47 FQ-resistant strains

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94A

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR-RFLP and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1050

In vitro Activities of Nemonoxacin and Other Antimicrobial Agents Against Human Mycoplasma and Ureaplasmas Isolates and Their Defined Resistance Mechanisms.

PMID 31456791 · 2019

Mutations in gyrA were found in M. hominis and Ureaplasma spp. isolates

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S153L

Protein Change: S153L
Organisms: Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma spp.
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing of gyrA gene
Source Database: Reslit

1051

Prevalence, risk and genetic characteristics of drug-resistant tuberculosis in a tertiary care tuberculosis hospital in China.

PMID 31496759 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G, A90V, S91P, D94A
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1052

Informal genomic surveillance of regional distribution of Salmonella Typhi genotypes and antimicrobial resistance via returning travellers.

PMID 31513580 · 2019

Mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) of gyrA and parC are associated with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: c.A261G gyrA: c.AGT->TAT gyrA: c.AGT->TTT gyrA: c.G260A gyrA: c.G260T

Protein Change: S83F, S83Y, D87N, D87G, D87Y
Nucleotide Change: A261G, AGT->TAT, AGT->TTT, G260A, G260T
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis; Sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1053

Draft Genome Sequence of Ciprofloxacin and Ceftriaxone Resistant Campylobacter jejuni MM26-781 Assigned to Novel ST Isolated From Common Pigeon in Lithuania.

PMID 31523125 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.R285K

Protein Change: R285K
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: ResFinder 3.0 analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1054

Characterization of Helicobacter pylori strains and their antimicrobial resistance mechanisms

PMID 31528091 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87S gyrA: p.D91N

Protein Change: N87S, D91N
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and phenotypic drug susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1055

The Genetic Background Modulates the Evolution of Fluoroquinolone-Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 31532481 · 2020

Most prevalent in high-frequency OFX-R strains.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.G88C gyrA: p.D94N

Protein Change: A90V, D94G, G88C, D94N
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: determination of OFX MIC for each of the 12 OFX-R mutant strains; PCR and Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1056

Rapid Detection of Genetic Engineering, Structural Variation, and Antimicrobial Resistance Markers in Bacterial Biothreat Pathogens by Nanopore Sequencing.

PMID 31534162 · 2019

Mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.D87G

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Y. pestis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1057

An Outbreak of Carbapenem-Resistant and Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae in an Intensive Care Unit of a Major Teaching Hospital in Wenzhou, China.

PMID 31552210 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I, D87G
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|ciprofloxacinquinolones
Validation Method: experimental validation
Source Database: Reslit

1058

Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Acinetobacter isolates from patients in Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.

PMID 31558943 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1059

Shedding of OXA-181 carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli from companion animals after hospitalisation in Switzerland: an outbreak in 2018.

PMID 31576806 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1060

Long-term Persistence of an Extensively Drug-Resistant Subclade of Globally Distributed Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clonal Complex 446 in an Academic Medical Center.

PMID 31583403 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1061

Antimicrobial resistance genotypes and phenotypes of Campylobacter jejuni isolated in Italy from humans, birds from wild and urban habitats, and poultry.

PMID 31603950 · 2019

Only mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA were regarded to be the determinants of resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.D94N

Protein Change: T86I, T86V
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: detection in quinolone-resistant isolates
Source Database: Reslit

1062

Whole genome sequencing of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from a high burden tuberculosis region of North West Pakistan.

PMID 31628383 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G, D94A, S91P, A90V, D94N
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and drug susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1063

Prevalence of Quinolone Resistance of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli with ST131-fimH30 in a City Hospital in Hyogo, Japan.

PMID 31635210 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1064

Pre-detection history of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

PMID 31659018 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.I203S gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.E133G gyrA: p.K154N

Protein Change: A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: phylogenetic analysis and mutation timing
Source Database: Reslit

1065

Chromosomal and plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance in human Salmonella enterica infection in Ghana.

PMID 31660876 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: I203S, S83Y, D87G, E133G, K154N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1066

Detection of Second Line Drug Resistance among Drug Resistant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Isolates in Botswana.

PMID 31661825 · 2019

Most common fluoroquinolone resistance-conferring mutation detected

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87V

Protein Change: A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: Hain Genotype MTBDR sl line probe assay
Source Database: Reslit

1067

Persistent circulation of a fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica Typhi clone in the Indian subcontinent.

PMID 31665304 · 2020

Mutations in gyrA and parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87N, D87V
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1068

The mutational landscape of quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli.

PMID 31689338 · 2019

Mutations in gyrA confer quinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A67S

Protein Change: A67S
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1069

Genomic Epidemiology of Major Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Lineages Causing Urinary Tract Infections in Young Women Across Canada.

PMID 31696141 · 2019

Mutations in gyrA and parC confer quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.E678D gyrA: p.A828S

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1070

The Resistome, Mobilome, Virulome and Phylogenomics of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Clinical Isolates from Pretoria, South Africa.

PMID 31712587 · 2019

Mutations in gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N, E678D, A828S
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1071

Novel mutations in the QRDR region gyrA gene in multidrug-resistance Corynebacterium spp. isolates from intravenous sites.

PMID 31736013 · 2020

Mutations in the QRDR region of the gyrA gene were associated with high MIC values for fluoroquinolones.

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S87I gyrA: p.S87Y gyrA: p.S87V gyrA: p.D91A gyrA: p.D91Y gyrA: p.S89F gyrA: p.S89V gyrA: p.D93A gyrA: p.D93Y

Protein Change: S87I, S87Y, S87V, D91A, D91Y, S89F, S89V, D93A, D93Y
Organisms: Corynebacterium jeikeium, Corynebacterium urealyticum, Corynebacterium striatum, Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: ReslitReference Gene Catalog

1072

Genomic Characterization of Prevalent mcr-1, mcr-4, and mcr-5 Escherichia coli Within Swine Enteric Colibacillosis in Spain.

PMID 31736909 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and in silico analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1073

In Vitro Derivation of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Mutants from Multiple Lineages of Haemophilus influenzae and Identification of Mutations Associated with Fluoroquinolone Resistance.

PMID 31740553 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Haemophilus influenzae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1074

Meningococcal Quinolone Resistance Originated from Several Commensal Neisseria Species.

PMID 31740556 · 2020

The T91I mutation in GyrA contributes to quinolone resistance in N. meningitidis.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.M191I gyrA: p.G208E gyrA: p.V199A

Protein Change: T91I
Organisms: Neisseria meningitidis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: increased ciprofloxacin MIC
Validation Method: sequencing and transformation experiments
Source Database: Reslit

1075

High Prevalence of Antibiotic Resistance in Iranian Helicobacter pylori Isolates: Importance of Functional and Mutational Analysis of Resistance Genes and Virulence Genotyping.

PMID 31744181 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: M191I, G208E, V199A
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1076

Hyper-Aerotolerant Campylobacter coli from Duck Sources and Its Potential Threat to Public Health: Virulence, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Genetic Relatedness.

PMID 31752343 · 2019

Mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA conferring resistance to quinolones.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.H80M gyrA: p.G81A gyrA: p.M118W gyrA: p.R119V gyrA: p.K154R gyrA: p.S171A gyrA: p.I174T gyrA: p.A175V gyrA: p.S80I gyrA: p.M118I gyrA: p.V176L gyrA: p.A175R

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1077

Impact of co-existence of PMQR genes and QRDR mutations on fluoroquinolones resistance in Enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from community and hospital acquired UTIs.

PMID 31752702 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, S83Y, S83I, D87N, H80M, G81A, M118W, R119V, K154R, S171A, I174T, A175V, S80I, M118I, V176L, A175R
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid|norfloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1078

Genomic diversity of prevalent Staphylococcus epidermidis multidrug-resistant strains isolated from a Children's Hospital in México City in an eight-years survey.

PMID 31768302 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.S83T gyrA: p.V90L gyrA: p.A93S gyrA: p.A93V

Protein Change: S84F
Organisms: Staphylococcus epidermidis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1079

Diversity of Serotype, Genotype, and Antibiotic Susceptibility of Salmonella Prevalent in Pickled Ready-to-Eat Meat.

PMID 31781073 · 2019

Mutations in GyrA contribute to quinolone resistance.

Mutations in GyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87G, S83Y, D87N, S83T, V90L, A93S, A93V
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing; PCR amplification and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1080

Etiology of childhood diarrhoea among under five children and molecular analysis of antibiotic resistance in isolated enteric bacterial pathogens from a tertiary care hospital, Eastern Odisha, India.

PMID 31791267 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1081

Quinolone antibiotics.

PMID 31803393 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.Y50F

Protein Change: Y50F
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

1082

Candidatus Mycoplasma haemohominis in Human, Japan.

PMID 31855136 · 2020

The mutation was identified in a serum sample after treatment with levofloxacin.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G95C

Protein Change: G95C
Organisms: Candidatus Mycoplasma
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: read-mapping analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1083

Antimicrobial resistance genetic factor identification from whole-genome sequence data using deep feature selection.

PMID 31874612 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: decrease the affinity between ciprofloxacin molecule and its binding sites
Validation Method: experimental validation
Source Database: Reslit

1084

Antibiotic Resistance Among Uropathogenic Escherichia coli.

PMID 31880885 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

1085

Nested PCR and the TaqMan SNP Genotyping Assay enhanced the sensitivity of drug resistance testing of Mycobacterium leprae using clinical specimens of leprosy patients.

PMID 31881061 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A91V
Organisms: Mycobacterium leprae
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing and TaqMan SNP genotyping
Source Database: Reslit

1086

Comparison of different technologies for the decipherment of the whole genome sequence of Campylobacter jejuni BfR-CA-14430.

PMID 31890037 · 2019

Point mutation in the gyrase subunit A conferring resistance against (fluoro-)quinolones.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94H gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.A126E gyrA: p.M127K gyrA: p.D151T gyrA: p.V165A

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1087

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of levofloxacin- and moxifloxacin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates in southern China.

PMID 31903250 · 2019

Novel mutations detected in gyrA and gyrB genes.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, S91P, D94Y, D94H, D94N, D94G, D94A, A126E, M127K, D151T, V165A
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1088

A retrospective genomic analysis of drug-resistant strains of M. tuberculosis in a high-burden setting, with an emphasis on comparative diagnostics and reactivation and reinfection status.

PMID 31910804 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G89A gyrA: p.G89C gyrA: p.A91P gyrA: p.A91V

Protein Change: A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic variant analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1089

Evidence for Mycobacterium leprae Drug Resistance in a Large Cohort of Leprous Neuropathy Patients from India.

PMID 31933458 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: G89A, G89C, A91P, A91V
Organisms: Mycobacterium leprae
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1090

Antimicrobial resistance patterns and molecular resistance markers of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from human diarrheal cases.

PMID 31951631 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.H78N gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: MAMA-PCR and correlation with MIC data
Source Database: Reslit

1091

Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Kentucky ST198 in Broiler Chicken Supply Chain and Patients, China, 2010-2016.

PMID 31963932 · 2020

Mutations in gyrA contribute to nalidixic acid resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: H78N, S83F, D87N, D87G, D87Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acidciprofloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: detection of quinolone resistance genes
Source Database: Reslit

1092

Genomic Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates and Construction of a Beijing Lineage Reference Genome.

PMID 31971587 · 2020

The G88C mutation in gyrA was found in TCDC4 and TCDC10.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.E21Q gyrA: p.S95T gyrA: p.G668D gyrA: p.G88C

Protein Change: A90V, D94Y, E21Q, S95T, G668D, G88C
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: experimental assay; found in both susceptible and resistant isolates; known fluoroquinolone-resistance mutation; functional assays
Source Database: Reslit

1093

Epidemiological cut-offs for Sensititre susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: interpretive criteria cross validated with whole genome sequencing.

PMID 31974497 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D90A gyrA: p.D94A

Protein Change: D90A, D94A
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1094

Pathogenomics and Evolutionary Epidemiology of Multi-Drug Resistant Clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Pretoria, South Africa.

PMID 31988374 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87A gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.S83A

Protein Change: S83F, D87A, D87G, S83A
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1095

International lineages of Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from chicken farms, Wakiso District, Uganda.

PMID 31990938 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1096

Increasing prevalence of a fluoroquinolone resistance mutation amongst Campylobacter jejuni isolates from four human infectious intestinal disease studies in the United Kingdom.

PMID 31999701 · 2020

The T86I mutation in gyrA is associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genome sequencing and analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1097

Genomic surveillance detects Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A harbouring blaCTX-M-15 from a traveller returning from Bangladesh.

PMID 32000262 · 2020

mutation in gyrA conferring resistance to quinolones

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S87V

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1098

Molecular characterization of metallo-β-lactamase- producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacter cloacae complex isolated in Heilongjiang Province of China.

PMID 32005138 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, S87V
Organisms: Enterobacter cloacae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1099

Genomic Characterization of Antibiotic Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated From Domestic Chickens in Pakistan.

PMID 32010104 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S91F gyrA: p.S91T

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1100

Genomic evolution of Neisseria gonorrhoeae since the preantibiotic era (1928-2013): antimicrobial use/misuse selects for resistance and drives evolution.

PMID 32013864 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F, S91T
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1101

A landscape of genomic alterations at the root of a near-untreatable tuberculosis epidemic.

PMID 32014024 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S32F

Protein Change: S32F
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1102

Population Bottlenecks Strongly Influence the Evolutionary Trajectory to Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Escherichia coli.

PMID 32031639 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D83Y

Protein Change: D83Y
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1103

Characterization of the First mecA-Positive Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius Isolated from an Argentinian Patient.

PMID 32031908 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1104

Case Report: Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium leprae in a Case of Smear-Negative Relapse.

PMID 32043454 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G89C

Protein Change: G89C
Organisms: Mycobacterium leprae
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing and HRM analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1105

Prevalence, Population Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter coli Isolated in Italian Swine at Slaughterhouse.

PMID 32046038 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D89A gyrA: p.A90E gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.S95T

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequencing of QRDR region
Source Database: Reslit

1106

Molecular characterization of pre-extensive drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Northeast Brazil.

PMID 32049255 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D89A, A90E, A90V, D94G, D94N, S95T
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1107

Emergence of a multidrug-resistant ST 27 Escherichia coli co-harboring bla(NDM-1), mcr-1, and fosA3 from a patient in China.

PMID 32341508 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1108

Comparative analysis of multidrug resistance plasmids and genetic background of CTX-M-producing Escherichia coli recovered from captive wild animals.

PMID 32488312 · 2020

Mutations in quinolone resistance-determining region

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|norfloxacin|lomefloxacin|ofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1109

Antibiotic resistance and resistance mechanism of Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii isolated from patients with mastadenitis.

PMID 36847927 · 2023

Mutations in the QRDR of the gyrA gene were associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S87R

Protein Change: S87R
Organisms: Corynebacterium kroppenstedtii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1110

An investigation of the presence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Enterobacteriaceae in raw and cooked kibble diets for dogs in the United Kingdom.

PMID 38260907 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1111

Genomic Characterization of a Plasmid-Free and Highly Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Indiana Isolate in China.

PMID 38275928 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S81F gyrA: p.E85K

Protein Change: S83F, D87N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1112

The positivity rates and drug resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using nucleotide MALDI-TOF MS assay among suspected tuberculosis patients in Shandong, China: a multi-center prospective study.

PMID 38304182 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A94G

Protein Change: A94G
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: nucleotide MALDI-TOF MS assay
Source Database: Reslit

1113

Invasive Streptococcus suis isolated in Spain contain a highly promiscuous and dynamic resistome.

PMID 38317790 · 2023

associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81F, E85K
Organisms: Streptococcus suis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1114

Identification of knowledge gaps in whole-genome sequence analysis of multi-resistant thermotolerant Campylobacter spp.

PMID 38331708 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I, T86V
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Effect on Function: confers resistance to (fluoro-)quinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1115

Anthropogenic contamination sources drive differences in antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli in three urban lakes.

PMID 38349150 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1116

Genomic epidemiology reveals geographical clustering of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli ST131 associated with bacteraemia in Wales.

PMID 38355632 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.S83F

Protein Change: D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1117

Phenotypic and genetic characterization of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Choleraesuis isolates from humans and animals in Spain from 2006 to 2021.

PMID 38366818 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N, D87G, S83Y, S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1118

Resistome, mobilome, and virulome explored in clinical isolates derived from acne patients in Egypt: unveiling unique traits of an emerging coagulase-negative Staphylococcus pathogen.

PMID 38371297 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T700N gyrA: p.N811K gyrA: p.A820V gyrA: p.S826T gyrA: p.T828N gyrA: p.T829A gyrA: p.T831K gyrA: p.M854T gyrA: p.S81F

Protein Change: T700N, N811K, A820V, S826T, T828N, T829A, T831K, M854T, S81F
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic detection; genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1119

Transmission dynamics of drug-resistant tuberculosis in Ningbo, China: an epidemiological and genomic analysis.

PMID 38384306 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole_genome_sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1120

Polymyxin Resistance in Salmonella: Exploring Mutations and Genetic Determinants of Non-Human Isolates.

PMID 38391496 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83Y

Protein Change: S83F, D87N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1121

Genetic Diversity of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Enteritidis from Human and Non-Human Sources in Portugal.

PMID 38392849 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87Y, S83F, S83Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1122

Antibiotic Combination to Effectively Postpone or Inhibit the In Vitro Induction and Selection of Levofloxacin-Resistant Mutants in Elizabethkingia anophelis.

PMID 38396892 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G81D

Protein Change: G81D
Organisms: Elizabethkingia anophelis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1123

Mutational Dynamics Related to Antibiotic Resistance in M. tuberculosis Isolates from Serial Samples of Patients with Tuberculosis and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

PMID 38399727 · 2024

observed in one isolate from one individual with T2DM-TB

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1124

Overview of Ecology and Aspects of Antibiotic Resistance in Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Free-Grazing Chicken Tissues in Rural Households.

PMID 38399772 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR detection of mutation
Source Database: Reslit

1125

A Comparative Phenotypic and Genomic Analysis of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus ST45 Isolates From Cellulitis and Osteomyelitis in Taiwan.

PMID 38409272 · 2024

Detected only in OM-MRSA strains

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Effect on Function: resistance
Validation Method: sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1126

Occurrence and molecular characteristics of antimicrobial resistance, virulence factors, and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli isolated from the retail produce commodities in Bangkok, Thailand.

PMID 38444485 · 2024

Found in S. enterica isolate SE01

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Table 8
Source Database: Reslit

1127

Prevalence and molecular characterization of multi-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from clinical bovine mastitis in China.

PMID 38478400 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1128

Genomic characterization of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing and carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli from urban wastewater in Australia.

PMID 38488803 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94A

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin
Validation Method: genomic characterization
Source Database: Reslit

1129

Rapid detection of multidrug resistance in tuberculosis using nanopore-based targeted next-generation sequencing: a multicenter, double-blind study.

PMID 38495513 · 2024

Common mutation in gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G, D94A
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1130

Antimicrobial resistance and heterogeneity of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated from patients attending sexually transmitted infection clinics in Lusaka, Zambia.

PMID 38500064 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F, D95G
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Whole genome sequencing and AMR detection with ResFinder 4.2.3
Source Database: Reslit

1131

Fluoroquinolone resistance in complicated urinary tract infections: association with the increased occurrence and diversity of Escherichia coli of clonal complex 131, together with ST1193.

PMID 38510968 · 2024

Mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing and in vitro expression
Source Database: Reslit

1132

The Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants of Helicobacter pylori Detected in Dyspeptic Patients in North-Central Bangladesh.

PMID 38525761 · 2024

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87K, D91N
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing
Source Database: ReslitReference Gene Catalog

1133

Target enrichment improves culture-independent detection of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and antimicrobial resistance determinants direct from clinical samples with Nanopore sequencing.

PMID 38529900 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F, D95G
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1134

Whole-genome sequence and resistance determinants of four Elizabethkingia anophelis clinical isolates collected in Hanoi, Vietnam.

PMID 38538725 · 2024

Mutations in QRDR region of gyrA gene.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.D87G

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Elizabethkingia anophelis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1135

Genomic analysis of Salmonella isolated from canal water in Bangkok, Thailand.

PMID 38563788 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, S83Y, D87G
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1136

Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV: Recycling Old Targets for New Antibacterials to Combat Fluoroquinolone Resistance.

PMID 38564341 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: mutations in gyrase and topoisomerase IV confer resistance to fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

1137

Patterns and profiles of drug resistance-conferring mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis genotypes isolated from tuberculosis-suspected attendees of spiritual holy water sites in Northwest Ethiopia.

PMID 38566794 · 2024

Only mutation found in FLQ-resistant isolates

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94A

Protein Change: D94A
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: GenoType®MTBDR sl VER2.0; LPAs and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1138

Development of a multiplex droplet digital PCR method for detection and monitoring of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and drug-resistant tuberculosis.

PMID 38581051 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: ddPCR and Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1139

Whole-genome sequencing of clinical isolates from tuberculosis patients in India: real-world data indicates a high proportion of pre-XDR cases.

PMID 38597637 · 2024

Mutations in gyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, D94G
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1140

Development of an in vitro biofilm model for the study of the impact of fluoroquinolones on sewer biofilm microbiota.

PMID 38601931 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1141

Target-Mediated Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: Actions of Ciprofloxacin against Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV.

PMID 38606464 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F, D95G
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: enzymatic activity assays
Source Database: Reslit

1142

Persistent Colonization of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant and Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Salmonella enterica Serovar Kentucky ST198 in a Patient with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

PMID 38628240 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.S83F

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1143

Predominance of multidrug-resistant Salmonella Typhi genotype 4.3.1 with low-level ciprofloxacin resistance in Zanzibar.

PMID 38630840 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87G, S83F
Organisms: Salmonella Typhi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1144

A review of the mechanisms that confer antibiotic resistance in pathotypes of E. coli.

PMID 38638826 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

1145

Exploring the resistome, virulome, and mobilome of multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates: deciphering the molecular basis of carbapenem resistance.

PMID 38664636 · 2024

Mutation in gyrA contributes to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.I83S

Protein Change: I83S
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1146

A Set of Multiresistant Isolates of Mycoplasma bovis Subtype ST-1 with a Variable Susceptibility to Quinolones Are Also Circulating in Spain.

PMID 38668284 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Mycoplasma bovis
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin|marbofloxacin|danofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1147

Short reads-based characterization of pathotype diversity and drug resistance among Escherichia coli isolated from patients attending regional referral hospitals in Tanzania.

PMID 38671498 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1148

Could traces of fluoroquinolones in food induce ciprofloxacin resistance in Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae? An in vivo study in Galleria mellonella with important implications for maximum residue limits in food.

PMID 38687060 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.S83L

Protein Change: G81C
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ceftriaxone|doxycycline
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1149

A novel variant in Salmonella genomic island 1 of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky ST198.

PMID 38687075 · 2024

Mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87N, S83L
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid|norfloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis; chromosomal mutation detection via WGS
Source Database: Reslit

1150

Genomic insights into the diversity, virulence, and antimicrobial resistance of group B Streptococcus clinical isolates from Saudi Arabia.

PMID 38711928 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81L
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1151

Defining the phylogenetics and resistome of the major Clostridioides difficile ribotypes circulating in Australia.

PMID 38717815 · 2024

most common resistance-conferring mutation

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T82I
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesciprofloxacin|ofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1152

Integrative and Conjugative Elements and Prophage DNA as Carriers of Resistance Genes in Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Strains from Domestic Geese in Poland.

PMID 38731857 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G88A gyrA: p.G88C

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: In the two strains resistant to enrofloxacin (MIC ≥ 2), i.e., 1023 and 267, there was a mutation in the gyrA gene at position 257 (ACA→ATA or ACA→AAA), resulting in a Thr86→Ile or Thr86→Lys86 substitution ( Table 1 ).
Source Database: Reslit

1153

Genotypic and phenotypic drug resistance patterns of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from presumptive pulmonary tuberculosis patients in Ethiopia: A multicenter study.

PMID 38753615 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: G88A, G88C
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genotypic DST
Source Database: Reslit

1154

Multidrug-resistant phenotypes of genetically diverse Escherichia coli isolates from healthy domestic cats.

PMID 38755240 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1155

Serovar and sequence type distribution and phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella originating from pet animals in Chongqing, China.

PMID 38757951 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid|norfloxacin|ofloxacin|enrofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1156

Quantifying combined effects of colistin and ciprofloxacin against Escherichia coli in an in silico pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model.

PMID 38778123 · 2024

Mutation in gyrA was associated with increased MIC for ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing of isogenic mutant strains
Source Database: Reslit

1157

The Genetic Landscape of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Enterococcus cecorum Broiler Isolates.

PMID 38786138 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83Y
Organisms: Enterococcus cecorum
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1158

Drug Resistance and Epidemiological Success of Modern Mycobacterium tuberculosis Lineages in Western India.

PMID 38819323 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: genotypic and phenotypic testing
Source Database: Reslit

1159

Personalized bacteriophage therapy outcomes for 100 consecutive cases: a multicentre, multinational, retrospective observational study.

PMID 38834776 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.H87D

Protein Change: H87D
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1160

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella typhi in the UK.

PMID 7475749 · 1995

Chromosomal resistance to ciprofloxacin was observed in multiresistant S. typhi strains.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D73G gyrA: p.S84L gyrA: p.E88K

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Salmonella typhi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: chromosomal encoding
Source Database: Reslit

1161

Detection of grlA and gyrA mutations in 344 Staphylococcus aureus strains.

PMID 9527766 · 1998

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D73G, S84L, E88K
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: SSCP, sequencing; SSCP
Source Database: Reslit

1162

Y-688, a new quinolone active against quinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: lack of in vivo efficacy in experimental endocarditis.

PMID 9687379 · 1998

Mutation in gyrA was associated with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: in vitro time-kill curve experiments
Source Database: Reslit

1163

Sparfloxacin resistance in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae: involvement of multiple mutations in gyrA and parC genes.

PMID 9736534 · 1998

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: sparfloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1164

Alterations in topoisomerase IV and DNA gyrase in quinolone-resistant mutants of Mycoplasma hominis obtained in vitro.

PMID 9736554 · 1998

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Mycoplasma hominis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|sparfloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1165

Sequencing of gyrase and topoisomerase IV quinolone-resistance-determining regions of Chlamydia trachomatis and characterization of quinolone-resistant mutants obtained In vitro.

PMID 9756744 · 1998

The mutation was found in both resistant strains L2-OFXR and L2-SPXR.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Chlamydia trachomatis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|sparfloxacin
Effect on Function: confers resistance
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

1166

Drift in susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to ciprofloxacin and emergence of therapeutic failure.

PMID 9797226 · 1998

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T83I gyrA: p.D87G

Protein Change: S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1167

Type II Topoisomerase Mutations in Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 9869566 · 1999

Most common mutation

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I, D87G
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|sparfloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1168

ParC and GyrA may be interchangeable initial targets of some fluoroquinolones in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 9925523 · 1999

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84Y gyrA: p.E88K

Protein Change: S84Y, E88K
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|sparfloxacin|grepafloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: transformation and MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

1169

Molecular basis of high-level ciprofloxacin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains from Shandong Province, China.

PMID 24159315 · 2013

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87N

Protein Change: S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1170

Multiplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Method for the Rapid Detection of gyrA and parC Mutations in Quinolone-Resistant Escherichia coli and Shigella spp.

PMID 24159500 · 2012

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87G, D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Shigella spp.
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1171

Resistance to Fluoroquinolone by a Combination of Efflux and Target Site Mutations in Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli Isolated in Korea.

PMID 24159520 · 2012

common mutation

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.S87G gyrA: p.R157G

Protein Change: S83L, S87G, R157G
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1172

Source attribution of human Campylobacter isolates by MLST and fla-typing and association of genotypes with quinolone resistance.

PMID 24244747 · 2013

The mutation C257T in the gyrA gene is associated with quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S86L
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: genetic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1173

Resistance of M. leprae to quinolones: a question of relativity?

PMID 24244784 · 2013

The GyrA A91V substitution is associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A91V
Organisms: Mycobacterium leprae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: in vivo activity measurement in mice
Source Database: Reslit

1174

Fitness cost associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones is diverse across clones of Klebsiella pneumoniae and may select for CTX-M-15 type extended-spectrum β-lactamase.

PMID 24306097 · 2014

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of QRDRs
Source Database: Reslit

1175

Whole genome sequencing reveals complex evolution patterns of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing strains in patients.

PMID 24324807 · 2013

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94Y
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1176

Fitness benefits in fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella Typhi in the absence of antimicrobial pressure.

PMID 24327559 · 2013

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94H gyrA: p.G88C

Protein Change: D87G
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin|levofloxacin|gatifloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1177

Predicting extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis phenotypes with genetic mutations.

PMID 24353002 · 2014

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, D94G, D94A, D94N, D94Y, S91P, D94H, G88C
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1178

Study of Mutations in the DNA gyrase gyrA Gene of Escherichia coli.

PMID 24363705 · 2010

Mutations in gyrA contribute to ciprofloxacin resistance in E. coli.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.Y50F gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.A119E

Protein Change: Y50F, S83L, A119E
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1179

The global establishment of a highly-fluoroquinolone resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky ST198 strain.

PMID 24385975 · 2013

associated with ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94V gyrA: p.D94H

Protein Change: D87N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1180

Evaluation of the AID TB resistance line probe assay for rapid detection of genetic alterations associated with drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains.

PMID 24403306 · 2014

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, S91P, D94A, D94N, D94Y, D94G, D94V, D94H
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1181

The drug resistance profile of Mycobacterium abscessus group strains from Korea.

PMID 24422193 · 2014

Mutations at amino acid positions 92 (Ala→Val) and 96 (Asp→Asn) in the gyrA gene are associated with resistance to ciprofloxacin and moxifloxacin.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A92V gyrA: p.D96N

Protein Change: A92V, D96N
Organisms: Mycobacterium abscessus, Mycobacterium massiliense
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1182

Performance of the MTBDRsl assay in Georgia.

PMID 24429319 · 2014

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: MTBDR sl assay and conventional DST
Source Database: Reslit

1183

Comparative analysis of the complete genome of KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Kp13 reveals remarkable genome plasticity and a wide repertoire of virulence and resistance mechanisms.

PMID 24450656 · 2014

double substitution

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.H211Y

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1184

Genomic portrait of the evolution and epidemic spread of a recently emerged multidrug-resistant Shigella flexneri clone in China.

PMID 24452172 · 2014

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, H211Y
Organisms: Shigella flexneri
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1185

Antibiotic resistance determinants in a Pseudomonas putida strain isolated from a hospital.

PMID 24465371 · 2014

Mutation in gyrA leads to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.S464Y gyrA: p.S464F

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas putida
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin|pefloxacin|ofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: protein sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1186

Lack of efflux mediated quinolone resistance in Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A.

PMID 24478769 · 2014

associated with resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, S83Y, D87G, D87N, S464Y, S464F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1187

Fluoroquinolone-gyrase-DNA complexes: two modes of drug binding.

PMID 24497635 · 2014

Mutations in GyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance through cross-linking mechanisms.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: G81C
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Mycobacterium smegmatis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: resists EDTA-mediated reversal
Validation Method: cross-linking experiments and bacteriostatic activity tests
Source Database: Reslit

1188

Molecular characterization and PCR-based replicon typing of multidrug resistant Shigella sonnei isolates from an outbreak in Thimphu, Bhutan.

PMID 24555739 · 2014

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87G
Organisms: Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1189

Characterization of antimicrobial resistance patterns and detection of virulence genes in Campylobacter isolates in Italy.

PMID 24556669 · 2014

The mutation T86-I was found in 83 strains resistant to ciprofloxacin and/or nalidixic acid.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1190

Isolation of Escherichia coli strains with AcrAB-TolC efflux pump-associated intermediate interpretation or resistance to fluoroquinolone, chloramphenicol and aminopenicillin from dogs admitted to a university veterinary hospital.

PMID 24646457 · 2014

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S87L

Protein Change: S87L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1191

Vibrio fluvialis: an emerging human pathogen.

PMID 24653717 · 2014

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: mutation detected in clinical isolates
Source Database: Reslit

1192

Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus agalactiae strains recovered from female carriers in the Bucharest area.

PMID 24676662 · 2014

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.N538I

Protein Change: S81L
Organisms: Streptococcus agalactiae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1193

High proportion of heteroresistance in gyrA and gyrB in fluoroquinolone-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates.

PMID 24687490 · 2014

mutations in gyrA and gyrB are responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance in M. tuberculosis

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G, D94N, D94Y, S91P, N538I
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: deep sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1194

Pyrosequencing for rapid detection of tuberculosis resistance in clinical isolates and sputum samples from re-treatment pulmonary tuberculosis patients.

PMID 24725975 · 2014

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G88A gyrA: p.G88C gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94H gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94Y

Protein Change: G88A, G88C, A90V, S91P, D94N, D94H, D94A, D94G, D94Y
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: pyrosequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1195

Prevalence and molecular characteristics of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Hunan, China.

PMID 24733464 · 2014

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D90N

Protein Change: D94N, D90N
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1196

First evaluation of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from Congo revealed misdetection of fluoroquinolone resistance by line probe assay due to a double substitution T80A-A90G in GyrA.

PMID 24743770 · 2014

The double substitution T80A-A90G in GyrA was found to confer hypersusceptibility to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T80A

Protein Change: T80A
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1197

Persistence and complex evolution of fluoroquinolone-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae clone.

PMID 24751142 · 2014

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81F
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Effect on Function: resistance
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1198

Emergence of clinical Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium isolates with concurrent resistance to ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and azithromycin.

PMID 24752251 · 2014

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.S83V gyrA: p.S83T gyrA: p.I112V gyrA: p.L127M gyrA: p.A128S gyrA: p.K154R

Protein Change: S83F, D87N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1199

Quinolone resistance mechanisms among extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli isolated from rivers and lakes in Switzerland.

PMID 24755830 · 2014

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N, S83V, S83T, I112V, L127M, A128S, K154R
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1200

Molecular analysis of ciprofloxacin resistance mechanisms in Malaysian ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates and development of mismatch amplification mutation assays (MAMA) for rapid detection of gyrA and parC mutations.

PMID 24860827 · 2014

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87A

Protein Change: S83I, S83Y, S83F, D87A
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1201

The structural modeling of the interaction between levofloxacin and the Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrase catalytic site sheds light on the mechanisms of fluoroquinolones resistant tuberculosis in Colombian clinical isolates.

PMID 24877086 · 2014

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Effect on Function: steric hindrance impairing LVX interaction with GyrA catalytic site; loss of an acid (acetyl) group, thus preventing the acid-base interaction between the LVX amino group and the Asp acid group at the catalytic site
Validation Method: structural modeling
Source Database: Reslit

1202

Resistance determinants and mobile genetic elements of an NDM-1-encoding Klebsiella pneumoniae strain.

PMID 24905728 · 2014

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: quinolones|fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genome sequencing and functional annotation
Source Database: Reslit

1203

Dynamics of quinolone resistance in fecal Escherichia coli of finishing pigs after ciprofloxacin administration.

PMID 24919413 · 2014

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid|norfloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: susceptibility testing and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1204

High levels of multiresistance in quinolone resistant urinary tract isolates of Escherichia coli from Norway; a non clonal phenomenon?

PMID 24941949 · 2014

Mutations in gyrA were associated with quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1205

Correlation between virulence genotype and fluoroquinolone resistance in carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 24982833 · 2014

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.I83T

Protein Change: I83T
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1206

Genome-wide analysis captures the determinants of the antibiotic cross-resistance interaction network.

PMID 25000950 · 2014

mutation in DNA gyrase subunit A

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.D91Y gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.V199I gyrA: p.V199A

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: allelic replacement and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1207

Functional and molecular surveillance of Helicobacter pylori antibiotic resistance in Kuala Lumpur.

PMID 25003707 · 2014

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87K, D91G, D91Y, D91N, V199I, V199A
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1208

Cholera outbreaks (2012) in three districts of Nepal reveal clonal transmission of multi-drug resistant Vibrio cholerae O1.

PMID 25022982 · 2014

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.H211Y

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1209

Fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms of Shigella flexneri isolated in Bangladesh.

PMID 25028972 · 2014

Mutations in gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N, H211Y
Organisms: Shigella flexneri
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of QRDR genes
Source Database: Reslit

1210

Comparative genomics of Serratia marcescens strains SM39 and Db11

PMID 25070509 · 2020

Mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.E92K

Protein Change: S83L
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1211

Antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi isolates from Bangladesh, Indonesia, Taiwan, and Vietnam.

PMID 25136011 · 2014

Mutations in gyrA and parC contribute to quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, S83Y, D87N, E92K
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Effect on Function: alterations in gyrase; alterations in topoisomerase IV
Validation Method: characterization of nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance mechanisms in isolates from Bangladesh
Source Database: Reslit

1212

Rapid Emergence and Clonal Dissemination of CTX-M-15-Producing Salmonella enterica Serotype Virchow, South Korea.

PMID 26674083 · 2016

Single substitution within the quinolone resistance-determining region of GyrA at codon 83 (Ser→Phe)

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1213

A complete high-quality MinION nanopore assembly of an extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing lineage strain identifies novel variation in repetitive PE/PPE gene regions.

PMID 29906261 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1214

Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of human Clostridium difficile isolates from a single institution in Northern China.

PMID 29924052 · 2018

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.F86Y

Protein Change: F86Y
Organisms: Clostridium difficile
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1215

Characterization of a community-acquired-MRSA USA300 isolate from a river sample in Austria and whole genome sequence based comparison to a diverse collection of USA300 isolates.

PMID 29930324 · 2018

SNP conferring resistance to ciprofloxacin

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: c.G90T gyrA: c.T91C

Protein Change: L84S
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1216

Validating a 14-Drug Microtiter Plate Containing Bedaquiline and Delamanid for Large-Scale Research Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 29941636 · 2018

Mutations in gyrA gene associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, S91P
Nucleotide Change: G90T, T91C
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: genotype-phenotype correlation; MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1217

The interplay between mutations in cagA, 23S rRNA, gyrA and drug resistance in Helicobacter pylori.

PMID 29972462 · 2018

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87V gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.S83P

Protein Change: N87K, D91N
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1218

Fluoroquinolone resistance in Salmonella: insights by whole-genome sequencing.

PMID 29975627 · 2018

chromosomal mutations in gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87N, D87G, D87V, D87Y, S83Y, S83P
Organisms: Salmonella Typhi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

1219

Gonorrhoea treatment failure caused by a Neisseria gonorrhoeae strain with combined ceftriaxone and high-level azithromycin resistance, England, February 2018.

PMID 29991383 · 2018

The isolate had the S91F and D95A mutations in gyrA, reducing quinolone binding to DNA gyrase.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F, D95A
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Reduced quinolone binding to DNA gyrase
Validation Method: Sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1220

Performance of an Xpert-based diagnostic algorithm for the rapid detection of drug-resistant tuberculosis among high-risk populations in a low-incidence setting.

PMID 30011319 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, D94G
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Gene sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1221

Epidemiology and molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolates harboring bla(CTX-M) group 1 extended-spectrum β-lactamases causing bacteremia and urinary tract infection in Manhiça, Mozambique.

PMID 30013375 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1222

Trends in fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter.

PMID 30024366 · 2018

Single point mutation in the gyrA gene within the QRDR is the most frequent mechanism of CIP resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

1223

The draft genomes of Elizabethkingia anophelis of equine origin are genetically similar to three isolates from human clinical specimens.

PMID 30024943 · 2018

The wild-type gyrA gene was not experimentally validated as conferring resistance, but the mutation Ser83Ile was found to be associated with increased ciprofloxacin MIC.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Elizabethkingia anophelis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1224

Genomic Comparison of Highly Virulent, Moderately Virulent, and Avirulent Strains From a Genetically Closely-Related MRSA ST239 Sub-lineage Provides Insights Into Pathogenesis.

PMID 30042755 · 2018

associated with quinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: resistance
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1225

Tracing back multidrug-resistant bacteria in fresh herb production: from chive to source through the irrigation water chain.

PMID 30101286 · 2018

detected in both E. coli strains

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S98Y

Protein Change: S98Y
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Source Database: Reslit

1226

Antimicrobial Resistance in Acinetobacter spp. and Pseudomonas spp.

PMID 30101740 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1227

Alternations in DNA gyrase genes in low-level fluoroquinolone-resistant Moraxella catarrhalis strains isolated in Poland.

PMID 30122961 · 2018

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.Q138E

Protein Change: Q138E
Organisms: Moraxella catarrhalis
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1228

Dynamics of antimicrobial resistance in intestinal Escherichia coli from children in community settings in South Asia and sub-Saharan Africa.

PMID 30127495 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1229

Characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae associated with cattle infections in southwest China using multi-locus sequence typing (MLST), antibiotic resistance and virulence-associated gene profile analysis.

PMID 30150085 · 2018

Mutations in gyrA contribute to ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83T
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1230

Phylogenomics of Staphylococcus aureus CC5: Evolution, Resistance, and Virulence

PMID 30186248 · 2023

associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T86I gyrA: p.T86A

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: detection in resistant strains
Source Database: Reslit

1231

Human Campylobacteriosis in Italy: Emergence of Multi-Drug Resistance to Ciprofloxacin, Tetracycline, and Erythromycin.

PMID 30186251 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I, T86A
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of the gene in CIP-R strains
Source Database: Reslit

1232

Conserved collateral antibiotic susceptibility networks in diverse clinical strains of Escherichia coli.

PMID 30202004 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Whole genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1233

Molecular typing and profiling of topoisomerase mutations causing resistance to ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin in Elizabethkingia species.

PMID 30225179 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Elizabethkingia anophelis, Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, Elizabethkingia miricola
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1234

Characterizing Mobilized Virulence Factors and Multidrug Resistance Genes in Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a Sri Lankan Hospital.

PMID 30233529 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1235

Genetic Context of the blaCARB-2-Containing Integron and Mutational Resistome in Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains

PMID 30233535

T83I substitution in GyrA is associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1236

A rapid identification technique for drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates using mismatch specific cleavage enzyme.

PMID 30262979 · 2018

Mutations in gyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D95N
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Mismatch-specific cleavage enzyme assay
Source Database: Reslit

1237

Association between possession of ExoU and antibiotic resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 30265709 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1238

Resolution of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli keratitis with a PROSE device for enhanced targeted antibiotic delivery.

PMID 30272036 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: reference broth microdilution
Source Database: Reslit

1239

Microarray-Based Detection and Clinical Evaluation for Helicobacter pylori Resistance to Clarithromycin or Levofloxacin and the Genotype of CYP2C19 in 1083 Patients.

PMID 30276203 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87K, D91G
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1240

Characterization of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms in carbapenem-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa carrying IMP variants recovered from a Mexican Hospital.

PMID 30288063 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1241

A systematic review of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, the etiological agent of typhoid.

PMID 30307935 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Mutation analysis in isolates
Source Database: Reslit

1242

Multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Estonian hospitals.

PMID 30309321 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I, D87N
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1243

Contribution of OqxAB Efflux Pump in Selection of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae.

PMID 30344799 · 2018

Only one mutation found in K. pneumoniae SE191

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83Y
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1244

Whole-Genome Sequencing of Russian Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Isolates Related to ST 1407 Genogroup.

PMID 30397529 · 2018

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D538N gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.N529S gyrA: p.A119E gyrA: p.D69A gyrA: p.E460K gyrA: p.L502F

Protein Change: S91F, D95G
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1245

Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi in Bangladesh: Exploration of Genomic Diversity and Antimicrobial Resistance.

PMID 30425150 · 2018

Mutations in gyrA are associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D538N, S83F, S83Y, D87G, D87N, D87Y, N529S, A119E, D69A, E460K, L502F
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: correlation with ciprofloxacin resistance; whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1246

Molecular detection of rifampin, isoniazid, and ofloxacin resistance in Iranian isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by high-resolution melting analysis.

PMID 30425535 · 2018

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G88C gyrA: p.D94G

Protein Change: G88C, D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: HRM and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1247

Spread of GES-5 carbapenemase-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates in Japan due to clonal expansion of ST235.

PMID 30452435 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1248

Multidrug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolate, belonging to the internationally spreading Japanese FC428 clone, with ceftriaxone resistance and intermediate resistance to azithromycin, Ireland, August 2018.

PMID 30482267 · 2018

causes high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F, D95A
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1249

Characterization of gyrA and parC mutations in ciprofloxacin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Tehran hospitals in Iran.

PMID 30483376 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1250

Levofloxacin Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics, Dosing, Susceptibility Breakpoints, and Artificial Intelligence in the Treatment of Multidrug-resistant Tuberculosis.

PMID 30496461 · 2018

Mutations in gyrA were associated with levofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S28L gyrA: p.S83Y / c.TCC->TAC gyrA: p.S83F / c.TCC->TTC

Protein Change: D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1251

EmrR-Dependent Upregulation of the Efflux Pump EmrCAB Contributes to Antibiotic Resistance in Chromobacterium violaceum.

PMID 30498484 · 2018

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T85I

Protein Change: T85I
Organisms: Chromobacterium violaceum
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1252

The phylogeography and incidence of multi-drug resistant typhoid fever in sub-Saharan Africa.

PMID 30504848 · 2018

Mutations in gyrA confer reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S28L, S83Y, S83F
Nucleotide Change: TCC->TAC, TCC->TTC
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing and QRDR analysis; whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1253

Genome-wide discovery of epistatic loci affecting antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae using evolutionary couplings.

PMID 30510172 · 2019

Known resistance locus

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: GWAS and epistatic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1254

Antimicrobial resistance prediction and phylogenetic analysis of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates using the Oxford Nanopore MinION sequencer.

PMID 30514867 · 2018

Mutation in gyrA leads to resistance to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and comparison with known resistance profiles
Source Database: Reslit

1255

Antibiotic susceptibility testing of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae field isolates from Central Europe for fifteen antibiotics by microbroth dilution method.

PMID 30533041 · 2018

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G81A

Protein Change: G81A
Organisms: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: correlated with decreased antibiotic susceptibility
Source Database: Reslit

1256

Comparison of Clinical Manifestations, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Patterns, and Mutations of Fluoroquinolone Target Genes between Elizabethkingia meningoseptica and Elizabethkingia anophelis Isolated in Taiwan.

PMID 30545016 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Elizabethkingia meningoseptica, Elizabethkingia anophelis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1257

Molecular characterisation of the NDM-1-encoding plasmid p2189-NDM in an Escherichia coli ST410 clinical isolate from Ghana.

PMID 30576382 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: EC2189 possessed the S83L and D87N mutations in the QRDR of gyr A. These mutations are well-known causes of the resistance to fluoroquinolone of gram-negative bacilli, including E. coli
Source Database: Reslit

1258

Quinolone resistance phenotype and genetic characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Pullorum isolates in China, during 2011 to 2016.

PMID 30587131 · 2018

The Asp87Gly substitution in GyrA was found in three strains (3/30, 10%).

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87G
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1259

Failure of Ciprofloxacin Therapy in the Treatment of Community-Acquired Acute Pyelonephitis caused by In-Vitro Susceptible Escherichia coli Strain Producing CTX-Type Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase.

PMID 30600660 · 2018

Single point mutation in quinolone resistance-determining regions

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.D91Y gyrA: p.N87K

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1260

Levels of Mycoplasma genitalium Antimicrobial Resistance Differ by Both Region and Gender in the State of Queensland, Australia: Implications for Treatment Guidelines.

PMID 30602443 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G93C

Protein Change: G93C
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1261

Molecular Patterns of Resistance Among Helicobacter pylori Strains in South-Western Poland.

PMID 30619218 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D91G, D91N, D91Y, N87K
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1262

Multi-step genomic dissection of a suspected intra-hospital Helicobacter cinaedi outbreak.

PMID 30629483 · 2018

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T84I

Protein Change: T84I
Organisms: Helicobacter cinaedi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Effect on Function: confers resistance to fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1263

Antimicrobial resistance of Vibrio cholerae from sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review.

PMID 30643734 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

1264

Mycoplasmas under experimental antimicrobial selection: The unpredicted contribution of horizontal chromosomal transfer.

PMID 30668569 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D81N

Protein Change: D81N
Organisms: Mycoplasma agalactiae
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1265

Virulence Characteristics and an Action Mode of Antibiotic Resistance in Multidrug-Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 30679735 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC test
Source Database: Reslit

1266

Whole-genome sequences of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli in South-Kivu Province, Democratic Republic of Congo: characterization of phylogenomic changes, virulence and resistance genes.

PMID 30744567 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1267

Macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance-associated mutations in Mycoplasma genitalium in Johannesburg, South Africa, 2007-2014.

PMID 30760230 · 2019

Mutations in the QRDR of the gyrA gene were detected in 9/266 (3.4%) specimens.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.M69I

Protein Change: M69I
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1268

Continuous culture of Escherichia coli, under selective pressure by a novel antimicrobial complex, does not result in development of resistance.

PMID 30787338 · 2019

This mutation was observed in the LVX-exposed population and is associated with levofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D461H gyrA: p.D461G gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94S gyrA: p.D94Y

Protein Change: S83L
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1269

Whole-Genome Sequencing of Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains, Tunisia, 2012-2016.

PMID 30789128 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G, D461H, D461G, S91P, A90V, D94A, D94S, D94Y
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1270

Epidemic Clostridioides difficile Ribotype 027 Lineages: Comparisons of Texas Versus Worldwide Strains.

PMID 30793006 · 2019

Confers high-level fluoroquinolone resistance in FQR1 and FQR2 lineages.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.R631C

Protein Change: R631C
Organisms: Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1271

Resistance and Virulence Mechanisms of Escherichia coli Selected by Enrofloxacin in Chicken

PMID 30803968 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1272

Genomic epidemiology of severe community-onset Acinetobacter baumannii infection.

PMID 30806611 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1273

Identifying the mechanism underlying treatment failure for Salmonella Paratyphi A infection using next-generation sequencing - a case report.

PMID 30808284 · 2019

Mutations in gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella Paratyphi
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: NGS and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1274

Multiple Benefits of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Determinants in Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11 High-Risk Clone and Recently Emerging ST307 Clone.

PMID 30809206 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87A

Protein Change: D87A
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1275

The first Canadian pediatric case of extensively drug-resistant Salmonella Typhi originating from an outbreak in Pakistan and its implication for empiric antimicrobial choices.

PMID 30815359 · 2019

chromosomal mutation

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1276

Using WGS to identify antibiotic resistance genes and predict antimicrobial resistance phenotypes in MDR Acinetobacter baumannii in Tanzania.

PMID 30843063 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Effect on Function: resistance
Validation Method: WGS and phenotypic testing
Source Database: Reslit

1277

Salmonella Typhi From Blood Cultures in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A 10-Year Surveillance.

PMID 30845337 · 2019

gyrA S83F substitution resulted in higher MIC values.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella Typhi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1278

Evaluation of co-transfer of plasmid-mediated fluoroquinolone resistance genes and bla(NDM) gene in Enterobacteriaceae causing neonatal septicaemia.

PMID 30858970 · 2019

Mutations in gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1279

Detection in the United Kingdom of the Neisseria gonorrhoeae FC428 clone, with ceftriaxone resistance and intermediate resistance to azithromycin, October to December 2018.

PMID 30862336 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F, D95A
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic characterisation
Source Database: Reslit

1280

Genetic Characterization of Second-Line Drug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis from the Northern Region of India.

PMID 30864767 · 2018

Mutations in the QRDR region of the gyrA gene are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84F gyrA: p.D88Y

Protein Change: A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1281

Identification of polysaccharide capsules among extensively drug-resistant genitourinary Haemophilus parainfluenzae isolates.

PMID 30872664 · 2019

Mutations in GyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84F, D88Y
Organisms: Haemophilus parainfluenzae
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: in silico screening
Source Database: Reslit

1282

Antimicrobial resistance, virulence genes profiling and molecular relatedness of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from hospitalized patients in Guangdong Province, China.

PMID 30881052 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84L gyrA: p.F106Y gyrA: p.S84A

Protein Change: S84L, F106Y, S84A
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1283

Prevalence and mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Proteus mirabilis in Japan.

PMID 30886932 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T86I gyrA: p.S22G gyrA: p.N203S

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Proteus mirabilis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR amplification and direct DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1284

Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Salmonella enterica, Campylobacter spp., and Arcobacter butzleri from Local and Imported Poultry Meat in Kumasi, Ghana.

PMID 30907631 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I, S22G, N203S
Organisms: Campylobacter coli, Arcobacter butzleri, Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: molecular characterization
Source Database: Reslit

1285

Prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and potential pathogenicity, and possible spread of third generation cephalosporin resistance, in Escherichia coli isolated from healthy chicken farms in the region of Dakar, Senegal.

PMID 30913237 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1286

Independent Microevolution Mediated by Mobile Genetic Elements of Individual Clostridium difficile Isolates from Clade 4 Revealed by Whole-Genome Sequencing.

PMID 30944881 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T82I
Organisms: Clostridium difficile
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genome-wide association study
Source Database: Reslit

1287

gyrA and parC mutations in fluoroquinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Kenya.

PMID 30961546 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1288

Clonally Diverse Methicillin and Multidrug Resistant Coagulase Negative Staphylococci Are Ubiquitous and Pose Transfer Ability Between Pets and Their Owners.

PMID 30972035 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84F
Organisms: Staphylococcus epidermidis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1289

Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Acinetobacter spp. Panel Strains: A Cornerstone to Facilitate Antimicrobial Development.

PMID 30972044 · 2019

mutation leads to resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii, Acinetobacter nosocomialis, Acinetobacter pittii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Effect on Function: mutations in gyrA and parC genes
Validation Method: Table 3
Source Database: Reslit

1290

Mycoplasma genitalium in Symptomatic Male Urethritis: Macrolide Use Is Associated With Increased Resistance.

PMID 30972419 · 2020

Mutations in gyrA gene associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87N

Protein Change: M95I
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1291

Effects of a previously selected antibiotic resistance on mutations acquired during development of a second resistance in Escherichia coli.

PMID 30975082 · 2019

Mutations in gyrA were observed in wild-type E. coli adapted to enrofloxacin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87G, S83L, D87N
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: Whole genome sequencing and MIC measurements
Source Database: Reslit

1292

Non-typhoidal Salmonella blood stream infection in Kuwait: Clinical and microbiological characteristics.

PMID 30986214 · 2019

Mutations in gyrA gene confer resistance to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.S83Y

Protein Change: D87N, S83Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1293

Genetic Diversity of Salmonella Derby from the Poultry Sector in Europe.

PMID 30987404 · 2019

Detected in four poultry-related genomes from strains isolated in Italy.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83Y
Organisms: Salmonella Derby, Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and mutation detection
Source Database: Reslit

1294

Diversity, Virulence, and Antimicrobial Resistance in Isolates From the Newly Emerging Klebsiella pneumoniae ST101 Lineage.

PMID 31001209 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87G

Protein Change: S83Y
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1295

Molecular and Physiological Characterization of Fluoroquinolone-Highly Resistant Salmonella Enteritidis Strains.

PMID 31024504 · 2019

Mutations in gyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83Y, S83F, D87G
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

1296

Genomic Investigation of the Emergence of Invasive Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Dublin in Humans and Animals in Canada.

PMID 31036694 · 2019

Mutations in gyrA lead to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.S83F

Protein Change: D87G, D87N, D87Y, S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic testing
Source Database: Reslit

1297

High prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli strains isolated from urine clinical samples.

PMID 31041407 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1298

In Vitro and In Vivo Activity of Zabofloxacin and Other Fluoroquinolones Against MRSA Isolates from A University Hospital in Egypt.

PMID 31050254 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87T gyrA: p.N87I gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.D91Y

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR amplification and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1299

Helicobacter pylori Mutations Detected by Next-Generation Sequencing in Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Gastric Biopsy Specimens Are Associated with Treatment Failure.

PMID 31068413 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87T, N87I, D91N, D91G, D91Y
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: NGS assay
Source Database: Reslit

1300

Epidemiology and molecular characterization of the antimicrobial resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Chinese mink infected by hemorrhagic pneumonia.

PMID 31097874 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T82I gyrA: p.I82F / c.A245G

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1301

A global to local genomics analysis of Clostridioides difficile ST1/RT027 identifies cryptic transmission events in a northern Arizona healthcare network.

PMID 31107202 · 2019

Mutation in gyrA gene associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T82I, I82F
Nucleotide Change: A245G
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: in silico prediction and experimental testing; genomic analysis and in silico prediction; manual investigation of mutation states
Source Database: Reslit

1302

Global phylogenomics of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Kentucky ST198.

PMID 31107206 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: S83F, D87G, D87N, D87Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing; whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1303

Ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi in a pregnant traveller returning from Karachi, Pakistan to Denmark, 2019.

PMID 31138366 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D402E gyrA: p.E859V gyrA: p.V598I

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: antibiotic susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1304

Genomic characterization of two community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with novel sequence types in Kenya.

PMID 36226152 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D402E, E859V, V598I
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genotypic resistance
Source Database: Reslit

1305

Clonal Spread of pESI-Positive Multidrug-Resistant ST32 Salmonella enterica Serovar Infantis Isolates among Broilers and Humans in Slovenia.

PMID 36250854 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94H

Protein Change: S83Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and presence/absence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1306

In silico evaluation of WHO-endorsed molecular methods to detect drug resistant tuberculosis.

PMID 36273016 · 2022

Mutations in gyrA associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, S91P, D94A, D94N, D94Y, D94G, D94H
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: in silico evaluation
Source Database: Reslit

1307

Human pandemic K27-ST392 CTX-M-15 extended-spectrum β-lactamase-positive Klebsiella pneumoniae: A one health clone threatening companion animals.

PMID 36277105 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84L gyrA: p.S85L gyrA: p.E88G

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: resistance
Validation Method: genome analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1308

Molecular Basis of Non-β-Lactam Antibiotics Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID 36290036 · 2022

Mutations in gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L, S85L, E88G
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: experimental validation through gene expression and resistance phenotype analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1309

Characterization of Resistance and Virulence of Pasteurella multocida Isolated from Pet Cats in South China.

PMID 36290045 · 2022

Mutations in gyrA were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87G
Organisms: Pasteurella multocida
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1310

Comparison of Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Thermotolerant Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Human and Poultry Samples in Georgia (Caucasus).

PMID 36290077 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1311

Recent Advances in Methods to Detect Drug-Resistant Mtb

PMID 36296578 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

1312

MycoVarP: Mycobacterium Variant and Drug Resistance Prediction Pipeline for Whole-Genome Sequence Data Analysis.

PMID 36303799 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S95T
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: variant calling and filtration
Source Database: Reslit

1313

A survey of antimicrobial-resistant Escherichia coli prevalence in wild mammals in Japan using antimicrobial-containing media.

PMID 36310042 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1314

Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance and Efflux Pump Gene Expression in Neisseria Gonorrhoeae Isolates from South Africa by Quantitative Real-Time PCR and Regression Analysis.

PMID 36312786 · 2022

associated with decreased expression

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F, D95G
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1315

Isolation of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli from Japanese red fox (Vulpes vulpes japonica).

PMID 36314755 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1316

Increases in the Macrolide Resistance of Mycoplasma genitalium and the Emergence of the A2058T Mutation in the 23S rRNA Gene: Clonal Spread?

PMID 36358147 · 2022

mutation in gyrA gene

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S91F gyrA: p.D86N / c.G257A

Protein Change: D87N
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: conventional amplification and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1317

Current Susceptibility Surveillance and Distribution of Antimicrobial Resistance in N. gonorrheae within WHO Regions.

PMID 36364980 · 2022

gyrA mutations are associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F, D86N
Nucleotide Change: G257A
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: molecular analysis; molecular epidemiological characterization and whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1318

How Streptococcus suis escapes antibiotic treatments.

PMID 36371221 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S81L gyrA: p.E85G

Protein Change: S81L, E85G
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: mutant analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1319

Genetic Predictive Factors for Nonsusceptible Phenotypes and Multidrug Resistance in Expanded-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli from a Multicenter Cohort: Insights into the Phenotypic and Genetic Basis of Coresistance.

PMID 36377882 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1320

Detection and characterization of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and additional co-existence with mcr genes from river water in northern Thailand.

PMID 36405029 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1321

Non-lactose fermenting Escherichia coli: Following in the footsteps of lactose fermenting E. coli high-risk clones.

PMID 36406419 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genome analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1322

Chromosomally and Plasmid-Located mcr in Salmonella from Animals and Food Products in China.

PMID 36409077 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87N, D87Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica, Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:-
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: resistance to ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Table 1
Source Database: Reslit

1323

Molecular Detection of gyrA Mutation in Clinical Strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

PMID 36415795 · 2022

Multiple amino acid substitutions at codons 83 and 87 were identified.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR-RFLP and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1324

Concordance between Antimicrobial Resistance Phenotype and Genotype of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius from Healthy Dogs.

PMID 36421269 · 2022

novel mutation described in this study

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.E871K

Protein Change: E871K
Organisms: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1325

Bacterial resistance to antibacterial agents: Mechanisms, control strategies, and implications for global health.

PMID 36435256 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

1326

In Vitro and In Vivo Properties of CUO246, a Novel Bacterial DNA Gyrase/Topoisomerase IV Inhibitor.

PMID 36448795 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: selection of mutants with decreased susceptibility
Source Database: Reslit

1327

A Shigella sonnei clone with extensive drug resistance associated with waterborne outbreaks in China.

PMID 36450777 · 2022

associated with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.E21Q gyrA: p.S95T gyrA: p.R984H gyrA: p.L1842P gyrA: p.D639A gyrA: p.G668D

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Source Database: Reslit

1328

High diversity of clinical Mycobacterium intracellulare in China revealed by whole genome sequencing.

PMID 36466540 · 2022

Mutations in gyrA were found in MP-MIP strains but not associated with moxifloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.R222K

Protein Change: R222K
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1329

Genomic analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis variant bovis strains isolated from bovine in the state of Mato Grosso, Brazil.

PMID 36467663 · 2022

associated with quinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: E21Q, S95T, R984H, L1842P, D639A, G668D
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesciprofloxacin|fluoroquinolones|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis; genomic sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1330

Rapid Phenotypic Convergence towards Collateral Sensitivity in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Presenting Different Genomic Backgrounds.

PMID 36533961 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T83I gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.Y267N gyrA: p.T83A

Protein Change: T83I, D87N, Y267N, T83A
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing; experimental mutation analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1331

Clinical Implication of Drug Resistance for H. pylori Management.

PMID 36551341 · 2022

mutations in gyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87D gyrA: p.D91N

Protein Change: N87D, D91N
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: molecular resistance testing
Source Database: Reslit

1332

Genomic Analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae ST258 Strain Coproducing KPC-2 and CTX-M-14 Isolated from Poultry in the Brazilian Amazon Region.

PMID 36551493 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: associated with fluoroquinolone resistance
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1333

TBProfiler for automated calling of the association with drug resistance of variants in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 36584023 · 2022

Variant classified as associated with resistance in the WHO catalogue.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: variant classification in WHO catalogue; WGS analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1334

Prevalence and whole genome phylogenetic analysis reveal genetic relatedness between antibiotic resistance Salmonella in hatchlings and older chickens from farms in Nigeria.

PMID 36584420 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83L

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Source Database: Reslit

1335

Prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance-associated mutations in Mycoplasma genitalium among clients of two sexual health centres in the Netherlands: a cross-sectional study.

PMID 36600371 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D99Y

Protein Change: D99Y
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1336

Molecular characterization of extended-spectrum cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone resistance genes in Salmonella and Shigella isolated from clinical specimens in Thailand.

PMID 36619450 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, S83L
Organisms: Salmonella enterica, Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1337

Study on the drug resistance and pathogenicity of Escherichia coli isolated from calf diarrhea and the distribution of virulence genes and antimicrobial resistance genes.

PMID 36620061 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T86I gyrA: p.T83I gyrA: p.T80I / c.A240G gyrA: p.D87E / c.G261A gyrA: p.D95N / c.G285A gyrA: p.D95G / c.G285C gyrA: p.S83L / c.T248C

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|enrofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR detection
Source Database: Reslit

1338

The resistance mechanisms of bacteria against ciprofloxacin and new approaches for enhancing the efficacy of this antibiotic.

PMID 36620240 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I, T83I, T80I, D87E, D95N, D95G, S83L
Nucleotide Change: A240G, G261A, G285A, G285C, T248C
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Campylobacter, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: decreased affinity for ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: mutational analysis; sequencing and mutation analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1339

Development of Nanoparticle Adaptation Phenomena in Acinetobacter baumannii: Physiological Change and Defense Response.

PMID 36625664 · 2023

Mutation associated with nalidixic acid resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S81L gyrA: p.R70G

Protein Change: S81L, R70G
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequencing; whole-genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1340

Pervasive Selection for Clinically Relevant Resistance and Media Adaptive Mutations at Very Low Antibiotic Concentrations.

PMID 36627817 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1341

Extra-genital Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections with genetic mutations conferring ciprofloxacin resistance among men who have sex with men and transgender women in Lima, Peru.

PMID 36637128 · 2023

Mutation at codon Ser91 of the gyrA gene confers ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: TaqMan real time PCR assay
Source Database: Reslit

1342

Intracellular Experimental Evolution of Francisella tularensis Subsp. holarctica Live Vaccine Strain (LVS) to Antimicrobial Resistance.

PMID 36662533 · 2023

mutations in gyrA were observed in population 2

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.P183L

Protein Change: P183L
Organisms: Francisella tularensis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1343

Molecular epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile in companion animals: Genetic overlap with human strains and public health concerns.

PMID 36684930 · 2022

Confirmed by WGS.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.S87L gyrA: p.D87N

Protein Change: T82I
Organisms: Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing; WGS
Source Database: Reslit

1344

One health clones of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli carried by synanthropic animals in Brazil.

PMID 36691392 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, S87L, D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|enrofloxacin
Validation Method: Whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1345

Rapid emergence of extensively drug-resistant Shigella sonnei in France.

PMID 36709320 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S95T gyrA: p.D94G

Protein Change: S83L, D87G
Organisms: Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: analysis of the AMR genes and structures in XDR S. sonnei isolates
Source Database: Reslit

1346

Analysis of drug resistance among difficult-to-treat tuberculosis patients in Ghana identifies several pre-XDR TB cases.

PMID 36713197 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S95T, D94G
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genotyping
Source Database: Reslit

1347

gyrA Mutations in Mycoplasma genitalium and Their Contribution to Moxifloxacin Failure: Time for the Next Generation of Resistance-Guided Therapy.

PMID 36722416 · 2023

The M95I mutation in gyrA was associated with increased moxifloxacin treatment failure.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: M95I
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing and correlation with treatment outcomes
Source Database: Reslit

1348

The genomic characterization of Salmonella Paratyphi A from an outbreak of enteric fever in Vadodara, India.

PMID 36748526 · 2023

74.35% of isolates had S83F substitution, 25.6% had S83Y substitution

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella Paratyphi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1349

An ST131 clade and a phylogroup A clade bearing an O101-like O-antigen cluster predominate among bloodstream Escherichia coli isolates from South-West Nigeria hospitals.

PMID 36748556 · 2022

Mutations in gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N, S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1350

A bittersweet fate: detection of serotype switching in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 36748704 · 2023

Resistant gyrA alleles were found in 95% of O12 ST111 isolates and 86% of all O12 isolates.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing and phylogenetic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1351

Clinical Evaluation of the XDR-LFC Assay for the Molecular Detection of Isoniazid, Rifampin, Fluoroquinolone, Kanamycin, Capreomycin, and Amikacin Drug Resistance in a Prospective Cohort.

PMID 36757183 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94Y
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: XDR-LFC assay
Source Database: Reslit

1352

Pre-exposure to azithromycin enhances gonococcal resilience to subsequent ciprofloxacin exposure: an in vitro study.

PMID 36761832 · 2022

Mutation observed in lineages exposed to GC broth followed by ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.S83A

Protein Change: S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1353

Role of the Water-Metal Ion Bridge in Quinolone Interactions with Escherichia coli Gyrase.

PMID 36769202 · 2023

Wild-type GyrA is susceptible to quinolones

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N, S83A
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: DNA cleavage assays with ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1354

Whole-genome-based characterization of Campylobacter jejuni from human patients with gastroenteritis collected over an 18 year period reveals increasing prevalence of antimicrobial resistance.

PMID 36809179 · 2023

T86I is the most prevalent mutation in quinolone-resistant isolates

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: genotypic and phenotypic analysis; genomic analysis and phenotypic testing
Source Database: Reslit

1355

New insights on tuberculosis transmission dynamics and drug susceptibility profiles among the prison population in Southern Brazil based on whole-genome sequencing.

PMID 36820651 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, S91P
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole_genome_sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1356

Mutations Related to Antibiotics Resistance in Helicobacter pylori Clinical Isolates from Bangladesh.

PMID 36830189 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S95T gyrA: p.D94G

Protein Change: N87K, D91N
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and association analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1357

Clinical utility of target-based next-generation sequencing for drug-resistant TB.

PMID 36853141 · 2023

Mutations in gyrA were identified as a key determinant of fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S95T, D94G
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: Targeted next-generation sequencing (tNGS) with correlation to phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST)
Source Database: Reslit

1358

Quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli at the interface between humans, poultry and their shared environment- a potential public health risk.

PMID 36855171 · 2023

Single substitution

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.S83A gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: S83L, D87N, S83A, D87Y
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acidfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1359

Antimicrobial resistance in Campylobacter fetus: emergence and genomic evolution.

PMID 36862577 · 2023

Mutations in gyrA confer resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D91Y gyrA: p.T87I gyrA: p.D91N

Protein Change: D91Y, T87I, D91N
Organisms: Campylobacter fetus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|enrofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1360

Genomic insight into Campylobacter jejuni isolated from commercial turkey flocks in Germany using whole-genome sequencing analysis.

PMID 36875995 · 2023

associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1361

Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella spp. isolated from enteritis patients in Japan.

PMID 36878553 · 2023

Detected in 31 STs

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.S80I gyrA: p.I529L gyrA: p.E84V

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of partial gyrA genes
Source Database: Reslit

1362

Fluoroquinolone resistance among fecal extended spectrum βeta lactamases positive Enterobacterales isolates from children in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.

PMID 36882712 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, S80I, I529L, E84V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: confers resistance to fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1363

Carbapenem-Resistant and ESBL-Producing Enterobacterales Emerging in Central Texas.

PMID 36891378 · 2023

Mutations in gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.D87N / c.G260A

Protein Change: S83I, D87N
Nucleotide Change: G260A
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and comparative analysis; Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1364

The State of the Art of Molecular Fecal Investigations for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) Antibiotic Resistances.

PMID 36901792 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.D91Y

Protein Change: N87K, D91N, D91G, D91Y
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1365

A rapid, accurate, and low-cost method for detecting Mycobacterium tuberculosis and its drug-resistant genes in pulmonary tuberculosis: Applications of MassARRAY DNA mass spectrometry.

PMID 36910195 · 2023

Poor correlation with phenotype

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94Y

Protein Change: D94G, D94Y
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1366

Genomic analyses of drug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Heidelberg strains isolated from meat and related sources between 2013 and 2017 in the south region of Brazil.

PMID 36920496 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: quinolones|fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: mutations in gyrA confer resistance to quinolones and fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1367

Molecular characteristics and antibiotic resistance mechanisms of clindamycin-resistant Streptococcus agalactiae isolates in China.

PMID 36937303 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81L
Organisms: Streptococcus agalactiae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1368

Whole-Genome Analysis of Antimicrobial-Resistant Salmonella enterica Isolated from Duck Carcasses in Hanoi, Vietnam.

PMID 36975513 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1369

Genomic Analysis Reveals New Integrative Conjugal Elements and Transposons in GBS Conferring Antimicrobial Resistance.

PMID 36978411 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A2142G gyrA: p.A2143G

Protein Change: S81F
Organisms: Streptococcus agalactiae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: genotyping and phenotypic susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1370

Antimicrobial Resistance Molecular Mechanisms of Helicobacter pylori in Jordanian Children: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study.

PMID 36978485 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A2142G, A2143G
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing of the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of the gyrA gene
Source Database: Reslit

1371

Acinetobacter baumannii from Samples of Commercially Reared Turkeys: Genomic Relationships, Antimicrobial and Biocide Susceptibility.

PMID 36985332 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.H211Y

Protein Change: S81L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1372

Discovery of a novel sub-lineage of multi-drug resistant Shigella flexneri in Southern California.

PMID 36990199 · 2023

chromosomal mutation

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N, S83L, H211Y
Organisms: Shigella flexneri
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1373

Editorial: Mobile genetic elements as dissemination drivers of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria

PMID 37009500 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

1374

FLASH-TB: an Application of Next-Generation CRISPR to Detect Drug Resistant Tuberculosis from Direct Sputum.

PMID 37010411 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94N
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1375

Genomic characterization of endemic diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and Escherichia albertii from infants with diarrhea in Vietnam.

PMID 37014918 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Escherichia albertii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1376

Characterization of cephalosporin and fluoroquinolone resistant Enterobacterales from Irish farm waste by whole genome sequencing.

PMID 37032887 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Table 1
Source Database: Reslit

1377

Whole-genome sequencing of Histophilus somni strains isolated in Russia.

PMID 37042002 · 2023

The Ser83Ile substitution was identified in the DNA topoisomerase II (gyrA) in H. somni strains 532-VIEV and 551-VIEV.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Histophilus somni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|enrofloxacin|norfloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis and phenotypic resistance testing
Source Database: Reslit

1378

Exploring Efflux as a Mechanism of Reduced Susceptibility towards Biocides and Fluoroquinolones in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius.

PMID 37048526 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC determination and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1379

Drug Susceptibility Test and Analysis of Quinolone Resistance Genes in Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Vaccine Strains and Field Isolates from China.

PMID 37063936 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.R921K

Protein Change: R921K
Organisms: Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1380

Mycoplasma genitalium antibiotic resistance-associated mutations in genital and extragenital samples from men-who-have-sex-with-men attending a STI clinic in Verona, Italy.

PMID 37065200 · 2023

clinically relevant

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87H

Protein Change: M95I
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1381

Brevundimonas brasiliensis sp. nov.: a New Multidrug-Resistant Species Isolated from a Patient in Brazil.

PMID 37067439 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87H
Organisms: Brevundimonas brasiliensis
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis and functional prediction
Source Database: Reslit

1382

Genome profiling of uropathogenic E. coli from strictly defined community-acquired UTI in paediatric patients: a multicentric study.

PMID 37072773 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1383

Situational analysis on fluoroquinolones use and characterization of high-level ciprofloxacin-resistant Enterococcus faecalis by integrated broiler operations in South Korea.

PMID 37077954 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.N87L gyrA: p.N87I gyrA: p.N87A gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.D91A gyrA: p.D91Y gyrA: p.D91H gyrA: p.A55S gyrA: p.D86N gyrA: p.A88P gyrA: p.A88V gyrA: p.R130K gyrA: p.R295H

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Enterococcus faecalis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1384

Antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori: From potential biomolecular mechanisms to clinical practice.

PMID 37088871 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87K, N87L, N87I, N87A, D91G, D91N, D91A, D91Y, D91H, A55S, D86N, A88P, A88V, R130K, R295H
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

1385

Ceftriaxone resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Paratyphi A identified in a case of enteric fever: first case report from Pakistan.

PMID 37101111 · 2023

Mutation in the quinolone resistance determining region

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87A

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1386

A Nationwide Genomic Study of Clinical Klebsiella pneumoniae Carrying bla(OXA-232) and rmtF in China.

PMID 37102869 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I, S83F, D87A
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1387

Prevalence and Characterization of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Dogs and Cats in South Korea.

PMID 37107106 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1388

Assessment of Prevalence and Diversity of Antimicrobial Resistant Escherichia coli from Retail Meats in Southern California.

PMID 37107144 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1389

Genomic Characterization and Genetic Profiles of Salmonella Gallinarum Strains Isolated from Layers with Fowl Typhoid in Colombia.

PMID 37107581 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87G, D87N, D87Y
Organisms: Salmonella Gallinarum
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1390

Genomic Characterization of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Isolates from Tertiary Hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

PMID 37108743 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: Whole genome sequencing and in silico analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1391

A point mutation in recC associated with subclonal replacement of carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11 in China.

PMID 37117217 · 2023

mutation associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87G
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: measured MICs of ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, and sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim for 368 O2v1:KL64 and 140 OL101:K47 isolates
Source Database: Reslit

1392

Isolation, susceptibility profiles and genomic analysis of a colistin-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky strain COL-R.

PMID 37124985 · 2023

mutation in gyrA gene

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1393

Antibiotic-Resistant Vibrio cholerae O1 and Its SXT Elements Associated with Two Cholera Epidemics in Kenya in 2007 to 2010 and 2015 to 2016.

PMID 37125926 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.D94N

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1394

Clinical, Bacteriological, and Genetic Characterization of Bone and Joint Infections Involving Linezolid-Resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis: a Retrospective Multicenter Study in French Reference Centers.

PMID 37133395 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84Y

Protein Change: S84Y
Confers Resistance To: delafloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1395

Evolution and epidemic success of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in eastern China: evidence from a prospective study.

PMID 37147590 · 2023

Mutations in gyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, D94N
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1396

Mutation-based fluoroquinolone resistance in carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii and Escherichia coli isolates causing catheter-related bloodstream infections.

PMID 37151743 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.C173R

Protein Change: C173R
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1397

Genomic Diversity of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus CC398 Isolates Collected from Diseased Swine in the German National Resistance Monitoring Program GERM-Vet from 2007 to 2019.

PMID 37154741 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1398

Genomic analysis of 1710 surveillance-based Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from the USA in 2019 identifies predominant strain types and chromosomal antimicrobial-resistance determinants.

PMID 37171855 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1399

The Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae among Neonates in Kuwait.

PMID 37189605 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94N

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1400

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Intra-Host Evolution Among Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Patients Failing Treatment.

PMID 37193296 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G, D94N
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Effect on Function: emerging resistance to the fluoroquinolones was associated with 16- and 64-fold elevated levofloxacin (2–8 mg/L) and moxifloxacin (1–2 mg/L) MICs, respectively, resulting from the D94G/N and A90V variants in the gyrA gene
Validation Method: deep whole genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1401

Dissemination of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with decreased susceptibility to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in Southern China, 2021: a genome-wide surveillance from 20 cities.

PMID 37198645 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1402

Emergence of community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus ΨUSA300 among Japanese people with HIV, resulted from stepwise mutations in 2010s.

PMID 37221358 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.S80I

Protein Change: L84S
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: genotyping and phenotypic susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1403

Multidrug-resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella of public health significance recovered from migratory birds in Bangladesh.

PMID 37256054 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N, S83F, D87Y, S80I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Effect on Function: mutation in the gyrA gene giving the D87N substitution in the amino acid sequence associated with quinolone resistance; harbored mutations gyrA (S83F), gyrA (D87Y), and parC (S80I) associated with resistance to quinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1404

In Vivo Emergence of Dual Resistance to Rifampin and Levofloxacin in Osteoarticular Cutibacterium avidum.

PMID 37289061 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S101L

Protein Change: S101L
Organisms: Cutibacterium avidum
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1405

Serotypes, Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles, and Virulence Factors of Salmonella Isolates in Chinese Edible Frogs (Hoplobatrachus rugulosus) Collected from Wet Markets in Hong Kong.

PMID 37297489 · 2023

Mutation in gyrA gene leading to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S91L gyrA: p.D95E

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1406

Current State of Knowledge Regarding WHO High Priority Pathogens-Resistance Mechanisms and Proposed Solutions through Candidates Such as Essential Oils: A Systematic Review.

PMID 37298678 · 2023

mutations in the gyrA gene confer resistance to fluoroquinolones in N. gonorrhoeae

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91L, D95E
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

1407

Advantages of Whole Genome Sequencing in Mitigating the Helicobacter pylori Antimicrobial Resistance Problem.

PMID 37317213 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A92T gyrA: p.A129T

Protein Change: A92T, A129T
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

1408

Salmonella Typhi whole genome sequencing in Rwanda shows a diverse historical population with recent introduction of haplotype H58.

PMID 37327220 · 2023

S83Y substitution in gyrA gene leads to decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and phenotypic AST
Source Database: Reslit

1409

Hi-plex deep amplicon sequencing for identification, high-resolution genotyping and multidrug resistance prediction of Mycobacterium leprae directly from patient biopsies by using Deeplex Myc-Lep.

PMID 37327675 · 2023

Mutations in gyrA were detected in the resistant strain Br14-3.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A91V
Organisms: Mycobacterium leprae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1410

Whole-genome sequencing and phylogenetic analysis capture the emergence of a multi-drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis clone from diagnostic animal samples in the United States.

PMID 37333652 · 2023

Mutation in gyr A gene conferring reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Effect on Function: reduced susceptibility
Validation Method: genomic analysis and phenotypic testing; gene sequencing and phenotypic resistance testing
Source Database: Reslit

1411

Different stages of the infection cycle are enriched for Campylobacter strains with distinct phenotypes and levels of fluoroquinolone resistance.

PMID 37351946 · 2023

Mutations in gyrA were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter isolates.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S87F

Protein Change: S87F
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: agar dilution method
Source Database: Reslit

1412

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli population structure and antimicrobial susceptibility in Norfolk, UK.

PMID 37358190 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N, S83L
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1413

Phenotypic and Genotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Chlamydia trachomatis Isolates from Patients with Persistent or Clinical Treatment Failure in Spain.

PMID 37370294 · 2023

No mutations were found in the gyrA gene.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Chlamydia trachomatis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR-based genotyping of single nucleotide polymorphisms
Source Database: Reslit

1414

Resistance Profiles to Second-Line Anti-Tuberculosis Drugs and Their Treatment Outcomes: A Three-Year Retrospective Analysis from South India.

PMID 37374209 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genotypic DST using SL-LPA
Source Database: Reslit

1415

Investigation of Delafloxacin Resistance in Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Strains and the Detection of E. coli ST43 International High-Risk Clone.

PMID 37375104 · 2023

mutations in QRDR of gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94H gyrA: p.D94Y

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: delafloxacin|ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1416

The Role of Hypermutation and Collateral Sensitivity in Antimicrobial Resistance Diversity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Populations in Cystic Fibrosis Lung Infection.

PMID 37398156 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.I83T

Protein Change: I83T
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: zone of inhibition measurements
Source Database: Reslit

1417

Rapid detection of fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis using a novel multienzyme isothermal rapid assay.

PMID 37402884 · 2023

Mutations in codons 90 and 94 of gyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, D94G, D94A, D94N, D94H, D94Y
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing and MIRA-LF assay
Source Database: Reslit

1418

Molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae with high-level resistance to cefuroxime, levofloxacin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

PMID 37407940 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84F gyrA: p.D88G gyrA: p.E433D gyrA: p.I472V gyrA: p.D740E

Protein Change: S84F, D88G, E433D, I472V, D740E
Organisms: non-typeable Haemophilus
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic variation analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1419

Fluoroquinolone resistance does not facilitate phage Φ13 integration or excision in Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID 37424547 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: experimental validation
Source Database: Reslit

1420

Antimicrobial susceptibilities and genomic epidemiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Stockholm, Sweden.

PMID 37442885 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F, D95A
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic resistance traits found in this strain
Source Database: Reslit

1421

Collateral sensitivity: An evolutionary trade-off between antibiotic resistance mechanisms, attractive for dealing with drug-resistance crisis.

PMID 37448730 · 2023

Mutation in gyrA (Asp87Gly) leads to resistance to fluoroquinolones and unexpected hypersensitivity to other drugs.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87G
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

1422

Expansion of healthcare-associated hypervirulent KPC-2-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae ST11/KL64 beyond hospital settings.

PMID 37448770 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1423

Whole genome analysis and antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Ghana.

PMID 37455743 · 2023

Mutations in gyrA were linked to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.N87I gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.D91Y

Protein Change: S91F, D95G
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genotyping and phenotyping
Source Database: Reslit

1424

The Helicobacter pylori single nucleotide polymorphisms SNPs associated with multiple therapy resistance in Colombia.

PMID 37485536 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87K, N87I, D91G, D91N, D91Y
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: Tankovic et al. (2003); Trespalacios et al. (2016); Mannion et al. (2021)
Source Database: Reslit

1425

Genomic alterations involved in fluoroquinolone resistance development in Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID 37494330 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84L gyrA: p.S85P gyrA: p.E88K

Protein Change: S84L, S85P, E88K
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1426

Phenotypic and genetic insights into efflux pump mechanism in Mycoplasma anserisalpingitidis.

PMID 37502405 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T446I

Protein Change: T446I
Organisms: Mycoplasma anserisalpingitidis
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1427

Whole Genome Sequencing for Studying Helicobacter pylori Antimicrobial Resistance.

PMID 37508231 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.N87I gyrA: p.N87Y gyrA: p.N87H gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.D91Y gyrA: p.D91A

Protein Change: N87K, N87I, N87Y, N87H, D91G, D91N, D91Y, D91A
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: genotypic correlation
Source Database: Reslit

1428

Meningococcal Antibiotic Resistance: Molecular Characterization of Isolates from Patients with Invasive Meningococcal Disease (IMD) in Greece.

PMID 37508232 · 2023

Mutations promoted from gene entry 'gyrA346' (model emitted mutations_found inside genes).

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T91I
Organisms: Neisseria meningitidis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1429

Incidence and Genomic Background of Antibiotic Resistance in Food-Borne and Clinical Isolates of Salmonella enterica Serovar Derby from Spain.

PMID 37508300 · 2023

Point mutation in the gyrA gene associated with nalidixic acid resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing; genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1430

Whole-genome sequencing reveals changes in genomic diversity and distinctive repertoires of T3SS and T6SS effector candidates in Chilean clinical Campylobacter strains.

PMID 37520433 · 2023

Detected in 25% of isolates

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.S80I gyrA: p.E84V

Protein Change: S86L
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1431

Serotype replacement and an increase in non-encapsulated isolates among community-acquired infections of Streptococcus pneumoniae during post-vaccine era in Japan.

PMID 37554357 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S114G

Protein Change: S114G
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: direct sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1432

Antimicrobial resistance and clonality of Staphylococcus aureus causing bacteraemia in children admitted to the Manhiça District Hospital, Mozambique, over two decades.

PMID 37555065 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84A

Protein Change: S84A
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1433

Portrait of a killer: Uncovering resistance mechanisms and global spread of Acinetobacter baumannii.

PMID 37561719 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S412F

Protein Change: S412F
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: mutagenesis and resistance testing
Source Database: Reslit

1434

Increase in the community circulation of ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli despite reduction in antibiotic prescriptions.

PMID 37567971 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, S80I, E84V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1435

Genomic and Antimicrobial Surveillance of Campylobacter Population in Italian Poultry.

PMID 37569189 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: genotypic resistance
Source Database: Reslit

1436

Genomic and functional portrait of multidrug-resistant, hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S)-producing variants of Escherichia coli.

PMID 37577429 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: resistance
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1437

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Yaoundé, Cameroon, 2019 to 2020.

PMID 37590058 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: decreased fluoroquinolone binding
Validation Method: genotyping and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1438

Genomic characterization of Campylobacter isolates in Huzhou, China.

PMID 37590201 · 2023

C257T mutation in gyrA gene associated with quinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.C257T

Protein Change: C257T
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones|fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1439

Genomic traits of multidrug resistant enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli isolates from diarrheic pigs.

PMID 37601351 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87G

Protein Change: S83L
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1440

Poultry production as the main reservoir of ciprofloxacin- and tigecycline-resistant extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella enterica serovar Kentucky ST198.2-2 causing human infections in China.

PMID 37610223 · 2023

Mutations in gyrA confer resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87G
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Source Database: Reslit

1441

Corrigendum: Pathogen genomics and phage-based solutions for accurately identifying and controlling Salmonella pathogens.

PMID 37614593 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: gene detection in isolates
Source Database: Reslit

1442

Dissemination of the high-risk cloneST147 carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae from a local tertiary care hospital in the Republic of Korea.

PMID 37620875 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.S83Y

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1443

Founding of the culture collection of antibiotic-resistant strains of zoonotic bacteria in the Russian Federation.

PMID 37621551 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N, S83Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica, Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|enrofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1444

Multidrug Resistance Profiles and Resistance Mechanisms to β-Lactams and Fluoroquinolones in Bacterial Isolates from Hospital Wastewater in Bangladesh.

PMID 37623228 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp.
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and mutation analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1445

Updated Review on Clinically-Relevant Properties of Delafloxacin.

PMID 37627661 · 2023

Most frequent mutation observed in DLX-resistant S. aureus strains

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S464F

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: delafloxacin
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

1446

Genomic Characterization of Salmonella Isangi: A Global Perspective of a Rare Serovar.

PMID 37627729 · 2023

Salmonella isangi gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3007751

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N, S83F, S464F
Organisms: Salmonella Isangi, Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acidfluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: ReslitCard Database

1447

Genetic Diversity and Resistome Analysis of Campylobacter lari Isolated from Gulls in Croatia.

PMID 37627730 · 2023

The gyrA_2 T86V mutation was detected in all C. lari isolates resistant to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T86V

Protein Change: T86V
Organisms: Campylobacter lari
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: WGS analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1448

Molecular Analysis of Anti-Tuberculosis Drug Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolated in the Republic of Korea.

PMID 37627744 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G, A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofx
Validation Method: DNA sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1449

First Report of Campylobacter jejuni Strains Belonging to ST-21 Clonal Complex Isolated from Human, Poultry and Wild Birds in Croatia: Antimicrobial Resistance and Genetic Distance.

PMID 37630444 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and phenotypic susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1450

Whole-Genome Sequencing-Based Screening of MRSA in Patients and Healthcare Workers in Public Hospitals in Benin.

PMID 37630513 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1451

High Levels of Antibiotic Resistance in MDR-Strong Biofilm-Forming Salmonella Typhimurium ST34 in Southern China.

PMID 37630565 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: D87N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1452

Genomic analysis and antimicrobial activity of β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitors and other agents against KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates from Brazilian hospitals.

PMID 37670032 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I, S83F, S83Y, D87N, D87G, D87Y
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1453

Phylogenetic lineages and antimicrobial resistance determinants of clinical Klebsiella oxytoca spanning local to global scales.

PMID 37676032 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83T gyrA: p.S83I

Protein Change: S83T, S83I
Organisms: Klebsiella oxytoca
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: reduced susceptibility to quinolone as a result of the diminished binding of quinolones to the topoisomerase-DNA complex
Validation Method: non-synonymous point mutation; commonly detected in ST2
Source Database: Reslit

1454

Analysis of Drug-Resistance Characteristics and Genetic Diversity of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Based on Whole-Genome Sequencing on the Hainan Island, China.

PMID 37692467 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S464F / c.T1391C

Protein Change: D94G, A90V
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) and drug susceptibility testing (DST)
Source Database: Reslit

1455

Global distribution of antimicrobial resistance in Salmonella Typhi

PMID 37697804 · 2023

associated with ciprofloxacin non-susceptibility

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, S464F
Nucleotide Change: T1391C
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and phenotypic testing; whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1456

Species Profiles and Antimicrobial Resistance of Non-aureus Staphylococci Isolated from Healthy Broilers, Farm Environments, and Farm Workers.

PMID 37701746 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84L gyrA: p.S84F

Protein Change: S84L, S84F
Organisms: Staphylococcus agnetis, Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staphylococcus arlettae, Staphylococcus cohnii, Staphylococcus condimenti, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus gallinarum, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus lentus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, Staphylococcus sciuri, Staphylococcus simulans, Staphylococcus ureilyticus, Staphylococcus warneri, Staphylococcus xylosus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1457

Prevalence of mutations associated with macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae with Allplex NG-DR Assay (Seegene) in a tertiary hospital from Madrid, Spain.

PMID 37721708 · 2023

Detected in 67 (59.8%) strains of NG.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Allplex™ NG & DR Assay (Seegene®)
Source Database: Reslit

1458

Evolution of antimicrobial resistance in E. coli biofilm treated with high doses of ciprofloxacin.

PMID 37731931 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1459

Insight into the drug-resistant characteristics and genetic diversity of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in China.

PMID 37732780 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1460

Development of Cas13a-based assays for Neisseria gonorrhoeae detection and gyrase A determination.

PMID 37732792 · 2023

The mutation in gyrA at codon 91 (Ser83Leu) was identified as responsible for ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1461

Outbreak of Sexually Transmitted Nongroupable Neisseria meningitidis-Associated Urethritis, Vietnam.

PMID 37735771 · 2023

Monomutation at T91I in gyrA leads to increased ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83L

Protein Change: T91I
Organisms: Neisseria meningitidis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1462

Phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance correlation and plasmid characterization in Salmonella spp. isolates from Italy reveal high heterogeneity among serovars.

PMID 37744490 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83Y, D87N, D87Y, D87G, S83F, S83L
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: genomic sequences; genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1463

The scope of antimicrobial resistance in residential aged care facilities determined through analysis of Escherichia coli and the total wastewater resistome.

PMID 37787536 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1464

Chance Favors the Prepared Genomes: Horizontal Transfer Shapes the Emergence of Antibiotic Resistance Mutations in Core Genes.

PMID 37788575 · 2023

One of the most frequent mutations in E. coli

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87E gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: D87N, S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: Phylogenetic analysis and screening of mutations in the RefSeq dataset; phylogenetic reconstruction and analysis of mutation trajectories
Source Database: Reslit

1465

The Drug-Specific Propensity Regarding the Acquisition of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Escherichia coli: An in vitro Challenge and DNA Mutation Analysis.

PMID 37789839 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87E, D87G, D87Y
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1466

A genomic survey of Clostridioides difficile isolates from hospitalized patients in Melbourne, Australia.

PMID 37815385 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T82I
Organisms: Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: in silico prediction
Source Database: Reslit

1467

Mixed infections in genotypic drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 37816829 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genotypic resistance prediction using TB-Profiler software
Source Database: Reslit

1468

The balance between antibiotic resistance and fitness/virulence in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: an update on basic knowledge and fundamental research.

PMID 37840717 · 2023

Mutations in gyrA lead to resistance to quinolones.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T91F gyrA: p.D95A gyrA: p.T91I gyrA: p.D95G

Protein Change: D87G
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

1469

Continuing genomic evolution of the Neisseria meningitidis cc11.2 urethritis clade, NmUC: a narrative review.

PMID 37850987 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T91F, D95A, T91I, D95G
Organisms: Neisseria meningitidis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

1470

Economic evaluation of antimicrobial resistance in curable sexually transmitted infections; a systematic review and a case study.

PMID 37856496 · 2023

Mutation in gyrA gene associated with ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: gyrA assay
Source Database: Reslit

1471

Systematic investigation of the emerging pathogen of Tsukamurella species in a Chinese tertiary teaching hospital.

PMID 37874148 · 2023

The S91R mutation in the QRDR of the gyrA gene was associated with high resistance to levofloxacin and ciprofloxacin but intermediate resistance to moxifloxacin.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S91R

Protein Change: S91R
Organisms: Tsukamurella
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of the gyrA gene in the isolate 22TM00764
Source Database: Reslit

1472

Strain belonging to an emerging, virulent sublineage of ST131 Escherichia coli isolated in fresh spinach, suggesting that ST131 may be transmissible through agricultural products.

PMID 37876872 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1473

Genetic Characterization of Extensively Drug-Resistant Shigella sonnei Infections, Spain, 2021-2022.

PMID 37877619 · 2023

All isolates had this mutation

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S105L gyrA: p.S105F

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1474

Quantitative measurement of antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveals genetic determinants of resistance and susceptibility in a target gene approach.

PMID 37886522 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S105L, S105F
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: Multivariable linear mixed model analysis of WGS and MIC data
Source Database: Reslit

1475

First Isolation of Methicillin-Resistant Livestock-Associated Staphylococcus aureus CC398 and CC1 in Intensive Pig Production Farms in Argentina.

PMID 37889703 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: mutation in GyrA confers resistance to ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1476

The clinical, genomic, and microbiological profile of invasive multi-drug resistant Escherichia coli in a major teaching hospital in the United Kingdom.

PMID 37902454 · 2023

Mutations in gyrA contribute to ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1477

Unveiling the genome of a high-risk pandrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae emerging in the Brazilian Amazon Region, 2022.

PMID 37909500 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and comparison with wild-type genes
Source Database: Reslit

1478

Molecular characterization of genetic mutations with fitness loss in pulmonary tuberculosis patients associated with HIV co-infection in Northwest Amhara, Ethiopia.

PMID 37933292 · 2023

Mutation in the gyrA gene is associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D678E

Protein Change: D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: detected in a single isolate
Source Database: Reslit

1479

Fluoroquinolone resistance determinants in carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from urine clinical samples in Thailand.

PMID 37953793 · 2023

most common mutation

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N, D678E
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing; sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1480

Whole-Genome Sequencing-Based Profiling of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes and Core-Genome Multilocus Sequence Typing of Campylobacter jejuni from Different Sources in Lithuania.

PMID 37958998 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T665S gyrA: p.S22G / c.A64G gyrA: p.T86I / c.C257T gyrA: p.R285K / c.G854A gyrA: p.A312T / c.G934A

Protein Change: T665S, S22G, T86I, R285K, A312T
Nucleotide Change: A64G, C257T, G854A, G934A
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: increased resistance to FQs
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1481

Correlating genotypic and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing in clinical Chlamydia trachomatis isolates.

PMID 37966206 · 2023

Mutations in the gyrA gene were not included within the quinolone-resistance-determining regions and are not associated with ofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.V61A gyrA: p.H129Q

Protein Change: V61A, H129Q
Organisms: Chlamydia trachomatis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1482

Comparative genotypic characterization related to antibiotic resistance phenotypes of clinical carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii MTC1106 (ST2) and MTC0619 (ST25).

PMID 37978344 · 2023

Double mutation with parC S84L

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S105L gyrA: p.S105I

Protein Change: S81L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1483

Resistome and virulome of high-risk pandemic clones of multidrug-resistant extra-intestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) isolated from tertiary healthcare settings in Uganda.

PMID 37992119 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S105L, S105I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: chromosomal point mutations within the gyrA gene responsible for ciprofloxacin resistance phenotype were detected in 82.1% of the isolates. The observed change in nucleotide was from TCG to "TTG/GTG" in the isolates detected with gyrA mutation ( S1 File )
Source Database: Reslit

1484

Emergence and persistent spread of carbapenemase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae high-risk clones in Greek hospitals, 2013 to 2022.

PMID 37997662 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.D87N

Protein Change: S83I, D87N
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1485

Distribution of Extended-Spectrum-β-Lactamase-Producing Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli Clonal Complex 10 Isolates from Patients with Diarrhea in the Republic of Korea.

PMID 37998816 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.S83A gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87N

Protein Change: S83L, S83A, D87G, D87N
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid|ofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1486

Genome Analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae Reveals International High-Risk Pandemic MDR Clones Emerging in Tertiary Healthcare Settings in Uganda.

PMID 38003798 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1487

A Review of the Resistance Mechanisms for β-Lactams, Macrolides and Fluoroquinolones among Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 38003976 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81L
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

1488

Prolonged survival of a patient with active MDR-TB HIV co-morbidity: insights from a Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain with a unique genomic deletion.

PMID 38020140 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and drug susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1489

A One Health approach based on genomics for enhancing the Salmonella enterica surveillance in Colombia.

PMID 38020187 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.D741E gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D678E gyrA: p.Q454H

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1490

Molecular epidemiology and pathogenomics of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing- Escherichia coli and - Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from bulk tank milk in Tennessee, USA.

PMID 38029210 · 2023

Mutations in gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87Y, D741E, D87G, D87N, D678E, Q454H
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: Genome sequencing and gene characterization
Source Database: Reslit

1491

Corynebacterium oculi-related bacterium may act as a pathogen and carrier of antimicrobial resistance genes in dogs: a case report.

PMID 38031130 · 2023

mutation in quinolone resistance determining region

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84I

Protein Change: S84I
Organisms: Corynebacterium sp.
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|enrofloxacin|marbofloxacin|tulathromycin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1492

Vertebral osteomyelitis caused by Campylobacter jejuni in an immunocompetent patient.

PMID 38037181 · 2023

Confers resistance to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94G

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1493

Monitoring of First-line Drug Resistance Mutations Outside the Scope of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra is Needed for Successful Control of DR-TB in Southern Mozambique.

PMID 38048599 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94A, D94G
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1494

A precision overview of genomic resistance screening in Ecuadorian isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using web-based bioinformatics tools.

PMID 38051742 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D89G

Protein Change: A90V, D94N, D89G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1495

Antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori in Nanjing, China: a cross-section study from 2018 to 2023.

PMID 38089809 · 2023

Multiple gyrA mutations were identified, including single, double, and one triple site mutation.

Helicobacter pylori gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3007052

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.N87I gyrA: p.N91Y gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.N87R gyrA: p.D87G

Protein Change: N87K, D91N, D91G, N87I, N91Y, D87Y, N87R, D87G
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Validation Method: PCR and Sanger sequencing
Source Database: ReslitCard Database

1496

Recombination-mediated dissemination of Methicillin-resistant S. aureus clonal complex 1 in the Egyptian health care settings.

PMID 38098126 · 2023

associated with CC8 and CC361 isolates

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.M95I gyrA: c.G297A

Protein Change: S81F
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genotypic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1497

Concurrent parC and gyrA fluoroquinolone resistance mutations and associated strains in Mycoplasma genitalium in Queensland, Australia

PMID 38102067 · 2024

GyrA-M95I was the most common GyrA mutation observed, found in 29.6% of samples.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: M95I
Nucleotide Change: G297A
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1498

Machine learning and phylogenetic analysis allow for predicting antibiotic resistance in M. tuberculosis.

PMID 38124060 · 2023

associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: phylogenetic analysis and machine learning models
Source Database: Reslit

1499

Word-based GWAS harnesses the rich potential of genomic data for E. coli quinolone resistance.

PMID 38152371 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T91I gyrA: p.D95N

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|norfloxacin|ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: unitig analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1500

Characterizing Neisseria meningitidis in Southern Vietnam between 2012 and 2021: A predominance of the chloramphenicol-resistant ST-1576 lineage.

PMID 38162295 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T91I, D95N
Organisms: Neisseria meningitidis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1501

Escherichia coli sequence type 410 with carbapenemases: a paradigm shift within E. coli toward multidrug resistance.

PMID 38193668 · 2024

associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S95A gyrA: p.S88L

Protein Change: D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1502

Quantitative measurement of antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis reveals genetic determinants of resistance and susceptibility in a target gene approach.

PMID 38216576 · 2024

mutations

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S95A, S88L
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: association with increased MIC
Source Database: Reslit

1503

Genetic Determinants in MRSA Carriage and Their Association with Decolonization Outcome.

PMID 38217690 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1504

Genotypic Characterization of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli from Companion Animals: Predominance of ST372 in Dogs and Human-Related ST73 in Cats.

PMID 38247597 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.H70R gyrA: p.A74S gyrA: p.G88C gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91A gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94H gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.A126R

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Source Database: Reslit

1505

Comparative genomics and drug resistance of a geographic variant of ST239 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus emerged in Russia.

PMID 22276107 · 2012

Mutation in gyrA gene leads to levofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.E88K

Protein Change: E88K
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1506

A systematic review of gyrase mutations associated with fluoroquinolone-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis and a proposed gyrase numbering system.

PMID 22279180 · 2012

Mutations in gyrA codons 90, 91, and 94 are commonly associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, A90G, A90E, S91P, D94G, D94A, D94N, D94H, D94Y, H70R, A74S, T80A, G88C, G88A, D89N, S91A, I92M, D94V, P102H, L109V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|moxifloxacinfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: biochemical studies
Source Database: ReslitResFinder Database

1507

High-resolution melting analysis for the rapid detection of fluoroquinolone and streptomycin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 22363772 · 2012

Mutations in gyrA were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: H70R, A74S, G88C, A90V, S91A, D94Y, D94H, D94A, D94G, A126R
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: HRM analysis and DNA sequencing; DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1508

Antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from India, Pakistan and Bhutan in 2007-2011.

PMID 23347339 · 2013

Mutations in the gyrA gene contribute to resistance to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S91F gyrA: p.D95G gyrA: p.D95N gyrA: p.D95A gyrA: p.D95Y

Protein Change: S91F, D95G, D95N, D95A, D95Y
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1509

Characterization of a stable, metronidazole-resistant Clostridium difficile clinical isolate.

PMID 23349739 · 2013

Missense mutation in gyrA gene associated with metronidazole resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A118S

Protein Change: A118S
Confers Resistance To: metronidazole
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1510

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila cellulitis following leech therapy.

PMID 23363826 · 2013

gyrA mutation responsible for ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.S91P / c.AGT->CCC gyrA: p.D94H / c.GAT->CAT gyrA: p.D94A / c.GAT->GCC gyrA: p.D94G / c.GAT->GGT gyrA: p.A90V / c.GCA->GTG

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Aeromonas hydrophila
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1511

Rapid diagnosis of drug resistance to fluoroquinolones, amikacin, capreomycin, kanamycin and ethambutol using genotype MTBDRsl assay: a meta-analysis.

PMID 23383320 · 2013

Mutations in gyrA gene confer resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94N, D94Y, S91P, D94H, D94A, D94G, A90V
Nucleotide Change: AGT->CCC, GAT->CAT, GAT->GCC, GAT->GGT, GCA->GTG
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: hybridization of amplified DNA fragments from Mycobacterium tuberculosis to specific probes
Source Database: Reslit

1512

Clinical isolates of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor Ogawa of 2009 from Kolkata, India: preponderance of SXT element and presence of Haitian ctxB variant.

PMID 23431378 · 2013

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1513

Cholera outbreaks in Nigeria are associated with multidrug resistant atypical El Tor and non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae.

PMID 23459673 · 2013

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1514

Antimicrobial resistance in invasive non-typhoid Salmonella from the Democratic Republic of the Congo: emergence of decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility and extended-spectrum beta lactamases.

PMID 23516651 · 2013

mutations in codon 87 of the gyrA gene

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87Y
Organisms: Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella 4,5
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequencing of quinolone resistance-determining regions
Source Database: Reslit

1515

Antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of human and piglet Clostridium difficile PCR-ribotype 078.

PMID 23566553 · 2013

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T82I
Organisms: Clostridium difficile
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: detection of mutation in isolates with MIC >=4 mg/L
Source Database: Reslit

1516

Isolation and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus strains from a Paso del Norte dairy.

PMID 23608491 · 2013

mutation in DNA gyrase gene leading to ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1517

Emergence and spread of extensively and totally drug-resistant tuberculosis, South Africa.

PMID 23622714 · 2013

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94N
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1518

Frequency and factors associated with carriage of multi-drug resistant commensal Escherichia coli among women attending antenatal clinics in central India.

PMID 23638834 · 2013

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N, S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1519

Fluoroquinolone and macrolide resistance-associated mutations in Mycoplasma genitalium.

PMID 23658265 · 2013

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.M83I

Protein Change: M83I
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR amplification and DNA sequence alignment
Source Database: Reslit

1520

Copy Number Change of the NDM-1 sequence in a multidrug-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolate.

PMID 23658651 · 2013

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1521

Inappropriateness of quinolone in scrub typhus treatment due to gyrA mutation in Orientia tsutsugamushi Boryong strain.

PMID 23678256 · 2013

The Ser83Leu mutation in the gyrA gene is associated with quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94H gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.G88C gyrA: p.H70R gyrA: p.S95T gyrA: p.A74S gyrA: p.T80A gyrA: p.G88A gyrA: p.A90E gyrA: p.A90G gyrA: p.S91A gyrA: p.D94V gyrA: p.P102H

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Orientia tsutsugamushi
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: sequencing of gyrA gene
Source Database: Reslit

1522

Detection of second-line drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis using oligonucleotide microarrays.

PMID 23705640 · 2013

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G, D94A, D94N, D94H, D94Y, A90V, S91P, G88C, H70R, S95T, A74S, T80A, G88A, A90E, A90G, S91A, D94V, P102H
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacinfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Hybridisation on microarray and sequencing
Source Database: ReslitResFinder Database

1523

Temporal changes in resistance mechanisms in colonizing Escherichia coli isolates with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.

PMID 23719087 · 2013

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D105N

Protein Change: S83L, D105N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1524

Contribution of different mechanisms to the resistance to fluoroquinolones in clinical isolates of Salmonella enterica.

PMID 23742803 · 2013

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1525

Campylobacter jejuni in hospitalized patients with diarrhea, Kolkata, India.

PMID 23763834 · 2013

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: quinolones|fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: disk diffusion method on Muller-Hinton agar with 5% sheep blood
Source Database: Reslit

1526

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Campylobacter spp. in retail chicken, western Canada.

PMID 23764141 · 2013

Mutations in gyrA may contribute to ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S86L
Organisms: Campylobacter spp.
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: molecular investigation
Source Database: Reslit

1527

Sublethal ciprofloxacin treatment leads to rapid development of high-level ciprofloxacin resistance during long-term experimental evolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 23774442 · 2013

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1528

Resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to antibiotics in Lao PDR: first multicentric study conducted in 3 hospitals.

PMID 23782980 · 2013

The A90V mutation in gyrA is associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1529

Presence of multi-drug resistant pathogenic Escherichia coli in the San Pedro River located in the State of Aguascalientes, Mexico.

PMID 23785356 · 2013

Mutations in the quinolone-resistance determining regions of gyrA and parC genes

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|pefloxacin
Validation Method: Sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1530

Emerging 8-Methoxyfluoroquinolone Resistance among Methicillin-Susceptible Staphylococcus epidermidis Isolates Recovered from Patients with Endophthalmitis.

PMID 23824766 · 2013

Second mutation in gyrA (Glu88Lys) associated with high-level resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84F
Organisms: Staphylococcus epidermidis
Confers Resistance To: gatifloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: Etest MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

1531

Complete genome analysis of three Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates in China for insight into the diversification of drug resistance elements.

PMID 23826102 · 2013

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genetic variation identified from genomes
Source Database: Reslit

1532

Nosocomial infection by sequence type 357 multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii isolates in a neonatal intensive care unit in Daejeon, Korea.

PMID 23826565 · 2013

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1533

Association of fluoroquinolone resistance, virulence genes, and IncF plasmids with extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli sequence type 131 (ST131) and ST405 clonal groups.

PMID 23856781 · 2013

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1534

DNA microarray for genotyping antibiotic resistance determinants in Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates.

PMID 23856783 · 2013

GyrA S83L mutation confers resistance to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1535

Antimicrobial resistance mechanisms among Campylobacter.

PMID 23865047 · 2013

The Thr86Ile mutation in gyrA is the most frequent mutation associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

1536

Genomic characterization of ciprofloxacin resistance in a laboratory-derived mutant and a clinical isolate of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 23877698 · 2013

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.E85K

Protein Change: E85K
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: mutation in DNA gyrase subunit A
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and functional analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1537

Clinically relevant mutant DNA gyrase alters supercoiling, changes the transcriptome, and confers multidrug resistance.

PMID 23882012 · 2013

The Asp87Gly mutation in gyrA leads to reduced susceptibility to multiple antibiotics.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1538

Bacterial resistance studies using in vitro dynamic models: the predictive power of the mutant prevention and minimum inhibitory antibiotic concentrations.

PMID 23896481 · 2013

Single nucleotide substitution in the quinolone-resistance determining region (QRDR) of gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1539

Novel pseudo-staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec element (ψSCCmec57395) in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus pseudintermedius CC45.

PMID 23979735 · 2013

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.S83A gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: fluoroquinolone resistance
Validation Method: genetic characterization
Source Database: Reslit

1540

Mechanisms of reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin in Escherichia coli isolates from Canadian hospitals.

PMID 23997786 · 2012

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, S83A, D87G, D87N, D87Y
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1541

Characterization of class 1 integrons and antibiotic resistance genes in multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica isolates from foodstuff and related sources.

PMID 24031680 · 2011

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T83I gyrA: p.T83R gyrA: p.T83F gyrA: p.T83L gyrA: p.T83Y gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87A gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.D87H

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|enrofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1542

Mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA and parC in Enterobacteriaceae isolates from Brazil.

PMID 24031957 · 2012

Multiple mutations in gyrA and parC genes are associated with high-level fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I, T83R, T83F, T83L, T83Y, D87N, D87A, D87G, D87Y, D87H
Organisms: Enterobacteriaceae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin|ofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1543

Acquired genetic mechanisms of a multiresistant bacterium isolated from a treatment plant receiving wastewater from antibiotic production.

PMID 24038701 · 2013

Mutations in quinolone target genes

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A83V gyrA: p.S84P gyrA: p.S206A gyrA: p.A865G

Protein Change: A83V, S84P, S206A, A865G
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1544

Genome analysis of a transmissible lineage of pseudomonas aeruginosa reveals pathoadaptive mutations and distinct evolutionary paths of hypermutators.

PMID 24039595 · 2013

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.E123K gyrA: p.E123V

Protein Change: E123K, E123V
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: mutation detected via genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1545

Primary multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in 2 regions, Eastern Siberia, Russian Federation.

PMID 24047678 · 2013

Fluoroquinolones, gyrA Not performed

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S95T gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.A90V

Protein Change: S95T, D94G, D94A, A90V
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1546

Systematic review of allelic exchange experiments aimed at identifying mutations that confer drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 24055765 · 2014

Mutations in gyrA confer resistance to fluoroquinolones

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94H gyrA: p.G88A gyrA: p.G88C gyrA: p.A74S gyrA: p.A90E gyrA: p.A90G gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94V gyrA: p.D94A

Protein Change: A90V, D94G, D94H, G88A, G88C, A74S, A90E, A90G, D94N, D94Y, D94V, D94A
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: IC50 measurement
Source Database: ReslitResFinder Database

1547

Programmatically selected multidrug-resistant strains drive the emergence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis in South Africa.

PMID 24058399 · 2013

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S95T gyrA: p.E21Q gyrA: p.G688D

Protein Change: A90V, D94G
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1548

Characterization of multi-drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis from immigrants residing in the USA using Ion Torrent full-gene sequencing.

PMID 24073633 · 2014

Case 1

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S95T, E21Q, G688D
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Ion Torrent sequencing and phenotypic DST
Source Database: Reslit

1549

Tracking the establishment of local endemic populations of an emergent enteric pathogen.

PMID 24082120 · 2013

mutations in DNA gyrase subunit A contribute to quinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A87Y

Protein Change: A87Y
Organisms: Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1550

Characterization and comparison of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) resistance genotypes and population structure of Escherichia coli isolated from Franklin's gulls (Leucophaeus pipixcan) and humans in Chile.

PMID 24098774 · 2013

Mutations in gyrA were found in avian ESBL isolates.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1551

Antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in the 21st century: past, evolution, and future.

PMID 24982323 · 2014

Results in resistance to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F, D95N, D95G
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesciprofloxacin
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

1552

Susceptibility to β-lactams and quinolones of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from urinary tract infections in outpatients.

PMID 26691475 · 2015

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.G145D gyrA: p.S118G gyrA: p.L644P gyrA: p.T872A

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1553

Comparative Genomics of Two ST 195 Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii with Different Susceptibility to Polymyxin Revealed Underlying Resistance Mechanism.

PMID 26779129 · 2015

Mutations in gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, G145D, S118G, L644P, T872A
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Genome analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1554

Molecular Analysis of Rising Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Belgian Non-Invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae Isolates (1995-2014).

PMID 27227336 · 2016

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S81F gyrA: p.E85K gyrA: p.S114G gyrA: p.S81L

Protein Change: S81F, E85K, S114G, S81L
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin|levofloxacinciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1555

Role of gyrB Mutations in Pre-extensively and Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Thai Clinical Isolates.

PMID 27297489 · 2016

Mutations in gyrA contribute to quinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94H gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94V gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.G88A gyrA: p.S91P

Protein Change: D94G, D94A, D94H, D94N, D94V, D94Y, A90V, G88A, S91P
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin|gatifloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1556

Molecular characterization and analysis of high-level multidrug-resistance of Shigella flexneri serotype 4s strains from China.

PMID 27374009 · 2016

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Shigella flexneri
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1557

Multi-Drug Resistance Mediated by Class 1 Integrons in Aeromonas Isolated from Farmed Freshwater Animals.

PMID 27379065 · 2016

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.D91N

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Aeromonas hydrophila, Aeromonas veronii, Aeromonas sobria, Aeromonas dhakensis, Aeromonas jandaei, Aeromonas trota, Aeromonas media
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid|ofloxacin|norfloxacin
Validation Method: PCR amplification and direct sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1558

Occurrence of Mutations in the Antimicrobial Target Genes Related to Levofloxacin, Clarithromycin, and Amoxicillin Resistance in Helicobacter pylori Isolates from Buenos Aires City.

PMID 27391421 · 2017

Mutations in gyrA were found in 92.8% of levofloxacin-resistant isolates.

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87K, D91G, D91N
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Validation Method: natural transformation
Source Database: ReslitReference Gene Catalog

1559

First Occurrence of OXA-72-Producing Acinetobacter baumannii in Serbia.

PMID 27431216 · 2016

Mutations in gyrA and parC have previously been shown to be responsible for resistance to fluoroquinolones in Acinetobacter species

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N57K gyrA: p.H80P

Protein Change: S81L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1560

Novel mutations in quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA, gyrB, parC and parE in Shigella flexneri clinical isolates from eastern Chinese populations between 2001 and 2011.

PMID 27620866 · 2016

Shigella flexneri gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003940

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N57K, H80P
Organisms: Shigella flexneri
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|norfloxacinfluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: ReslitCard Database

1561

Multidrug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Causing Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis: A Genetic-Based Chronicle of Evolving Antibiotic Resistance.

PMID 29057280 · 2016

Present in all isolates

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1562

Genome Sequence of Kocuria polaris Strain CD08_4, an Isolate from the Duodenal Mucosa of a Celiac Disease Patient.

PMID 29074657 · 2017

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87A gyrA: p.A88N gyrA: p.V65I gyrA: p.L45F gyrA: p.A55S gyrA: p.A97V gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.R130K gyrA: p.G60S

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Kocuria polaris
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1563

Resistance of Helicobacter pylori to furazolidone and levofloxacin: A viewpoint.

PMID 29085236 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87A, A88N, V65I, L45F, A55S, A97V, D91N, R130K, G60S
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

1564

Exploring the Genome and Phenotype of Multi-Drug Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae of Clinical Origin.

PMID 29109700 · 2017

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.F83Y

Protein Change: F83Y
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: Sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1565

Virulence and Antimicrobial Resistance in Campylobacter spp. from a Peruvian Pediatric Cohort.

PMID 29130018 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1566

Genomic characterization of a local epidemic Pseudomonas aeruginosa reveals specific features of the widespread clone ST395.

PMID 29177088 · 2017

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S91F gyrA: p.D95G gyrA: p.D95A gyrA: p.D95Y gyrA: p.D86N

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1567

Genomic epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in New Zealand.

PMID 29182725 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F, D95G, D95A, D95Y, D86N
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genotypic and phenotypic analysis; WGS and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1568

Quinolone-resistant clinical strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from University Hospital in Tunisia.

PMID 29201587 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1569

Exploring quinolone resistance-determining region in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from across India.

PMID 29205198 · 2017

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94N

Protein Change: S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: confers resistance
Validation Method: DNA sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1570

Rapid Microarray-Based Detection of Rifampin, Isoniazid, and Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Use of a Single Cartridge.

PMID 29212699 · 2018

Mutations in gyrA were analyzed for their association with resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G, D94Y, D94N
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: melting curve assay and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1571

Whole-genome sequencing reveals transmission of gonococcal antibiotic resistance among men who have sex with men: an observational study.

PMID 29247013 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F, D95G
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1572

Emergence of Resistance Mutations in Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Against Fluoroquinolones.

PMID 29255729 · 2017

Mutations in gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.A93G gyrA: p.A93E

Protein Change: S83F, D87N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1573

Analytical profiling of mutations in quinolone resistance determining region of gyrA gene among UPEC.

PMID 29300775 · 2018

Mutations in the QRDR of gyrA are strongly associated with quinolone resistance in UPEC.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N, A93G, A93E
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: norfloxacin|ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1574

Multi-clonal evolution of multi-drug-resistant/extensively drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a high-prevalence setting of Papua New Guinea for over three decades.

PMID 29310751 · 2018

Mutations promoted from gene entry 'gyrA' (model emitted mutations_found inside genes).

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94G

Protein Change: A90V, D94A, D94G
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1575

Comparative genomics identifies distinct lineages of S. Enteritidis from Queensland, Australia.

PMID 29338017 · 2018

associated with reduced susceptibility to quinolones

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T86I gyrA: p.A21G gyrA: p.T72C

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: point mutations found in isolates
Source Database: Reslit

1576

Subtype-Specific Selection for Resistance to Fluoroquinolones but Not to Tetracyclines Is Evident in Campylobacter jejuni Isolates from Beef Cattle in Confined Feeding Operations in Southern Alberta, Canada.

PMID 29352087 · 2018

Mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of the gyrA gene confer resistance to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I, A21G, T72C
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acidciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing; sequencing of gene
Source Database: Reslit

1577

Chromosomal mutations that accompany qnr in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli.

PMID 29360506 · 2018

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G105C gyrA: p.S107F

Protein Change: G105C, S107F
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1578

Point Mutations at gyrA and gyrB Genes of Levofloxacin-Resistant Helicobacter pylori Isolates in the Esophageal Mucosa from a Venezuelan Population.

PMID 29405113 · 2018

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87T

Protein Change: N87T
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1579

Molecular epidemiology of fluoroquinolone resistant Salmonella in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PMID 29432492 · 2018

Most common mutation in quinolone resistant Salmonella.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: meta-analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1580

Fitness Tradeoffs of Antibiotic Resistance in Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli.

PMID 29432584 · 2018

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94A

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic sequencing and resistance profiling
Source Database: Reslit

1581

Whole-Genome Analysis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Patients with Tuberculous Spondylitis, Russia.

PMID 29460750 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94N, D94Y, D94G, D94A
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1582

Resistome Analysis of a Carbapenemase (OXA-48)-Producing and Colistin-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain.

PMID 29483109 · 2018

Nonsynonymous mutations in the gyrA gene

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87A

Protein Change: S83F, D87A
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: likely responsible for the acquired resistance to fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Table 1
Source Database: Reslit

1583

Molecular characterization of mutations associated with resistance to second-line tuberculosis drug among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis patients from high prevalence tuberculosis city in Morocco.

PMID 29486710 · 2018

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T86I gyrA: p.S22G gyrA: p.A39S gyrA: p.R48K gyrA: p.E136D

Protein Change: A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1584

Prevalence of Genetic Determinants and Phenotypic Resistance to Ciprofloxacin in Campylobacter jejuni from Lithuania.

PMID 29491855 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I, S22G, A39S, R48K, E136D
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1585

The use of SWATH to analyse the dynamic changes of bacterial proteome of carbapanemase-producing Escherichia coli under antibiotic pressure.

PMID 29497067 · 2018

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.S95T gyrA: p.G668D gyrA: p.C254R gyrA: p.G247S gyrA: p.S741P gyrA: p.V384A gyrA: p.L252R gyrA: p.E21Q

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1586

Second-line anti-tuberculosis drug resistance testing in Ghana identifies the first extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis case.

PMID 29503573 · 2018

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G88C

Protein Change: G88C
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: line probe assay and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1587

Multi- and Extensively Drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis in South Africa: a Molecular Analysis of Historical Isolates.

PMID 29514936 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91P, S95T, G668D, C254R, G247S, S741P, V384A, L252R, E21Q
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1588

Overview of the development of quinolone resistance in Salmonella species in China, 2005-2016.

PMID 29520157 · 2018

mutations in QRDRs of gyrA are associated with reduced CIP susceptibility

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: S83F, D87N, D87Y
Organisms: Salmonella typhi, Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1589

Mutations in the gyrA, parC, and mexR genes provide functional insights into the fluoroquinolone-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in Vietnam.

PMID 29535543 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1590

Evolution of Sequence Type 4821 Clonal Complex Meningococcal Strains in China from Prequinolone to Quinolone Era, 1972-2013.

PMID 29553310 · 2018

The gyrA allele 71/R1 was found in all group 1 isolates, while the susceptible allele 12/S1 was found in most group 2 isolates.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S91F gyrA: p.D95A gyrA: p.D95G

Protein Change: T91I
Organisms: Neisseria meningitidis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing of isolates and identification of mutations
Source Database: Reslit

1591

Cephalosporin-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae Clone, China

PMID 29553336 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F, D95A, D95G
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: NG-STAR analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1592

Out of Asia: the independent rise and global spread of fluoroquinolone-resistant Shigella.

PMID 29595412 · 2018

mutations in QRDR region of gyrA and parC are primarily responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance in Shigella

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.H211Y

Protein Change: S83L, D87G, D87N, H211Y
Organisms: Shigella dysenteriae, Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

1593

Dominant serotype distribution and antimicrobial resistance profile of Shigella spp. in Xinjiang, China.

PMID 29614121 · 2018

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94H gyrA: p.G88C

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Shigella flexneri
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|norfloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1594

Interaction between rpsL and gyrA mutations affects the fitness and dual resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates against streptomycin and fluoroquinolones.

PMID 29628767 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G, A90V, D94A, S91P, D94Y, D94N, D94H, G88C
Organisms: Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: in vitro competitive fitness assay
Source Database: Reslit

1595

Two Distinct Patterns of Clostridium difficile Diversity Across Europe Indicating Contrasting Routes of Spread.

PMID 29659747 · 2018

Mutations in gyrA were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in ribotypes 027, 176, and 356.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G99D

Protein Change: G99D
Organisms: Clostridium difficile
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1596

High Prevalence of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase Producing Enterobacteriaceae Among Clinical Isolates From Cats and Dogs Admitted to a Veterinary Hospital in Switzerland.

PMID 29662886 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1597

Molecular epidemiology of Clostridium difficile in two tertiary care hospitals in Shandong Province, China.

PMID 29670381 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T82I
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of gyrA and gyrB gene sequences
Source Database: Reslit

1598

Single-nucleotide polymorphisms related to fluoroquinolone and aminoglycoside resistance in Mycobacterium avium isolates.

PMID 29674849 · 2018

mutations linked to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G2444D

Protein Change: G2444D
Organisms: Mycobacterium avium
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and correlation with resistance data
Source Database: Reslit

1599

Clostridium difficile Infections: A Global Overview of Drug Sensitivity and Resistance Mechanisms.

PMID 29682562 · 2018

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.S83Y

Protein Change: T82I
Organisms: Clostridium difficile
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: reported in cited literature
Source Database: Reslit

1600

Laboratory and molecular surveillance of paediatric typhoidal Salmonella in Nepal: Antimicrobial resistance and implications for vaccine policy.

PMID 29684021 · 2018

Mutations in the QRDR of gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87N, D87G, S83Y
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and SNP analysis; genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1601

Complete Genomic Analysis of a Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Isolate Cultured From Ready-to-Eat Pork in China Carrying One Large Plasmid Containing mcr-1.

PMID 29755416 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Effect on Function: mutations in gyrA (D87N) and a total of 24 missense mutations in the PmrAB and PhoPQ systems were found within the chromosome of S . Typhimurium WW012
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1602

Molecular Targets Related Drug Resistance Mechanisms in MDR-, XDR-, and TDR-Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains.

PMID 29755957 · 2018

Mutations in the QRDR of gyrA are primarily responsible for FQ resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91P
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: experimental validation
Source Database: Reslit

1603

Evolution of Antibiotic Resistance in Biofilm and Planktonic Pseudomonas aeruginosa Populations Exposed to Subinhibitory Levels of Ciprofloxacin.

PMID 29760140 · 2018

mutations in gyrA were exclusive to CIP-evolved planktonic populations

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1604

Public health surveillance of multidrug-resistant clones of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Europe: a genomic survey.

PMID 29776807 · 2018

associated with ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1605

Accuracy of whole genome sequencing versus phenotypic (MGIT) and commercial molecular tests for detection of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from patients in Brazil and Mozambique.

PMID 29779775 · 2018

Most common mutation related to fluoroquinolone resistance in all isolates

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A103S gyrA: p.N112H

Protein Change: A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1606

Genomic and Geographic Context for the Evolution of High-Risk Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacter cloacae Complex Clones ST171 and ST78.

PMID 29844109 · 2018

Mutations in gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A103S, N112H
Organisms: Enterobacter cloacae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1607

Ciprofloxacin binding to GyrA causes global changes in the proteome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 29846552 · 2018

The T83→I mutation in GyrA confers ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.S83R gyrA: p.S83T

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing confirming the mutation in the T83→I mutant (HGS4)
Source Database: Reslit

1608

Whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial resistance in Brucella melitensis from a Norwegian perspective.

PMID 29867163 · 2018

Mutation in gyrA was not associated with fluoroquinolone resistance as determined by phenotypic testing.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.L599V

Protein Change: L599V
Organisms: Brucella melitensis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1609

The Genomic Basis of Intrinsic and Acquired Antibiotic Resistance in the Genus Serratia.

PMID 29867787 · 2018

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I, S83R, S83T
Organisms: Serratia marcescens, Serratia symbiotica
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: experimental validation
Source Database: Reslit

1610

Bacteriological profile and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of urine culture isolates from patients in Ndjamena, Chad.

PMID 29881501 · 2017

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D99N gyrA: p.G93C gyrA: p.M95I

Protein Change: S83F
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: detection in quinolone-resistant isolates
Source Database: Reslit

1611

Mutations in ParC and GyrA of moxifloxacin-resistant and susceptible Mycoplasma genitalium strains.

PMID 29883482 · 2018

Mutations in GyrA contribute to moxifloxacin resistance.

Mycoplasma genitalium gyrA mutation confers resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3004631

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D99N, G93C, M95I
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasmoides genitalium
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacinfluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: ReslitCard Database

1612

Resistome of carbapenem- and colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates.

PMID 29883490 · 2018

mutations in gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83Y

Protein Change: S83I, S83F, S83Y
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PointFinder
Source Database: Reslit

1613

Genetic Determinants and Prediction of Antibiotic Resistance Phenotypes in Helicobacter pylori.

PMID 30621024 · 2019

not associated with levofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87T gyrA: p.N87I gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.N87Y gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.D91Y

Protein Change: N87T, N87I, N87K, N87Y, D91N, D91Y
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: WGS and phenotypic DST
Source Database: Reslit

1614

Pathogenic potential and the role of clones and plasmids in beta-lactamase-producing E. coli from chicken faeces in Vietnam.

PMID 30947723 · 2019

Mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA and parC genes.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1615

Acquisition of fluoroquinolone resistance leads to increased biofilm formation and pathogenicity in Campylobacter jejuni.

PMID 31796849 · 2019

Additional mutations in gyrA (Asp90Asn) and gyrB (Leu458Lys) were observed in some ciprofloxacin-resistant strains.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.S83L

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: relaxation of DNA supercoiling
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and in vitro supercoiling assay
Source Database: Reslit

1616

Phylogenetic Analysis Indicates a Longer Term Presence of the Globally Distributed H58 Haplotype of Salmonella Typhi in Southern India.

PMID 32003431 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83Y, S83F, D87N, D87Y, S83L
Organisms: Salmonella Typhi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1617

Phylogenomic assessment of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from Beira, Mozambique.

PMID 32063558 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1618

Prophage-Mediated Disruption of Genetic Competence in Staphylococcus pseudintermedius.

PMID 32071159 · 2020

Mutations in GyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94A

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus pseudintermedius
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic susceptibility testing; mutation analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1619

Metabolic Changes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during the Anti-Tuberculosis Therapy.

PMID 32085490 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94A

Protein Change: D94A
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and drug-susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1620

Multidrug- and Extensively Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Beijing Clades, Ukraine, 2015.

PMID 32091369 · 2020

Mutations promoted from gene entry 'gyrA' (model emitted mutations_found inside genes).

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, S91P, D94G, D94N, D94Y, D94A
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: genotypic resistance prediction
Source Database: Reslit

1621

Broad-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Klebsiella spp. Isolated from Diseased Horses in Austria.

PMID 32093201 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1622

HIV Drugs Inhibit Transfer of Plasmids Carrying Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase and Carbapenemase Genes.

PMID 32098822 · 2020

Mutation in gyrA confers resistance to nalidixic acid.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.S83R

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1623

Molecular Characteristics and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Elizabethkingia Clinical Isolates in Shanghai, China.

PMID 32099417 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I, S83R
Organisms: Elizabethkingia anophelis, Elizabethkingia meningoseptica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR amplification and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1624

Mutations in the Antibiotic Target Genes Related to Clarithromycin, Metronidazole and Levofloxacin Resistance in Helicobacter pylori Strains from Children in China.

PMID 32099422 · 2020

Mutations in gyrA are associated with levofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D91Y gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.N87K

Protein Change: D91Y, D91N, N87K
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR-based sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1625

Genomic characterization of the non-O1/non-O139 Vibrio cholerae strain that caused a gastroenteritis outbreak in Santiago, Chile, 2018.

PMID 32100707 · 2020

Mutations S83I and A171S in GyrA confer resistance to nalidixic acid.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: identification of mutations in the GyrA protein
Source Database: Reslit

1626

Population structure and antimicrobial resistance patterns of Salmonella Typhi isolates in urban Dhaka, Bangladesh from 2004 to 2016.

PMID 32106221 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, S83Y, D87G, D87N, D87Y
Organisms: Salmonella Typhi
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1627

sraX: A Novel Comprehensive Resistome Analysis Tool.

PMID 32117104 · 2020

The gyrA S84F mutation was associated with ciprofloxacin resistance in E. faecalis.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.T83I gyrA: p.S87L / c.TCA -> CTG gyrA: p.S83L / c.TCA -> TTG gyrA: p.S80F / c.TCT -> TTC gyrA: p.F410Y / c.TTT -> TAC

Protein Change: S84F
Organisms: Enterococcus faecalis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: SNP analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1628

Machine learning with random subspace ensembles identifies antimicrobial resistance determinants from pan-genomes of three pathogens.

PMID 32119670 · 2020

Mutations in gyrA and parC are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in various bacterial species.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N, T83I, S87L, S83L, S80F, F410Y
Nucleotide Change: TCA -> CTG, TCA -> TTG, TCT -> TTC, TTT -> TAC
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: Analysis of mutations in gyrA alleles associated with fluoroquinolone resistance and susceptibility.; Analysis of mutations in parC alleles associated with fluoroquinolone resistance and susceptibility.
Source Database: Reslit

1629

A Survey of Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in Category A Select Agents, Exempt Strains, and Near-Neighbor Species.

PMID 32121349 · 2020

Mutations in QRDR of gyrA leading to ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S85F

Protein Change: S85F
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: HRMA and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1630

Importation of Extensively Drug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhi Cases in Ontario, Canada.

PMID 32122900 · 2020

Mutation in gyrA leads to reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1631

Performance of Genotype MTBDRsl V2.0 over the Genotype MTBDRsl V1 for detection of second line drug resistance: An Indian perspective.

PMID 32130233 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: line probe assay
Source Database: Reslit

1632

Molecular characterization of quinolone resistant Shigella spp. isolates from patients in Ardabil, Iran.

PMID 32148681 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Shigella sonnei, Shigella boydii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1633

Lineage, Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence of Citrobacter spp.

PMID 32155802 · 2020

Mutations in QRDR of gyrA gene contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T59I

Protein Change: T59I
Organisms: Citrobacter freundii, Citrobacter braakii, Citrobacter youngae
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1634

Global Evolution of Pathogenic Bacteria With Extensive Use of Fluoroquinolone Agents.

PMID 32158437 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T82I
Organisms: Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: experimental validation through introduction of mutation into non-major clone strain
Source Database: Reslit

1635

Emergence of CTX-M-27-producing Escherichia coli of ST131 and clade C1-M27 in an impacted ecosystem with international maritime traffic in South America.

PMID 32167559 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T82V gyrA: p.T82I

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1636

High prevalence of Clostridiodes diffiicle PCR ribotypes 001 and 126 in Iran.

PMID 32170182 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T82V, T82I
Organisms: Clostridium difficile
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1637

Second-line Drug Resistance Characterization in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Genotype MTBDRsl Assay.

PMID 32175709 · 2020

gyrA MUT3C

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1638

Origin, genomic diversity and microevolution of the Clostridium difficile B1/NAP1/RT027/ST01 strain in Costa Rica, Chile, Honduras and Mexico.

PMID 32176604 · 2020

associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87A gyrA: p.D87G

Protein Change: T82I
Organisms: Clostridium difficile
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: bioinformatics analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1639

Isolation of Drug-Resistant Gallibacterium anatis from Calves with Unresponsive Bronchopneumonia, Belgium.

PMID 32186507 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83Y, S83F, D87A, D87G
Organisms: Gallibacterium anatis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1640

Phylogenetic Grouping of Human Ocular Escherichia coli Based on Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis.

PMID 32192112 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: ResFinder 3.2
Source Database: Reslit

1641

Plasmid-Mediated Colistin Resistance (mcr-1) in Escherichia coli from Non-Imported Fresh Vegetables for Human Consumption in Portugal.

PMID 32197505 · 2020

chromosomal point mutation

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.Q431E gyrA: p.L711M

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1642

Artificial Intelligence and Machine learning based prediction of resistant and susceptible mutations in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 32218465 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: Q431E, L711M
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: machine learning prediction
Source Database: Reslit

1643

Genomic Epidemiology of Vancomycin-Resistant Enterococcus faecium (VREfm) in Latin America: Revisiting The Global VRE Population Structure.

PMID 32221315 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84R

Protein Change: S84R
Organisms: Enterococcus faecium
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1644

Evolutionary analysis of gyrA gene from Neisseria meningitidis bacterial strains of clonal complex 4821 collected in China between 1978 and 2016.

PMID 32228482 · 2020

Only one position, 91 (83 in E.coli gyrA gene), was linked to CIP resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.I91L

Protein Change: I91L
Organisms: Neisseria meningitidis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: analysis of amino acid mutations within GyrA protein
Source Database: Reslit

1645

Antimicrobial Resistance in Clinical Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis and Structural Mechanisms Underlying Quinolone Resistance.

PMID 32229497 · 2020

mutations in GyrA are associated with quinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S153L gyrA: p.S153A gyrA: p.Q104K gyrA: p.Q100L

Protein Change: S153L, S153A, Q104K, Q100L
Organisms: Ureaplasma spp., Mycoplasma hominis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1646

Molecular epidemiology of Salmonella Infantis in Europe: insights into the success of the bacterial host and its parasitic pESI-like megaplasmid.

PMID 32271142 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.S83F

Protein Change: D87G, D87Y, S83Y, S83F
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acidfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis; sequencing and phenotypic resistance testing
Source Database: Reslit

1647

Exploring the success of Brazilian endemic clone Pseudomonas aeruginosa ST277 and its association with the CRISPR-Cas system type I-C.

PMID 32293244 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T83I gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87N

Protein Change: T83I, D87N
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1648

Antimicrobial resistance and novel mutations detected in the gyrA and parC genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains isolated from companion dogs.

PMID 32293442 · 2020

Mutations in gyrA were significantly more common in strains from the infected group than in those from the healthy group

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I, D87G, D87N
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin|marbofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1649

Epidemiological Study on Prevalence, Serovar Diversity, Multidrug Resistance, and CTX-M-Type Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamases of Salmonella spp. from Patients with Diarrhea, Food of Animal Origin, and Pets in Several Provinces of China.

PMID 32312775 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.S83F

Protein Change: D87Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Effect on Function: mutations in GyrA (S83Y, S83F, D87G, D87N, and D87Y) and ParC (S80I)
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1650

Systematic Evaluation of Whole Genome Sequence-Based Predictions of Salmonella Serotype and Antimicrobial Resistance.

PMID 32318038 · 2020

Non-synonymous mutation at amino acid 83 in gyrA correlates with quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PointFinder program
Source Database: Reslit

1651

Molecular Characterization and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of C. jejuni Isolates from Italian Wild Bird Populations.

PMID 32326051 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D89N gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94G

Protein Change: T86I, T86V
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: detected in 25% of isolates; detected in 8.3% of isolates
Source Database: Reslit

1652

Resistance-Conferring Mutations on Whole-Genome Sequencing of Fluoroquinolone-resistant and -Susceptible Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates: A Proposed Threshold for Identifying Resistance.

PMID 32348473 · 2021

Mutations in gyrA and gyrB are the most frequent mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D89N, A90V, S91P, D94N, D94Y, D94A, D94G
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic resistance testing
Source Database: Reslit

1653

Discovery of seven novel mutations of gyrB, parC and parE in Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi strains from Jiangsu Province of China.

PMID 32355184 · 2020

Mutations in gyrA contribute to quinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83Y

Protein Change: S83F, S83Y
Organisms: Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Paratyphi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1654

Dynamics of within-host Mycobacterium tuberculosis diversity and heteroresistance during treatment.

PMID 32361247 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S95T gyrA: p.S91P

Protein Change: D94N
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1655

Genome sequence analysis of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Malaysia.

PMID 32371951 · 2020

associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S95T, S91P
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: screening against curated collections of drug resistance genes in CARD
Source Database: Reslit

1656

Toxin profiles and antimicrobial resistance patterns among toxigenic clinical isolates of Clostridioides (Clostridium) difficile.

PMID 32373304 · 2019

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T82I
Organisms: Clostridioides (Clostridium)
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1657

Detection of drug resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis by high-throughput sequencing of DNA isolated from acid fast bacilli smears.

PMID 32384098 · 2020

Mutation in gyrA is associated with fluoroquinolone, moxifloxacin, and ofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y

Protein Change: D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones|moxifloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: high-throughput sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1658

Fluoroquinolone resistance and mutational profile of gyrA in pulmonary MDR tuberculosis patients.

PMID 32393213 · 2020

Mutations in gyrA are associated with high-level resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, S91P, D94G, D94A, D94N, D94Y
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: alter the protein at codons 90, replacing alanine with valine; alter the protein at codons 91, where serine was replaced with proline; alter the protein at codons 94, replacing aspartic acid with glycine; alter the protein at codons 94, replacing aspartic acid with alanine; alter the protein at codons 94, replacing aspartic acid with asparagine and tyrosine
Validation Method: sequencing and molecular detection
Source Database: Reslit

1659

ODELAM, rapid sequence-independent detection of drug resistance in isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 32401195 · 2020

The D94G mutation in gyrA is responsible for ofloxacin resistance in TRS10 and ADB42.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1660

Repetitive cellulitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae isolates with different genotypic and phenotypic features in a patient having upper extremity with lymphedema after mastectomy and axillary lymph node dissection.

PMID 32420032 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87N / c.G260A

Protein Change: S81L
Organisms: Streptococcus agalactiae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1661

Predictable properties of fitness landscapes induced by adaptational tradeoffs.

PMID 32423531 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Nucleotide Change: G260A
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: measured MIC values and dose-response curves; dose-response curves and growth experiments
Source Database: Reslit

1662

Genomic profiling of antimicrobial resistance genes in clinical isolates of Salmonella Typhi from patients infected with Typhoid fever in India.

PMID 32427945 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.D87G

Protein Change: S83Y, S83F, D87N, D87Y, D87G
Organisms: Salmonella Typhi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|pefloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1663

Antimicrobial Resistance in Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi B Variant Java in Poultry from Europe and Latin America.

PMID 32441616 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.S83F

Protein Change: D87G, D87Y, S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1664

Persistent Asymptomatic Human Infections by Salmonella enterica Serovar Newport in China.

PMID 32461269 · 2020

Found in four strains isolated from diarrheic patients.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1665

Genotype analysis of ofloxacin-resistant multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in a multicentered study from India.

PMID 32461400 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1666

Discovery of a Novel Mutation in DNA Gyrase and Changes in the Fluoroquinolone Resistance of Helicobacter pylori over a 14-Year Period: A Single Center Study in Korea.

PMID 32471292 · 2020

The Gly85Cys mutation was confirmed to be associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Helicobacter pylori gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3007052

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G85C

Protein Change: G85C
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacinfluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Validation Method: natural transformation and DNA sequencing
Source Database: ReslitCard Database

1667

Development and selection of low-level multi-drug resistance over an extended range of sub-inhibitory ciprofloxacin concentrations in Escherichia coli.

PMID 32471975 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.I534S

Protein Change: I534S
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1668

The Genome Structure of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Mycoplasma Hominis Clinical Isolates.

PMID 32477599 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G88D gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.S90L gyrA: c.G88C

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Mycoplasma hominis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: analysis of QRDR region in the genes encoding topoisomerases
Source Database: Reslit

1669

Fitness Cost and Compensatory Evolution in Levofloxacin-Resistant Mycobacterium aurum.

PMID 32482677 · 2020

mutations in quinolone-resistance-determining region of gyrA gene

Mutation Information

Protein Change: G88D, D94N, D94G, D94Y, S90L
Nucleotide Change: G88C
Organisms: Mycobacterium aurum
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and growth rate measurement
Source Database: Reslit

1670

Genotypic and phenotypic characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance against fluoroquinolones in the northeast of Iran.

PMID 32487030 · 2020

Mutation at codon 90 (Ala→Val) was found in some isolates.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1671

Whole Genome and Transcriptome Sequencing of Two Multi-Drug Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains to Facilitate Illustrating Their Virulence in vivo.

PMID 32500039 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94Y
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome re-sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1672

Comparative Genome Analyses of Wild Type- and Quinolone Resistant Escherichia coli Indicate Dissemination of QREC in the Norwegian Broiler Breeding Pyramid.

PMID 32508776 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1673

Characterizing Antimicrobial Resistant Escherichia coli and Associated Risk Factors in a Cross-Sectional Study of Pig Farms in Great Britain.

PMID 32523560 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.A92T gyrA: p.R130K gyrA: p.A129T gyrA: p.N87I gyrA: p.N87T gyrA: p.D91Y gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.D91H

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1674

Emergence of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis of the Beijing lineage in Portugal and Guinea-Bissau: a snapshot of moving clones by whole-genome sequencing.

PMID 32538300 · 2020

Present in GC1 isolates.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G668D

Protein Change: G668D
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1675

Next-Generation Sequencing of the Whole Bacterial Genome for Tracking Molecular Insight into the Broad-Spectrum Antimicrobial Resistance of Helicobacter pylori Clinical Isolates from the Democratic Republic of Congo.

PMID 32545318 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87K, D91N, A92T, R130K, A129T, N87I, N87T, D91Y, D91G, D91H
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing; whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1676

Detection of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant, β-Lactamase-Producing Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup Y Isolates - United States, 2019-2020.

PMID 32555137 · 2020

associated with ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1677

Characterization of Extremely Drug-Resistant and Hypervirulent Acinetobacter baumannii AB030.

PMID 32560407 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Fluoroquinolone resistance in bacteria is a result of target mutations, such as those in GyrA and ParC [29], in addition to efflux. AB030 contains multiple mutations in both GyrA and ParC: GyrA (81 S→L) and ParC (84 S→L, 467 S→G) (Figure 4).
Source Database: Reslit

1678

Title of the Paper

PMID 32571917 · 2023

recessive mutation

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1679

Microevolution of Campylobacter jejuni during long-term infection in an immunocompromised host.

PMID 32572150 · 2020

Mutations in gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1680

The association of a reduced susceptibility to moxifloxacin in causative Clostridium (Clostridioides) difficile strain with the clinical outcome of patients.

PMID 32605598 · 2020

Thr82Ile in the GyrA was the most prevalent mutation associated with reduced susceptibility to moxifloxacin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T82I
Organisms: Clostridium difficile
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1681

The Antimicrobial Activity of Ciprofloxacin-Loaded Niosomes against Ciprofloxacin-Resistant and Biofilm-Forming Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID 32606813 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1682

Molecular characteristics of fluoroquinolone-resistant avian pathogenic Escherichia coli isolated from broiler chickens.

PMID 32616259 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1683

Case Report: Dynamics of Acquired Fluoroquinolone Resistance under Standardized Short-Course Treatment of Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis.

PMID 32618257 · 2020

gyrA D94G mutation detected in month 9 sample and culture isolate

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: deep sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1684

Whole Genome Sequencing and Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) Bacterial Strains Isolated From a Norwegian University Campus Pond.

PMID 32625184 · 2020

found in E. coli strains

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T86I gyrA: p.S87L / c.G261T

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1685

The European Union summary report on antimicrobial resistance in zoonotic and indicator bacteria from humans, animals and food in 2016.

PMID 32625816 · 2018

Point mutation in gyrA gene responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I, S87L
Nucleotide Change: G261T
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: mutational analysis and MIC testing; detection in isolates with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones; experimental
Source Database: Reslit

1686

High-resolution characterisation of ESBL/pAmpC-producing Escherichia coli isolated from the broiler production pyramid.

PMID 32636426 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1687

Mycoplasma bovis in Spanish Cattle Herds: Two Groups of Multiresistant Isolates Predominate, with One Remaining Susceptible to Fluoroquinolones.

PMID 32645913 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Mycoplasma bovis
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin|marbofloxacin|danofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1688

Antibiotic Resistance Patterns of Pseudomonas spp. Isolated From Raw Milk Revealed by Whole Genome Sequencing.

PMID 32655503 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Pseudomonas spp.
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1689

Comparative Genomics of Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Strains From Brazil Reveals Polyclonal Dissemination and Selective Exchange of Mobile Genetic Elements Associated With Resistance Genes.

PMID 32655514 · 2020

associated with high-level ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S1054F gyrA: p.S1054Y

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1690

Strong Environment-Genotype Interactions Determine the Fitness Costs of Antibiotic Resistance In Vitro and in an Insect Model of Infection.

PMID 32661001 · 2020

Mutant ID: 10a

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S1054F, S1054Y
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1691

Delafloxacin: A Review in Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections.

PMID 32666425 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S90V gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94A

Protein Change: S84L
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: clinical trial data
Source Database: Reslit

1692

Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Characterization of Resistance Mechanisms of Corynebacterium urealyticum Clinical Isolates.

PMID 32668585 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S90V, D94Y, D94A
Organisms: Corynebacterium urealyticum
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1693

Phylogenetic Characterization Reveals Prevalent Shigella flexneri ST100 Clone in Beijing, China, 2005 to 2018.

PMID 32669464 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.H211Y

Protein Change: H211Y
Organisms: Shigella flexneri
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1694

Evaluation of multiplex ARMS-PCR for detection of Helicobacter pylori mutations conferring resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin.

PMID 32670416 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D92G

Protein Change: D92G
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1695

Validation of the T86I mutation in the gyrA gene as a highly reliable real time PCR target to detect Fluoroquinolone-resistant Campylobacter jejuni.

PMID 32677920 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.M95I gyrA: p.A79S gyrA: p.D99N

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: confers high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: real-time PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1696

Doxycycline and Sitafloxacin Combination Therapy for Treating Highly Resistant Mycoplasma genitalium.

PMID 32687029 · 2020

Single nucleotide polymorphisms in gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: M95I, A79S, D99N
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: sitafloxacin|moxifloxacinmoxifloxacin
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1697

Multidrug-Resistant Streptococcus agalactiae Strains Found in Human and Fish with High Penicillin and Cefotaxime Non-Susceptibilities.

PMID 32708529 · 2020

Unique mutation not previously reported

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.I486V

Protein Change: I486V
Organisms: Streptococcus agalactiae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and sequence alignment
Source Database: Reslit

1698

High Antibiotic Resistance of Helicobacter pylori and Its Associated Novel Gene Mutations among the Mongolian Population.

PMID 32708761 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.D91Y gyrA: p.A88P

Protein Change: N87K, D91G, D91N, D91Y, A88P
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1699

Phenotypic and Genotypic Properties of Vibrio cholerae non-O1, non-O139 Isolates Recovered from Domestic Ducks in Germany.

PMID 32717968 · 2020

Mutation in gyrA gene leads to resistance to nalidixic acid

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.D87H gyrA: p.D87G

Protein Change: D87G
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: bioinformatics analysis using ResFinder
Source Database: Reslit

1700

The prevalence and mechanism of fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from swine farms in China.

PMID 32723358 · 2020

Mutations in the QRDR region

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N, D87Y, D87H, D87G
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: deleterious
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1701

Molecular characterization of Campylobacter spp. recovered from beef, chicken, lamb and pork products at retail in Australia.

PMID 32730330 · 2020

Present in isolates from all sources except beef.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.T83I

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: confers resistance to fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1702

High relatedness of invasive multi-drug resistant non-typhoidal Salmonella genotypes among patients and asymptomatic carriers in endemic informal settlements in Kenya.

PMID 32745137 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87Y, T83I
Organisms: Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1703

Phenotype and Molecular Detection of Clarithromycin and Levofloxacin Resistance in Helicobacter pylori Clinical Isolates in Beijing.

PMID 32753910 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.D91Y

Protein Change: N87K, D91Y
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1704

Occurrence and Antimicrobial Resistance Traits of Escherichia coli from Wild Birds and Rodents in Singapore.

PMID 32756497 · 2020

Detected in isolate C1722

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T83I gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.S466F gyrA: p.S457C

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1705

Development of in vitro resistance to fluoroquinolones in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 32758289 · 2020

mutations in gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance in P. aeruginosa

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I, D87N, D87G, S466F, S457C
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1706

Profiles of gyrA Mutations and Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes in Shigella Isolates with Different Levels of Fluoroquinolone Susceptibility.

PMID 32765004 · 2020

Present in ciprofloxacin-intermediate and ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Organisms: Shigella flexneri, Shigella sonnei, Shigella boydii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1707

Emergence of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Subspecies enterica Serovar Infantis of Multilocus Sequence Type 2283 in German Broiler Farms.

PMID 32765483 · 2020

Mutation in gyrA leads to resistance against fluoroquinolones

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1708

Using next-generation sequencing to analyze Helicobacter pylori clones with different levofloxacin resistances from a patient with eradication failure.

PMID 32769862 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: N87K, D91N
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1709

Complete Genome Assembly of a Multidrug-Resistant New Delhi Metallo-β-Lactamase 1 (NDM-1)-Producing Escherichia coli Human Isolate from a New Zealand Hospital.

PMID 32816984 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: in silico analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1710

Drug Resistance Determinants in Clinical Isolates of Enterococcus faecalis in Bangladesh: Identification of Oxazolidinone Resistance Gene optrA in ST59 and ST902 Lineages.

PMID 32824090 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84I

Protein Change: S84I
Organisms: Enterococcus faecalis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1711

Campylobacter jejuni from Canine and Bovine Cases of Campylobacteriosis Express High Antimicrobial Resistance Rates against (Fluoro)quinolones and Tetracyclines.

PMID 32842457 · 2020

associated with (fluoro)quinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Source Database: Reslit

1712

Frequency of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Salmonella From Brazil by in silico Whole-Genome Sequencing Analysis: An Overview of the Last Four Decades.

PMID 32849452 · 2020

Mutations in gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Source Database: Reslit

1713

Horizontal Gene Transfer of Fluoroquinolone Resistance-Conferring Genes From Commensal Neisseria to Neisseria gonorrhoeae: A Global Phylogenetic Analysis of 20,047 Isolates.

PMID 35369513 · 2022

Substitution S91F in gyrA was associated with high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T83I gyrA: p.D87G

Protein Change: S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria lactamica, Neisseria cinerea, Neisseria elongata, Neisseria polysaccharea, Neisseria bergeri, Neisseria oralis, Neisseria mucosa, Neisseria subflava, Neisseria bacilliformis, Neisseria zoodegmatis, Neisseria macacae, Neisseria meningitidis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1714

Mutational background influences P. aeruginosa ciprofloxacin resistance evolution but preserves collateral sensitivity robustness.

PMID 35385351 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I, D87G
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: tobramycin|aztreonam
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and susceptibility testing; susceptibility testing of the native strain
Source Database: Reslit

1715

Rapid Identification of Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis Genes Using Direct PCR Amplification and Oxford Nanopore Technology Sequencing.

PMID 35386470 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G21R gyrA: p.G95R

Protein Change: G21R, G95R
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Nanopore sequencing and Sanger sequencing comparison
Source Database: Reslit

1716

Emergence of Resistant Escherichia coli Mutants in Microfluidic On-Chip Antibiotic Gradients.

PMID 35391738 · 2022

Mutations in gyrA, leading to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: D87G, D87Y
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1717

Allele-specific collateral and fitness effects determine the dynamics of fluoroquinolone resistance evolution.

PMID 35476512 · 2022

Mutations in gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance in S. pneumoniae.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S81F gyrA: p.S81Y gyrA: p.E85G gyrA: p.E85K gyrA: p.S79F / c.GCT->TTT

Protein Change: S81F, S81Y, E85G, E85K, S79F
Nucleotide Change: GCT->TTT
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesciprofloxacin
Validation Method: experimental validation through MIC testing; MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1718

Design and Evaluation of Novel Fluoroquinolone Analogues Against Resistant E. coli

PMID 35540291 · 2023

Mutations in GyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance in E. coli.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: homology modeling and molecular docking
Source Database: Reslit

1719

Characterisation of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutations and transmission in Pakistan.

PMID 35545649 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G83F gyrA: p.G87N gyrA: c.GTT->ATA gyrA: c.T261G

Protein Change: D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genotypic prediction
Source Database: Reslit

1720

Genomic epidemiology and temperature dependency of hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae in Japan.

PMID 35622495 · 2022

Mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in isolates MS5538 and MS5544.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: G83F, G87N
Nucleotide Change: GTT->ATA, T261G
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1721

Extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Neisseria gonorrhoeae causing possible gonorrhoea treatment failure with ceftriaxone plus azithromycin in Austria, April 2022.

PMID 35713023 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83Y

Protein Change: S91F
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic sequencing and molecular investigation
Source Database: Reslit

1722

Whole genome sequencing analyses revealed that Salmonella enterica serovar Dublin strains from Brazil belonged to two predominant clades.

PMID 35732677 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N, D87G, S83F, S83Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: genotypic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1723

mcr-1-Mediated Colistin Resistance and Genomic Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance in ESBL-Producing Salmonella Infantis Strains from a Broiler Meat Production Chain in Italy.

PMID 35740135 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87G
Organisms: Salmonella Infantis
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1724

Genomic Analysis of Two MDR Isolates of Salmonella enterica Serovar Infantis from a Spanish Hospital Bearing the bla(CTX-M-65) Gene with or without fosA3 in pESI-like Plasmids.

PMID 35740192 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1725

Antimicrobial susceptibility and genomic profiling of Salmonella enterica from bloodstream infections at a tertiary referral hospital in Lusaka, Zambia, 2018-2019.

PMID 35755477 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83Y

Protein Change: S83Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica, Salmonella Typhi, Salmonella Typhimurium
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Effect on Function: reduced susceptibility
Validation Method: Genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1726

Detection of Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms in Third-Generation Cephalosporin and Ciprofloxacin Resistant Salmonella Isolates from Livestock Meat and Human Diarrhea Patients

PMID 35756010 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, S83Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: mutations in gyrA confer resistance to ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1727

Spread of Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae Clinical Isolates Producing NDM-Type Metallo-β-Lactamase in Myanmar.

PMID 35762817 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87A gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.S83I

Protein Change: S83F, D87A, D87N, S83L, D87Y, S83Y, D87G, S83I
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1728

Antibiotic resistance and associated resistance determinants in different Salmonella enterica serovars isolated from pigs in Argentina.

PMID 35765497 · 2022

Other mutations observed: Ser83Phe, Asp87Gly, and a double mutation Ser83Tyr+Asp72Glu.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.D91N

Protein Change: S83Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1729

Recent trends in the antibiotic resistance of Helicobacter pylori in patient with dyspepsia.

PMID 35777028 · 2022

most common mutation

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D91G, D91N
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: genotyping using GenoType Helico DR test
Source Database: Reslit

1730

Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats Genotyping of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Heidelberg Strains Isolated From the Poultry Production Chain Across Brazil.

PMID 35783410 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87G

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing; detection in all strains
Source Database: Reslit

1731

Genomic and Evolutionary Analysis of Salmonella enterica Serovar Kentucky Sequence Type 198 Isolated From Livestock In East Africa.

PMID 35795189 · 2022

Mutations in gyrA and parC confer resistance to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87G
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1732

Gold nanocluster adjuvant enables the eradication of persister cells by antibiotics and abolishes the emergence of resistance.

PMID 35796201 · 2022

Mutation in gyrA was identified as the resistance mechanism in PA01 after exposure to sub-MIC of OFL.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: MIC testing with efflux pump inhibitor
Source Database: Reslit

1733

Outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus sequence type 1, spa type t1784, in an equine hospital in Japan.

PMID 35800153 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.S83Y

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1734

Prevalence and whole-genome sequencing analysis of Salmonella reveal its spread along the duck production chain.

PMID 35839552 · 2022

Mutations in gyrA contribute to nalidixic acid resistance in Salmonella typhimurium.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87G, S83Y
Organisms: Salmonella typhimurium
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1735

Dynamics of Antimicrobial Resistance and Genomic Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella enterica Serovar Indiana ST17 from 2006 to 2017 in China.

PMID 35861536 · 2022

Mutations in gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87N, D87G
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1736

Draft Genome Sequences of Two Commensal Enterococcus faecalis Strains Isolated from American Black Vultures (Coragyps atratus) in Brazil.

PMID 35862905 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.E88G

Protein Change: E88G
Organisms: Enterococcus faecalis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1737

Molecular Cut-off Values for Aliarcobacter butzleri Susceptibility Testing.

PMID 35862990 · 2022

mutation in GyrA responsible for ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T85I

Protein Change: T85I
Organisms: Aliarcobacter butzleri
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: NGS and PCR screening
Source Database: Reslit

1738

Investigation of Antimicrobial Susceptibilities and Resistance Genes of Campylobacter Isolates from Patients in Edirne, Turkey.

PMID 35865057 · 2022

Mutation detected in all ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: confers high-level resistance to quinolones
Validation Method: MAMA-PCR
Source Database: Reslit

1739

The First Saudi Report of Novel and Common Mutations in the gyrA and parC Genes Among Pseudomonas Spp. Clinical Isolates Recovered from Taif Area.

PMID 35875614 · 2022

Common mutation in gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|ofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1740

Virulence Profiling, Multidrug Resistance and Molecular Mechanisms of Campylobacter Strains from Chicken Carcasses in Tunisia.

PMID 35884085 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1741

Enterococcus Virulence and Resistant Traits Associated with Its Permanence in the Hospital Environment.

PMID 35884110 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.S83A

Protein Change: S83L
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: experimental validation
Source Database: Reslit

1742

Genome Analysis of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli Isolated from Pigs.

PMID 35890020 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N, S83A
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1743

Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID 35897667 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84L gyrA: p.S85P gyrA: p.E86K gyrA: p.E88V gyrA: p.G106D

Protein Change: S84L, S85P, E86K, E88V, G106D
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1744

Investigating resistance in clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates with genomic and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing: a multicentre observational study.

PMID 35907429 · 2022

Mutation associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: genomic resistance prediction based on mutation catalogue
Source Database: Reslit

1745

Genetic Diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates From an Amerindian Population in Chiapas, México.

PMID 35909960 · 2022

Mutations in gyrA were observed in SIT42 and orphan isolates.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A153T

Protein Change: A153T
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1746

Molecular characterization and antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus agalactiae isolated from pregnant women in Japan, 2017-2021.

PMID 35923645 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81L
Organisms: Streptococcus agalactiae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: analysis of quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs)
Source Database: Reslit

1747

Molecular Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance of Mycobacterium leprae from Leprosy Patients in Zhejiang Province, China.

PMID 35924023 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A91V
Organisms: Mycobacterium leprae
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1748

Mycoplasma genitalium macrolide and fluoroquinolone resistance in pregnant women in Papua New Guinea.

PMID 35926999 · 2023

No macrolide resistance mutations were found.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.F50Y gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.A336G gyrA: p.Q512L gyrA: p.A828T gyrA: p.D847N gyrA: p.T878A

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: targeted PCR assays
Source Database: Reslit

1749

Whole-genome sequencing-based prediction and analysis of antimicrobial resistance in Yersinia enterocolitica from Ningxia, China.

PMID 35942314 · 2022

Mutations in gyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: F50Y, S83I, A336G, Q512L, A828T, D847N, T878A
Organisms: Yersinia enterocolitica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: analysis of the DNA sequences of the gyr A gene
Source Database: Reslit

1750

A data compendium associating the genomes of 12,289 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates with quantitative resistance phenotypes to 13 antibiotics.

PMID 35944069 · 2022

mutations in gyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003295

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94H gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.G88A gyrA: p.G88C

Protein Change: D94G, A90V, D94N, D94A, S91P, D94H, D94Y, G88A, G88C
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacinfluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Validation Method: genomic and phenotypic data; genotyping and phenotypic resistance testing
Source Database: ReslitCard Database

1751

Within-farm dynamics of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli in dairy cattle: Resistance profiles and molecular characterization by long-read whole-genome sequencing.

PMID 35966684 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Source Database: Reslit

1752

Whole genome sequencing of the multidrug-resistant Chryseobacterium indologenes isolated from a patient in Brazil.

PMID 35966843 · 2022

Mutation in gyrA contributes to quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83Y
Organisms: Chryseobacterium indologenes
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and annotation
Source Database: Reslit

1753

Antimicrobial susceptibilities and mechanisms of resistance of commensal and invasive Mycoplasma salivarium isolates.

PMID 35979479 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84P

Protein Change: S84P
Organisms: Mycoplasma salivarium
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of gyrA gene
Source Database: Reslit

1754

Metagenomic data from cerebrospinal fluid permits tracing the origin and spread of Neisseria meningitidis CC4821 in China.

PMID 35982241 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T91I
Organisms: Neisseria meningitidis
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1755

Molecular detection of fluoroquinolone-resistant Neisseria meningitidis by using mismatched PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique.

PMID 35982783 · 2022

The T91I mutation in gyrA was associated with high-level ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T91I
Organisms: Neisseria meningitidis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR-RFLP assay and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1756

The Resistance Mechanism of Mycoplasma bovis From Yaks in Tibet to Fluoroquinolones and Aminoglycosides.

PMID 35982926 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Mycoplasma bovis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|enrofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1757

High fluoroquinolone resistance proportions among multidrug-resistant tuberculosis driven by dominant L2 Mycobacterium tuberculosis clones in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region.

PMID 35989319 · 2022

Mutations in gyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1758

Evybactin is a DNA gyrase inhibitor that selectively kills Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 35996001 · 2022

Mutations in gyrA lead to evybactin resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87N

Protein Change: D94N
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: isolation of spontaneous moxifloxacin-resistant mutants
Source Database: Reslit

1759

Genomic surveillance of Salmonella spp. in the Philippines during 2013-2014.

PMID 35999186 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87G, D87N
Organisms: Salmonella Typhi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: genotypic resistance prediction
Source Database: Reslit

1760

Low Ciprofloxacin Concentrations Select Multidrug-Resistant Mutants Overproducing Efflux Pumps in Clinical Isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 36000896 · 2022

mutation in gyrA contributes to ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A908T

Protein Change: A908T
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1761

Molecular characterization of circulating Salmonella Typhi strains in an urban informal settlement in Kenya.

PMID 36007074 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.D87N

Protein Change: S83F, S83Y, D87N
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1762

In Vitro Activity of Sulbactam-Durlobactam against Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Isolates: A Multicentre Report from Italy.

PMID 36010006 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1763

Prevalence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance (PMQRs) Determinants and Whole Genome Sequence Screening of PMQR-Producing E. coli Isolated from Men Undergoing a Transrectal Prostate Biopsy.

PMID 36012180 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G93C gyrA: p.M95I gyrA: p.A105T gyrA: p.D107N

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: WGS
Source Database: Reslit

1764

Molecular Typing Reveals Distinct Mycoplasma genitalium Transmission Networks among a Cohort of Men Who Have Sex with Men and a Cohort of Women in France.

PMID 36014005 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: G93C, M95I, A105T, D107N
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1765

Molecular Evolution of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa DNA Gyrase gyrA Gene.

PMID 36014079 · 2022

Mutations in gyrA are associated with quinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I, D87N
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: reduced binding affinity
Validation Method: Docking simulation analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1766

Clonal distribution and antimicrobial resistance of methicillin-susceptible and -resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains isolated from broiler farms, slaughterhouses, and retail chicken meat.

PMID 36041389 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|enrofloxacin|levofloxacin
Effect on Function: mutations in QRDRs
Validation Method: sequencing analysis of QRDRs
Source Database: Reslit

1767

Predicting antibiotic resistance in complex protein targets using alchemical free energy methods.

PMID 36054249 · 2022

Resistant to moxifloxacin

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V, D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacinrifampicin
Validation Method: alchemical free energy calculations; free energy calculation
Source Database: Reslit

1768

Molecular analysis of OXA-48-producing Escherichia coli in Switzerland from 2019 to 2020.

PMID 36103096 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1769

Molecular characteristics of fluoroquinolone-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from suckling piglets with colibacillosis.

PMID 36109712 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: mutations in quinolone resistance determining regions (gyrA or parC)
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1770

Single-cell genomics reveals population structures from in vitro evolutionary studies of Salmonella.

PMID 36125951 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A670E gyrA: p.E761R gyrA: p.Q858K

Protein Change: D87G
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: single-cell sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1771

Genetic determinants of antimicrobial resistance in three multi-drug resistant strains of Cutibacterium acnes isolated from patients with acne: a predictive in silico study.

PMID 36133174 · 2022

neutral

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A670E, E761R, Q858K
Organisms: Cutibacterium acnes
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: Neutral; Deleterious
Validation Method: In silico analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1772

Investigation of In Vitro Susceptibility and Resistance Mechanisms in Skin Pathogens: Perspectives for Fluoroquinolone Therapy in Canine Pyoderma.

PMID 36139982 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.G83R / c.G248C

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1773

Molecular Mechanisms of Drug Resistance and Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Variants of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID 36142410 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S91Y

Protein Change: S91Y
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: in vitro mutant selection
Source Database: Reslit

1774

Comparative Genomic Analysis of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli from South American Camelids in Central Germany.

PMID 36144308 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, G83R
Nucleotide Change: G248C
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1775

Antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella Indiana from retail chickens in China and emergence of an mcr-1-harboring isolate with concurrent resistance to ciprofloxacin, cefotaxime, and colistin.

PMID 36160190 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, D87N
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: Genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1776

Genomic characterization of two metagenome-assembled genomes of Tropheryma whipplei from China.

PMID 36189364 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S81A

Protein Change: S81A
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: RAST annotation
Source Database: Reslit

1777

Whole genome sequence analysis of ESBL-producing Escherichia coli recovered from New Zealand freshwater sites.

PMID 36200854 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1778

Acquisition of genomic elements were pivotal for the success of Escherichia coli ST410

PMID 36204996 · 2022

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1779

Reference Susceptibility Testing and Genomic Surveillance of Clostridioides difficile, United States, 2012-17.

PMID 36208202 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T82I
Organisms: Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1780

Multidrug-Resistant Salmonella Species and Their Mobile Genetic Elements from Poultry Farm Environments in Malaysia.

PMID 37627750 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G438R

Protein Change: G438R
Organisms: Salmonella enterica, Salmonella Jedburgh, Salmonella Brancaster
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1781

Evaluation of Antibiotic Resistance Mechanisms in Gram-Negative Bacteria.

PMID 37998792 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S81L gyrA: p.T83I / c.TAT->ATT

Protein Change: S83L
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1782

Molecular and clinical epidemiology of carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterobacterales in Fiji: a multicentre prospective observational study.

PMID 38867891 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S81L, T83I
Nucleotide Change: TAT->ATT
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: confers high-level resistance to fluoroquinolones; associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing; genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1783

Evaluation of genetic correlation with fluoroquinolones resistance in rifampicin-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates.

PMID 38868072 · 2024

Asp94Gly was the most common mutation in gyrA associated with high-level resistance to LFX and MFX.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and broth microdilution
Source Database: Reslit

1784

Salmonella Typhi Haplotype 58 (H58) Biofilm Formation and Genetic Variation in Typhoid Fever Patients with Gallstones in an Endemic Setting in Kenya.

PMID 38883710 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S91F gyrA: p.D95G gyrA: p.D95N gyrA: p.D95A

Protein Change: S83Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: phenotypic susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1785

The novel 2024 WHO Neisseria gonorrhoeae reference strains for global quality assurance of laboratory investigations and superseded WHO N. gonorrhoeae reference strains-phenotypic, genetic and reference genome characterization.

PMID 38889110 · 2024

carried various mutations leading to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F, D95G, D95N, D95A
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1786

Whole-Genome Sequence Analysis of Antibiotic Resistance, Virulence, and Plasmid Dynamics in Multidrug-Resistant E. coli Isolates from Imported Shrimp.

PMID 38890994 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S87L gyrA: p.S87F

Protein Change: D87N, S83L
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1787

Dynamic antimicrobial resistance and phylogenomic structure of Salmonella Typhimurium from 2007 to 2019 in Shanghai, China.

PMID 38904374 · 2024

Mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87L, S87F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1788

A multicenter genomic epidemiological investigation in Brazil, Chile, and Mexico reveals the diversity and persistence of Salmonella populations in surface waters.

PMID 38920393 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83Y

Protein Change: D87G, D87Y, S83F, S83Y
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1789

Evaluation of Antimicrobial Resistancein Clinical Isolates of Enterococcus spp. Obtained from Hospital Patients in Latvia.

PMID 38929467 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A83L gyrA: p.D78E gyrA: p.D87N

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1790

Genome Sequences of Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Recovered from Mid-Stream Urine Samples in Accra, Ghana.

PMID 38930521 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A83L, D78E, D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: norfloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1791

The origins of haplotype 58 (H58) Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi.

PMID 38942806 · 2024

Mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) of gyrA are associated with decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83Y

Protein Change: D87Y, S83F, S83Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genetic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1792

Systematic in vitro optimization of antimicrobial peptides against Escherichia coli.

PMID 38966332 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.P116A gyrA: p.T83I

Protein Change: D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: experimental
Source Database: Reslit

1793

Unveiling the microevolution of antimicrobial resistance in selected Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from Egyptian healthcare settings: A genomic approach.

PMID 38969684 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: P116A, T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1794

Comparative genomics of quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli from broilers and humans in Norway.

PMID 38971718 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.S83A gyrA: p.S83W gyrA: p.E84G gyrA: p.E84K

Protein Change: S83L, D87N, D87G, S83A, S83W, E84G, E84K
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1795

Genomic and phenotypic inconsistencies in Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistome among intensive care patients.

PMID 38975326 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacinciprofloxacin
Validation Method: NGS-AST analysis and phenotypic resistance; NGS-AST analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1796

A microbiological and genomic perspective of globally collected Escherichia coli from adults hospitalized with invasive E. coli disease.

PMID 39001716 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1797

The Prevalence of Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli in Chennai and Whole Genome Sequence Analysis of Carbapenem-Resistant Escherichia coli ST410.

PMID 39011012 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: Whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1798

Emergence of Carbapenem-resistant Clinical Isolates of Providencia Species.

PMID 39021729 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87A gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.D87N

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Providencia rettgeri, Providencia stuartii
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Table 2
Source Database: Reslit

1799

Investigation of gyrA and parC mutations and the prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolates.

PMID 39026143 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I, D87G, S83F, D87A, S83Y, D87Y, D87N
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1800

Exposure to blue light reduces antimicrobial resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from dog ear infections.

PMID 39027093 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D652Y

Protein Change: D652Y
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1801

Antimicrobial resistance genes harbored in invasive Acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex isolated from Korean children during the pre-COVID-19 pandemic periods, 2015-2020.

PMID 39027135 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T86I gyrA: p.D90N

Protein Change: S81L
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii, Non-baumannii Acinetobacter
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1802

Five centuries of genome evolution and multi-host adaptation of Campylobacter jejuni in Brazil.

PMID 39028633 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I, D90N
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: in silico identification; genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1803

Macrolones target bacterial ribosomes and DNA gyrase and can evade resistance mechanisms.

PMID 39039256 · 2024

Mutations in gyrA are associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87A gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.A119E

Protein Change: S83F, D87A, D87G, D87Y, A119E
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: selection of resistant mutants
Source Database: Reslit

1804

Staphylococcus aureus associated with surgical site infections in Western Kenya reveals genomic hotspots for pathogen evolution.

PMID 39045253 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.I91D gyrA: p.K91D gyrA: p.K91G gyrA: p.N91G gyrA: p.N91N gyrA: p.N91D gyrA: p.N91Y

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1805

The crosstalk between efflux pump and resistance gene mutation in Helicobacter pylori.

PMID 39052777 · 2024

Mutations in gyrA confer resistance to levofloxacin

Mutation Information

Protein Change: I91D, K91D, K91G, N91G, N91N, N91D, N91Y
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: gene sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1806

In vitro evolution of ciprofloxacin resistance in Neisseria commensals and derived mutation population dynamics in natural Neisseria populations.

PMID 39071422 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G89D

Protein Change: G89D
Organisms: N. canis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1807

Evolution of ciprofloxacin resistance in Salmonella Typhimurium and its impact on virulence and colonization

PMID 39082861 · 2024

Mutations identified in the quinolone resistance-determining regions

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Salmonella Typhimurium
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR amplification and sequencing of QRDR regions
Source Database: Reslit

1808

Interactions between Zoliflodacin and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV: Enzymological Basis for Cellular Targeting.

PMID 39082980 · 2024

Mutations in gyrA increase susceptibility to zoliflodacin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F, D95G
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: enhanced the ability of zoliflodacin and other SPTs to induce gyrase-mediated DNA cleavage
Validation Method: enzymatic activity assays
Source Database: Reslit

1809

Emergence of Extensively Drug-Resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae, France, 2023.

PMID 39084693 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.M95I gyrA: p.D99Y gyrA: p.D107N

Protein Change: S91F, D95A
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1810

Etiological, sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of sexually transmitted infections and M. genitalium resistance in Shenzhen: a multicenter cross-sectional study in China.

PMID 39119297 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: M95I, D99Y, D107N
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1811

Omadacycline is active in vitro and in vivo against ciprofloxacin-resistant Bacillus anthracis.

PMID 39133023 · 2024

The gyrA mutation (Ser83Leu) was identified in the ciprofloxacin-resistant BAC r 4-2 strain.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Bacillus anthracis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1812

Targeted next-generation sequencing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from patient samples: lessons learned from high drug-resistant burden clinical settings in Bangladesh.

PMID 39136526 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A90V
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: tNGS and pDST
Source Database: Reslit

1813

Bacterial Genomics for National Antimicrobial Resistance Surveillance in Cambodia.

PMID 39163245 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and AMR gene characterization
Source Database: Reslit

1814

Antimicrobial Resistance in Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci: Resistome, Mobiloome, and Relatedness

PMID 39287832 · 2023

Mutations in gyrA contribute to ciprofloxacin resistance in multiple CoNS isolates.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: E84G, S80F, S84L, E214T, V248E, S63P, Q6E, Y366R, A367T, S173A, C377H, S376V, I368V, L191V, A169V, K364R, S16N, A32S, K200H, L188M, N153T, S158E, S245A, L4Y
Organisms: S. simulans, S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1815

Global genomic diversity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in bronchiectasis.

PMID 39293722 · 2024

Mutations in gyrA lead to fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.T83I gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87A gyrA: p.163del

Protein Change: T83I, D87N
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1816

Comparative in vitro activity of Delafloxacin and other antimicrobials against isolates from patients with acute bacterial skin, skin-structure infection and osteomyelitis.

PMID 39305936 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, T83I, S83I, S83F, D87N, D87A, 163del
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1817

Transmission of dominant strains of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli between farms and retail stores in Ecuador: Genetic diversity and antimicrobial resistance.

PMID 39316598 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T86I gyrA: p.T86K

Protein Change: T86I, T86K
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1818

Monitoring of Pseudomonas aeruginosa mutational resistome dynamics using an enrichment panel for direct sequencing of clinical samples.

PMID 39332391 · 2024

Detected in ST175 isolate.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S84F gyrA: p.D87N

Protein Change: T83I, D87N
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: direct sequencing with enrichment panel
Source Database: Reslit

1819

Genome-Based Analysis of Genetic Diversity, Antimicrobial Susceptibility, and Virulence Gene Distribution in Salmonella Pullorum Isolates from Poultry in China.

PMID 39335264 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83F, S84F, D87N
Organisms: Salmonella pullorum
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic testing
Source Database: Reslit

1820

Co-Occurrence of Two Plasmids Encoding Transferable bla(NDM-1) and tet(Y) Genes in Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter bereziniae.

PMID 39336804 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.M125I

Protein Change: M125I
Organisms: Acinetobacter bereziniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1821

Genetic Diversity, Virulence, and Antibiotic Resistance Determinants of Campylobacter jejuni Isolates in Romania.

PMID 39338908 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1822

Comprehensive Genomic Analysis of Uropathogenic E. coli: Virulence Factors, Antimicrobial Resistance, and Mobile Genetic Elements.

PMID 39338985 · 2024

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: mutations in gyrase and topoisomerase genes
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1823

The catalogue of Mycobacterium tuberculosis mutations associated with drug resistance to 12 drugs in China from a nationwide survey: a genomic analysis.

PMID 39353459 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A70T gyrA: p.T86I gyrA: p.T86A gyrA: p.T86K gyrA: p.T86V gyrA: p.D90A gyrA: p.D90N gyrA: p.D90T

Protein Change: S91P
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: genotyping and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1824

Cloning and nucleotide sequence of the Campylobacter jejuni gyrA gene and characterization of quinolone resistance mutations.

PMID 8384814 · 1993

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A70T, T86I, T86A, T86K, T86V, D90A, D90N, D90T
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: Target modification; DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: ResFinder DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

1825

Antibiotic resistance and resistance mechanisms in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli.

PMID 18031331 · 2007

Phenotype described only in association with other mutations (T86), unknown phenotype if the present mutation occurs alone

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D85Y

Protein Change: D85Y
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: Target modification; DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: ResFinder DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

1826

Quinolone and macrolide resistance in Campylobacter jejuni and C. coli: resistance mechanisms and trends in human isolates.

PMID 11266291 · 2001

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T86I gyrA: p.T86A gyrA: p.T86K gyrA: p.T86V gyrA: c.A258C gyrA: c.A271T gyrA: c.G210A

Protein Change: T86I, T86A, T86K, T86V
Nucleotide Change: A258C, A271T, G210A
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacinfluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: Target modification
Validation Method: Cloning and sequencing
Source Database: ResFinder DatabaseReslit

1827

PMID Unpublished

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T86I gyrA: p.T86A gyrA: p.T86K gyrA: p.T86V

Protein Change: T86I, T86A, T86K, T86V
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ResFinder Database

1828

Mechanisms of fluoroquinolone and macrolide resistance in Campylobacter spp.

PMID 16713726 · 2006

Phenotype described only in association with other mutations (R285), unknown phenotype if the present mutation occurs alone

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T86I gyrA: p.T86A gyrA: p.T86K gyrA: p.T86V gyrA: p.D90A gyrA: p.D90N gyrA: p.D90T gyrA: p.P104S

Protein Change: T86I, T86A, T86K, T86V, D90A, D90N, D90T, P104S
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ResFinder Database

1829

Activity of quinolones against gram-positive cocci: mechanisms of drug action and bacterial resistance.

PMID 12373497 · 2002

Phenotype described only in association with parC mutations, unknown phenotype if the present mutation occurs alone

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83R gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.S83N gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.E87K gyrA: p.E87G gyrA: p.E87L

Protein Change: S83R, S83I, S83N, S83L, S83Y, E87K, E87G, E87L
Organisms: Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ResFinder Database

1830

Alterations in the GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase and the ParC subunit of DNA topoisomerase IV associated with quinolone resistance in Enterococcus faecalis.

PMID 9527801 · 1998

Phenotype described only in association with parC mutations, unknown phenotype if the present mutation occurs alone

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83R gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.S83N gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.S83Y

Protein Change: S83R, S83I, S83N, S83L, S83Y
Organisms: Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ResFinder Database

1831

Association of alterations in ParC and GyrA proteins with resistance of clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecium to nine different fluoroquinolones.

PMID 10508034 · 1999

Phenotype described only in association with parC mutations, unknown phenotype if the present mutation occurs alone

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S97N

Protein Change: S97N
Organisms: Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ResFinder Database

1832

Mutation in the DNA gyrase A Gene of Escherichia coli that expands the quinolone resistance-determining region.

PMID 11451702 · 2001

Unknown phenotype if A84P or A84V occur alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with other gyrA mutations

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A51V gyrA: p.A84P gyrA: p.A84V

Protein Change: A51V, A84P, A84V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acidnalidixic acid|ciprofloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: Target modification; DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: ResFinder DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

1833

Novel gyrA point mutation in a strain of Escherichia coli resistant to fluoroquinolones but not to nalidixic acid.

PMID 8392306 · 1993

G81D mutation confers resistance to ciprofloxacin only. If G81D and D82G are present simultaneously, there is also nalidixic acid resistance

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G81C gyrA: p.G81D

Protein Change: G81C, G81D
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacinnalidixic acid|ciprofloxacinquinolones
Effect on Function: Target modification; DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: ResFinder DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

1834

Mutations in gyrA and parC genes in nalidixic acid-resistant Escherichia coli strains from food products, humans and animals.

PMID 12654733 · 2003

D87G or D87Y confer resistance to nalidixic acid only, if occurring alone. Unknown phenotype if D87H occurs alone

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.S83W gyrA: p.S83A gyrA: p.S83V gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.D87A gyrA: p.D87H gyrA: p.D87V

Protein Change: S83L, S83W, S83A, S83V, D87N, D87G, D87Y, D87A, D87H, D87V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacinnalidixic acidquinolonesquinolones|triclosan
Effect on Function: Target modification; DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: ResFinder DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

1835

Detection of mutations in the gyrA and parC genes in Escherichia coli isolates carrying plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes from diseased food-producing animals.

PMID 22878251 · 2012

D87G or D87Y confer resistance to nalidixic acid only, if occurring alone. Unknown phenotype if D87H occurs alone

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.D87A gyrA: p.D87H gyrA: p.D87V

Protein Change: D87N, D87G, D87Y, D87A, D87H, D87V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acidnalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ResFinder Database

1836

4-Quinolone resistance mutations in the DNA gyrase of Escherichia coli clinical isolates identified by using the polymerase chain reaction.

PMID 1850972 · 1991

D87G or D87Y confer resistance to nalidixic acid only, if occurring alone. Unknown phenotype if D87H occurs alone

Escherichia coli gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003294

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.D87A gyrA: p.D87H gyrA: p.D87V gyrA: p.S83W

Protein Change: D87N, D87G, D87Y, D87A, D87H, D87V, S83W
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acidnalidixic acid|ciprofloxacinfluoroquinolonesquinolones
Effect on Function: Target modification; single resistance variant; DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: ResFinder DatabaseCard DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

1837

Lysosomes as modulators of cellular functions. Influence on the synthesis and secretion of non-lysosomal materials.

PMID 185097 · 1976

Unknown phenotype if Q106H occurs alone. Nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance when associated with other gyrA mutations

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.Q106H gyrA: p.Q106R

Protein Change: Q106H, Q106R
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ResFinder Database

1838

High prevalence of acquired quinolone-resistance genes among Enterobacteriaceae from Saudi Arabia with CTX-M-15 β-lactamase.

PMID 22633335 · 2012

Under development. Phenotype should be used with caution.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87A gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87G

Protein Change: S83L, S83F, D87A, D87N, D87G
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: ResFinder Database

1839

Characterization of mutations in multi- and extensive drug resistance among strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates in Republic of Korea.

PMID 23561273 · 2013

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.R68G gyrA: p.S69T gyrA: p.D89N gyrA: p.A90E gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.A90G gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.S91A gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94H gyrA: p.D94V gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94G

Protein Change: R68G, S69T, D89N, A90E, A90V, A90G, S91P, S91A, D94N, D94Y, D94H, D94V, D94A, D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: ResFinder Database

1840

Tuberculosis drug resistance mutation database.

PMID 19209951 · 2009

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A74S gyrA: p.T80A gyrA: p.G88C gyrA: p.G88A gyrA: p.D89N gyrA: p.A90E gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.A90G gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.S91A gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94H gyrA: p.D94V gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.P102H gyrA: p.L109V

Protein Change: A74S, T80A, G88C, G88A, D89N, A90E, A90V, A90G, S91P, S91A, D94N, D94Y, D94H, D94V, D94A, D94G, P102H, L109V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: ResFinder Database

1841

Detection of first- and second-line drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates by pyrosequencing.

PMID 22461677 · 2012

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D89N gyrA: p.A90E gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.A90G gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.S91A gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94H gyrA: p.D94V gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94G

Protein Change: D89N, A90E, A90V, A90G, S91P, S91A, D94N, D94Y, D94H, D94V, D94A, D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: ResFinder Database

1842

Genome sequencing of 161 Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from China identifies genes and intergenic regions associated with drug resistance.

PMID 23995137 · 2013

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90E gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.A90G gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94H gyrA: p.D94V gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94G

Protein Change: A90E, A90V, A90G, D94N, D94Y, D94H, D94V, D94A, D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: ResFinder Database

1843

Detection of streptomycin and quinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis by a low-density DNA array.

PMID 23906937 · 2013

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90E gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.A90G gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.S91A gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94H gyrA: p.D94V gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94G

Protein Change: A90E, A90V, A90G, S91P, S91A, D94N, D94Y, D94H, D94V, D94A, D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: ResFinder Database

1844

Evaluation of genotype MTBDRsl assay to detect drug resistance associated with fluoroquinolones, aminoglycosides and ethambutol on clinical sediments.

PMID 23166667 · 2012

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90E gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.A90G gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.S91A gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94H gyrA: p.D94V gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94G

Protein Change: A90E, A90V, A90G, S91P, S91A, D94N, D94Y, D94H, D94V, D94A, D94G
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: ResFinder Database

1845

Mutations in gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE in quinolone-resistant strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID 12529019 · 2002

Mutation often seen together with D95N/G mutation (PMID: 23347339)

Mutation often seen together with S91F mutation (PMID: 23347339)

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D95N gyrA: p.D95G

Protein Change: S91F, D95N, D95G
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: ResFinder Database

1846

Letter: Normotensive phaeochromocytoma with hypercalcaemia.

PMID 1252902 · 1976

Mutation often seen together with S91F mutation (PMID: 23347339)

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D95N, D95G
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: ResFinder Database

1847

Salmonella typhimurium gyrA mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

PMID 7492118 · 1995

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A67P gyrA: p.G81S gyrA: p.G81C gyrA: p.G81H gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: A67P, G81S, G81C, G81H, S83I, S83Y, S83F, D87N, D87G, D87Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ResFinder Database

1848

Detection of gyrA mutations in quinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica by denaturing high-performance liquid chromatography.

PMID 12409384 · 2002

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D72G gyrA: p.V73I gyrA: p.D87K gyrA: p.A119E gyrA: p.A119S

Protein Change: D72G, V73I, D87K, A119E, A119S
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ResFinder Database

1849

Comparative studies of mutations in animal isolates and experimental in vitro- and in vivo-selected mutants of Salmonella spp. suggest a counterselection of highly fluoroquinolone-resistant strains in the field.

PMID 10471553 · 1999

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G81S gyrA: p.G81C gyrA: p.G81H gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: G81S, G81C, G81H, S83I, S83Y, S83F, D87N, D87G, D87Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ResFinder Database

1850

Geographically dependent distribution of gyrA gene mutations at codons 83 and 87 in Salmonella Hadar, and a novel codon 81 Gly to His mutation in Salmonella Enteritidis.

PMID 15153158 · 2004

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G81S gyrA: p.G81C gyrA: p.G81H

Protein Change: G81S, G81C, G81H
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ResFinder Database

1851

Phenotypic and genotypic characterization of food animal isolates of Salmonella with reduced sensitivity to ciprofloxacin.

PMID 12523636 · 2002

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D82G

Protein Change: D82G
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ResFinder Database

1852

[Resistance to quinolones and beta-lactams in Salmonella enterica due to mutations in topoisomerase-encoding genes, altered cell permeability and expression of an active efflux system].

PMID 15056435 · 2004

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: D87N, D87G, D87Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ResFinder Database

1853

Prevalence of mutations within the quinolone resistance-determining region of gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE and association with antibiotic resistance in quinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica.

PMID 15388468 · 2004

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.L98V

Protein Change: L98V
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ResFinder Database

1854

Mutations in gyrA gene of quinolone-resistant Salmonella serotypes isolated from humans and animals.

PMID 8849216 · 1996

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A119V

Protein Change: A119V
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ResFinder Database

1855

Mechanisms of quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli and Salmonella: recent developments.

PMID 15848289 · 2005

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A131G, E139A, A67P, D72G, V73I, G81C, G81D, G81H, G81S, D82G, D82N, S83A, S83F, S83Y, D87G, D87K, D87N, D87Y, L98V, A119E, A119S, A119V
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacinquinolonesquinolones|triclosan
Effect on Function: Target modification; DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: ResFinder DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

1856

DNA gyrase gyrA mutations in ciprofloxacin-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus: close similarity with quinolone resistance mutations in Escherichia coli.

PMID 2174869 · 1990

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84L gyrA: p.S84A gyrA: p.S85P

Protein Change: S84L, S84A, S85P
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ResFinder Database

1857

GyrA sequence analysis of Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains selected, in vitro, for high-level ciprofloxacin resistance.

PMID 7902228 · 1993

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84L gyrA: p.S84A

Protein Change: S84L, S84A
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ResFinder Database

1858

Susceptibility and resistance genes to fluoroquinolones in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated in 2002.

PMID 15848290 · 2005

Levofloxacin resistance (and not tested for ciprofloxacin) in combination with gyrA_S84L,grlA_S80Y,grlA_E84G

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.E88K gyrA: p.E88G

Protein Change: E88K, E88G
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ResFinder Database

1859

Emerging multiple mutations and high-level fluoroquinolone resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from ocular infections.

PMID 16769192 · 2006

Levofloxacin resistance (and not tested for ciprofloxacin) in combination with gyrA_S84L,grlA_S80Y,grlA_E84G

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.E88L

Protein Change: E88L
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ResFinder Database

1860

Junctional specializations between growth cones and glia in the developing rat pyramidal tract: synapse-like contacts and invaginations.

PMID 2040724 · 1991

Levofloxacin resistance (and not tested for ciprofloxacin) in combination with gyrA_S84L,grlA_S80Y,grlA_E84G

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.E88G

Protein Change: E88G
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ResFinder Database

1861

Characterization of grlA, grlB, gyrA, and gyrB mutations in 116 unrelated isolates of Staphylococcus aureus and effects of mutations on ciprofloxacin MIC.

PMID 9593159 · 1998

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G106D

Protein Change: G106D
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: Target modification
Source Database: ResFinder Database

1862

Novel gyrA and parC point mutations in two strains of Acinetobacter baumannii resistant to ciprofloxacin.

PMID 15282231 · 2004

Acinetobacter baumannii gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003817

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S81L gyrA: p.G79C

Protein Change: S81L, G79C
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant; DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

1863

gyrA mutations in ciprofloxacin-resistant Bartonella bacilliformis strains obtained in vitro.

PMID 12499219 · 2003

Bartonella bacilliformis gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003297

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D95N gyrA: p.D90G

Protein Change: D95N, D90G
Organisms: Bartonella bacilliformis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

1864

Mutations in Bartonella bacilliformis gyrB confer resistance to coumermycin A1.

PMID 9797224 · 1998

Bartonella bacilliformis gyrB conferring resistance to aminocoumarin; CARD accession: CARD:3003302

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T214A gyrA: p.T214I gyrA: p.G124S gyrA: p.R184Q

Protein Change: T214A, T214I, G124S, R184Q
Organisms: Bartonella bacilliformis
Confers Resistance To: aminocoumarin
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

1865

The contribution of antibiotic resistance mechanisms in clinical Burkholderia cepacia complex isolates: an emphasis on efflux pump activity.

PMID 25153194 · 2014

Burkholderia dolosa gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3004860

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G81D gyrA: p.D87H gyrA: p.T83I

Protein Change: G81D, D87H, T83I
Organisms: Burkholderia dolosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant; DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

1866

Identification of the main quinolone resistance determinant in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli by MAMA-DEG PCR.

PMID 26658311 · 2016

Campylobacter jejuni gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003789

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

1867

Multidrug-resistant oral Capnocytophaga gingivalis responsible for an acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Case report and literature review.

PMID 27531625 · 2016

Capnocytophaga gingivalis gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003931

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G80N

Protein Change: G80N
Organisms: Capnocytophaga gingivalis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

1868

Molecular characterization of moxifloxacin resistance from Canadian Clostridium difficile clinical isolates.

PMID 20226332 · 2010

Clostridioides difficile gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003995

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.P116A

Protein Change: P116A
Organisms: Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

1869

Antecedent use of fluoroquinolones is associated with resistance to moxifloxacin in Clostridium difficile.

PMID 12848728 · 2003

Clostridioides difficile gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003995

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.L345I gyrA: p.A384D

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

1870

Identification of a novel mutation at the primary dimer interface of GyrA conferring fluoroquinolone resistance in Clostridium difficile.

PMID 27842877 · 2015

Clostridioides difficile gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003995

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: L345I, A384D
Organisms: Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant; DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

1871

Diversity of moxifloxacin resistance during a nosocomial outbreak of a predominantly ribotype ARU 027 Clostridium difficile diarrhea.

PMID 19818865 · 2009

Clostridioides difficile gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003995

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.C245T

Protein Change: C245T
Organisms: Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

1872

Emergence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Propionibacterium acnes caused by amino acid substitutions of DNA gyrase but not DNA topoisomerase IV.

PMID 27793740 · 2016

Cutibacterium acnes gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003974

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S101L gyrA: p.D105G

Protein Change: S101L, D105G
Organisms: Cutibacterium acnes
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

1873

Serotypes, Antibiotic Susceptibility, Genotypic Virulence Profiles and SpaA Variants of Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae Strains Isolated from Pigs in Poland.

PMID 36986331 · 2023

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae gyrA with mutation conferring resistance to enrofloxacin; CARD accession: CARD:3007544

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T86K gyrA: p.T86I

Protein Change: T86K, T86I
Organisms: Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

1874

Mutations in the gyrA gene of a highly fluoroquinolone-resistant clinical isolate of Escherichia coli.

PMID 8388197 · 1993

Escherichia coli gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003294

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.Q106H gyrA: p.S83W

Protein Change: S83L
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

1875

Cloning and characterization of a DNA gyrase A gene from Escherichia coli that confers clinical resistance to 4-quinolones.

PMID 2548439 · 1989

Escherichia coli gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003294

gyrA

The Ser-83-->Trp mutation in the gyrase A protein was solely responsible for high-level bacterial resistance to nalidixic acid and fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: Q106H, S83W
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesquinolonesnalidixic acid|fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant; DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Validation Method: genetic analysis of chimeric gyrA genes in a gyrA(Ts) background
Source Database: Card DatabaseReference Gene CatalogReslit

1876

Characterisation of novel mutations involved in quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli isolated from imported shrimp.

PMID 25631675 · 2015

Escherichia coli gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003294

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87Y gyrA: p.D87H gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.S83I

Protein Change: D87Y, D87H, D87G, D87N, S83I
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

1877

Quinolone-resistant gyrase mutants demonstrate decreased susceptibility to triclosan.

PMID 29091182 · 2017

Escherichia coli gyrA with mutation conferring resistance to triclosan; CARD accession: CARD:3004335

Salmonella enterica gyrA with mutation conferring resistance to triclosan; CARD accession: CARD:3004334

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87H

Protein Change: D87G, S83F, D87H
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: triclosanquinolones|triclosan
Effect on Function: single resistance variant; DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

1878

Molecular characterization of a clinical Haemophilus parainfluenzae isolate with cefotaxime resistance and decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.

PMID 27497656 · 2016

Haemophilus parainfluenzae gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003924

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84Y

Protein Change: S84Y
Organisms: Haemophilus parainfluenzae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

1879

Gemifloxacin can partially overcome quinolone resistance of H. pylori with gyrA mutation in Taiwan.

PMID 22515359 · 2012

Helicobacter pylori gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3007052

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.A97V gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.H57Y gyrA: p.V77A

Protein Change: D91N, A97V, N87K, H57Y, V77A
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: multiple resistance variants
Source Database: Card Database

1880

Emerging Helicobacter pylori levofloxacin resistance and novel genetic mutation in Nepal.

PMID 27809767 · 2016

Helicobacter pylori gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3007052

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S63P gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.R130K gyrA: p.D99V

Protein Change: S63P, D91N, R130K, D99V
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: multiple resistance variants; single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

1881

Distribution of spontaneous gyrA mutations in 97 fluoroquinolone-resistant Helicobacter pylori isolates collected in France.

PMID 22064536 · 2012

Helicobacter pylori gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3007052

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D91H gyrA: p.A88P gyrA: p.T87I

Protein Change: D91H, A88P, T87I
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

1882

Surveillance of Helicobacter pylori Antibiotic Susceptibility in Indonesia: Different Resistance Types among Regions and with Novel Genetic Mutations.

PMID 27906990 · 2016

Helicobacter pylori gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3007052

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D34Y gyrA: p.R140K gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.D161N gyrA: p.D34N gyrA: p.D192N

Protein Change: D34Y, R140K, D91G, D161N, D34N, D192N
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: multiple resistance variants; single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

1883

Mutations of Helicobacter pylori associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in Korea.

PMID 21762270 · 2011

Helicobacter pylori gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3007052

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.N87I gyrA: p.N87Y gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.D91Y gyrA: p.A97V

Protein Change: N87K, N87I, N87Y, D91G, D91N, D91Y, A97V
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant; multiple resistance variants
Source Database: Card Database

1884

Characterization of DNA Gyrase Activity and Elucidation of the Impact of Amino Acid Substitution in GyrA on Fluoroquinolone Resistance in Mycobacterium avium.

PMID 37067420 · 2023

Mycobacterium avium gyrA with mutation conferring resistance to fluoroquinolone; CARD accession: CARD:3007473

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D95G gyrA: p.D95Y

Protein Change: D95G, D95Y
Organisms: Mycobacterium avium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

1885

Mutations in genes related to drug resistance in Mycobacterium leprae isolates from leprosy patients in Korea.

PMID 15603834 · 2005

Mycobacterium leprae gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003298

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A91T

Protein Change: A91T
Organisms: Mycobacterium leprae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

1886

Molecular detection of mutations associated with first- and second-line drug resistance compared with conventional drug susceptibility testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 21300839 · 2011

Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003295

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D89V gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94V gyrA: p.D89N gyrA: p.D89G gyrA: p.G88C gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.A90G gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.G88A gyrA: p.G247S gyrA: p.D500N

Protein Change: D94N, D94G, D89V, D94A, D94Y, D94V, D89N, D89G, G88C, S91P, A90G, A90V, G88A, G247S, D500N
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant; co-dependent single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

1887

PMID 978-92-4-008241-0

Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003295

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G88C gyrA: p.G88A gyrA: p.D94Y gyrA: p.D94H gyrA: p.D89N gyrA: p.A90V gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94A

Protein Change: G88C, G88A, D94Y, D94H, D89N, A90V, S91P, D94N, D94G, D94A
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

1888

Integrating standardized whole genome sequence analysis with a global Mycobacterium tuberculosis antibiotic resistance knowledgebase.

PMID 30337678 · 2018

Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003295

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94N gyrA: p.D94H gyrA: p.D94G gyrA: p.D94A gyrA: p.D89N gyrA: p.G88C gyrA: p.S91P gyrA: p.A90V

Protein Change: D94N, D94H, D94G, D94A, D89N, G88C, S91P, A90V
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

1889

Emergence of ofloxacin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis clinical isolates from China as determined by gyrA mutation analysis using denaturing high-pressure liquid chromatography and DNA sequencing.

PMID 17035499 · 2006

Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003295

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A74S

Protein Change: A74S
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

1890

Stepwise decrease in moxifloxacin susceptibility amongst clinical isolates of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis: correlation with ofloxacin susceptibility.

PMID 16584301 · 2006

Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003295

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.P102H

Protein Change: P102H
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

1891

Molecular detection of fluoroquinolone resistance-associated gyrA mutations in ofloxacin-resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from Iran and Belarus.

PMID 27847014 · 2016

Mycobacterium tuberculosis gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003295

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94T

Protein Change: D94T
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

1892

DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV mutations in clinical isolates of Ureaplasma spp. and Mycoplasma hominis resistant to fluoroquinolones.

PMID 14506049 · 2003

Mycoplasma genitalium gyrA mutation confers resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3004631

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T83I gyrA: p.D87H gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87N

Protein Change: M95I
Organisms: Mycoplasmoides genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

1893

Emergence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Clone with Reduced Susceptibility to Sitafloxacin in China: An In Vitro and Genomic Study.

PMID 38786196 · 2024

Neisseria gonorrhoeae gyrA with mutations conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003928

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D95Y

Protein Change: D95Y
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant
Source Database: Card Database

1894

DNA gyrase gyrA mutations in quinolone-resistant clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 8540700 · 1995

Pseudomonas aeruginosa gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003684

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I, D87H, D87G, D87N
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesquinolones
Effect on Function: multiple resistance variants; single resistance variant; DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

1895

gyrA and parC mutations in quinolone-resistant clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Nini Hospital in north Lebanon.

PMID 22821356 · 2013

Pseudomonas aeruginosa gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003684

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T83I gyrA: p.H80R

Protein Change: T83I, H80R
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant; DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

1896

Prevalence of gyrA Mutations in Nalidixic Acid-Resistant Strains of Salmonella Enteritidis Isolated from Humans, Food, Chickens, and the Farm Environment in Brazil.

PMID 27559761 · 2017

Salmonella enterica gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003926

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S97P gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: S97P, S83F, D87N, D87Y
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant; DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

1897

Topoisomerase mutations that are associated with high-level resistance to earlier fluoroquinolones in Staphylococcus aureus have less effect on the antibacterial activity of besifloxacin.

PMID 21996946 · 2011

Staphylococcus aureus gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones; CARD accession: CARD:3003296

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.E88K gyrA: p.E88A gyrA: p.S84L gyrA: p.S85P

Protein Change: E88K, E88A, S84L, S85P
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesquinolones
Effect on Function: single resistance variant; DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Card DatabaseReference Gene Catalog

1898

High-level resistance to fluoroquinolones and cephalosporins in Burkholderia pseudomallei and closely related species.

PMID 19121669 · 2008

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G81C gyrA: p.T83I gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: G81C, T83I, D87Y
Organisms: Burkholderia pseudomallei
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

1899

gyrA polymorphism in Campylobacter jejuni: detection of gyrA mutations in 162 C. jejuni isolates by single-strand conformation polymorphism and DNA sequencing.

PMID 12121947 · 2002

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I, P104S
Organisms: Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

1900

Fluoroquinolone resistance in Campylobacter species from man and animals: detection of mutations in topoisomerase genes.

PMID 12493783 · 2003

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I, P104S
Organisms: Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

1901

Analysis of gyrA mutations in quinolone-resistant and -susceptible Campylobacter jejuni isolates from retail poultry and human clinical isolates by non-radioactive single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis and DNA sequencing.

PMID 15078520 · 2004

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I, P104S
Organisms: Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

1902

Two distinct mutations in gyrA lead to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid resistance in Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni isolated from chickens and beef cattle.

PMID 16553723 · 2006

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I, P104S
Organisms: Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

1903

Quantitative assessment and genomic profiling of Campylobacter dynamics in poultry processing: a case study in the United Arab Emirates integrated abattoir system.

PMID 39296292 · 2024

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T83I gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.S83F gyrA: p.S83I gyrA: p.S83Y gyrA: p.D87N gyrA: p.S83R

Protein Change: T86I
Organisms: Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

1904

gyrA mutations associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in eight species of Enterobacteriaceae.

PMID 9756773 · 1998

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I, D87G, S83F, S83I, S83Y, D87N, S83R
Organisms: Citrobacter freundii, Enterobacter cloacae, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella oxytoca, Serratia marcescens
Confers Resistance To: quinolonesquinolones|triclosan
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

1905

Acquired immune deficiency syndrome and the developing nervous system.

PMID 1981886 · 1990

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T82I gyrA: p.A118T

Protein Change: T82I, A118T
Organisms: Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

1906

Intrasphenoidal encephaloceles--a clinical entity.

PMID 3324649 · 1987

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S89F gyrA: p.S89V gyrA: p.D93A gyrA: p.D93Y

Protein Change: S89F, S89V, D93A, D93Y
Organisms: Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

1907

Mechanisms involved in the development of resistance to fluoroquinolones in Escherichia coli isolates.

PMID 10590273 · 1999

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83A gyrA: p.S83V

Protein Change: S83A, S83V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

1908

Genetic evidence for a role of parC mutations in development of high-level fluoroquinolone resistance in Escherichia coli.

PMID 8849244 · 1996

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L gyrA: p.S83W gyrA: p.D87G gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: S83L, S83W, D87G, D87Y
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolonesquinolones|triclosan
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

1909

The serum half-life and urine concentrations of cephazolin sodium in patients with terminal renal failure: effect of haemodialysis.

PMID 1265473 · 1976

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83V

Protein Change: S83V
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

1910

Analysis of the mutations involved in fluoroquinolone resistance of in vivo and in vitro mutants of Escherichia coli.

PMID 9988045 · 1998

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87H gyrA: p.D87Y

Protein Change: D87G
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones|triclosan
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

1911

Molecular epidemiology and mutations at gyrA and parC genes of ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli isolates from a Taiwan medical center.

PMID 11310803 · 2001

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87H, D87Y
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones|triclosanquinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

1912

Multiple interspecies recombination events documented by whole-genome sequencing in multidrug-resistant Haemophilus influenzae clinical isolates.

PMID 38482359 · 2024

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84Y gyrA: p.D88N gyrA: p.D88Y

Protein Change: S84L
Organisms: Haemophilus influenzae
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

1913

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Haemophilus influenzae strains possess mutations in analogous positions of GyrA and ParC.

PMID 8807076 · 1996

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84Y, D88N, D88Y
Organisms: Haemophilus influenzae
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

1914

Single and double mutations in gyrA but not in gyrB are associated with low- and high-level fluoroquinolone resistance in Helicobacter pylori.

PMID 14638505 · 2003

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87K gyrA: p.D91G gyrA: p.D91N gyrA: p.D91Y

Protein Change: N87K, D91G, D91N, D91Y
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

1915

[Employers gave in to demands. Nurses get back termination notices. Interview by Jan Thomasson].

PMID 3852576 · 1985

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S91F gyrA: p.D95A gyrA: p.D95G gyrA: p.D95N

Protein Change: N87K
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

1916

Neisseria gonorrhoeae acquires mutations in analogous regions of gyrA and parC in fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates.

PMID 7830580 · 1994

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S91F, D95A, D95G, D95N
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

1917

pyngoST: fast, simultaneous and accurate multiple sequence typing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae genome collections.

PMID 38288762 · 2024

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S91I gyrA: p.S91Y

Protein Change: S91I, S91Y
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

1918

Whole-Genome Sequencing to Predict Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

PMID 36735316 · 2023

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D95A gyrA: p.D95G

Protein Change: D95A, D95G
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

1919

Demographic Features of Invasive Meningococcal Disease in Taiwan, 1993 to 2020, and Genetic Characteristics of Neisseria meningitidis Isolates, 2003 to 2020.

PMID 35862973 · 2022

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T91A

Protein Change: T91A
Organisms: Neisseria meningitidis
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

1920

Acquisition of Ciprofloxacin Resistance Among an Expanding Clade of β-Lactamase-Positive, Serogroup Y Neisseria meningitidis in the United States.

PMID 33900407 · 2021

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T91F

Protein Change: T91F
Organisms: Neisseria meningitidis
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

1921

Population-Based Surveillance of Neisseria meningitidis Antimicrobial Resistance in the United States.

PMID 26357666 · 2015

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T91I
Organisms: Neisseria meningitidis
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

1922

A mismatch amplification mutation assay for specific detection of ciprofloxacin-resistant Neisseria meningitidis.

PMID 36758676 · 2023

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D95Y

Protein Change: D95Y
Organisms: Neisseria meningitidis
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

1923

[Alternative treatment in pyelonephritis].

PMID 378743 · 1978

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D95Y

Protein Change: D95Y
Organisms: Neisseria meningitidis
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

1924

Evaluation of quinolone resistance-determining region mutations and efflux pump expression in Neisseria meningitidis resistant to fluoroquinolones.

PMID 22321998 · 2012

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T173A

Protein Change: T173A
Organisms: Neisseria meningitidis
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

1925

Gene-Gene Interactions Dictate Ciprofloxacin Resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Facilitate Prediction of Resistance Phenotype from Genome Sequence Data.

PMID 33875431 · 2021

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T83I
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

1926

Mutations in GyrA, ParC, MexR and NfxB in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 12727072 · 2003

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87Y
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

1927

Amino Acid Substitution Ser83Ile in GyrA of DNA Gyrases Confers High-Level Quinolone Resistance to Nontyphoidal Salmonella Without Loss of Supercoiling Activity.

PMID 33877914 · 2021

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83I
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

1928

Normal collecting ducts: visualization at urography.

PMID 2909118 · 1989

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S97P

Protein Change: S97P
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

1929

Accumulation of mutations in DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV genes contributes to fluoroquinolone resistance in Vibrio cholerae O139 strains.

PMID 23643392 · 2013

gyrA

Mutation Information

Protein Change: D87N
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

1930

Prevalence, virulence, antimicrobial resistance, and molecular characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from different types of food samples in China.

PMID 31794931 · 2020

gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.A1238T gyrA: c.ACA->GTA

Protein Change: S83F
Organisms: Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Effect on Function: DNA gyrase subunit A GyrA
Source Database: Reference Gene Catalog

1931

Clostridioides difficile in South American Camelids in Germany: First Insights into Molecular and Genetic Characteristics and Antimicrobial Resistance.

PMID 36671289 · 2023

Mutation Information

Nucleotide Change: A1238T, ACA->GTA
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1932

Environmental pleiotropy and demographic history direct adaptation under antibiotic selection.

PMID 30190561 · 2018

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D521G / c.A1564G

Protein Change: D521G
Nucleotide Change: A1564G
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing of known resistance regions
Source Database: Reslit

1933

Inhibitory activities of vitamins K2 against clinical isolates of quinolone-resistant and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (QR-MRSA) with different multi-locus sequence types (MLST), SCCmec, and spa types.

PMID 36528637 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.A1578G gyrA: c.C2402T gyrA: c.T2460G

Nucleotide Change: A1578G, C2402T, T2460G
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: real-time PCR
Source Database: Reslit

1934

Campylobacter coli in swine production: antimicrobial resistance mechanisms and molecular epidemiology.

PMID 16272508 · 2005

Mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.A2075G

Nucleotide Change: A2075G
Organisms: Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Effect on Function: confers resistance to ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: MAMA PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1935

Highly Prevalent Multidrug-Resistant Campylobacter spp. Isolated From a Yellow-Feathered Broiler Slaughterhouse in South China.

PMID 34220768 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.A2075G gyrA: c.C2113T

Nucleotide Change: A2075G, C2113T
Confers Resistance To: erythromycin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1936

Antibiotic Resistance Results of Helicobacter pylori in a University Hospital: Comparison of the Hybridization Test and Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction.

PMID 33488727 · 2020

Mutations in gyrA gene region associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.A2142G

Nucleotide Change: A2142G
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: real-time PCR-based PCR hybridization test
Source Database: Reslit

1937

Nalidixic acid-a good marker of fluoroquinolone resistance mechanisms in Escherichia coli.

PMID 40401973 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.E84V / c.A252T gyrA: p.I259L / c.A776C gyrA: p.L416F / c.C1247T gyrA: p.S83L / c.G248T gyrA: p.D87N / c.G260A gyrA: p.S458A / c.T1373G gyrA: p.S80I / c.TCA->ATA

Protein Change: E84V, I259L, L416F, S83L, D87N, S458A, S80I
Nucleotide Change: A252T, A776C, C1247T, G248T, G260A, T1373G, TCA->ATA
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1938

Prevalence of Site-Specific Mycoplasma genitalium Infection and Macrolide and Fluoroquinolone-Associated Mutations in Men Who Have Sex with Men in Shenzhen, China.

PMID 39830035 · 2025

Mutations in gyrA gene lead to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.M86V / c.A256G gyrA: p.A118G / c.C353G gyrA: c.C428del

Protein Change: M86V, A118G
Nucleotide Change: A256G, C353G, C428del
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1939

Research Note: Antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter species isolated from chickens near Ulaanbaatar city, Mongolia.

PMID 33518344 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.A257T

Nucleotide Change: A257T
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR amplification and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1940

A multiplex single nucleotide polymorphism typing assay for detecting mutations that result in decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility in Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A.

PMID 20511368 · 2010

Mutations in gyrA are associated with decreased fluoroquinolone susceptibility.

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.A259G gyrA: c.G247A gyrA: c.G247C gyrA: c.G248A gyrA: c.G248T gyrA: c.G259A gyrA: c.G260A

Nucleotide Change: A259G, G247A, G247C, G248A, G248T, G259A, G260A
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: multiplex PCR and Luminex xTAG assay
Source Database: Reslit

1941

Resistance development in Escherichia coli to delafloxacin at pHs 6.0 and 7.3 compared to ciprofloxacin.

PMID 37882542 · 2023

Mutations in gyrA were seen in all derivatives challenged with CIP, regardless of pH.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87G / c.A260G gyrA: p.A614V / c.C1841T gyrA: p.S83L / c.C248T gyrA: p.G616S / c.G1846A

Protein Change: D87G, A614V, S83L, G616S
Nucleotide Change: A260G, C1841T, C248T, G1846A
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacindelafloxacindelafloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: complementation assay
Source Database: Reslit

1942

Improved allele-specific PCR assays for detection of clarithromycin and fluoroquinolone resistant of Helicobacter pylori in gastric biopsies: identification of N87I mutation in GyrA.

PMID 25600075 · 2015

The N87I mutation in GyrA was identified as a cause of fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.N87I / c.A260T

Protein Change: N87I
Nucleotide Change: A260T
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: ASP-PCR with new primers
Source Database: Reslit

1943

The clinical and microbiological characteristics of enteric fever in Cambodia, 2008-2015.

PMID 28931025 · 2017

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87G / c.A261G gyrA: p.S464F / c.C1392T gyrA: p.D87N / c.G260A gyrA: p.S83F / c.TCA -> TTC

Protein Change: D87G, S464F, D87N, S83F
Nucleotide Change: A261G, C1392T, G260A, TCA -> TTC
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|pefloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and antibiotic susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1944

Genomic Epidemiology of Multidrug-Resistant Nontyphoidal Salmonella in Young Children Hospitalized for Gastroenteritis.

PMID 34346743 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87G / c.A261G gyrA: p.S83F / c.C249T gyrA: p.D87N / c.G260A gyrA: p.D87Y / c.G260T

Protein Change: D87G, S83F, D87N, D87Y
Nucleotide Change: A261G, C249T, G260A, G260T
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1945

Sequence Analysis of Fluoroquinolone Resistance-Associated Genes gyrA and gyrB in Clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolates from Patients Suspected of Having Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis in New Delhi, India.

PMID 27335153 · 2016

Heterozygous mutations were observed in 4/27 (14.8%) mutations.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94A / c.A281C gyrA: p.D94G / c.A281G gyrA: p.S95A / c.A283G gyrA: p.A90V / c.C269T gyrA: p.D94N / c.G280A gyrA: p.D94Y / c.G280T gyrA: p.S91P / c.T271C

Protein Change: D94A, D94G, S95A, A90V, D94N, D94Y, S91P
Nucleotide Change: A281C, A281G, A283G, C269T, G280A, G280T, T271C
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1946

Whole-genome sequencing for surveillance of fluoroquinolone resistance in rifampicin-susceptible tuberculosis in a rural district of Shanghai: A 10-year retrospective study.

PMID 36187694 · 2022

Mutations in gyrA were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94A / c.A281C gyrA: p.D94G / c.A281G gyrA: p.T500N / c.C1501A gyrA: p.A90V / c.C269T gyrA: p.D94N / c.G280A gyrA: p.D94Y / c.G280T gyrA: p.S91P / c.T272C

Protein Change: D94A, D94G, T500N, A90V, D94N, D94Y, S91P
Nucleotide Change: A281C, A281G, C1501A, C269T, G280A, G280T, T272C
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1947

Diagnostic performance of the Sanity 2.0 assay to detect resistance to rifampicin, isoniazid, and fluoroquinolones in tuberculosis.

PMID 41369250 · 2026

Detected in discrepant cases where the assay identified resistance but WGS interpreted as susceptible.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94V / c.A281T gyrA: p.D89N / c.G266A

Protein Change: D94V, D89N
Nucleotide Change: A281T, G266A
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1948

Wild-Type and Non-Wild-Type Mycobacterium tuberculosis MIC Distributions for the Novel Fluoroquinolone Antofloxacin Compared with Those for Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin, and Moxifloxacin.

PMID 27324769 · 2016

This mutation does not confer resistance and was excluded from the analysis.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G / c.A282G gyrA: p.A90V / c.C270T gyrA: p.G88C / c.G263T gyrA: p.S95T / c.T284A

Protein Change: D94G, A90V, G88C, S95T
Nucleotide Change: A282G, C270T, G263T, T284A
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin|antofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1949

Effectiveness of sitafloxacin monotherapy for quinolone-resistant rectal and urogenital Mycoplasma genitalium infections: a prospective cohort study.

PMID 37376970 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D99G / c.A296G gyrA: p.G93C / c.G277T gyrA: p.M95I / c.G285T gyrA: p.D99N / c.G295A gyrA: p.D99Y / c.G295T

Protein Change: D99G, G93C, M95I, D99N, D99Y
Nucleotide Change: A296G, G277T, G285T, G295A, G295T
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1950

Mechanistic and Structural Basis for the Actions of the Antibacterial Gepotidacin against Staphylococcus aureus Gyrase.

PMID 30757898 · 2019

The Y123F mutation in GyrA was studied in the context of gepotidacin's mechanism of action.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.Y123F / c.A369T

Protein Change: Y123F
Nucleotide Change: A369T
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: structural studies with mutant GyrA
Source Database: Reslit

1951

Development of molecular assays for the rapid and cost-effective determination of fluoroquinolone, macrolide and lincosamide susceptibility of Mycoplasma synoviae isolates.

PMID 33125410 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.E189G / c.A566G

Protein Change: E189G
Nucleotide Change: A566G
Organisms: Mycoplasma synoviae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: melt-MAMA
Source Database: Reslit

1952

Rapid screening of fluoroquinolone resistance determinants in Streptococcus pneumoniae by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism and single-strand conformational polymorphism.

PMID 16517885 · 2006

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.A82T

Nucleotide Change: A82T
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR-RF-SSCP and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1953

Importance of the genetic diversity within the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex for the development of novel antibiotics and diagnostic tests of drug resistance.

PMID 23006760 · 2012

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.A90G gyrA: c.T80A

Nucleotide Change: A90G, T80A
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: experimental validation of resistance phenotype
Source Database: Reslit

1954

Whole genome sequencing of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates collected in the Czech Republic, 2005-2020.

PMID 35505072 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.A94A gyrA: c.A94G

Nucleotide Change: A94A, A94G
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing data
Source Database: Reslit

1955

Antimicrobial Resistance and Molecular Characterization of Citrobacter spp. Causing Extraintestinal Infections.

PMID 34513738 · 2021

Mutations in the quinolone resistance determining region of the gyrA gene

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T59I / c.ACG->ATA

Protein Change: T59I
Nucleotide Change: ACG->ATA
Organisms: Citrobacter freundii
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|norfloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1956

Phenotypic and genotypic characteristics of Neisseria meningitidis disease-causing strains in Argentina, 2010.

PMID 23483970 · 2013

Mutation associated with ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.ACG->ATC

Nucleotide Change: ACG->ATC
Organisms: Neisseria meningitidis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1957

The influence of reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi on the clinical response to ofloxacin therapy.

PMID 21713025 · 2011

Mutations in gyrA were associated with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L / c.AGC->CTC gyrA: p.G83R / c.G248C

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: AGC->CTC
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1958

Genotypic and phenotypic analyses of two distinct sets of Pseudomonas aeruginosa urinary tract isolates.

PMID 40013918 · 2025

associated with high-level resistance to fluoroquinolones

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, G83R
Nucleotide Change: AGC->CTC, G248C
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: mutagenesis in clinical isolates; whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1959

In Vitro Resistance Selection in Shigella flexneri by Azithromycin, Ceftriaxone, Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin, and Moxifloxacin.

PMID 28483960 · 2017

A gyrA mutant (Ser83Leu) with reduced fluoroquinolone susceptibility was isolated.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: AGC->CTC
Organisms: Shigella flexneri
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: mutant isolation and susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1960

Pefloxacin as a surrogate marker for quinolone susceptibility in Salmonella enterica serovars Typhi & Paratyphi A in India.

PMID 28948961 · 2017

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: AGC->CTC
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of topoisomerase genes
Source Database: Reslit

1961

Antimicrobial Resistance of Non-Typhoid Salmonella in Meat and Meat Products.

PMID 34441509 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84L / c.AGC->CTC

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: AGC->CTC
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: antimicrobial susceptibility testing and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1962

Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: community transmission, pathogenesis, and drug resistance.

PMID 20336341 · 2010

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S84L
Nucleotide Change: AGC->CTC
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: experimental validation
Source Database: Reslit

1963

Prediction of resistance development against drug combinations by collateral responses to component drugs.

PMID 25391482 · 2014

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: AGC->CTC
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: competition experiments and qPCR
Source Database: Reslit

1964

Genomic analysis of Escherichia coli strains isolated from diseased chicken in the Czech Republic.

PMID 32522212 · 2020

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: AGC->CTC
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Source Database: Reslit

1965

Variation in the response to antibiotics and life-history across the major Pseudomonas aeruginosa clone type (mPact) panel.

PMID 38860784 · 2024

Point mutation in quinolone-resistance determining region

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S87A / c.AGC->GCC

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: AGC->CTC
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1966

Otitis in a cat associated with Corynebacterium provencense.

PMID 29940943 · 2018

Mutation in gyrA gene associated with quinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S87A
Nucleotide Change: AGC->GCC
Organisms: Corynebacterium provencense
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and correlation with resistance phenotype
Source Database: Reslit

1967

Distinguishing importation from diversification of quinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae by molecular evolutionary analysis.

PMID 17543117 · 2007

Mutations in gyrA and parC were identified as determinants of quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S91F / c.AGC->TTC

Protein Change: S91F
Nucleotide Change: AGC->TTC
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of fragments of multiple housekeeping genes
Source Database: Reslit

1968

Molecular characterization of quinolone-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Brazil.

PMID 21976763 · 2011

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.AGC->TTT

Nucleotide Change: AGC->TTT
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: direct DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1969

In vitro activity of DC-159a, a new broad-spectrum fluoroquinolone, compared with that of other agents against drug-susceptible and -resistant pneumococci.

PMID 17938189 · 2008

Mutation detected in quinolone-resistant strains

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S81F / c.AGT -> TTC

Protein Change: S81F
Nucleotide Change: AGT -> TTC
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1970

Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Enteric Bacteria in Sub-Saharan Africa: Clones, Implications and Research Needs.

PMID 27148238 · 2016

Mutations in QRDR of gyrA and parC contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L / c.AGT->CTT

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: AGT->CTT
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1971

Molecular characterization of fluoroquinolone and/or cephalosporin resistance in Shigella sonnei isolates from yaks.

PMID 29879965 · 2018

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.AGT->CTT

Nucleotide Change: AGT->CTT
Organisms: Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1972

A predominant multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Saintpaul clonal line in German turkey and related food products.

PMID 20363784 · 2010

Mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.AGT->GAA

Nucleotide Change: AGT->GAA
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: PCR sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1973

Clinical and molecular characteristics of Chryseobacterium indologenes isolates at a teaching hospital in Shanghai, China.

PMID 33987366 · 2021

Mutations in GyrA contribute to quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83V / c.AGT->GTG gyrA: p.S83Y / c.AGT->TAT gyrA: p.D87G / c.GAT->GGT

Protein Change: S83V, S83Y, D87G
Nucleotide Change: AGT->GTG, AGT->TAT, GAT->GGT
Organisms: Chryseobacterium indologenes
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|ciprofloxacin|gatifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1974

Bloodstream and catheter-related infections due to different clones of multidrug-resistant and biofilm producer Corynebacterium striatum.

PMID 31357945 · 2019

Mutations in the QRDR region of the gyrA gene were identified through alignment of amino acid sequences.

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.AGT->GTG gyrA: c.AGT->TAT

Nucleotide Change: AGT->GTG, AGT->TAT
Organisms: Corynebacterium striatum
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1975

A retrospective investigation of the population structure and geospatial distribution of Salmonella Paratyphi A in Kathmandu, Nepal.

PMID 38889189 · 2024

Mutations in gyrA were associated with reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83Y / c.AGT->TAT gyrA: p.S83F / c.AGT->TTT gyrA: p.D87Y / c.G260T

Protein Change: S83Y, S83F, D87Y
Nucleotide Change: AGT->TAT, AGT->TTT, G260T
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolonesnalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: Sequencing and phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing; whole genome sequencing and phenotypic testing
Source Database: Reslit

1976

Emerging carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae sequence type 16 causing multiple outbreaks in a tertiary hospital in southern Vietnam.

PMID 33565955 · 2021

Mutations in gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F / c.AGT->TTT gyrA: p.D87N / c.G260A

Protein Change: S83F, D87N
Nucleotide Change: AGT->TTT, G260A
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1977

In Vitro Activity of Delafloxacin and Microbiological Response against Fluoroquinolone-Susceptible and Nonsusceptible Staphylococcus aureus Isolates from Two Phase 3 Studies of Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections.

PMID 28630189 · 2017

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84L / c.AGT->TTT

Protein Change: S84L
Nucleotide Change: AGT->TTT
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1978

Fluoroquinolone and other antimicrobial resistance in invasive pneumococci, Hong Kong, 1995-2001.

PMID 15324545 · 2004

Mutations in gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S81F / c.AGT->TTT

Protein Change: S81F
Nucleotide Change: AGT->TTT
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1979

CID12261165, a flavonoid compound as antibacterial agents against quinolone-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.

PMID 36720958 · 2023

Mutations in gyrA were associated with resistance to CID12261165 and levofloxacin.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.P36S / c.C108T gyrA: p.Q267P / c.C801T gyrA: p.G41A / c.G123C gyrA: p.S84L / c.G251T gyrA: p.E20L / c.G60T gyrA: p.V29I / c.G87A gyrA: p.S98I / c.T294A gyrA: p.L188S / c.T564A

Protein Change: P36S, Q267P, G41A, S84L, E20L, V29I, S98I, L188S
Nucleotide Change: C108T, C801T, G123C, G251T, G60T, G87A, T294A, T564A
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: DNA sequencing; MIC testing and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1980

Post-pandemic upsurge in Group A Streptococcus infections at an Italian tertiary university hospital.

PMID 40135916 · 2025

Isolate #30

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.H382S / c.C1145T

Protein Change: H382S
Nucleotide Change: C1145T
Organisms: Streptococcus pyogenes
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: targeted analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1981

Omadacycline Is Highly Active In Vitro against Mycoplasma genitalium.

PMID 36314935 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.P462S / c.C1384T gyrA: p.S83I / c.G248T

Protein Change: P462S, S83I
Nucleotide Change: C1384T, G248T
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1982

Evolutionary dynamics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis during anti-tuberculosis treatment

PMID 28424085 · 2023

Mutation emerged in patient 10 receiving fewer than four effective drugs

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.C1T

Nucleotide Change: C1T
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing and allele frequency tracking
Source Database: Reslit

1983

Fluoroquinolone-resistant pneumococci: dynamics of serotypes and clones in Spain in 2012 compared with those from 2002 and 2006.

PMID 24514095 · 2014

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S81F / c.C244T gyrA: p.E85K / c.GAG->AAA

Protein Change: S81F, E85K
Nucleotide Change: C244T, GAG->AAA
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1984

Distribution of bacteria and antimicrobial resistance in retail Nile tilapia (Oreochromis spp.) as potential sources of foodborne illness.

PMID 38564611 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.C248A

Nucleotide Change: C248A
Organisms: Salmonella spp.
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|oxolinic acid
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1985

Emergence of colistin resistance and characterization of antimicrobial resistance and virulence factors of Aeromonas hydrophila, Salmonella spp., and Vibrio cholerae isolated from hybrid red tilapia cage culture.

PMID 36855429 · 2023

Mutation in gyrA was identified in ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella isolates.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83Y / c.C248A

Protein Change: S83Y
Nucleotide Change: C248A
Organisms: Salmonella spp.
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|enrofloxacin|oxolinic acid
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1986

Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology of Salmonella Paratyphi A Isolated from Patients with Bacteremia in Nepal.

PMID 29016327 · 2017

All isolates had a same single mutation C248T in gyrA encoding Ser83Phe; however, no mutation was found in gyrB, parC, and parE.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F / c.C248T

Protein Change: S83F
Nucleotide Change: C248T
Organisms: Salmonella Paratyphi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|ofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

1987

Hidden Selection of Bacterial Resistance to Fluoroquinolones In Vivo: The Case of Legionella pneumophila and Humans.

PMID 26501115 · 2015

The gyrA83 mutation was detected in two patients (patients #2 and #4) during fluoroquinolone therapy.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T83I / c.C248T

Protein Change: T83I
Nucleotide Change: C248T
Organisms: Legionella pneumophila
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: next-generation deep-sequencing and qPCRgyrALp assay
Source Database: Reslit

1988

Pandemic fluoroquinolone resistant Escherichia coli clone ST1193 emerged via simultaneous homologous recombinations in 11 gene loci.

PMID 31262826 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L / c.C248T gyrA: p.D87N / c.G259A

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Nucleotide Change: C248T, G259A
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1989

Impact of extensive antibiotic treatment on faecal carriage of antibiotic-resistant enterobacteria in children in a low resistance prevalence setting.

PMID 29112974 · 2017

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.C248T gyrA: c.C87T gyrA: c.G260A gyrA: c.G87A

Nucleotide Change: C248T, C87T, G260A, G87A
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and phenotypic testing; genomic sequencing and phenotypic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

1990

Selection for Antimicrobial Resistance in Foodborne Pathogens through Exposure to UV Light and Nonthermal Atmospheric Plasma Decontamination Techniques.

PMID 32111590 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.P83S / c.C248T

Protein Change: P83S
Nucleotide Change: C248T
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1991

Characterization of NDM-5 Carbapenemase-Encoding Gene (bla (NDM-5)) - Positive Multidrug Resistant Commensal Escherichia coli from Diarrheal Patients.

PMID 35837541 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L / c.C248T

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: C248T
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1992

Genomic investigation unveils high-risk ESBL producing Enterobacteriaceae within a rural environmental water body.

PMID 38274946 · 2024

mutation in gyrA gene

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.C249A

Nucleotide Change: C249A
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1993

High-throughput automated microfluidic sample preparation for accurate microbial genomics.

PMID 28128213 · 2017

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T83I / c.C249T

Protein Change: T83I
Nucleotide Change: C249T
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: WGS and phenotypic susceptibility assays
Source Database: Reslit

1994

Antimicrobial resistance and population genomics of emerging multidrug-resistant Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:- in Guangdong, China.

PMID 38747582 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F / c.C249T gyrA: p.D87N / c.G260A gyrA: p.D87Y / c.G260T gyrA: p.S83Y / c.TCA->TAT

Protein Change: S83F, D87N, D87Y, S83Y
Nucleotide Change: C249T, G260A, G260T, TCA->TAT
Organisms: Salmonella 4,[5],12:i:-
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

1995

Induction of resistant mutants of Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi under ciprofloxacin selective pressure.

PMID 25027085 · 2014

Single mutation in gyrA gene at S83

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F / c.C249T

Protein Change: S83F
Nucleotide Change: C249T
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

1996

Antimicrobial resistance and genomic investigation of non-typhoidal Salmonella isolated from outpatients in Shaoxing city, China.

PMID 36176509 · 2022

Single and double mutations in the gene gyrA were observed

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L / c.C249T

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: C249T
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1997

Interplay Between the Phenotype and Genotype, and Efflux Pumps in Drug-Resistant Strains of Riemerella anatipestifer.

PMID 30327640 · 2018

Mutations in gyrA were associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83R / c.C250G gyrA: p.S83I / c.G249T gyrA: p.D87H / c.G260C

Protein Change: S83R, S83I, D87H
Nucleotide Change: C250G, G249T, G260C
Organisms: Riemerella anatipestifer
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

1998

Pseudomonas aeruginosa chronic infections in patients with bronchiectasis: a silent reservoir of carbapenemase-producing epidemic high-risk clones.

PMID 40201539 · 2025

associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T83I / c.C250T

Protein Change: T83I
Nucleotide Change: C250T
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

1999

Genomic Insights of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli Isolated from Intensive Pig Farming in South Africa Using 'Farm-to-Fork' Approach.

PMID 40426513 · 2025

Confers resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L / c.C250T

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: C250T
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2000

Long-term dissemination of CTX-M-5-producing hypermutable Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium sequence type 328 strains in Russia, Belarus, and Kazakhstan.

PMID 24957829 · 2014

Mutations in gyrA QRDR confer resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.C250T gyrA: c.C262T gyrA: c.T263C

Nucleotide Change: C250T, C262T, T263C
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2001

Transmission of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus spp. from Infected Dogs to the Home Environment and Owners.

PMID 35625281 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84L / c.C251T

Protein Change: S84L
Nucleotide Change: C251T
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin
Validation Method: Blast analysis
Source Database: Reslit

2002

Characterization of the emerging zoonotic pathogen Arcobacter thereius by whole genome sequencing and comparative genomics.

PMID 28671965 · 2017

Mutations in gyrA are associated with ciprofloxacin resistance in Arcobacter species.

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.C254A gyrA: c.C254T

Nucleotide Change: C254A, C254T
Organisms: Arcobacter thereius
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: detected in strain 11743-4; detected in strains DU22, 440, 452
Source Database: Reslit

2003

Antimicrobial Resistance and in silico Virulence Profiling of Aliarcobacter butzleri Strains From German Water Poultry.

PMID 33381106 · 2020

Point mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR)

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.C254T

Nucleotide Change: C254T
Organisms: Aliarcobacter butzleri
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genotype-phenotype correlation
Source Database: Reslit

2004

Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in human stool samples: antibiotic resistance profiles, putative virulence determinants and molecular characterization of the isolates.

PMID 37874390 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.C256T

Nucleotide Change: C256T
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: MAMA-PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2005

Distribution of CRISPR Types in Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Campylobacter jejuni Isolates.

PMID 33809410 · 2021

Mutations in the QRDR of gyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance in C. jejuni.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T86K / c.C257A gyrA: p.T86A / c.C257G gyrA: p.T86V / c.C257G gyrA: p.T86I / c.C257T gyrA: p.D90N / c.G269A gyrA: p.D90Y / c.G269C

Protein Change: T86K, T86A, T86V, T86I, D90N, D90Y
Nucleotide Change: C257A, C257G, C257T, G269A, G269C
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2006

Multiplex strategy for multilocus sequence typing, fla typing, and genetic determination of antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolates collected in Switzerland.

PMID 19439549 · 2009

mutation in gyrA confers quinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S86L / c.C257T

Protein Change: S86L
Nucleotide Change: C257T
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

2007

Genomic analysis of the diversity, antimicrobial resistance and virulence potential of clinical Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli strains from Chile.

PMID 33606689 · 2021

This mutation confers high levels of resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Nucleotide Change: C257T
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequence alignment
Source Database: Reslit

2008

Genomic Analysis and Antimicrobial Resistance of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli in Peru.

PMID 35087501 · 2021

Both mutations were found in C. jejuni and C. coli.

Mutation Information

Nucleotide Change: C257T
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2009

Emergence of a Potent Multidrug Efflux Pump Variant That Enhances Campylobacter Resistance to Multiple Antibiotics.

PMID 27651364 · 2016

The C257T mutation in gyrA enhances fluoroquinolone resistance when combined with RE-cmeABC.

Mutation Information

Nucleotide Change: C257T
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: MAMA-PCR
Source Database: Reslit

2010

Ongoing Outbreak of Extensively Drug-Resistant Campylobacter jejuni Infections Associated With US Pet Store Puppies, 2016-2020.

PMID 34524434 · 2021

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Nucleotide Change: C257T
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

2011

Genomic Characterization of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Thermophilic Campylobacter Strains Isolated from Layer Chicken Feces in Gangneung, South Korea by Whole-Genome Sequencing.

PMID 34440305 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S86L / c.C257T

Protein Change: S86L
Nucleotide Change: C257T
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2012

Population Genetics and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of Canine Campylobacter Isolates Collected before and after a Raw Feeding Experiment.

PMID 26172151 · 2015

Point mutation C257T in gyrA leads to Thr-86-Met substitution, causing reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid.

Mutation Information

Nucleotide Change: C257T
Organisms: Campylobacter upsaliensis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

2013

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiles of Human Campylobacter jejuni Isolates and Association with Phylogenetic Lineages.

PMID 27199922 · 2016

Point mutations in gyrA confer resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

Nucleotide Change: C257T
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: point mutation identified in 47 strains relative to the ATCC 33560 C. jejuni strain
Source Database: Reslit

2014

Genotypes and antibiotic resistances of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from cattle and pigeons in dairy farms.

PMID 25026083 · 2014

The C257T mutation in the gyrA gene leads to quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S86L / c.C257T

Protein Change: S86L
Nucleotide Change: C257T
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: sequencing of gyrA gene fragment
Source Database: Reslit

2015

Investigating the host specificity of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli by sequencing gyrase subunit A.

PMID 25163418 · 2014

The Thr86Ile substitution in gyrA is associated with quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Nucleotide Change: C257T
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: sequencing and analysis of gyrA alleles
Source Database: Reslit

2016

Phenotypic and Genotypic Examination of Antimicrobial Resistance in Thermophilic Campylobacter Species Isolated from Poultry in Turkey.

PMID 30729203 · 2018

Mutation in DNA gyrase subunit A responsible for quinolone resistance

Mutation Information

Nucleotide Change: C257T
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: MAMA-PCR
Source Database: Reslit

2017

Genomic Insights into the Increased Occurrence of Campylobacteriosis Caused by Antimicrobial-Resistant Campylobacter coli.

PMID 36472434 · 2022

Mutation Information

Nucleotide Change: C257T
Organisms: Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: ResFinder v. 3.0
Source Database: Reslit

2018

Prevalence, genomic characterization and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter spp. isolates in pets in Shenzhen, China.

PMID 37323906 · 2023

Mutation Information

Protein Change: T86I
Nucleotide Change: C257T
Organisms: Campylobacter upsaliensis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

2019

Genetic characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility, and virulence genes distribution of Campylobacter isolated from local dual-purpose chickens in central China.

PMID 37743858 · 2023

Mutation Information

Nucleotide Change: C257T
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2020

Should We Consider Them as a Threat? Antimicrobial Resistance, Virulence Potential and Genetic Diversity of Campylobacter spp. Isolated from Varsovian Dogs.

PMID 35884218 · 2022

Mutation Information

Nucleotide Change: C257T
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter upsaliensis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing of gyrA gene
Source Database: Reslit

2021

Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter species in shelter-housed healthy and diarrheic cats and dogs in Turkey.

PMID 37990962 · 2024

The Thr-86-Ile mutation was the most common change detected in the gyrA gene in the quinolone-resistant isolates.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A94V / c.C282T gyrA: p.S95F / c.C285T

Nucleotide Change: C257T
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: Sanger sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2022

Antimicrobial resistance of Campylobacter isolates from small scale and backyard chicken in Kenya.

PMID 27570543 · 2016

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.C258T

Nucleotide Change: C258T
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: MAMA-PCR and PCR-RFLP
Source Database: Reslit

2023

Antimicrobial resistance and interspecies gene transfer in Campylobacter coli and Campylobacter jejuni isolated from food animals, poultry processing, and retail meat in North Carolina, 2018-2019.

PMID 33571292 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.C258T

Nucleotide Change: C258T
Organisms: Campylobacter coli, Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Effect on Function: reduces the affinity of fluoroquinolone antibiotics to bind to the enzyme
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

2024

Campylobacter antimicrobial resistance in Peru: a ten-year observational study.

PMID 22898609 · 2012

Mutations in gyrA gene confer resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S87L / c.C262T

Protein Change: S87L
Nucleotide Change: C262T
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

2025

Bimodal Actions of a Naphthyridone/Aminopiperidine-Based Antibacterial That Targets Gyrase and Topoisomerase IV.

PMID 31617352 · 2019

Mutation in GyrA (A90V) confers resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V / c.C270T

Protein Change: A90V
Nucleotide Change: C270T
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Bacillus anthracis, Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: enzymatic assay
Source Database: Reslit

2026

Commensal antimicrobial resistance mediates microbiome resilience to antibiotic disruption.

PMID 38232140 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.C272A

Nucleotide Change: C272A
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: structural modeling
Source Database: Reslit

2027

A comprehensive evaluation of a novel targeted-sequencing workflow for Mycobacterium species identification and anti-tuberculosis drug-resistance detection.

PMID 40552123 · 2025

some strains with gyrA mutations showed phenotypical susceptibility

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A94V, S95F
Nucleotide Change: C282T, C285T
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: comparison with WGS
Source Database: Reslit

2028

Genetic characterisation of a subset of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from clinical and poultry sources in Ireland.

PMID 33690659 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.R285K / c.C854T

Protein Change: R285K
Nucleotide Change: C854T
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2029

Genetic diversity and quinolone resistance in Campylobacter jejuni isolates from poultry in Senegal.

PMID 16672471 · 2006

Mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region of gyrA

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.C86T

Nucleotide Change: C86T
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2030

Prevalence, species diversity, and antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter strains in patients with diarrhea and poultry meat samples: one-year prospective study.

PMID 37124858 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.C87T

Nucleotide Change: C87T
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2031

MUBII-TB-DB: a database of mutations associated with antibiotic resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 24731071 · 2014

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S32N / c.C95T

Protein Change: S32N
Nucleotide Change: C95T
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: systematic review of literature
Source Database: Reslit

2032

Unraveling the adaptive strategies of Mycoplasma hominis through proteogenomic profiling of clinical isolates.

PMID 38756231 · 2024

Mutations in GyrA are associated with reduced susceptibility to ofloxacin in clinical isolates.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.R79K / c.CGG->AAA gyrA: p.E272K / c.G815A

Protein Change: R79K, E272K
Nucleotide Change: CGG->AAA, G815A
Organisms: Mycoplasma hominis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: amino acid substitution analysis
Source Database: Reslit

2033

Genomic Analysis of Multidrug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Strains From Patients in Kazakhstan.

PMID 34858467 · 2021

Mutations found in all eight MDR-TB isolates.

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.G2005A gyrA: c.G63C gyrA: c.T285A

Nucleotide Change: G2005A, G63C, T285A
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2034

Mutators can drive the evolution of multi-resistance to antibiotics.

PMID 37311005 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D72G / c.G215A

Protein Change: D72G
Nucleotide Change: G215A
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2035

BWC0977, a broad-spectrum antibacterial clinical candidate to treat multidrug resistant infections.

PMID 39294149 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D79N / c.G235A

Protein Change: D79N
Nucleotide Change: G235A
Organisms: E. coli, P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing of resistant colonies
Source Database: Reslit

2036

Susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae to fluoroquinolones in Canada.

PMID 21628545 · 2011

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.G242A

Nucleotide Change: G242A
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing of QRDRs
Source Database: Reslit

2037

Clinical characteristics and molecular epidemiology of invasive Streptococcus agalactiae infections between 2007 and 2016 in Nara, Japan.

PMID 33075112 · 2020

double mutations in gyrA and parC

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.G242T

Nucleotide Change: G242T
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2038

Reactive Oxygen Species Contribute to the Bactericidal Effects of the Fluoroquinolone Moxifloxacin in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 26525786 · 2016

Mutation in gyrA (S81F) was identified in strain T2, which shows increased resistance to moxifloxacin.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S81F / c.G242T

Protein Change: S81F
Nucleotide Change: G242T
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: analysis of mutant strains
Source Database: Reslit

2039

Dynamics of Long-Term Colonization of Respiratory Tract by Haemophilus influenzae in Cystic Fibrosis Patients Shows a Marked Increase in Hypermutable Strains.

PMID 15070988 · 2004

Mutations in gyrA were associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.G244C

Nucleotide Change: G244C
Organisms: Haemophilus influenzae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

2040

Quinolones induce partial or total loss of pathogenicity islands in uropathogenic Escherichia coli by SOS-dependent or -independent pathways, respectively.

PMID 16436722 · 2006

Mutation in gyrA gene was observed in nonhemolytic isolates with increased ciprofloxacin MIC.

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.G247A

Nucleotide Change: G247A
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2041

Genetic Diversity, Distribution, and Genomic Characterization of Antibiotic Resistance and Virulence of Clinical Pseudomonas aeruginosa Strains in Kenya.

PMID 35369511 · 2022

Mutations in gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T83I / c.G248A

Protein Change: T83I
Nucleotide Change: G248A
Organisms: Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2042

Efficacy and potential for resistance selection of antipseudomonal treatments in a mouse model of lung infection by hypermutable Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

PMID 16495260 · 2006

GyrA Thr-83-Ile mutation was observed in in vitro and in vivo ciprofloxacin-resistant mutants.

Mutation Information

Nucleotide Change: G248A
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: characterization of in vitro and in vivo antibiotic-resistant mutants
Source Database: Reslit

2043

Vibrio cholerae O47 associated with a cholera-like diarrheal outbreak concurrent with seasonal cholera in Bangladesh.

PMID 40172221 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.G248A gyrA: c.G248T gyrA: c.G261A gyrA: c.G261T

Nucleotide Change: G248A
Organisms: Vibrio cholerae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: mutation detection in resistant isolates
Source Database: Reslit

2044

Emergence of antibiotic resistance from multinucleated bacterial filaments.

PMID 25492931 · 2015

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83A / c.G248A

Protein Change: S83A
Nucleotide Change: G248A
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: targeted genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2045

Determining antimicrobial susceptibility in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium through whole genome sequencing: a comparison against multiple phenotypic susceptibility testing methods.

PMID 31266463 · 2019

Mutation Information

Nucleotide Change: G248A, G248T, G261A, G261T
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and phenotypic ASTs
Source Database: Reslit

2046

Commonality of Multidrug-Resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae ST348 Isolates in Horses and Humans in Portugal.

PMID 31379799 · 2019

Present in isolates C1685 and Kp56

Mutation Information

Nucleotide Change: G248A
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

2047

Genome-based assessment of antimicrobial resistance reveals the lineage specificity of resistance and resistance gene profiles in Riemerella anatipestifer from China.

PMID 38169285 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83I / c.G248A

Protein Change: S83I
Nucleotide Change: G248A
Organisms: Riemerella anatipestifer
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: identification of resistance mutations
Source Database: Reslit

2048

Detection of Chromosomal and Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Among Escherichia coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infection Cases; Zagazig University Hospitals, Egypt.

PMID 32104013 · 2020

Mutations at Ser-83 and Asp-87 in the gyrA gene were detected in 76.7% of isolates.

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.G248T gyrA: c.G260A

Nucleotide Change: G248A
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR-RFLP
Source Database: Reslit

2049

Genomic surveillance for multidrug-resistant or hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae among United States bloodstream isolates.

PMID 35799130 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G83R / c.G248C

Protein Change: G83R
Nucleotide Change: G248C
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: mutation detection and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

2050

Ciprofloxacin-resistant Salmonella enterica Serotype Typhi, United States, 1999-2008.

PMID 21749779 · 2011

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83Y / c.G248T

Protein Change: S83Y
Nucleotide Change: G248T
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2051

Phylogenomics and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella Typhi and Paratyphi A, B and C in England, 2016-2019.

PMID 34370659 · 2021

Mutations in gyrA contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Nucleotide Change: G248T, G260A
Organisms: Salmonella Typhi
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

2052

Unraveling Antimicrobial Resistance Dynamics in Mycoplasma gallisepticum: Insights Into Antibiotic and Disinfectant Interactions.

PMID 39792050 · 2025

Mutations in gyrA lead to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Nucleotide Change: G248T
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin|difloxacin|flumequine
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2053

Diversity of Sequence Types and Impact of Fitness Cost among Carbapenem-Resistant Acinetobacter baumannii Isolates from Tripoli, Libya.

PMID 34097495 · 2021

Mutation Information

Nucleotide Change: G248T
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

2054

Comparative genomic analysis of Acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates reveals extensive genomic variation and diverse antibiotic resistance determinants.

PMID 25534766 · 2014

Mutation Information

Nucleotide Change: G248T
Organisms: Acinetobacter baumannii
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: presence in MDR strains
Source Database: Reslit

2055

A high-resolution genomic analysis of multidrug-resistant hospital outbreaks of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

PMID 25712531 · 2015

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83F / c.G248T

Protein Change: S83F
Nucleotide Change: G248T
Organisms: Klebsiella pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: detection in outbreak lineage 1 isolates
Source Database: Reslit

2056

Outbreak of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Shigella sonnei Associated with Travel to Vietnam, Republic of Korea.

PMID 26079171 · 2015

Mutation GyrA(S83L)

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L / c.G248T

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: G248T
Organisms: Shigella sonnei
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

2057

A Comprehensive Account of Escherichia coli Sequence Type 131 in Wastewater Reveals an Abundance of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Clade A Strains.

PMID 31811043 · 2020

Mutations in gyrA were identified in clade A strains, contributing to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L / c.G248T

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: G248T
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

2058

Multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli causing canine pyometra and urinary tract infections are genetically related but distinct from those causing prostatic abscesses.

PMID 38782931 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L / c.G248T gyrA: p.D87N / c.G260A

Nucleotide Change: G248T
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

2059

Variant O89 O-Antigen of E. coli Is Associated With Group 1 Capsule Loci and Multidrug Resistance.

PMID 30233517 · 2018

Mutations in gyrA contribute to quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Nucleotide Change: G248T, G260A
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|enrofloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: In silico analysis and previous reports
Source Database: Reslit

2060

Genotypic antimicrobial resistance assays for use on E. coli isolates and stool specimens.

PMID 31075137 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.G248T gyrA: c.G260A

Nucleotide Change: G248T, G260A
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and phenotypic AST
Source Database: Reslit

2061

Genetic characterization of ESBL-producing and ciprofloxacin-resistant Escherichia coli from Belgian broilers and pigs.

PMID 37089550 · 2023

Mutations in QRDR of gyrA and parC were found in all ciproR-E. coli.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L / c.G248T gyrA: p.D87N / c.G260A

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Nucleotide Change: G248T, G260A
Confers Resistance To: enrofloxacin|moxifloxacinciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|enrofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

2062

Antimicrobial Resistance in Swine Fecal Specimens Across Different Farm Management Systems.

PMID 32625181 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.G249A gyrA: c.T239C

Nucleotide Change: G248T
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genotyping and susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

2063

Emerging nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin resistance in non-typhoidal Salmonella isolated from patients having acute diarrhoeal disease.

PMID 15387492 · 2004

Mutations in gyrA were associated with quinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L / c.G249A

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: G249A
Organisms: non-typhoidal Salmonella
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

2064

Emergence of Resistance to Quinolones and β-Lactam Antibiotics in Enteroaggregative and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Causing Traveler's Diarrhea.

PMID 30478165 · 2019

Mutation Information

Nucleotide Change: G249A, T239C
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

2065

Multi-drug resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi isolates with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin in Kenya.

PMID 30428828 · 2018

Mutation in gyrA was associated with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.G249A

Nucleotide Change: G249A
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC test
Source Database: Reslit

2066

Clinical response and outcome of infection with Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones: a United States FoodNet multicenter retrospective cohort study.

PMID 18212096 · 2008

Mutations in gyrA were associated with decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.G249T

Nucleotide Change: G249T
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2067

Phylogroup stability contrasts with high within sequence type complex dynamics of Escherichia coli bloodstream infection isolates over a 12-year period.

PMID 33952335 · 2021

associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L / c.G249T

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: G249T
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: searched for point mutation responsible for fluroquinolone (gyrA/B, parC/E) resistance
Source Database: Reslit

2068

Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of ESBL-, AmpC-, and Carbapenemase-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae and High-Risk Escherichia coli CC131, with the First Report of ST1193 as a Causative Agent of Urinary Tract Infections in Human Patients in Algeria.

PMID 40426551 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.G249T gyrA: c.G260A

Nucleotide Change: G249T, G260A
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

2069

Ciprofloxacin Pharmacokinetics/Pharmacodynamics against Susceptible and Low-Level Resistant Escherichia coli Isolates in an Experimental Ascending Urinary Tract Infection Model in Mice.

PMID 33106267 · 2020

Mutation in gyrA contributes to low-level resistance to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L / c.G249T

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: G249T
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: experimental validation
Source Database: Reslit

2070

Evolutionary Instability of Collateral Susceptibility Networks in Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Clinical Escherichia coli Strains.

PMID 35862779 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L / c.G249T

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: G249T
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2071

Genetic diversity and multidrug resistance of phylogenic groups B2 and D in InPEC and ExPEC isolated from chickens in Central China.

PMID 35180845 · 2022

Mutations in gyrA confer resistance to quinolones.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L / c.G250T gyrA: p.D87N / c.G261A

Protein Change: S83L, D87N
Nucleotide Change: G250T, G261A
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|enrofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: detection in quinolone-resistant isolates
Source Database: Reslit

2072

Healthcare- and Community-Associated Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Fatal Pneumonia with Pediatric Deaths in Krasnoyarsk, Siberian Russia: Unique MRSA's Multiple Virulence Factors, Genome, and Stepwise Evolution.

PMID 26047024 · 2015

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84L / c.G251T

Protein Change: S84L
Nucleotide Change: G251T
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

2073

In Vitro Activity and Microbiological Efficacy of Gepotidacin from a Phase 2, Randomized, Multicenter, Dose-Ranging Study in Patients with Acute Bacterial Skin and Skin Structure Infections.

PMID 31818823 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84L / c.G251T

Protein Change: S84L
Nucleotide Change: G251T
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: PCR and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2074

Phenotypic and genomic analysis of the hypervirulent ST22 methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in China.

PMID 37184650 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S84L / c.G251T

Protein Change: S84L
Nucleotide Change: G251T
Organisms: Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

2075

Fitness of Streptococcus pneumoniae fluoroquinolone-resistant strains with topoisomerase IV recombinant genes.

PMID 18160515 · 2008

Mutation in gyrA contributes to fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.E85K / c.G253A

Protein Change: E85K
Nucleotide Change: G253A
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: transformation and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

2076

Nonoptimal DNA topoisomerases allow maintenance of supercoiling levels and improve fitness of Streptococcus pneumoniae.

PMID 21173181 · 2011

The wild-type gyrA gene does not confer resistance on its own, but mutations in it contribute to fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.E85K / c.G254A

Protein Change: E85K
Nucleotide Change: G254A
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: enzymatic assays and supercoiling level analysis
Source Database: Reslit

2077

Changes in emm types and superantigen gene content of Streptococcus pyogenes causing invasive infections in Portugal.

PMID 31792274 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.E85K / c.G255A

Protein Change: E85K
Nucleotide Change: G255A
Organisms: Streptococcus pyogenes
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2078

Antibiotic resistance, plasmids, and virulence-associated markers in human strains of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli isolated in Italy.

PMID 38260875 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.G257G gyrA: c.G257T gyrA: c.G268A

Nucleotide Change: G257G, G257T, G268A
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: in silico analysis
Source Database: Reslit

2079

Multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serovar Infantis, Israel.

PMID 21029536 · 2010

associated with nalidixic acid resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87Y / c.G259T

Protein Change: D87Y
Nucleotide Change: G259T
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid
Validation Method: determined the gyrA sequence from 6 recent naladixic acid–resistant and 4 naladixic acid–sensitive isolates
Source Database: Reslit

2080

Ongoing diversification of the global fish pathogen Piscirickettsia salmonis through genetic isolation and transposition bursts.

PMID 37853183 · 2023

Mutation leads to ciprofloxacin resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87Y / c.G259T

Protein Change: D87Y
Nucleotide Change: G259T
Organisms: Piscirickettsia salmonis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing and phylogenetic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

2081

Pandemic one health clones of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae producing CTX-M-14, CTX-M-27, CTX-M-55 and CTX-M-65 ESβLs among companion animals in northern Ecuador.

PMID 39840255 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87N / c.G260A

Protein Change: D87N
Nucleotide Change: G260A
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|enrofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

2082

Modification of Enrofloxacin Treatment Regimens for Poultry Experimentally Infected with Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium DT104 to Minimize Selection of Resistance

PMID 17030564 · 2006

Mutations in gyrA were associated with reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and resistance to nalidixic acid.

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.G260A

Nucleotide Change: G260A
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: denaturing HPLC
Source Database: Reslit

2083

Population snapshot of the extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli invasive strains isolated from a Hungarian hospital.

PMID 35144632 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87N / c.G260A gyrA: p.S83L / c.TCC->CTC

Protein Change: D87N, S83L
Nucleotide Change: G260A, TCC->CTC
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

2084

No evidence of multidrug-resistant Enterobacterales transmission between healthy companion animals and pet owners in the greater Atlanta area: a pilot study.

PMID 41059698 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87N / c.G260A gyrA: p.S83L / c.TCC->CTC

Protein Change: D87N, S83L
Nucleotide Change: G260A, TCC->CTC
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: Whole-genome sequencing and phenotypic resistance testing
Source Database: Reslit

2085

Compatibility of Evolutionary Responses to Constituent Antibiotics Drive Resistance Evolution to Drug Pairs.

PMID 33480997 · 2021

Mutations in gyrA were observed in isolates evolved to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.G260A gyrA: c.GCT->CTT

Nucleotide Change: G260A, GCT->CTT
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

2086

Antimicrobial resistance and genomic characterization of Salmonella enterica serovar Senftenberg isolates in production animals from the United States.

PMID 36406424 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87N / c.G260A

Protein Change: D87N
Nucleotide Change: G260A
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

2087

Population dynamics and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella Derby ST40 from Shenzhen, China.

PMID 36605513 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.G260A gyrA: c.GAT->TTT

Nucleotide Change: G260A, GAT->TTT
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Source Database: Reslit

2088

Whole-genome sequencing of Shigella for surveillance purposes shows (inter)national relatedness and multidrug resistance in isolates from men who have sex with men.

PMID 37022322 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.G260A

Nucleotide Change: G260A
Organisms: Shigella sonnei, Shigella flexneri
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2089

Microbiological, clinical and molecular findings of non-typhoidal Salmonella bloodstream infections associated with malaria, Oriental Province, Democratic Republic of the Congo.

PMID 27286886 · 2016

Detected in Salmonella Typhimurium isolate with decreased ciprofloxacin susceptibility.

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.G260A

Nucleotide Change: G260A
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2090

Characterization of a Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium lineage with rough colony morphology and multidrug resistance.

PMID 39033143 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87N / c.G260A gyrA: p.D87Y / c.G260T

Protein Change: D87N, D87Y
Nucleotide Change: G260A, G260T
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: experimental validation
Source Database: Reslit

2091

Antibiotic resistance among Escherichia coli and Salmonella isolated from dairy cattle feces in Texas.

PMID 33961628 · 2021

confers resistance to quinolones

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.G260T

Nucleotide Change: G260T
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2092

Prevalence of Salmonella Isolates and Their Distribution Based on Whole-Genome Sequence in a Chicken Slaughterhouse in Jiangsu, China.

PMID 32154275 · 2020

Mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87Y / c.G260T

Protein Change: D87Y
Nucleotide Change: G260T
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing and antimicrobial susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

2093

Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Non-typhoidal Salmonella From Retail Meat Products in California, 2018.

PMID 35369434 · 2022

Mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA confers resistance to nalidixic acid and reduced susceptibility to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87Y / c.G260T

Protein Change: D87Y
Nucleotide Change: G260T
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: detection via WGS and phenotypic testing
Source Database: Reslit

2094

Antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter jejuni isolates from wild birds in Sweden.

PMID 15870331 · 2005

A point mutation in the gyrA gene was associated with resistance to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S87L / c.G261A

Protein Change: S87L
Nucleotide Change: G261A
Organisms: Campylobacter jejuni
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

2095

The genetic background of antibiotic resistance among clinical uropathogenic Escherichia coli strains.

PMID 30008141 · 2018

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.G261A gyrA: c.TCA->CTA

Nucleotide Change: G261A, TCA->CTA
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|norfloxacin|ofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2096

Antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence markers and prophage sequences in Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis isolated in Tunisia using whole genome sequencing.

PMID 35909609 · 2022

Mutations in gyrA gene confer resistance to nalidixic acid and pefloxacin.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87N / c.G261A gyrA: p.D87T / c.G261A gyrA: p.S83Y / c.T249A gyrA: p.S83F / c.T249C

Protein Change: D87N, D87T, S83Y, S83F
Nucleotide Change: G261A, T249A, T249C
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|pefloxacin
Validation Method: genomic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

2097

Antibiotic Resistance Trends in Enteropathogenic Bacteria Isolated in 1985-1987 and 1995-1998 in Barcelona.

PMID 10770742 · 2000

Mutations in gyrA were associated with quinolone resistance in Campylobacter jejuni.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S87L / c.G261T

Protein Change: S87L
Nucleotide Change: G261T
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: disk diffusion and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

2098

Novel approach to mapping of resistance mutations in whole genomes by using restriction enzyme modulation of transformation efficiency.

PMID 15980348 · 2005

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D88Y / c.G262T

Protein Change: D88Y
Nucleotide Change: G262T
Organisms: Haemophilus influenzae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: transformation and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2099

Epistasis between antibiotic resistance mutations drives the evolution of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis.

PMID 24481187 · 2013

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G88C / c.G263T gyrA: p.D94G / c.G281A gyrA: p.D94Y / c.G281C gyrA: p.D94N / c.G281T

Protein Change: G88C, D94G, D94Y, D94N
Nucleotide Change: G263T, G281A, G281C, G281T
Organisms: Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2100

Whole-genome sequencing reveals transmission pattern and drug resistance of Mycobacterium tuberculosis intra- or inter-hosts.

PMID 39906217 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V / c.G268T gyrA: p.D94A / c.G280A gyrA: p.D94N / c.G280A gyrA: p.D94G / c.G280C

Protein Change: A90V, D94A, D94N, D94G
Nucleotide Change: G268T, G280A, G280C
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: molecular drug susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

2101

Whole Genome Sequencing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis under routine conditions in a high-burden area of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Peru.

PMID 38861531 · 2024

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V / c.G269T gyrA: p.D94N / c.G282A gyrA: p.D94A / c.G282A gyrA: p.D94G / c.G282A

Protein Change: A90V, D94N, D94A, D94G
Nucleotide Change: G269T, G282A
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin|levofloxacin
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2102

Anti-tuberculosis drug resistance in Slovakia, 2018-2019: The first whole-genome epidemiological study.

PMID 35005254 · 2022

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.G270A gyrA: c.G280A gyrA: c.G280T

Nucleotide Change: G270A, G280A, G280T
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genotypic drug susceptibility testing (gDST)
Source Database: Reslit

2103

Molecular characterization and prevalence of antibiotic resistance in Helicobacter pylori isolates in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

PMID 31632095 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D91Y / c.G271T

Protein Change: D91Y
Nucleotide Change: G271T
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2104

Alternative eradication regimens for Helicobacter pylori infection in Indonesian regions with high metronidazole and levofloxacin resistance.

PMID 30774400 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D91N / c.G272A

Protein Change: D91N
Nucleotide Change: G272A
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: next-generation sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2105

Resistance to quinolones in mycobacteria

PMID 8761723 · 1996

Mutations in gyrA are associated with quinolone resistance in mycobacteria.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D91N / c.G273A gyrA: p.S83L / c.GCT->TTT gyrA: p.D94E / c.T284A gyrA: p.S90F / c.TCA->TTC

Protein Change: D91N, S83L, D94E, S90F
Nucleotide Change: G273A, GCT->TTT, T284A, TCA->TTC
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing of PCR-amplified DNA
Source Database: Reslit

2106

Molecular Characterization of Markers Associated With Antimicrobial Resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae Identified From Residual Clinical Samples.

PMID 29465687 · 2018

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.G273A

Nucleotide Change: G273A
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: real-time PCR detection of QRDR mutations
Source Database: Reslit

2107

Globally diverse Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance acquisition: a retrospective geographical and temporal analysis of whole genome sequences.

PMID 33912853 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G / c.G280A

Protein Change: D94G
Nucleotide Change: G280A
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole_genome_sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2108

Translating drug resistant tuberculosis treatment guidelines to reality in war-torn Kandahar, Afghanistan: A retrospective cohort study.

PMID 32822375 · 2020

Mutations in gyrA were identified in 7 (24.1%) of patients.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.E94K / c.G280A gyrA: p.S95T / c.T283C

Protein Change: E94K, S95T
Nucleotide Change: G280A, T283C
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2109

c-di-AMP signaling plays important role in determining antibiotic tolerance phenotypes of Mycobacterium smegmatis.

PMID 35907936 · 2022

Mutation in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA leads to ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94N / c.G280A

Protein Change: D94N
Nucleotide Change: G280A
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2110

Multidrug-resistant toxigenic Corynebacterium diphtheriae sublineage 453 with two novel resistance genomic islands.

PMID 36748453 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94Y / c.G280T gyrA: p.S90F / c.T268C

Protein Change: D94Y, S90F
Nucleotide Change: G280T, T268C
Organisms: Corynebacterium diphtheriae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequence analysis
Source Database: Reslit

2111

In vivo validation of the mutant selection window hypothesis with moxifloxacin in a murine model of tuberculosis.

PMID 17938193 · 2007

Detected in mice treated with 0.25% MXF

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94N / c.G281A

Protein Change: D94N
Nucleotide Change: G281A
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing of resistant isolates
Source Database: Reslit

2112

Mycoplasma genitalium Antimicrobial Resistance in Community and Sexual Health Clinic Patients, Auckland, New Zealand.

PMID 31961302 · 2020

Mutations in gyrA at codon 95 were detected in 6 patients, 5 of whom were SHC attendees.

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.G285A gyrA: c.G285T

Nucleotide Change: G285A, G285T
Organisms: Mycoplasma genitalium
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2113

Virulence, antimicrobial resistance and phylogenetic analysis of zoonotic walking pneumonia Mycoplasma arginini in the one-humped camel (Camelus dromedarius).

PMID 32330451 · 2020

The study found that the quinolone resistance genes parC and gyrA were not detected by PCR in the 48 M. arginini isolates.

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.G295A

Nucleotide Change: G295A
Organisms: Mycoplasma arginini
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2114

Integrating informatics tools and portable sequencing technology for rapid detection of resistance to anti-tuberculous drugs.

PMID 31234910 · 2019

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.G332A

Nucleotide Change: G332A
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing and drug susceptibility testing
Source Database: Reslit

2115

Phenotypic Antimicrobial Susceptibility and Genotypic Characterization of Clinical Ureaplasma Isolates Circulating in Shanghai, China.

PMID 34690966 · 2021

Found in 1 FQ-resistant UPA isolate.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.V120F / c.G359T

Protein Change: V120F
Nucleotide Change: G359T
Organisms: Ureaplasma parvum
Confers Resistance To: lev
Validation Method: PCR/DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2116

A molecular platform for the diagnosis of multidrug-resistant and pre-extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis based on single nucleotide polymorphism mutations present in Colombian isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

PMID 26841047 · 2016

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.G61A gyrA: c.G61G gyrA: c.G74C gyrA: c.G74G gyrA: c.G94A gyrA: c.G94C gyrA: c.G94G gyrA: c.G94T

Nucleotide Change: G61A, G61G, G74C, G74G, G94A, G94C, G94G, G94T
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: Reverse hybridisation and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2117

Identification of a predominant genotype of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Brazilian indigenous population.

PMID 33441660 · 2021

Mutations in gyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.G247S / c.G739A

Protein Change: G247S
Nucleotide Change: G739A
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2118

Detection of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Yersinia pestis by Fluorogenic PCR Using the LightCycler.

PMID 11574586 · 2001

Mutant M1

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.G81A

Nucleotide Change: G81A
Organisms: Yersinia pestis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: DNA sequencing and FRET-based assay
Source Database: Reslit

2119

Detection and Identification of Ciprofloxacin-Resistant Yersinia pestis by Denaturing High-Performance Liquid Chromatography.

PMID 12843075 · 2003

Mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of the gyrA gene were identified.

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.G81A gyrA: c.G81T gyrA: c.G84C gyrA: c.G87A gyrA: c.T83A gyrA: c.T83G

Nucleotide Change: G81A, G81T, G84C, G87A, T83A, T83G
Organisms: Yersinia pestis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and DHPLC analysis
Source Database: Reslit

2120

Novel and Effective Therapeutic Regimens for Helicobacter pylori in an Era of Increasing Antibiotic Resistance.

PMID 28529929 · 2017

Mutations in gyrA are associated with levofloxacin resistance in H. pylori.

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.G87A gyrA: c.G88A gyrA: c.G91A gyrA: c.G97A

Nucleotide Change: G87A, G88A, G91A, G97A
Organisms: Helicobacter pylori
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: mutation analysis
Source Database: Reslit

2121

Emergence of phylogenetically diverse and fluoroquinolone resistant Salmonella Enteritidis as a cause of invasive nontyphoidal Salmonella disease in Ghana.

PMID 31220112 · 2019

Mutations promoted from gene entry 'gyrA' (model emitted mutations_found inside genes).

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.G87T

Nucleotide Change: G87T
Organisms: Salmonella enterica
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: Etest MIC
Source Database: Reslit

2122

Diversity and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Mycobacterium avium complex clinical isolates in Thailand based on whole genome comparative analysis.

PMID 39755794 · 2025

Mutation detected in resistant strains

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S296T / c.G887A

Protein Change: S296T
Nucleotide Change: G887A
Organisms: Mycobacterium intracellulare, Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium colombiense, Mycobacterium timonense
Confers Resistance To: moxifloxacin
Validation Method: variant calling from VCF files
Source Database: Reslit

2123

Rapid detection of fluoroquinolone-resistant and heteroresistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis by use of sloppy molecular beacons and dual melting-temperature codes in a real-time PCR assay.

PMID 21191047 · 2011

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.G88A

Nucleotide Change: G88A
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: melting temperature shift assay
Source Database: Reslit

2124

Neisseria gonorrhoeae diagnostic escape from a gyrA-based test for ciprofloxacin susceptibility and the effect on zoliflodacin resistance: a bacterial genetics and experimental evolution study.

PMID 36868257 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.G91T

Nucleotide Change: G91T
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: experimental evolution and mutagenesis
Source Database: Reslit

2125

Effects of Omeprazole on Recurrent Clostridioides difficile Infection Caused by ST81 Strains and Their Potential Mechanisms.

PMID 37223895 · 2023

Intrinsic mutation in all ST81 strains

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.T82I / c.GAA->ATA

Protein Change: T82I
Nucleotide Change: GAA->ATA
Organisms: Clostridioides difficile
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2126

Evaluation of two molecular assays for rapid detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance to fluoroquinolones in high-tuberculosis and -multidrug-resistance Settings.

PMID 21632897 · 2011

Most common mutation in FQ-resistant strains.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G / c.GAC->GGC

Protein Change: D94G
Nucleotide Change: GAC->GGC
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: pyrosequencing and conventional sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2127

Assessment of a 96-Well Plate Assay of Quantitative Drug Susceptibility Testing for Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Complex in China.

PMID 28081169 · 2017

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G / c.GAC-GGC

Protein Change: D94G
Nucleotide Change: GAC-GGC
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2128

Correlation between antibiotic resistance and phylogenetic types among multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infections.

PMID 33995952 · 2021

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L / c.GAG->CTG

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: GAG->CTG
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2129

Development and validation of a diagnostic DNA microarray to detect quinolone-resistant Escherichia coli among clinical isolates.

PMID 15364994 · 2004

Single nucleotide exchange at position 83

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87N / c.GAT->AAT gyrA: p.D87G / c.GAT->GGT gyrA: p.D87Y / c.GAT->TAT gyrA: p.S83L / c.TCA->CTA

Protein Change: D87N, D87G, D87Y, S83L
Nucleotide Change: GAT->AAT, GAT->GGT, GAT->TAT, TCA->CTA
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: quinolones
Validation Method: microarray and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2130

Thiophene antibacterials that allosterically stabilize DNA-cleavage complexes with DNA gyrase.

PMID 28507124 · 2017

Mutations in gyrA confer resistance to fluoroquinolones

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83I / c.GAT->ATT

Protein Change: S83I
Nucleotide Change: GAT->ATT
Organisms: E. coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: isolation and identification of E. coli mutants resistant to compound 1 and its analogs with mutations that mapped to this enzyme
Source Database: Reslit

2131

Nanopore-only assemblies for genomic surveillance of the global priority drug-resistant pathogen, Klebsiella pneumoniae.

PMID 36752781 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.GAT->ATT gyrA: p.S83L / c.GAT->TTA

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: GAT->ATT, GAT->TTA
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: genotyping of reference assemblies; genotyping
Source Database: Reslit

2132

Rifampicin and isoniazid resistance not promote fluoroquinolone resistance in Mycobacterium smegmatis.

PMID 39746086 · 2025

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94H / c.GAT->CAT gyrA: p.D94A / c.GAT->GCT gyrA: p.D94G / c.GAT->GGT gyrA: p.D94Y / c.GAT->TAT gyrA: p.A90V / c.GCC->GTC gyrA: p.G88C / c.GGA->TGA gyrA: p.S91P / c.TCA->CCA

Protein Change: D94H, D94A, D94G, D94Y, A90V, G88C, S91P
Nucleotide Change: GAT->CAT, GAT->GCT, GAT->GGT, GAT->TAT, GCC->GTC, GGA->TGA, TCA->CCA
Organisms: Mycobacterium smegmatis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin|moxifloxacin|gatifloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing and MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

2133

Antibiotic resistance prediction for Mycobacterium tuberculosis from genome sequence data with Mykrobe.

PMID 32055708 · 2019

Variant D94A in gyrA gene causes resistance to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94A / c.GAT->GCA

Protein Change: D94A
Nucleotide Change: GAT->GCA
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: cloning in E. coli + disk diffusion
Source Database: Reslit

2134

Phylogenomics of Globally Spread Clonal Groups 14 and 15 of Klebsiella pneumoniae.

PMID 37098951 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: c.GAT->GCC gyrA: c.GTT->TTC

Nucleotide Change: GAT->GCC, GTT->TTC
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: phylogenetic clustering
Source Database: Reslit

2135

Lytic phages obscure the cost of antibiotic resistance in Escherichia coli.

PMID 25268496 · 2015

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D87G / c.GAT->GGA

Protein Change: D87G
Nucleotide Change: GAT->GGA
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2136

Fluoroquinolone susceptibility in Mycobacterium tuberculosis after pre-diagnosis exposure to older- versus newer-generation fluoroquinolones.

PMID 23806638 · 2013

Mutations at codon 94 in gyrA were associated with higher fluoroquinolone MICs.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G / c.GAT->GGT

Protein Change: D94G
Nucleotide Change: GAT->GGT
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: ofloxacin|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genetic sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2137

Risk assessment and transmission of fluoroquinolone resistance in drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis: a retrospective genomic epidemiology study.

PMID 39181942 · 2024

Most common mutation in fluoroquinolone-resistant isolates

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.D94G / c.GAT->GGT

Protein Change: D94G
Nucleotide Change: GAT->GGT
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin|moxifloxacin
Validation Method: GenoType MTBDR sl Ver 2.0 assay
Source Database: Reslit

2138

The Darkest Place Is under the Candlestick-Healthy Urogenital Tract as a Source of Worldwide Disseminated Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli Lineages.

PMID 35056476 · 2021

Mutation in gyrA (S83L) confers resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: GAT->TTA
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: phenotypic and genotypic methods
Source Database: Reslit

2139

Dissemination of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli in poultry in Zimbabwe.

PMID 40679857 · 2025

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: GAT->TTA
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|nalidixic acid
Validation Method: whole-genome sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2140

Implementation of Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) for Identification and Characterization of Shiga Toxin-Producing Escherichia coli (STEC) in the United States.

PMID 27242777 · 2016

Mutations in gyrA alone or in combination with mutations in parC confer resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: GAT->TTA
Confers Resistance To: nalidixic acid|ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genetic analysis
Source Database: Reslit

2141

Transferable Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) Plasmids in Enterobacteriaceae from Irrigation Water.

PMID 32629840 · 2020

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A91V / c.GCA->GTA

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: GAT->TTA
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin|levofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

2142

Real-time PCR and high-resolution melt analysis for rapid detection of Mycobacterium leprae drug resistance mutations and strain types.

PMID 22170923 · 2012

Detected in clinical strains

Mutation Information

Protein Change: A91V
Nucleotide Change: GCA->GTA
Organisms: Mycobacterium leprae
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2143

In Vitro Activity and MIC of Sitafloxacin against Multidrug-Resistant and Extensively Drug-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis Isolated in Thailand.

PMID 29061759 · 2018

Double mutations of Ala90Val and Asp94Ala were found in strains with a MIC of 1.0 μg/ml.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.A90V / c.GCA->GTT

Protein Change: A90V
Nucleotide Change: GCA->GTT
Organisms: Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Confers Resistance To: sitafloxacin
Validation Method: MIC determination
Source Database: Reslit

2144

Molecular characterization of fluoroquinolone resistance in invasive clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae susceptible to delafloxacin.

PMID 40836876 · 2025

Mutations in gyrA are associated with fluoroquinolone resistance

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S81F / c.GCA->TTA

Protein Change: S81F
Nucleotide Change: GCA->TTA
Organisms: Streptococcus pneumoniae
Confers Resistance To: levofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR and sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2145

Distinct impact of antibiotics on the gut microbiome and resistome: a longitudinal multicenter cohort study.

PMID 31533707 · 2019

Detected in one patient (ID 512) under ciprofloxacin treatment.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L / c.GCA->TTA

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: GCA->TTA
Organisms: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2146

Occurrence of a New Variant of Salmonella Infantis Lacking Somatic Antigen.

PMID 37764118 · 2023

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L / c.GCT->CTT

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: GCT->CTT
Organisms: Salmonella Infantis
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Source Database: Reslit

2147

Empirical use of ciprofloxacin for acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis caused by Escherichia coli in communities where the prevalence of fluoroquinolone resistance is high.

PMID 22391544 · 2012

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L / c.GCT->TTA

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: GCT->TTA
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: PCR amplification of QRDRs
Source Database: Reslit

2148

Linking epidemiological and genomic data in cases of enteric fever in England to inform clinical management and public health action.

PMID 38873828 · 2024

Mutations in gyrA confer resistance to ciprofloxacin.

Mutation Information

gyrA: p.S83L / c.GCT->TTA

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: GCT->TTA
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: genome-derived AMR profile
Source Database: Reslit

2149

Time-programmable drug dosing allows the manipulation, suppression and reversal of antibiotic drug resistance in vitro.

PMID 28593940 · 2017

Mutation in gyrA gene was identified through whole-genome resequencing.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: GCT->TTT
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: whole-genome resequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2150

Antimicrobial susceptibilities and plasmid contents of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from commercial sex workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh: emergence of high-level resistance to ciprofloxacin.

PMID 10074537 · 1999

Mutations in gyrA were associated with ciprofloxacin resistance.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: GCT->TTT
Organisms: Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Confers Resistance To: ciprofloxacin
Validation Method: MIC testing
Source Database: Reslit

2151

Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis of the influence of inoculum size on the selection of resistance in Escherichia coli by a quinolone in a mouse thigh bacterial infection model.

PMID 19487439 · 2009

The gyrA gene was studied for mutations that confer resistance to quinolones.

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: GCT->TTT
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: PCR amplification and DNA sequencing
Source Database: Reslit

2152

An Rcs Stress-Based High-Throughput Screen Reveals Novel Gyrase Inhibitors as Indirect Inducers of Cell Envelope Stress in Gram-Negative Bacteria.

PMID 40776765 · 2025

Mutation in gyrA conferring resistance to fluoroquinolones

Mutation Information

Protein Change: S83L
Nucleotide Change: GCT->TTT
Organisms: Escherichia coli
Confers Resistance To: fluoroquinolones
Validation Method: whole genome sequencing of resistant mutants
Source Database: Reslit

2153

Prevalence of fluoroquinolone-resistant Salmonella serotypes in Iran: a meta-analysis.

PMID 32013798 · 2020

Mutations in gyrA were detected in nalidixic acid-resistant isolates.

Mutation Information